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OBJECTIVE: We aimed at determining the protective effects of Pycnogenol on ethanol-induced retinotoxicity in an experimental model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: an untreated healthy control (HC group), a group in which only ethanol was daily administered for six weeks (EtOH group), and a group in which ethanol + 40 mg/kg Pycnogenol was daily administered orally for six weeks (PEtOH group). The same volume (0.5 ml) of distilled water as solvent was applied in the same manner to the rats in the HC and EtOH groups. With the rats in the PEtOH and EtOH groups, 32% ethanol at a dose of 5 g/kg was administered by oral gavage one hour after the application of pycnogenol or distilled water. At the end of the experimental period, tissue samples were obtained for biochemical examination of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (tGSH) levels, and afterwards, the eyes were removed for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Histopathological evaluations in the EtOH group showed significant destruction of retinal tissue with marked edema, decomposition and degeneration in layers, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, dilatation and congestion in blood vessels. However, it was observed that MDA values increased and tGSH values decreased in the EtOH group. In the PEtOH group, MDA values decreased and GSH values increased. Again, degenerative changes were considerably less in this group. CONCLUSIONS: In the light of biochemical markers and histopathological evaluations, it was observed that ethanol exposure caused a significant degeneration in the retinal tissue. It was found that Pycnogenol administration significantly reduced the destructive effects seen histopathologically. Biochemical results also coincided with other findings. It was concluded that ethanol-induced rethytosis can be prevented to a large extent by Pycnogenol administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionAxillary complete response (pCR) was observed in approximately half of breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) due to axillary positivity. Preventing axillary morbidity due to unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is extremely important for patients' quality of life. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) is a technique developed to improve axillary staging and reduce the false negative rate in sentinel lymph node biopsy.MethodsPatients with cN1-N2 (clinically node) breast cancer whose axillary lymph node metastasis was confirmed by biopsy and who received NAC marked with a clip were included in the study. Patients who achieved clinical response after systemic treatment underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with additional methods such as methylene blue guided dissection, skin marking for clip on lymph node (CLN) localization, and wire guided with imaging excision of the CLN. TAD and ALND pathology results were evaluated and analyzed with patient and tumor characteristics.Results83 patients who met the eligibility criterias for the study were examined retrospectively. 21 of the patients underwent TAD alone, and 62 patients underwent ALND after TAD. CLN rate was 98.8% in patients underwent only TAD and this rate was increased to 100% in patients underwent ALND after TAD. FNR in SLN, CLN, and TAD were 28.6%, 10.7%, and 3.6%, respectively.ConclusionTAD is a feasible and reliable surgical approach to detect axillary residual disease with a high success rate.

