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Prior studies have theorized a positive association between people’s populist attitudes and an increased use of social media to consume news, which will be mainly driven by individuals’ engagement with news that reflects their people-centered, anti-elitist, and Manichean understanding of politics. However, such general connection remains elusive. This research seeks to further clarify this strand of the literature by incorporating people’s belief that important political information will find them without actively seeking news—"News Finds Me” perception (NFM). For that, we use online survey data from two European countries that differ regarding the ideological political supply side of populism (Italy and Portugal). The main results suggest that citizens who hold stronger populist attitudes will also develop stronger NFM. Furthermore, findings reveal a mediating effect of social media news use on the effects of populist attitudes over NFM. That is, those who hold stronger populist attitudes tend to use social media to get exposed to public affairs news more often, which in turn explains the development of the NFM. These results emphasize the importance of systematically exploring citizens populists’ attitudes within today’s social media, social networks, and complex information systems.

Climate change, natural hazards, and human actions are threatening cultural heritage in urban areas. More than ever, building regulations’ procedures and criteria are essential to guarantee the protection and safeguarding of urban areas and their buildings. These procedures and criteria are crucial to assist stakeholders in decision-making, especially when facing rapid transitions and transformative changes in urban heritage areas. Several institutional stakeholders in charge of urban heritage protection strengthen the need for a better implementation of building regulations through flexible criteria to support intervention procedures in buildings with different features and in different contexts. Under this topic, the present study uses a twofold method. Firstly, the authors analyze and compare the urban and building regulations of three Southern European countries, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, concerning procedures and criteria directed to the built heritage; secondly, they highlight and compare the views of different institutional stakeholders from the same three countries, at different levels (national, regional, and municipal), to understand the impact of the implementation of the regulations on the ground. The findings show the relevance of the institutional stakeholders’ views to improve the regulations and their practice. They highlight the need to promote inventory and cataloging procedures, as well as flexible criteria when dealing with urban heritage buildings.

Over the last decades, the globalization of the food and agriculture sector has fueled international labor migration to rural areas in Southern Europe. Portugal is no exception to this trend, as the intensification of foreign investment in agriculture combined with a declining and ageing workforce created a demand for flexible immigrant labor. The Eastern European and Asian immigrant workers who answered the industry’s call were confronted with poor working conditions and lacking access to public services. In this article, we zoom in on the governance challenge that the presence of precarious immigrant workers (PIWs) poses to rural municipalities in the south of Portugal. The burgeoning literature on local integration policies mainly focuses on how cities deal with the challenge posed by international labor migration. This article draws on a detailed case study of the municipality of Odemira to argue that more attention needs to be paid to emerging local migration regimes in non-urban localities. By adopting a regime-theoretical approach, we study how power relations between the local government, civil society, and the private sector play out around the question of immigrant reception. Our study suggests that immigration policies in rural localities are increasingly being developed through cooperation and coproduction between public and private actors. First, we demonstrate how the presence of PIWs is perceived as a policy “problem” by each actor. Second, we outline how a governing coalition formed around the shared concern to improve arrival infrastructures, stimulate integration, mediate socio-cultural impact, and accommodate business interests. We conclude by critically questioning the impact that emerging local migration regimes have on the rights and social position of PIWs in rural contexts.

Youth unemployment is a factor influencing European policy. The effects of financial crisis of 2008 in youth unemployment were prominent and varied across European countries and regions. This notebook aims to identify key representative trajectories of youth unemployment by NUTS 2 regions in Europe from 2008 to 2018. Moreover, this notebook provides a self-contained research workflow that is fully reproducible and transparent, using a wide range of functionalities offered by computational notebooks. The results show that there is a divide between northern and southern regions. Northern regions follow stable low youth unemployment levels, while southern regions follow stable high youth unemployment levels. Finally, the results show that there are patterns of regional inequalities between major metropolitan areas and their adjacent regions.

