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In spite of advances in surgical techniques, the significance of anastomosis leak continues in colorectal surgery. There is no ideal method in spite of all studies and technical advances in this field. Our aim of this study was to use fibroblast growth factor collagen (FGF-C) and antibiotic collagen (AB-C) to increase the rate of anastomosis healing in experimental animals with peritonitis. This animal experimental study received ethics committee approval. The animals were divided into three groups of seven animals each; the first group was control, the second group was the fibroblast growth factor collagen group, and the third group was the antibiotic collagen group. Under anesthesia, more than 50% of the colonic lumen was opened 4–5 cm distal to the ileocecal junction to create a defect. Twenty-four hours later, primary anastomosis was performed. The second group had the anastomosis line covered with a cover containing FGF-C. The third group had the anastomosis line covered by material containing AB-C. The experiment was concluded on the postoperative 7th day, and the anastomosis burst pressure, tissue hydroxyproline level, and histopathological assessment were performed. Though the burst pressure was higher in the experimental groups, it was not statistically significant. In the second and third groups, vascular proliferation and fibroblastic activity appeared to be better than in the control group. Hydroxyproline values were statistically significant in the experimental groups compared to the control group. FGF-C and AB-C may have potential utility in anastomosis healing, especially in those susceptible to infection due to anastomosis leak.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) occurs as a result of abnormal proliferation of plasma cells outside the bone marrow. Breast plasmacytomas are rare. Radiologically, they can be confused with benign and malignant lesions of the breast. It is important to be able to diagnose EMP in the breast since the treatment strategy is different from that of other lesions and allows for the diagnosis and early treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) relapse. We report imaging and clinicopathological findings of an EMP case in which a 65-year-old patient with MM in remission presented with breast masses.Ekstramedüller plazmositom (EMP), plazma hücrelerinin kemik iliği dışında anormal proliferasyonu sonucu meydana gelir. Meme plazmositomu nadir görülür. Radyolojik olarak memenin benign ve malign lezyonlarıyla karışabilmektedir. Memede EMP tanısını koyabilmek önemlidir, çünkü diğer lezyonlarla tedavi stratejisi farklıdır ve multipl miyelom (MM) relapsının tanınıp erken tedavisine olanak sağlar. Bu yazıda 65 yaşında MM tanılı hastanın meme lezyonuyla prezente olduğu EMP olgusunun görüntüleme ve klinikopatolojik bulguları sunulmuştur.

The molecular pathways involved in the development of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cancer are not completely known. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a cytosolic enzyme associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in a variety of cancers. Its role in vulvar cancer has not been studied, previously. Vulvar SCC, high and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and benign squamous hyperplasia were analysed immunohistochemically. The mean staining score for vulvar SCC was significantly higher than the score for vulvar squamous hyperplasia (

Introduction: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a well-known causative pathogen of cervical cancer. The distribution of HPV prevalence and genotypes differ between regions. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and genotype distribution among patients with cervical cytology. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,571 women aged 17-91 years who presented to the department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic of our hospital, between January 1, 2017, and July 30, 2019, were included. Samples were collected for cytology and transported to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory for HPV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) test. Cervical specimens were investigated for the presence of hrHPV and genotyping of HPV using a commercial kit (Nuclear Laser Medicine S.r.l., Milano, Italy) by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Simultaneously, cytological examination was performed using conventional (Papanicolaou) method and interpreted according to the Bethesda system. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Of the 1,571 women with a mean age of 39.98 (±10.17) years, HPV DNA was negative in 972 (61.9%) patients, while 599 (38.1%) patients were positive for hrHPV. No significant difference was found between age groups in terms of HPV positivity (p=0.18). The most common hrHPV types detected were HPV16 (28.5%), HPV68 (18.7%), HPV51 (15.5%), HPV39 (15.4%), and HPV31 (13.4%), in descending order. Single HPV infections were found in 61.4% (368/599), while infections with multiple HPV genotypes were detected in 38.6% (231/599) of all cases. Conclusion: This study indicated that HPV infection is more prevalent than expected among women living in the central part of Turkey. Additionally, the high prevalence of non-vaccinable genotypes should be considered a regional difference, and the use of this knowledge for guidance in the selection and development prophylactic vaccines may lead to successful broader prevention.

