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Mikkel Porsborg Andersen,1,2 Rikke Wiingreen,3 Talip E Eroglu,4,5 Helle Collatz Christensen,6 Laura Bech Polcwiartek,7,8 Stig Nikolaj Fasmer Blomberg,6,9 Kristian Kragholm,10,11 Christian Torp-Pedersen,1,12 Kathrine Kold Sørensen1 1Department of Cardiology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark; 2The Prehospital Center, Region Zealand, Denmark; 3Department of Pediatrics, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark; 4Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 5Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Heart Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; 6Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, Copenhagen, Denmark; 7Department of Pediatrics, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark; 8Department of Pediatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 9Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 10Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 11Unit of Clinical Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 12Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DenmarkCorrespondence: Mikkel Porsborg Andersen, Department of Cardiology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, Hillerød, 3400, Denmark, Tel +45 92 43 22 99, Email mikkel.porsborg.andersen@regionh.dkAim of the Database: The aim of the National Child Health Registry is to provide comprehensive insight into children’s health and growth on a national scale by continuously monitoring the health status of Danish children. Through this effort, the registry assists the health authorities in prioritizing preventive efforts to promote better child health outcomes.Study Population: The registry includes all Danish children, however, incomplete coverage persists.Main Variables: The National Child Health Registry contains information on exposure to secondhand smoking, breastfeeding duration, and anthropometric measurements through childhood. The information in the registry is divided into three datasets: Smoking, Breastfeeding, and Measurements. Beside specific information on the three topics, all datasets include information on CPR-number, date of birth, sex, municipality, and region of residence.Database Status: The National Child Health Registry was established in 2009 and contains health information on children from all Danish municipalities, collected through routinely performed health examinations conducted by general practitioners and health nurses.Conclusion: The National Child Health Register is an asset to epidemiological and health research with nationwide information on children’s health and growth in Denmark. Due to the unique Danish Civil Registration System, it is possible to link data from the National Child Health Register to information from several other national health and social registers which enables longitudinal unambiguous follow-up.Keywords: child health, children‘s database, register-based research, Danish register, epidemiology

The field of combinatorial optimization has inspired the development of a large number of heuristic solution procedures. These methods are commonly assessed using a competitive evaluation methodology that may give an indication of which algorithm has a better performance. A next step in the experimental analysis is to uncover "why" one algorithm performs better. Which elements are responsible for good or bad performance? How does the performance of elements vary across the design space? What is the influence of the specific problem instance that is being solved? We focus on gaining a better understanding of heuristic algorithm performance and demonstrate that the application of a proper statistical methodology can provide researchers insight into how performance is affected by the different algorithm parameters and components. As an example, we apply a multilevel statistical analysis to a large neighborhood search algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with time windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the current generation of ventilation systems: natural ventilation, exhaust ventilation, and balanced ventilation, and weighs them against an ideal benchmark case. To achieve this, a transparent, selfdeveloped evaluation framework is constructed. This assessment framework is used to calculate three different and distinct performance indicators, namely CO2, moisture, and energy losses. The performance indicators are used to show the weaknesses and strengths of the systems in terms of indoor air quality (IAQ) and energy consumption, which are used to introduce a novel concept in terms of air recycling to increase IAQ and reduce energy consumption.

Purpose: The growth of e-commerce is accompanied by an increasing distribution of parcels in cities resulting in externalities like traffic congestion or emissions. As a consequence, different delivery concepts like bike deliveries or delivery points have been suggested. Naturally, companies will only accept these changes, if they do not result in higher costs. However, it is difficult to predict the impact of a certain delivery concept in a certain city. This leads to the research question, how different delivery scenarios for a certain area can be assessed and compared, especially if some of them have not been implemented. Methods: Using a case study, we demonstrate how the effects of different delivery concepts can be quantified with the help of a simulation study. We take care to accurately model the delivery processes and utilise a real-world dataset and realistic cost values. On the basis of these inputs, we simulate and analyse the current state-of-the-practice in the distribution of e-commerce goods in Antwerp and compare it to possible `what-if' scenarios. Results: The results highlight that the investigated delivery concepts can benefit either the companies or the quality of life in the city. Operational costs of companies can be reduced by stimulating customer self-pick-up, while externalities decrease with the implementation of a cargo bike distribution system. Conclusions: We demonstrate that both operational and external costs can be minimised, if involved stakeholders from industry and the public look for sustainable delivery solution jointly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High capacity random packing is used in absorption applications where a large throughput of gas is required while simultaneously maintaining as low a pressure loss as possible. Utilising computational fluid dynamics to capture the internal flow patterns and transients when designing packed bed towers can be advantageous in respect to expected performance and cost optimisation. However, capturing the direct interaction between gas, liquid and packing is not computationally feasible and therefore the packed bed is modelled as a porous media. In this work four different porosity model are calibrated with idealised equations to data for the high capacity packing IMTP or I-Ring. The different models are evaluated based on their ability to predict pressure loss and liquid holdup in the packed bed. An Eulerian two-phase model with a porous zone representing the packed bed is setup in a cylindrical tower. The CFD results are compared to the predictions of the best performing porosity model. It was found that the best performing model had an absolute mean error of 6.7% when calibrated with the idealised equations. This error increased to 10.5% when the porosity model was implemented into the CFD model.