With populations rapidly aging, the development over time in the cognitive function among the elderly approaching or reaching retirement is important for successful aging at work and planning pension policies. However, few studies in this field focus on this age group. This study characterizes time trends in cognitive function among 55-69-year-old Europeans from 2006 to 2015, and compares these trends by region, gender, and education. This study analyzes 40,689 subjects in Waves 2, 4, 5 and 6 of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) covering ten countries. Cognitive function was measured by Recall and Verbal Fluency. Educational levels were classified by quartiles. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to explore the association between cognitive function and development over time after controlling for confounders. Further stratification analysis using GEE models was conducted, stratified by region, gender and education. Cognitive function improved significantly in southern and central Europe over the observed timeframe, whereas it did not in northern Europe. Those with relative low levels of formal education displayed the most rapid increases in cognitive function in southern and central Europe. Among those with lower education in southern Europe, males’ cognitive function improved more quickly than females’. The improvement of cognitive function at ages 55-69 in southern and central Europe may contribute to continuing engagement with productive activities in old age. Educational interventions for people with lower levels of education may be most effective in achieving such engagement. This paper extends the literature on the development over time in the cognitive function among the elderly close to retirement age in Europe by analysing southern, central and northern Europe, as well as differences by region, gender and education. The results may provide evidence for planning pension policies and educational interventions.

Although populism does not dictate a coherent ideological or programmatic agenda, some of its elements still leave distinct marks on the formulation and implementation of foreign policy. This paper argues for the study of populism in its tangible policy impacts and scrutinizes the nexus of populism and foreign policy in contemporary Turkey under President Erdoğan's rule. Despite the abundant references to the 'people' in the populist rhetoric, it identifies personalization in foreign policy decision-making, nationalization in foreign policy implementation, and civilizationalization in the foreign policy discourse. Having established the patterns of populist foreign policy from a wider reading, this study then examines, generally, how populism has informed Turkish foreign policy and, specifically, Turkey's approach to the recent border disputes over the gas fields in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Using data from Eurobarometer 83.4, this study combines the two branches of research that address climate-related and biodiversity-related opinions and actions of individuals in the EU. The literature shows that the differences between climate-related and biodiversity-related policies correspond, at an individual level, to a person's basic attitudes towards environmental protection and towards nature protection, respectively. The contribution of this study is to demonstrate how these attitudes can influence behavior that has environmental repercussions for both issues, such as food consumption practices. The analysis focused on two Eurobarometer questions about buying local and seasonal food (to fight climate change) and about buying organic and local food (to protect biodiversity and nature). The results of two multinomial regression analyses, separately in Northwestern European countries and Eastern and Southern European countries, demonstrated that climate-related and biodiversity-related attitudes were, independent of each other, related to the adoption of these purchase behaviors. The results may support Europe’s new Farm to Fork (F2F) strategy and indicate that improving food consumption practices can enable individuals to better play their part in fighting climate change and biodiversity loss simultaneously, which opens up interesting new perspectives for policymakers, businesses and consumers.

This editorial presents a general overview of the thematic issue “The Lived Experiences of Migration: Individual Strategies, Institutional Settings and Destination Effects in the European Mobility Process,” based on the rich qualitative data produced in the Growth, Equal Opportunities, Migration and Markets (GEMM) project. The qualitative component of the project focused on the ‘lived’ experiences of migration. The main contribution of the articles in this issue is to demonstrate the multiplicity of actors and structures involved in the migration process, and to recognize the important role that space plays in the life-trajectories of people on the move. Perceiving the migration process as a learning experience allows for a deeper look into the complex renegotiation of cultural and political boundaries that migrants experience in the destination.

Higher education is one of the most important key values for changes in societies and exchanges among different societies. Analysing higher education systems in Europe, it is clear that Southern Europe has been determining many differences with the rest of the continent, despite the effort of the Bologna Process to ensure comparability in the standards and quality of higher education qualifications. Taking into account four Southern Europe countries – Portugal, Spain, Italy and Greece – and regarding their link to a certain Mediterranean culture, our proposal is to analyse these countries’ higher education systems, their growth, using indicators on educational stock, economic growth and development, supply and demand of higher education and economic indicators relating training and the economy such as graduated employment rates. Also education public policies will be considered in the analysis as they interfere in higher education systems’ trajectories. Comparing them we will be able to identify similitudes and singularities in these educational realities, leading us to conclude about the existence of a Southern European way of making higher education a specific value in Mediterranean culture. This topic is even more important as it may be related to the recent key focus of EU activities in Southern Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development (MSSD) recognises that education in the Mediterranean needs strengthening by introducing sustainable development, through a holistic approach, into educational curricula, from primary school right up to higher education. The search for synergies between higher education research and innovation in the Mediterranean area already started. With our post-doctoral research project focusing on higher education and its links to societies, educational policies and national economies, our goal is to share some questions and to contribute to the debate on higher education reinforcing and enriching sociological analysis on higher education between Mediterranean countries.