Toplumda devamlılık gösteren şiddet günümüzde yaygın olarak kadınlara yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu çalışma, Helin Palandöken cinayeti çerçevesince kadına yönelik şiddet olaylarında sosyal medyada nefret söyleminin yeniden üretimini incelemeye yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, toplumsal cinsiyet ve toplumsal cinsiyete yönelik kuramlar, Türk toplumunda toplumsal cinsiyetin dünü ve bugünü, kadına yönelik şiddet ile şiddeti ortaya çıkaran etmenler, sosyal medyada ötekileştirme ve nefret söyleminin yeniden üretimi ele alınmıştır. Örnek olay bağlamında sosyal medya platformlarında kullanıcıların oluşturduğu, herhangi bir denetimden geçmeyen içerikler toplumun şiddet olayına karşı tepkisini, kullanıcıların söylemleriyle olayı değerlendirme biçimlerini anlamak, bu doğrultuda ortaya çıkan nefretin sürece nasıl dâhil olduğunu belirlemek amacıyla içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Belirlenen tarih aralığında sosyal medya platformlarından Facebook, Instagram ve Twitter’da kullanıcıların yaptıkları yorumlardan elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, şiddet olayına tepki gösteren kullanıcıların şiddeti teşvik edici yorumlar yaptıkları, şiddetin kısır bir döngü içinde devam ettiği, platformların eril dilin, cinsiyetçi küfür dilinin ve nefret söyleminin üretildiği bir alana dönüştüğü, şiddet uygulayıcısının annesine yönelik olarak üretilen nefret söylemiyle yine bir kadının ötekileştirildiği ve cinsiyetçi nefret söyleminin yeniden üretildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Introduction:The study aimed to quantify the ionizing radiation exposure of patients with hematologic malignancy who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods:This was a retrospective evaluation of the adult patients who underwent allogeneic or autologous HSCT for hematologic malignities in a single center between January 2016 and September 2020. All radiological imaging procedures involving ionizing radiation screened study participants. The study period covered both the pre- and post-transplantation phases. A typical cumulative effective dose (CED) was used to calculate the exposed ionizing radiation in units of millisieverts (mSv).Results:A total of 120 patients (females 38.3%, mean age: 52.2±15.6 years) were included. Autologous HSCT was performed in 66 patients (55%), whereas 54 patients (45%) underwent allogeneic HSCT. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia comprised 53.7% and 31.5% of allogeneic HSCT, respectively. Autologous HSCT was mainly performed in patients with multiple myeloma (47%) and non-hodgkin lymphoma (34.8%). The median total CED was 11.85 mSv (interquartile range: 4.08-19.78). The median CED of allogeneic HSCT patients was significantly higher than that of the autologous HSCT group. The vast majority of the total CED (92.3%) comes from computed tomography imaging procedures. In the entire groups, 92 patients (76.7%) received a low dose (20-50 mSv) ionizing radiation.Conclusion:One-third of all HSCT patients received a moderate ionizing radiation dose. Allogeneic HSCT patients had significantly higher median CED than autologous counterparts.

Aim:DR-70 is a newly developed immunoassay that detects fibrin degradation products in blood. We aimed to evaluate ability of DR-70 in monitoring treatment response in advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.Materials and Methods:We prospectively enrolled patients with advanced GI cancers treated with different lines of systemic therapies. Imaging studies, DR-70 and conventional tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9] were analyzed at baseline and on the third month of treatment.Results:A total of 142 patients diagnosed with colorectal (52.1%), esophago-gastric (32.4%) and pancreaticobiliary cancer (15.5%) were enrolled. Most patients were getting first-line treatment (56.3%). Second blood sampling was performed in 57% of patients. Among patients with esophago-gastric cancer, DR-70 response correlated well with treatment response (p=0.007) and low baseline DR-70 level was significantly associated with longer overall survival (p=0.02). There was a positive but weak correlation between pre-treatment DR-70 and CEA levels (p=0.03, r=0.244) in patients with colorectal cancer, while a moderate positive correlation was present between pre-treatment DR-70 and CA 19-9 levels in esophago-gastric and pancreaticobiliary cancers (p=0.01, r=0.402 and p=0.04, r=0.515, respectively). More than 25% reduction in DR-70 concentration was associated with better overall and progression-free survival.Conclusion:DR-70 is a strong predictor of treatment response and survival, particularly in esophago-gastric cancer.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of clinical diabetes characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion because of environmental and genetic factors. The high risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women with GDM and the high risk of developing GDM in women with a family history of T2D suggests that both diseases may have the same genetic basis. Therefore, genes and risk variants associated with the genetic architecture of T2D are being investigated for their effects on the development of GDM. In this study, we aim to investigate ABCC8, TCF7L2, Adiponectin, IRS1, and PPARG genes, which are known as T2D risk genes, to understand the genetic basis of GDM in a Turkish population. Materials and Methods: In our study, 74 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM according to the American Diabetes Association criteria and 49 healthy pregnant women were included. DNA isolations were made from peripheral blood cells collected from pregnant women and regions of targeted genes were scanned by the Polimerase Chain Reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), which is an indicator of insulin resistance, was calculated for each individual in the biochemical examinations. The associations of genotypes detected in the target gene regions with the disease and their effects on the biochemical phenotypes were analyzed by establishing the dominant, recessive, and additive models along with calculating odd ratios. The P