WOS:000449352600003, Introduction: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), also known as Ritter’s Disease, is a severe disease seen mostly in newborns and children aged 5 years, and the mortality rate might reach to 4% despite an appropriate treatment. Exfoliative toxins cause intraepidermal separation in the stratum granulosum and lead to a condition that is characterized with widespread epidermolysis all over the body and bullae with positive Nikolsky’s sign. SSSS might be fatal due to loss of skin barrier. Immediate initiation of an anti-staphylococcal drug therapy is required for the treatment of this toxin-dependent disease, which is one of the emergencies of dermatology practices. Case Report: A 1-year-old boy was referred to a dermatology clinic from pediatric emergency service with widespread epidermolysis all over the body, including erosion and bullous formation that had been appeared in the inguinal region. SSSS was suspected in this case, and skin biopsy was performed to confirm the diagnosis. He was hospitalized in the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Service, and treatment comprising intravenous administration of (i.v.) vancomycin (40 mg/kg/day) and 3 gIVIG ( intravenous immunoglobulin) was initiated. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus, a rather rare agent of otitis media, is remarkable in terms of causing the complication of SSSS, which is very rare. In our case report, we aimed to remark to this rare condition (association of otitis media and SSSS). Keywords: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, Staphylococcus aureus, otitis media.

WOS:000437821200002, Social media (SoMe) is an interactive communication type that uses computers (smart phone, tablet, notebook) and internet based technologies. With SoMe, ideas, videos, pictures and files can be easily shared; instant communication and cooperation can be installed with people in distant places. Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and Youtube are highly efficient SoMe tools for information sharing. These sharings can be national or international level. In recent years, SoMe tools have provided quite good opportunities for communication between colleagues on behalf to increase patient-physician communication as well as vocational education and skills in medicine. Because, to reach big centers and experienced trainers for a good education is mostly difficult and labored due to time, cost and language problems. However, thanks to SoMe tools, this problem can be partially solved. Dermatology and dermatopathology are the most appropriate medical fields where these tools can be used for visual education. In this article, we wanted to share the clues by making the awareness that SoMe tools can provide positive contributions to vocational education and communication, and by emphasizing the importance of the use of SoMe tools in increasing the experience of practitioners in dermatology and dermatopathology education and practice in these fields., Sosyal medya (SoMe); bilgisayarlar (akıllı telefon, tablet, notebook) ve internet tabanlı teknolojileri kullanan interaktif bir iletişim şeklidir. SoMe ile fikir, video, resim ve dosyalar kolayca paylaşılabilir; uzak mesafelerdeki insanlarla anında iletişim ve iş birliği kurulabilir. Twitter, Facebook, Instagram ve Youtube bilgi paylaşımı için oldukça etkin SoMe araçlarıdır. Buralardaki paylaşımlar, ulusal ya da uluslararası düzeyde olabilir. Son yıllarda SoMe araçları, hasta-hekim iletişimi yanı sıra, tıp alanında mesleki eğitim ve becerilerin artırılması adına meslektaşlar arasında iletişim için oldukça güzel fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Çünkü, iyi bir eğitim için büyük merkezlere ve deneyimli eğiticilere ulaşmak zaman, maliyet ve dil problemleri nedeniyle çoğu zaman zor ve zahmetlidir. Ancak SoME araçları sayesinde bu sorun kısmen çözülebilmektedir. Dermatoloji ve dermatopatoloji ise görsel temelli eğitim için bu araçların en uygun kullanılabileceği tıbbi alanlardandır. Bu makalede, SoMe araçlarının mesleki eğitim ve iletişim için olumlu katkılar sağlayabildiğinin farkındalığını oluşturmak, bu alanlarda çalışan hekimlerin dermatoloji ve dermatopatoloji eğitim ve pratiği konusunda deneyimlerinin artırılmasında SoME araçlarının kullanımının öneminden bahsederek ipuçlarını paylaşmak istedik.

Amac: Konjonktiva; cesitli neoplastik yada nonneoplastik lezyonlarin gelisebilecegi bir bolgedir. Bu calismada amac konjonktival lezyonlarin histopatolojik olarak analizini yapmak ve prevalansini tespit etmektir. Gerecler ve yontem: 2009-2019 yillari arasinda patoloji laboratuarina gelen 401 olguya ait konjonktiva biyopsileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Olgular histopatolojik olarak nonneoplastik ve neoplastik lezyonlar olarak 2 gruba ayrildi. Neoplastik lezyonlar benign, premalign ve malign lezyonlar olarak alt gruplara bolundu. Lezyonlarin gorulme oranlari ile gruplara gore yas ve cinsiyet dagilimi analiz edildi. Bulgular: 401 olguya ait serimizde yas ortalamasi 49.89±21.75 olup olgularin 209 (%52.1) u erkek, 192 (%47.9) i kadin idi. 296 (%73.8) olguda nonneoplastik,105 (%26.2) olguda neoplastik lezyon tespit edildi. Nonneoplastik lezyonlarda yas ortalamasi 50.79±19.34, neoplastik lezyonlarda ise 47.34±27.39 idi. Neoplastik lezyonlardan 64’u (% 60.2) benign, 17’si (%16.2) premalign, 24’u (%22.6) malign idi. Pterygium (n:220; %54.78) en sik gorulen nonneoplastik lezyon, nevusler ve diger pigmente lezyonlar (n:38; %9.5) en sik gorulen benign lezyon, skuamoz hucreli karsinom (n:14; %3.5) ise en sik gorulen malign lezyon olarak tespit edildi. Neoplastik lezyonlarin gorulme sikligi 45 yas uzerinde anlamli olarak artmakta idi (p