In Spain, housing is one of the main axes of social inequality. Its position within Spain’s economic model and welfare system is key to understanding why its financialization at the beginning of the 21st century had such different consequences among residents as well as territorially. In this context, from 2001 to 2011, Madrid became one of the most segregated metropolitan areas in Europe. This article delves into how both housing and its location organise inequality in different social spheres and reproduce it over time. To this end, the geography of this inequality is analysed in different social residential trajectories, along with how segregation produces its own dynamics of inequality. The analysis is based on census data and applies a combination of factor and cluster analyses. The results reveal important processes of social residential marginalisation articulated by the interaction between high international immigration and the spatial manifestation of the housing bubble. The main socio-spatial result of this process is the disappearance of mixed social spaces in Madrid, previously located in the centre of the city. This dynamic produces opposite territories in terms of advantage and disadvantage in different spheres linked to social inequality such as education, health, leisure, care and even prejudice. In the process, impoverished immigrants disperse towards the neighbourhoods that concentrate the greatest disadvantages in each of these spheres.

Background: Migration has become one of the most salient policy areas in the European Union. In response, the European Commission established a research team with the task of investigating a range of possible demographic futures. Objective: This paper explores the demographic effects of migration on eastern, southern, and western EU regions, using different scenarios to see the extent population size, working-age population, education composition, and total age dependency can be influenced. Methods: We use a deterministic cohort-component projection model that (a) incorporates improving levels of educational attainment in the population and (b) explicit consideration of migration between EU member states (MS) and migration between EU MS and the rest of the world. Eight stylised what-if scenarios are developed around a medium assumption projection. Results: Although migration can have a large effect on total and working-age population size, the EU population will continue to age and see a rise in age dependency regardless. Despite depopulation occurring in many eastern MS, the region is and should remain in a better position than the south and on par with the west in terms of age dependency. Conclusions: While both the south and east provide large demographic subsidies of working-age people to the EU’s west, the south is less prepared to cope with the losses due to an already older population, lower labour force participation, and lower education levels. Contribution: We report demographic consequences of contrasting migration scenarios for the EU-28 (now EU+UK) based on multidimensional projections by age, sex, and educational attainment.

What was the impact of the 2014–2016 refugee crisis on immigration attitudes and national identification in Europe? Several studies show that radical right parties benefitted electorally from the refugee crisis, but research also shows that anti-immigration attitudes did not increase. We hypothesize that the refugee crisis affected right-wing citizens differently than left-wing citizens. We test this hypothesis by combining individual level survey data (from five Eurobarometer waves in the 2014–2016 period) with country level statistics on the asylum applications in 28 EU member states. In Western Europe, we find that increases in the number of asylum applications lead to a polarization of attitudes towards immigrants between left- and right-leaning citizens. In the Southern European ‘arrival countries’ and in Central-Eastern Europe we find no significant effects. Nationalistic attitudes are also not affected significantly.

This article aims to elucidate the effects of the Great Recession and the retrenchment of welfare on national identity in several European countries. While different authors have observed that good economic performance, redistribution, and the growth of welfare strengthen countries as political communities of solidarity, there is much less empirical evidence regarding the consequences of an economic crisis for national identity. To investigate these consequences, we focus on a set of countries where the 2008 Great Recession resulted in different impacts, namely, Germany and four countries in Southern Europe (Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece). We use secondary quantitative data from Eurobarometer surveys to test aggregated and individual hypotheses relating to both the size and direction of the Great Recession’s effects on national identity. Our results suggest that the roles and impacts of economic variables may be different depending on the relative economic performance of a country within its own context. It seems easier to confirm that good economic performance, in relative terms, might strengthen national identity than proving that poor economic performance will weaken national identity. Even if no definitive empirical evidence can be given at this point, our data suggest a rationalization or compensation mechanism such that citizens look for where to anchor their strong national identities after they have decided on them. If an economy is performing well, then it would become a good anchorage for holding a strong national identity, however, if an economy is not performing well, then economic factors will cease to be a fundamental element for national identity holders.