Participation Banks refers to the organizations that operate with the principle of collecting funds and extending loans through special current and participation accounts and the branches in Turkey of such organizations established abroad. The main aim of this research is to shed light on which sectors are financed by participation banks. To accomplish this aim, data covering the 2015-2019 period is used in this research. State-funded participation banks such as Vakıf and Ziraat established in 2015 is the reason why authors examined the 2015-2019 period. Data was downloaded from the Participation Banks Association of Turkey website, and it is prepared at the end of 2019. In this study, situation analysis is used to show the development of participation banks and the sectors they finance. In this context, the growth in terms of the number of branches and personnel, the change in basic indicators, and the financed sectors' situation were determined in the examined period. Results show that participation banks have increased their role in the banking system. In addition, there is a relation between their growth and funding and fundraising levels. It is found that participation banks mainly finance construction sector which have an essential effect on the macroeconomic growth of the Turkish economy.

Renal artery occlusion and infarction following aortobifemoral bypass is extremely rare complication and its diagnosis is challenging. Early diagnosis and treatment of this pathology is critical. Herein, we present a 49-year-old male case who was operated for peripheral artery disease and in whom subtotal renal infarction developed in the postoperative fifth day. [Turk J Vasc Surg 2020; 29(2.000): 127-30]

Rutin (Vitamin P1) is an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid. This study examined the effect of rutin on the potential of cisplatin to cause oxidative and proinflammatory damage in blood serum, ureter, bladder and urethra in rats. Animals were divided into four groups: (i) healthy (HG), (ii) 50 mg/kg of rutin + 5 mg/kg of cisplatin (C + R50), (iii) 100 mg/kg of rutin + 5 mg/kg of cisplatin (C + R100) and (iv) only cisplatin (CG). Rutin and distilled water were applied once a day for eight days. Cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 5 mg/kg for eight days, once every two days. Finally, animals were sacrificed by high -dose anesthesia after blood samples were taken. Ureter, bladder and urethra tissues were removed and malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) interleukin beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured. The results showed that the levels of MDA, MPO, IL-1β and TNF-α in the blood serum of the CG group increased significantly (p 0.05).This suggests that cisplatin produces oxidative stress in the blood serum but not in the ureter, bladder and urethra tissues. It was observed that rutin prevented the cisplatin-related oxidative and proinflammatory damage in the blood serum.

Türk bankacılık sisteminde 2003-2010 yılları arasında yüzde 50’lerden yüzde 30’lara gerileyen yabancı para cinsi mevduat ve kredi kullanım oranı (dolarizasyon), 2011 senesi ortalarından itibaren bir yükseliş sürecine girmiştir. Aynı dönemde, Türk lirası (TL) ABD doları (Dolar) kur oynaklığının da paralel bir seyir izlediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada TL Dolar kur oynaklığını etkileyen dolarizasyon dâhil diğer faktörler, genelleştirilmiş ardışık koşullu dağınık oynaklık (GARCH) sınıfı modellerden uygun bir model olan EGARCH-M modeli kullanılmak suretiyle araştırılmıştır. Yapılan ekonometrik analizden elde edilen bulgular, bankacılık sitemindeki yabancı para kullanımının, özellikle kredi dolarizasyonun, koşullu kur oynaklığına yukarı yönlü etkisine; hisse senedi ve borç senedi piyasalarına olan kısa vadeli sermaye akımlarının da koşullu kur oynaklığına aşağı yönlü etkisine işaret etmektedir. Türk kamu borçlanma senedi temerrüt primlerindeki (CDS) yükseliş de kur oynaklığına yukarı yönlü etki ettiği de bulgular arasındadır. Koşullu kur oynaklığının kurda değer kaybına yol açtığı, mevduatlardaki TL Dolar faiz farkın artışın TL’nin değerlenmesine, kredilerdeki TL Dolar faiz farkındaki artışın TL’nin değer kaybına yol açtığı görülmektedir. Ekonomide negatif etkileri bilinen kur oynaklığının düşmesi için bankacılık sistemindeki yabancı para kullanım oranının azaltılması ve sermaye akımlarının teşviki gerekmektedir.