The increasing need for energy storage technology has led to a massive interest in novel energy storage methods. The energy geomembrane system is such a novel energy storage method. The concept of the system is briefly introduced, and a holistic numerical model of the system is presented. The model uses advanced finite-element techniques to model the energy storage system using fluid cavity elements. The developed geomembrane energy system is modelled with different constitutive models to represent the soil behaviour: a linear elastic model, a nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb model, and a hypoplastic constitutive model. The consequences of these different models on the results are studied. Hereby, the focus is the first inflation and deflation cycle of the system.

Henry Christensen,1 Jens Steen Nielsen,2 Karina Meden Sørensen,3 Mads Melbye,3 Ivan Brandslund1,41Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark; 2The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2), Department of Endocrinology M, Diabetes Research Centre, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; 3Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; 4Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DenmarkAbstract: Long-term storage of biological samples from patients has become increasingly important in studies of disease control and treatment. The first nationwide Danish diabetes project, ie, The Danish Center for Strategic Research in Type II Diabetes (DD2), aims to improve treatment and the long-term outcome of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). The DD2 project includes establishment of a biobank with samples from 50,000 patients with newly diagnosed T2D. This paper describes how blood and urine samples from 10,000 patients per year are collected, handled, and stored. The biobank includes whole blood, DNA, and plasma and urine samples, all frozen at −80°C. Sampling tubes have been standardized and are sent to hospital outpatient clinics and general practitioners where samples are taken, handled, aliquoted, and returned by mail overnight in standardized cryostorage tubes. When received at the biobank, samples are frozen without further treatment. From each patient, 24 cryostorage tubes are stored. Each tube is labeled with a barcode that links the data to other information available in a clinical databank registry. When patients are enrolled in DD2, a questionnaire is filled out and a quality monitoring system ensures that patients, samples, and questionnaires can be linked together at all times. The biobank is located at Vejle Hospital and the Danish National Biobank at Statens Serum Institut. As of the end of March 2012, samples from 1186 patients have been stored, and currently samples from 8–10 patients arrive per day. We have established the first national biobank in Denmark where blood, DNA, and plasma and urine samples from patients with newly diagnosed T2D are systematically collected and stored. This biobank enables sophisticated analysis of genetic variation and response to treatment, as well as disease marker studies that better classify disease status, progression, and complications.Keywords: DD2, biobank, type 2 diabetes, logistics, implementation, biorepository, data registration

A series of one-dimensional compression tests have been performed on reconstituted specimens of Søvind Marl. A clear correlation is obtained between the location and the gradient of the intrinsic compression lines and the void ratio at the liquid limit. The found correlation has subsequently been used to normalise the compression curves of 12 one-dimensional compression tests on intact specimens of Søvind Marl and Little Belt Clay obtained from various depths at two sites at Aarhus Harbour. Søvind Marl and Little Belt Clay are both marine sedimentary clays of Eocene age, which can be characterised as very stiff fissured clays with a very high plasticity. From a comparison of the reconstituted and intact compression paths the influence of structure is analysed and discussed in the paper. The majority of intact specimens of Søvind Marl and Little Belt Clay from Aarhus Harbour show similar behaviour; a very stiff recompression path and yielding at high stress level after crossing the intrinsic compression line. The displayed behaviour indicates an insignificant influence of fissuring on the pre-yield behaviour. Post-yield the compression paths indicate a stable structure dominated by fabric rather than metastable interparticle bonds. The paper furthermore highlights the importance of considering the effect of pore water salinity when assessing the influence of structure on the compression behaviour of smectite rich natural marine clays.