This working paper is based on empirical research on the Translocal Figurations of Displacement in Greece and Italy. The authors aim to compare protracted displacement in Greece and Italy, looking at the structural forces shaping it and their interactions with migrants��� mobility and connectivity. This comparison is based on the analysis of the relations between two contextual variables (governance regimes and host population) and three key variables (mobility, connectivity and marginalisation). In this paper, they present findings from three study sites in Greece and four research locations in Italy. Findings show that protracted legal and socio-economic marginalisation is a key feature characterising the lives of displaced people in southern European countries. It confirms the hypothesis that protracted displacement does not end when forced migrants reach Greece or Italy. Restrictive governance regimes at the national and EU level severely limit mobility opportunities within Greece and Italy and across the European Union (EU). To cope with and resist marginalising and immobilising policies, displaced migrants in Italy and Greece put in place several strategies, ranging from adapting to governance regimes and taking the most out of them to resisting them and finding ways to avoid, bypass or overcome such regimes. In this framework, mobility and connectivity emerge as a resource and a trap for displaced migrants in southern Europe. On the one hand, migrants��� strategies of intra-national and intra-EU mobility may help them out of protracted displacement, while on the other, certain types of mobility (hyper-, circular, paradoxical) can entrap, rather than free them. Similarly, local, translocal and transnational networks emerge as a crucial resource for displaced people in Greece and Italy. At the same time, family and co-ethnic networks may also be experienced as disabling, hampering one���s aspirations to get out of protracted displacement. Fieldwork in both countries highlighted common factors shaping the relationships between displaced migrants and host communities. We also observed different facets of intergroup relations, ranging from indifference to friendship. The paper concludes by highlighting similarities and differences on the findings from both countries, based on qualitative and quantitative data., TRAFIG Working Paper No. 9

Die Beschränkung der Reisefreiheit und weitreichende Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen im Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie stellt besonders in den Urlaubsländern Südeuropas die Existenz vieler Tourismusbetriebe in Frage, was die wirtschaftliche Krise in den tourismusintensiven EU-Staaten verschärft. Die Autoren zeigen, dass vor allem kleinere Urlaubsländer wie Malta, Zypern und Kroatien fast vollständig vom Auslandstourismus abhängen. In absoluten Übernachtungszahlen haben die großen Urlaubsländer im "Süden" der EU, Spanien und Italien, die größten Einbrüche zu befürchten. In vielen südeuropäischen Urlaubsländern ist die Saison stark auf das Sommerhalbjahr konzentriert, wodurch in einigen Urlaubsdestinationen ohne eine schnelle Wiederbelebung des Auslandstourismus Totalausfälle drohen. Verluste im Tourismus wären für die Urlaubsländer Südeuropas überaus schmerzlich, da das wirtschaftliche Gewicht der touristischen Dienstleistungen dort teilweise sehr deutlich über dem EU-Durchschnitt liegt. Somit sind die vergleichsweise armen Urlaubsländer Südeuropas auf eine zeitnahe Belebung ihres Tourismusgeschäfts angewiesen, um Einnahmen aus dem Dienstleistungsexport erzielen zu können. Die Autoren weisen darauf hin, dass die Urlaubsländer genauso einen funktionierenden Europäischen Binnenmarkt benötigen wie der Warenexporteur Deutschland. Sie warnen davor, dass die Alternative zur Wiederbelebung des Auslandstourismus ein teurer Wiederaufbau der touristischen Infrastruktur im Süden der EU wäre, der vor allem zu Lasten der Nettozahler ginge. The restrictions on freedom of travel and far-reaching infection control measures in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic are challenging the existence of many tourism businesses, particularly in the holiday countries of Southern Europe, which is exacerbating the economic crisis in the tourism-intensive EU countries. The authors show that especially smaller holiday countries like Malta, Cyprus and Croatia are almost completely dependent on foreign tourism. In absolute overnight stays, the large holiday countries in the "South" of the EU, Spain and Italy, are facing the biggest slumps. In many Southern European holiday destinations, the season is heavily concentrated in the summer half of the year, which means that some holiday destinations are threatened with total losses unless foreign tourism is quickly revived. Losses in tourism would be extremely painful for the holiday countries of Southern Europe, as the economic weight of tourist services there is in some cases very much higher than the EU average. The comparatively poor holiday countries of Southern Europe are therefore dependent on a timely revival of their tourism business in order to generate income from the export of services. The authors point out that the holiday countries need a functioning Single European Market just as much as the goods exporter Germany. They warn that the alternative to reviving foreign tourism would be an expensive reconstruction of the tourism infrastructure in the South of the EU, which would be primarily at the expense of the net contributors.