Bu calisma doviz kurlari ile ekonomik ve finansal degiskenler arasindaki dinamik iliskinin kurun temel degerine gore daha degerli ve az degerli olmasina bagli olarak nasil degistigini arastirmaktadir. Bu maksatla, kriz oncesi 1972-2009 yillari arasinda, doviz kuru,faiz orani ve enflasyon dinamikleri arasindaki iliskinin kurun daha degerli ve az degerli olmasina bagli olup olmadigini incelemek icin zamanla degisen gecis olasiliklarini kullanan MSVAR yontemi uygulanmistir. Riske uyarlanmis getirinin, para birimlerinin daha degerli veya az degerli olmasina neden olup olmadigini belirlemek icin, borc ve oz kaynak yatirimlarinin Sharpe oranlari kullanilarak daha degerli ve az degerli durumlar arasindaki gecisler saglanmistir. Bu model en fazla islem hacmine sahip olan, Amerikan Dolari ve 4 para birimi (AUD, CAD, JPY ve UKS) arasindaki ikili doviz kurlari icin uygulanmistir. Bu degiskenler arasindaki iliskinin daha degerli ve az degerli rejimler arasinda yon, buyukluk ve istatiksel anlamlilik acisindan degistigi belgelenmistir. Ayrica, riske uyarlanmis hisse senedi ve borc senedi getirilerinin kurlarin daha degerli olmasini ve az degerli olmasini etkiledigi gosterilmistir.

A67-year-old woman presented to the audiology clinic with a complaint of bilateral hearing loss over the past two years. Routine biochemical screening showed an alkaline phosphatase level of 381 U/L, and she was referred to our endocrinology unit. Her vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels, as well as thyroid, liver and kidney function test results, were within normal ranges. Cranial x-ray radiography showed an increase in the diploe distance and a sclerotic pattern in the calvarium; while whole body bone scintigraphy demonstrated a diffuse increase in radioactive substance involvement of the calvarium. Serum osteocalcin and spot urinary deoxypyridinoline levels were increased. The patient was diagnosed with Paget's disease with hearing loss as the first symptom, and she was started taking zoledronic acid treatment. Three months later, her alkaline phosphatase level had returned to the normal range, and audiologic examination showed a mild improvement in hearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı gestasyonel diabetes mellitus hastalarında ve sağlıklı gebelerde serum prokalsitonin düzeylerini karşılaştırmak ve prokalsitonin düzeyinin diğer metabolik parametreler ile ilişkisini değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Endokrinoloji Bilim Dalı polikliniğine başvuran 142 gebe çalışmaya dahil edildi. Oral glukoz tolerans testi sonuçlarına göre 57 gebeye gestasyonel diabet mellitus tanısı konuldu. 85 sağlıklı gebe ise kontrol grubuna dahil edildi. Serum analizi için tüm kan örnekleri bir gecelik açlık sonrası oral glukoz tolerans testi başlangıcında sabah 7:00 ve 8:00 saatleri arasında alındı.Bulgular: Gestasyonel diabet mellitus grubunda serum prokalsitonin düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Serum prokalsitonin düzeyi ile açlık glukozu ve oral glukoz tolerans testi 60. dakika glukoz düzeyleri arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon bulundu.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada gestasyonel diabet mellitus’lu gebelerde serum prokalsitonin düzeylerinin sağlıklı gebelere göre anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu ilk kez gösterilmiştir. Bu sonuç kronik düşük-dereceli inflamasyonun gestasyonel diabet mellitus patogenezinde önemli role sahip olduğu bilgisini desteklemektedir. Prokalsitonin düzeyi gestasyonel diabet mellitus hastalarında kronik düşük-dereceli inflamasyonun yeni bir biyobelirteci olarak düşünülebilir.

