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Abstract The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of Sarcocystis neurona antibodies in equines in the Ilhéus-Itabuna microregion (BA), and identify possible factors associated with infection. The presence of sporocysts/oocysts of Sarcocystis spp. was also verified in Didelphis spp. A total of 669 serum samples were collected from equines in 56 properties located in 12 municipalities in the region. Indirect fluorescent antibody test was performed with slides containing merozoites of the S. neurona, using a cut-off titer of 1:80. Occurrence of 7.92% of anti-S. neurona antibodies was observed in the sampled equines. The purposes trade and work were significantly associated with the presence of antibodies (p

Abstract Background Currently, various zoonotic diseases are classified as emerging or reemerging. Because equids have a direct relationship with various vectors, they are possibly more frequently exposed to zoonotic agents than are humans. The undeniable importance of diseases such as human granulocytic anaplasmosis, spotted fever, and leishmaniasis for both public and animal health, as well as the possibility of equids acting as sources, reservoirs, or even sentinels for these pathogens, justifies the detection of their frequency and factors associated with infection in equids from northeastern Brazil. Methods Blood samples were collected from 569 equids (528 horses, 33 donkeys, and 8 mules), 516 from a rural area and 53 from an urban area. Pathogen detection was carried out as follows: Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp., serological analysis; Leishmania spp., serological analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Anaplasma phagocytophilum, PCR. Determination of associated factors was carried out through generalized linear models. Results The frequencies of positivity for the pathogens observed in equids were as follows: Borrelia spp., 13.9% (79/569); Leishmania spp., 3.5% (20/569); Rickettsia spp. 33.4% (190/569). Regarding factors associated with infection, male sex was associated with protection against Borrelia spp.; donkeys and mules were associated with protection against Rickettsia spp., while a younger age was a risk factor. The infection of A. phagocytophilum was not detected in the sampled population. Co-infection was detected in 5.1% (29/569) of the animals. Conclusions Most of the studied pathogenic agents are present in the prospected area, indicating a possible risk for both human and animal health. This demonstrates that equids can be considered important sentinels in the assessment of pathogens with zoonotic potential in the region.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated to Babesia caballi, Theileria equi and Trypanosoma evansi in naturally infected equids from the northeast Brazil. Blood samples from 569 equids (528 horses, 8 mules, and 33 donkeys) were collected and tested for the presence of DNA of each of these protozoan parasites by PCR. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate risk factors associated with the infection. The frequency of T. equi infection was 83.5% (475/569) - 84.3% in horses, and 73.2% in donkeys and mules. The results of the final model indicated that age (senior group) and animal species (mule and donkey group) were protective factors against this pathogen. The frequency of B. caballi infection was 24.3% (138/569) - 23.5% in horses and 34.1% in donkeys and mules. Age (adult and senior group) was considered a protective factor against B. caballi infection whereas animal species (donkey and mule group) were considered a risk factor for the infection. Trypanosoma evansi infection was not detected in any of animals. Our results suggest that equids from the area studied may be infected earlier in life with the etiological agents of equine piroplasmosis and become asymptomatic carriers.

ABSTRACT. Viana L.F.S., Wenceslau A.A., Costa S.C.L., Figueiredo M.A.F., Andrade F.S.S.D. & Ferreira M.L. [Complementary treatments for wound with exuberant granulation tissue in one horse - Case report.] Tratamentos complementares para ferida com tecido de granulação exuberante em um equino - Relato de caso. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(4):417-420, 2014. Departamento de Ciências Ambientais e Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Ilhéus Itabuna, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA 45662-000, Brasil. E-mail: wenceslau@uesc.br This paper reports the treatment of a two years olde mare, Mangalarga Marchador breed, wich suffered injury in right hind limb and developed a chronic granuloma. Radiographic showed infuse periosteal reaction, so surgery excision was recomended. The extracted material was sent for histopathological analysis. The postoperative treatment consisted of dexamethasone (IV), phenylbutazone (IV), morphine (IM) and cephalosporin (IM). As a complementary therapy, the healing period was used policresuleno, silver sulfadiazine, copper sulfate, copaiba oil, barbatimão and laser therapy. Further sessions were held with power of 10mW laser therapy, 4J/cm2 intensity and wavelength of 658nm. The patient’s recovery was slow but got up successfully, the lesion healed completely after eight months and there was no recurrence of the fabric to date of publication of this report, so little functional impairment of the animal.

ABSTRACT. Santos I.A., de Magalhães V.C.S., Costa S.C.L. & Munhoz A.D. [Zootechnical evaluation indices in crossbred cows with Neospora caninum in the Southestern Bahia, Brazil: an analysis in a dairy herd.] Avaliação dos índices zootécnicos em vacas mestiças com Neospora caninum no sudeste da Bahia, Brasil: uma análise em um rebanho leiteiro. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(4):421-424, 2014. Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinárias, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, BA 45662-000, Brasil. Email: munhoz@uesc.br This study aimed to evaluate the presence and indexes of miscarriage and stillborn calves in naturally exposed animals to N. caninum. In a dairy property, consisting of crossbred with a history of exposure to N. caninum, from February 2009 to May 2011. Serum samples were submitted to indirect fluorescent antibody test for N. caninum. The variables interval between births, repeat breeding, estrus postpartum, average milk yield/cow, age, number of lactations and period of service and the number of abortions and stillborn calves were examined during the period. From a total of 165 cows 29 (17.6%) were seropositive. Only the number of abortions and stillbirths during the period was significant (p ≤0.05). These results demonstrate that N. caninum is an important cause of abortion and stillborn calves in cattle, with influence on other indexes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected equids in northeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 569 equids (528 horses, 8 mules and 33 donkeys) were subjected to the indirect fluorescent antibody test. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate associated factors. Among the 569 animals sampled, 118 (30.6%) living in rural areas and 14 (26.42%) in urban areas were seropositive (p>0.05). Seropositive animals were observed on 95% of the farms and in all the municipalities. Donkeys/mules as the host, presence of domestic cats and rats on the farm, ingestion of lagoon water and goat rearing remained in the final model as factors associated with infection. Preventive measures such as avoiding the presence of domestic cats close to rearing areas, pastures and sources of water for the animals should be adopted. The wide-ranging distribution of positive animals also indicated that infection in other domestic animals and in humans, through the contaminated environment, was possible. It should be highlighted that there was the possibility that donkeys and mules would continue to have detectable titers for longer, thus explaining the prevalence found. Further studies are needed to confirm this possibility.