Geschichte der Südeuropa-Germanistik (SEG)/Mittelmeer-Südeuropa-Germanistik (MSEG) und Bericht zur Jahrestagung Malta im Mai/Juni 2019

What are to be considered as threats against journalism? Whereas the literature on safety of journalists mainly discusses threats as part of armed conflicts, this article studies how other kinds of conflicts such as economic strangulation and the viability threat represent threats against journalists’ work and safety. It argues that acts of intimidation directed against journalists represent an attack on democracy itself as they have the effect of limiting the freedom of expression. The aim of this study is to explore how journalists operate in such a conflict and under such uncertainty, as an implication of (political) pressure caused by the politics of Memoranda in Greece, Cyprus, and Spain. The comparative analysis focuses on possible changes in the processes of message construction and in the journalistic practices of the participants, exploring if, how, and to what extent these changes were imposed to journalists directly or indirectly.

This article contributes to the literature on the models of immigrants’ labour market incorporation in Western Europe by analysing the employment returns to tertiary education for both natives and immigrants. By using yearly EU-LFS data (2005–2013) for a selection of Western European countries, cross-country differences in the employment returns to tertiary education are analysed separately by immigrant status and gender. In Continental Europe, where immigrant-native employment gaps before the crisis were much larger than in Southern Europe, immigrants are found to benefit more from tertiary education, and their returns are also higher than for natives, while the opposite holds in Southern European countries. The same pattern is found irrespective of gender, but cross-country differences are more pronounced among women. The article also documents that the crisis contributed to a cross-country convergence, although limited to men, in the degree of immigrant employment disadvantage, which increased substantially in Southern Europe while remaining unchanged or slightly declining in all other countries. Nevertheless, although immigrant-native employment gaps grew as high as in Continental Europe, immigrant men in Southern Europe are still found to benefit from lower returns to tertiary education than their native counterparts.

The German War Grave Commission (Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge, VDK) has offered package tours to the German war graves of World War II in Western Europe since 1950, and since 1990/91 increasingly also to Eastern Europe. Based on a study of the actors’ practices, the article identifies the generation-specific, gender-specific and societal functions of these tours and their change over time. Despite several generational changes in the traveller groups and partly modified interpretations of WWII, some of the tours’ functions remained constant. To this day, they provide a place of mourning for the relatives of soldiers killed in action. Besides this function of remembrance, they also had the social function of building a community of experience of mourners and war victims – initially for the war widows, later for their children and grandchildren. Finally, the tours made it possible for certain groups to undertake tourist trips abroad which they could not have attempted alone – during the first post-war decades, particularly war widows with little or no travel experience (to Western Europe); since 1990/91, the generation of aged veterans (to Eastern Europe). The article draws on a wide range of VDK archival material that reveals perspectives of the organisation as well as preferences and practices of the travellers. * * * Seit 1950 bot der Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge (VDK) Gruppenreisen zu den deutschen Kriegsgräberstätten des Zweiten Weltkriegs in Westeuropa an, seit 1990/91 vermehrt auch Reisen nach Osteuropa. Ausgehend von den Praktiken der Akteure arbeitet der Beitrag die generationenspezifischen, geschlechterspezifischen und gesellschaftlichen Funktionen dieser Reisen im zeitlichen Wandel heraus. Trotz des mehrfachen Generationenwechsels der Klientel und teilweise veränderter Deutungen des Zweiten Weltkriegs blieben einige Funktionen der Reisen gleich. Bis heute bieten sie den Angehörigen gefallener Soldaten einen Ort zum Trauern. Neben dieser memorierenden Funktion besaßen sie die soziale Funktion, eine Erfahrungsgemeinschaft von Trauernden und Kriegsopfern zu etablieren – zunächst für die Kriegswitwen, später für ihre Kinder und Enkel und nicht zuletzt generationenübergreifend. Schließlich ermöglichten sie bestimmten Gruppen touristische Auslandsreisen, die diese nicht allein hätten unternehmen können – in den ersten Nachkriegsjahrzehnten vor allem reiseunerfahrenen Kriegswitwen (nach Westeuropa), seit 1990/91 der gealterten Veteranengeneration (nach Osteuropa). Der Aufsatz stützt sich auf breites Archivmaterial des VDK, das Perspektiven der Organisation ebenso erkennen lässt wie Präferenzen und Praktiken der Reisenden.