We recently encountered the case of an 18-year-old female complaining of abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, tremor of the hands, and vaginal bleeding. Her blood test revealed highly elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels, suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and increased free thyroid hormone levels. Molar pregnancy and hyperthyroidism were suspected based on highly elevated hCG levels and suppressed TSH levels with the co-existence of ultrasonographic findings of the uterus and thyroid Doppler images. Her symptoms and thyroid hormone levels responded well to plasmapheresis. Subsequently, the patient underwent dilatation and curettage for hydatidiform mole. Histopathology of the products verified the diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole with no invasion. The patient is currently stable, and her hCG and thyroid hormone levels are within normal reference ranges.

Dispeptik yakınmaların sık görülmesi nedeniyle diyabet hastaları reçeteli ya da reçetesiz olarak proton pompa inhibitörleri PPİ grubu ilaçları sık olarak kullanırlar. Farklı hastalıklar nedeniyle çeşitli ilaç gruplarının bir arada kullanılması, azalan sitokrom p450 enzim aktivitesi nedeniyle özellikle yaşlı hastalarda, ilaç-ilaç etkileşimi ve ilaç etkisinin değişmesi riskini artırmaktadır. Bu vaka sunumunda 82 yaşında diyabetik hastada omeprazol ve gliklazid ilaç etkileşimine bağlı gelişen hipoglisemi olgusu sunuldu

ABSTRACT The present study examined the effect of supplementing the diets of laying hens with Pistacia terebinthus seed meal on egg quality during different storage intervals. A total of 192 laying hens (Babcock) were divided into six groups, and each group was further divided into four subgroups with eight hens each. Pistacia terebinthus seed meal was added to the diets of laying hens in the experimental groups at a rate of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g kg−1 of feed. At the end of the study (56 days), a total of 288 eggs (48 eggs from each group) were collected randomly. Seventy-two eggs were analyzed on day zero of storage, while the other eggs were stored at a temperature of 4 °C. The remaining eggs were analyzed after 10, 20, and 30 days of storage. The result revealed that, at 30 days of storage, the supplementation of terebinthus had a significant effect on the Haugh unit on inclusion levels of 20 and 40 g kg−1. Likewise, the inclusion level of 30 g kg−1 manifested a significant impact on yolk color at 20 days of storage. Eggshell breaking strength and egg weight remained unaffected. Terebinthus seed could be used to extend the storage time of eggs without any adverse effect on egg quality.

The basic purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between environmental awareness, environmental attitude, curiosity and exploration in highly gifted students with structural equation modelling. The secondary aim was to compare highly gifted and non-gifted students’ environmental awareness, environmental attitude, curiosity and exploration levels. Participants were 311 (154 highly gifted, 157 non-gifted) secondary school students in Turkey who volunteered to take part in this study. All of the participants were either 13 or 14 years old, with a mean age of 13.77 years. For gathering data, Environmental Awareness Scale, Environmental Attitude Scale, Curiosity and Exploration-II were used. While analyzing the data, Pearson correlation analysis, independent samples t test, and structural equation model were used. According to the findings, highly gifted students’ environmental awareness, environmental attitude, curiosity and exploration scores were higher than non-gifted students’. Indices of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) indicated that the increase in the curiosity and exploration scores of the highly gifted children increased the environmental awareness; in this case, the environmental attitudes were affected positively.

In this article entitled "Is Alevism a philosophical religion?" has been given place to be exhibited inconsistencies and criticisms of efforts to base on first age materialism Alevism of Ismail Özmen and Esat Korkmaz. On the one hand, moreover, the ideas that Esat Korkmaz asserts that Alevism is a philosophical religion have been criticized, on the other hand idea whether a philosophical religion is possible has been analysed. The inconsistencies of this idea have been tried to be revealed; deflecting efforts from the natural channel Alevism andBektashism by benefiting from Esat Korkmaz's hegel dialectic have been criticized on the basis of written sources of Alevism, and inconsistencies carried on themself this efforts have been shown one by one