Purpose: For young people with a migrant background in Germany transition from school to company-based vocational training is much more difficult than for non-migrants. This remains true, when data is controlled for the lower performance of young migrants in general education. In this paper we investigate if and how far the chances of transition to company-based vocational training and the acquisition of different school leaving certificates depend from the migration generation and the region of origin of young migrants. The question is, if disadvantages of young migrants diminish with a longer stay of their family in Germany and if this is also the case for the different groups of regions of origin (Southern Europe, East Europe, Turkey, other Middle East and North Africa, Other regions). Methods: We conduct multivariate analyses on the basis of data from the German Educational Panel Study (NEPS). Our analyses relate to young people who left a general education school after Year 9 in the summer of 2011 or Year 10 in the summer of 2012. Our database comprises information provided by a total of 5,952 school leavers. Results: For all four origin groups worse chances in comparison to non-migrants were detected. But there are differences in the disadvantages of opportunity between the various groups. They acquire more often lower school qualifications than their counterparts not from a migrant background and also have worse chances than the latter of successfully progressing to company-based vocational education and training. This applies even if other important influencing factors such as social origin are taken into account. Young people from a Turkish or Arab background have the lowest chances in general education and vocational training. As generation status rises disadvantages diminish for all origin groups, but with different magnitudes. A clear upwards-directed integration can be observed solely for the East European origin group. Conclusion: The results of our analyses signalise a clear need for action on the part of German policy makers and German society to reduce the educational disadvantages suffered by young migrants and to develop an effective support mechanism. Integration is rarely achieved in the short term. It is a long-term task which frequently extends over several generations.

Whilst most of the research on intra-EU mobility has mainly focused on the reasons behind young Southern Europeans leaving their home countries, and secondly on their experiences within the new context, little is known about their sense of belonging and identities. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring Italian and Spanish migrants’ social identity repositioning and the cultural change characterising their existential trajectories. Drawing on 69 semi-structured interviews with Italians and Spaniards living in London and Berlin, this article shows that the sense of belonging to one or more political communities and boundary work are related to individual experiences and can change due to structural eventualities such as the Brexit referendum. While identification with the host society is rare, attachment to the home country is quite common as a result of people’s everyday experiences. Cultural changes and European/cosmopolitan identification are linked to exposure to new environments and interaction with new cultures, mostly concerning those with previous mobility experience, as well as to a sentiment of non-acceptance in the UK. However, such categories are not rigid, but many times self-identification and attachments are rather blurred also due to the uncertainty around the duration of the mobility project. This makes individual factors (gender, age, family status, employment, education) that are often considered as determinants of identification patterns all but relevant.

Aufgrund klimatischer Veränderungen, dem zunehmenden Import von Hunden aus dem Ausland sowie dem zunehmenden Reise- und Güterverkehr innerhalb Europas und damit verbunden der zunehmenden Ausbreitung möglicher Vektoren gewinnen vektorübertragene Infektionen bei Hunden in Deutschland an Bedeutung. In den Ländern des Mittelmeerraumes sowie in Südosteuropa sind Erreger wie L. infantum, H. canis, E. canis, A. platys und Dirofilaria spp. endemisch. Erreger wie A. phagocytophilum und Babesia spp. kommen ebenfalls in Zentral- und Westeuropa vor. Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung des Infektionsrisikos von Hunden im Raum Berlin/Brandenburg nach Import aus endemischen Regionen und nach reisebegleitendem Aufenthalt in endemischen Regionen. Sechszehn Länder in der Mittelmeerregion und Südosteuropa wurden als endemisch definiert. Es konnten 345 Hunde, die aus endemischen Regionen nach Deutschland importiert und im Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2015 an der Kleintierklinik der Freien Universität Berlin vorgestellt wurden, und 303 Hunde aus Deutschland, die reisebegleitend in endemischen Regionen waren und im Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2018 vorgestellt wurden, in die Studie eingeschlossen werden. Bei den reisebegleitenden Hunden wurden 1174 Testverfahren ausgewertet, aufgeteilt in 525 direkte und 449 indirekte Nachweisverfahren, bei den importierten Hunden 1368 Testverfahren, aufgeteilt in 576 direkte und 792 indirekte Untersuchungsverfahren. Mehr als ein Zehntel der Hunde (40/303 Hunde, 13%), die reisebegleitend in endemischen Ländern waren, wurden positiv auf mindestens eine vektorübertragene Infektion getestet. Bei den Hunden, die aus endemischen Ländern nach Deutschland importiert wurden, waren mehr als ein Drittel (122/345 Hunde, 35%) mit mindestens einer vektorübertragenen Infektion infiziert. Diejenigen Hunde, die aus endemischen Ländern nach Deutschland importiert wurden, wurden am häufigsten positiv auf Leishmanien (66/314 auf den Erreger getestete Hunde, 21%), Ehrlichien (45/278, 16%) und Babesien (25/251, 10%) getestet. Diejenigen Hunde, die sich reisebegleitend in endemischen Ländern aufhielten, wurden hauptsächlich positiv auf Ehrlichen (18/231, 8%), Leishmanien (14/260, 5%) und Babesien (14/260, 5%) getestet. Infektionen mit mehr als einem Erreger, die die Diagnosestellung erschweren und stärkere klinische Symptome auslösen können, waren im Falle der reisebegleitenden Hunde bei 1% (4/303 Hunde) der getesteten Hunde und im Falle der importierten Hunde bei 8% (27/345 Hunde) nachweisbar. Am meisten Hunde wurden aus Spanien (186/345 Hunde), Griechenland (48/345), Ungarn (19/345) und Italien (19/345) nach Deutschland importiert. Positiv auf mindestens eine vektorübertragene Infektion getestete Hunde stammten hauptsächlich aus Portugal (6/12 Hunde, 50%), Griechenland (22/48, 46%) und Spanien (67/186, 36%). Es wurden nur Länder in den Vergleich einbezogen, aus denen mindestens 10 Hunde nach Deutschland importiert wurden. Die beliebtesten Reiseziele waren Italien (90/303 Hunde), Frankreich (53/303) und Spanien (49/303). Siebenundfünfzig Hunde waren reisebegleitend in zwei oder drei Ländern. Am häufigsten wurden positive Testverfahren für vektorübertragene Infektionen bei Hunden festgestellt, die reisebegleitend in Kroatien (3/15 Hunde, 20%), Italien (13/90, 14%) und Spanien (6/49, 12%) waren. Es wurden nur Länder in den Vergleich einbezogen, die von mindestens 10 Hunden bereist wurden. Aufgrund klimatischer Veränderungen, dem zunehmenden Import von Hunden aus dem Ausland sowie dem zunehmendem Reise- und Güterverkehr innerhalb Europas und damit verbunden der zunehmenden Ausbreitung möglicher Vektoren ist es erforderlich, alle Hunde in Deutschland mittels Ektoparasitenprophylaxe vor Infektionen zu schützen, am besten mit Wirkstoffen, die eine repellierende Wirkung aufweisen. Weiterhin wäre eine behördliche Überwachung von reisebegleitenden Hunden sowie eine Erfassung von aus dem Ausland importieren Hunden in Kombination mit Aufklärung der Besitzer durch Behörden und/oder Tierärzte in Deutschland wünschenswert, um die Verbreitung der Infektionen und möglicher Vektoren zu vermindern. Vektorübertragene Infektionen sind nicht nur für die Veterinärmedizin, sondern aufgrund des zoonotischen Potentials einiger Infektionserreger auch für die Humanmedizin und die öffentliche Gesundheit bedeutend. Testverfahren für vektorübertragene Infektionen sollten gezielt und überlegt angewandt