ÖZ: Sokak eylemleri; tüm dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de her geçen gün önemi gittikçe artan yapıdaki eylemlerdir. Bu tür eylemlere katılan bireyler çeşitli taleplerde bulunarak, seslerini duyurmaya ve kamuoyunda farkındalık oluşturmaya çalışır. Bu çalışmada da; ‘mitingler, basın açıklamaları, gösteri yürüyüşleri, oturma eylemleri ve cenaze karşılama etkinlikleri’ gibi başlıklar altında toplanan ve 2009-2013 yılları arasında Diyarbakır’da meydana gelen 2063 sokak eylemindeki ‘katılım’ ve ‘katılıma etki ettiği düşünülen faktörler’ incelenmiştir. Buna göre; eylem sayısı ile katılımcı sayısı arasında ters yönlü bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur yani zaman içerisinde gerçekleşen eylem sayıları artarken, bireylerin bu eylemlere katılım sayılarının azaldığı anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca; biyografik ve yapısal uygunluk, bireylerin içinde bulundukları ortamı değiştirebilme, belirli bir grupla özdeşleşebilme ve görüşünü ifade edebilme isteği ile sosyal ağlara katılma, siyasetle iştigal, eylemlere seçilmiş katılımı, eylemler için güçlü bir çağrı (davet) yapılması ve eylemlerin hafta sonu düzenlenmesi gibi faktörlerin yanı sıra eylem türünün de katılıma etki eden bir faktör olduğu bulunmuştur yani düzenlenen eylemin türü ile katılımcı sayısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu gözlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sokak Eylemleri, Miting, Basın Açıklaması, Yürüyüş, Oturma Eylemi ve Katılım. ABSTRACT: Protest events are activities and actions, which become more important every other day both in the world and in our country. Individuals try to voice their demands and raise awareness in public. In this study, participation and factors affecting participation are analyzed in 2063 social events which are grouped under headings, such as meetings, press releases, parades, sit-downs, and funerals happened in Diyarbakir in the years between 2009 and 2013. According to the results, there is a negative relationship between the number of events and participants over time. As the number of social events increase, the number of participants of the events decrease. Also, while it is found that biographic and structural availability, wish in changing conditions, being a part of a specific group, and conveying the opinions/feelings, involvement in networks and politics, presence of elected persons in the events, the mode of invitation, and timing of the events (weekends) have positive effects on participation, it is also observed that there is a significant relationship between the type of event and the number of participants. Keywords: Protest Event, Meeting, Press Release, Parade, Sit-Down and Participation.

Struma ovarii, tümör dokusunun yarısından fazlasını tiroid dokusunun oluşturduğu nadir görülen bir over tümörüdür. Çalışmalarda hastalığın %0.5-5 oranında malign transformasyonu saptanmıştır. Nadir görülen bir hastalık olmasından dolayı tanı ve tedavisinde kesin bir görüş birliği yoktur ve genel kabul edilen yaklaşım malign struma ovarii vakalarının tiroid kanseri gibi tedavi ve takip edilmesidir. Bu olgu sunumunda struma ovarii zemininde gelişen bir papiller mikrokarsinom vakasının tedavisi ve 1 yıllık takibini sunmayı amaçladık

Objective: Previous reports have suggested that the incidence of spina bifida occulta (SBO) in patients with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is higher than the general population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spina bifida occulta on the medical treatment outcome of PMNE. Material and Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2011, a total of 223 children (151 boys and 72 girls, aged 6-16 years; mean age: 10.1 ± 3.04 years) with PMNE were reviewed retrospectively. All of the children underwent physical examination, urine analysis, urinary tract ultrasonography and kidney ureter bladder (KUB) scout film. All patients were initially treated with a timed voiding program and were given desmopressin acetate when necessary. Results: Spina bifida occulta was detected in 75 children (33.6%). Spina bifida occulta affected L4 in 2 children, L5 in 6 children, L4-L5 in 3 children, S1 in 52 children, S2 in 7 children and S1-S2 in 2 children. Treatment was successful in 79% of the children without SBO, and in only 48% of the children with SBO. Medical treatment success rates differed significantly between the study groups. Conclusion: The presence of spina bifida occulta significantly affects the response to medical treatment in patients with PMNE. Thus, verifying spina bifida occulta status in PMNE can facilitate prognostic predictions about the response to medical treatment.

The use of statins may have unnatural effects. A 54-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with an incidental finding of hypercalcemia (10.8 mg/dL). There was no disease other than hyperlipidemia, and the patient had been on a course of atorvastatin calcium 10 mg for 1.5 years. A workup investigation to diagnose the cause of hypercalcemia was completed. The investigation did not reveal any pathological diseases that may have caused the hypercalcemia. The hypercalcemia resolved after atorvastatin- calcium was stopped, and the patient developed hypercalcemia shortly after the initiation of the atorvastatin calcium. Here, we report a clinical case of recurrent hypercalcemia possibly induced by atorvastatin calcium administration.

Primary testicular lymphoma, is a rare testis tumor that accounts for only less than 9% of all testis tumors. In the preoperative period, it is extremely difficult to distinguish this tumor from other testis tumors. Its diagnosis is done by histological analysis. Most commonly encountered histological type is diffuse large Bcell lymphoma. Adjuvant radiotheraphy and/or chemotheraphy is given after orchiectomy. Prognosis is worse than other testis tumors. Non-metastatic tumors indicates good prognosis within one year. Ongoing research in patients with primary testicular lymphoma, are on efficacy of adjuvant theraphies and preventive and cure effect on extranodal extension to central nervous system which is the most common site for recurrency. There are conflicting results because of the small number of patient size. Here we present two cases with primary testicular lymphoma at the ages 71 and 82.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes is defined as various degrees of glucose intolerance diagnosed or detected for the first time during pregnancy and is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are important to prevent complications. Preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, fetalmacrosomia, and operative delivery are some of the complications seen in pregnant women diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Aim: The present study was designed to determine whether there was an association between Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) in predicting poor fetal outcome, insulin resistance, neonatal Apgar scores and gestational age for women with GDM. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 101 pregnant women with GDM together with a group of 138 healthy controls. MPV, insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) values were measured at 24–28 weeks of the pregnancy. An independent samples t-test was used to compare MPV values. Multivariate linear regression models were used to establish relations between MPV values, HOMAIR, insulin levels and Apgar score. Results: There was a significant positive correlation between MPV values, HOMA-IR and Insulin levels and a negative correlation with Apgar score at 1 min and 5 min in the GDM group (r=0.227, p=0.02; r=0.206, p=0.03; r=-0.485, p8.0 fL had a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 75% for the prediction of GDM. Conclusion: We investigated the potential of MPV values in predicting low Apgar scores and insulin resistance in women with GDM.

Objective: To compare the cephalometric variables of obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥30) and non-obese (BMI

İskeletsel sınıf III malokluzyonlar, artmış mandibuler büyüme ve/veya maksillanın yetersiz gelişimine bağlı olarak oluşabilirler. Erken büyüme döneminde iskeletsel sınıf III malokluzyonlar ortodontik ve ortopedik apareylerle tedavi edilebilirler, ancak özellikle ağır olguların erişkin dönemde tedavilerinde ortognatik cerrahi kaçınılmazdır. Bu calışmada sunulan iskeletsel sınıf III malokluzyona sahip hastamızın temel şikayeti olumsuz yüz estetiği ve maksiller retruzyondur. Tedavi planı, iskeletsel sınıf III malokluzyonu düzelterek normal overbite ve overjet ilişkisini elde etmek, gömülü maksiller kanin dişi ototransplante etmek, stabil bir okluzal ilişkiyi sağlamak ve profil-yüz estetiğini düzeltmektir. Sabit Edgewise mekanikleri ile alt ve üst dental arkta seviyeleme, sıralama ve dekompenzasyonu takiben LeFort I osteotomi tekniği ile 5 mm maksiller ilerletme elde edilmistir. Gömülü maksiller dişin ototransplantasyonu gerçekleştirilmiş ve daha sonra kanin ve premolar dişlerin estetik restorayonu için protetik tedavi uygulanarak tedavi tamamlanmıştır