werden unter Berücksichtigung des Zeitpunktes und der Lokalität des Auslandsaufenthaltes und/oder Imports, der klinischen und klinikopathologischen Befunde betroffener Hunde und möglicher finanzieller Limitationen der Besitzer., Due to climatic changes, the increasing import of dogs from abroad as well as increasing tourism and freight traffic within Europe and consequently the increased spreading of possible vectors, vector-borne infections are growing in importance among dogs in Germany. In the countries of the Mediterranean region as well as in southeastern Europe, pathogens such as Leishmania infantum, Hepatozoon canis, Ehlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Dirofilaria spp. are endemic. Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. also occur in central and western Europe. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of infection in dogs from Berlin/Brandenburg after being imported from endemic regions and after traveling to endemic regions. Sixteen countries in the Mediterranean region and southeastern Europe were defined as endemic. The study included 345 dogs imported to Germany from endemic regions and presented at the Small Animal Clinic of Freie Universität Berlin between 2007 and 2015. It also included 303 dogs from Germany that had travelled to endemic regions and were presented between 2007 and 2018. In the case of dogs accompanying their owners on travels, 1174 test procedures were evaluated, divided into 525 direct and 449 indirect methods of detection; for the imported dogs, 1368 tests were evaluated, divided into 576 direct and 792 indirect methods of detection. More than one tenth of the dogs (40/303 dogs, 13%) that had travelled to endemic countries were tested positive for at least one vector-borne infection. In dogs imported to Germany from endemic countries, more than one third (122/345 dogs, 35%) had at least one vector-borne infection. The dogs imported to Germany from endemic countries were most frequently tested positive for Leishmania infantum (66/314 dogs tested for the pathogen, 21%), Ehrlichia canis (45/278, 16%) and Babesia spp. (25/251, 10%). For those dogs that had travelled to endemic countries, the tests were mainly positive for Ehrlichia canis (18/231, 8%), Leishmania infantum (14/260, 5%) and Babesia spp. (14/260, 5%). Infections with more than one pathogen, which can complicate diagnosis and cause more severe clinical symptoms, were found in 1% (4/303 dogs) of dogs that had travelled as companion dogs and in 8% (27/345 dogs) of the imported dogs. Most dogs were imported to Germany from Spain (186/345 dogs), Greece (48/345), Hungary (19/345) and Italy (19/345). Dogs tested positive for at least one vector-borne infection were mainly from Portugal (6/12 dogs, 50%), Greece (22/48, 46%) and Spain (67/186, 36%). Only countries from which at least 10 dogs were imported to Germany were considered for the comparison. The most popular travel destinations were Italy (90/303 dogs), France (53/303) and Spain (49/303). Fifty-seven dogs had travelled to two or three countries. Positive test results for vector-borne infections were most frequently found in dogs travelling to Croatia (3/15 dogs, 20%), Italy (13/90, 14%) and Spain (6/49, 12%). Only countries that at least 10 dogs had travelled to were considered for the comparison. Due to climatic changes, the increasing import of dogs from abroad as well as increasing tourism and freight traffic within Europe and consequently the increased spreading of possible vectors, it is necessary to protect all dogs in Germany from infections by means of ectoparasite prophylaxis, preferably with substances that have a repelling effect. Furthermore, it would be desirable to introduce official monitoring of dogs accompanying travels to endemic countries as well as registration of dogs imported from abroad, in combination with the education of owners by authorities and/or veterinarians in Germany, in order to reduce further spreading of infections and possible vectors. Vector-borne infections are important not only for veterinary medicine, but also for human medicine and public health because of the zoonotic potential of some infectious agents. Test procedures for vector-borne infections should be applied in a targeted and considered manner. This includes considering the time and location of the stay abroad and/or import, the clinical and clinicopathological findings of affected dogs and possible financial limitations of the owners.