Eskiyeni: Osmanlı düşünce geleneği hakkında sürekli bir genelleme/itham yapılır. O da Osmanlı alim ve düşünürlerinin yeni bir tezlerinin olmadığı; kendilerinden öncekilerin tekrarından başka bir iş yapmadıkları, dolayısıyla yeni, özgün ve orijinal yönlerinin bulunmadığıdır. Öyleyse düşünce ve tefekkürden uzak sürekli şerh ve haşiye içerisinde olduğu iddia edilen Osmanlı Devleti nasıl bir cihan devleti oldu?

OBJECTIVES: As the choice of suprastructure alloy to be combined with titanium for the oral cavity is still a much debated issue, the aim of this study was to investigate the electrochemical interaction of the suprastructure/implant couples under the determined experiment conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The potentiodynamic polarization curves and open-circuit potentials (OCP) of four UCLA type suprastructures coupled with straight Swiss Plus implant fixtures were taken in Afnor type artificial saliva solution at 37°C. The concentration of ions leached into artificial saliva solutions was estimated with ICP-MS. SEM images of the margins of suprastructure/implant couples were obtained before and after the electrochemical tests. RESULTS: The OCP value of titanium became passive at the most negative potential. The lowest difference between the initial and constant OCP value was exhibited by the Au based suprastructure. Suprastructures made greater contributions to the potentiodynamic polarization curves of the implant/suprastructure couples. According to the ICP-MS results, Pd based and Au based couples dissolved less than Co-Ni based and Co-Cr based couples. CONCLUSIONS: Within the conditions this study, it may be concluded that the titanium implant forms a stable passive oxide layer in artificial saliva exposed to open air and does not affect the corrosion properties of the suprastructures. Pd based and Au based couples have been found to be more corrosion-resistant than base alloy couples.

Purpose:To determine the aff ecting anxiety factors experienced by women who visited the hospital owing to complaints concerning their breasts and the eff ect of a conclusive diagnosis upon this anxiety.Patients and Methods:The 112 female patients with breast complaints included in this study. After examinations were conducted, detailed information regarding this study was provided to the patients. Measures of anxiety were ascertained by using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-TÖ). After a conclusive diagnosis was made and patient were informs about their medical conditions, the Hamilton Anxiety Measure was re-administered to 108 of the patients (HAM-TS.)Results:The mean HAM-TÖ and HAM-TS scores were 7.75 and 6.84, respectively. A signifi cant decreasing (p

The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common congenitally absent tooth. There are several treatment options for replacing the missing maxillary lateral incisor, including canine substitution, tooth-supported restoration, or single-tooth implant. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing missing maxillary lateral incisor teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report presents the treatment of a patient with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors using dental implants with angled abutments.

Functional treatment is one of the most effective treatment methods for the correction of skeletal deviations of individuals who has a growth potential. When Class II deep-bite is treated in late growth period with molar extrusion, relapse commonly occurs under masticatory pressure. However, as the early treatment provides better muscular adaptation, risk of relapse decreases in deep-bite individuals. Our patient was a girl who had a 10 year 1 month years old chronological and 10 year 6 month skeletal age and in MP3= period according to hand wrist film. In the clinical examination a convex profile, Class II molar and canine relationship and a traumatic deep-bite was recorded. Overbite and overjet were 9 mm and 5 mm respectively. Freeway space was 2 mm. In radiological examination it was observed that she was in mixed dentition. Maxillary and mandibular dental arch crowdings were 0 mm and 3.5 mm, respectively The twin-block appliance was applied for the correction of mandibular retrog-nathism. Twin-block treatment phase was 10 months. After functional treatment phase the patient underwent fixed Edgewise orthodontic treatment. The fixed orthodontic treatment phase was 8 months. By the combination of the functional treatment with twin-block appliance and fixed orthodontic treatment an ideal maxil-lomandibular relationship, normal overbite and overjet and a harmonious profile were achieved.