Aim: Gallbladder cancer is an uncommon, but aggressive tumor. Its prognosis is poor and the most cases are incidentally detected in histopathological examinations of cholecystectomies due to benign diseases. With the era of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the number of cases detected in early stage is increasing. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the rate of cancer encountered and the distribution of non-cancer diagnoses in cholecystectomy materials sent to our department, together with the literature findings. Materials and Methods: The results of the cholecystectomy materials sent to the pathology laboratory and examined routinely in 2016-2017 were retrospectively evaluated by forming diagnostic groups. Clinical preliminary diagnoses, demographic informations (age, sex), and pathology reports of the patients were reviewed. Results: We included a total of 1000 cholecystectomy materials into the study. Two of the 7 patients who presented with malignancy were incidentally diagnosed and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the preliminary diagnosis of cholelithiasis, with the primary focus was gallbladder in one patient, and the other was compatible with colonic adenocarcinoma infiltration. Preoperative and / or perioperative malignancy was detected in the remaining 5 patients. A large proportion (> 90%) of the other cases had chronic or chronic active cholecystitis and low rate of acute cholecystitis included gastric heterotopia found in 2 (0.2%), tubular adenoma in 1 (0.1%), tubulovillous adenoma in 1 (0.1%), adenomyoma / adenomyomatosis in 4 (0.4%), polyp in 6 (0,6%) and dysplasia (Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, BilIN) in 5 (0.5%) patients. Conclusion: We think that the incidental rate of 0.1% is not low for a poorly prognostic tumor that remains silent until progressing to late stages. Especially fundus, neck and lateral walls should be sampled for histopathological evaluation, even if there is no macroscopically evident lesion.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects that the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) following tendon repair have on the strength and healing of the tendon and also to examine the possible mechanisms of action that take place.The Achilles tendons of 80 rats were repaired and divided into eight groups. Following the repairs, MSCs obtained from humans were injected into the rat tendons in groups 1 and 2, a combination of MSCs from humans and PRP from rats was injected into the tendons in groups 3 and 4, and PRP from rats was injected into the tendons in groups 5 and 6. These procedures all took place simultaneously. Groups 7 and 8 did not receive any injections following the repairs. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the first and second months following the procedures, and biomechanical and histopathological analyses were performed.Inflammatory cell density increased most significantly in the combined group when compared to the first and second months. T he fibroblast density on the tendon repair region was significantly lower in the second-months groups of each intervention compared to their first-month groups (p = 0.001). For the analysis of the maximum tensile breaking force, the behaviors of the groups over time were significant when compared to the control groups (p = 0.0015). Also, the mean maximum breaking force in the combined group was statistically significantly higher at the end of the second month than at the end of the first month (p = 0.0008).

Oral mukoza hastalıkları aile hekimleri, diş hekimleri, dermatologlar, kulak burun boğaz uzmanları gibi pek çok bölümü ilgilendirmektedir. Coğrafik stomatit, hafifçe kabarık, yuvarlak, beyazımsı iyi sınırları olan eritematöz lezyonlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Coğrafik stomatit etiyopatogenezi bilinmemektedir. Literatürde sınırlı sayıda coğrafik stomatit vakası bulunmaktadır ve gerçek insidansın daha yüksek olduğu düşünülmektedir. Eroziv liken planus, pemfigus vulgaris, aftöz stomatit, travmatik stomatit ve kontakt dermatit ayırıcı tanıdaki hastalıklardır. Lezyonlar sadece dil üzerinde bulunduğunda, coğrafik dil olarak adlandırılır. Burada, histolojik incelemesi pemfigus vulgarisi taklit eden bir coğrafik stomatit olgusu sunulmaktadır., Oral mucosal diseases are concerns to specialists across multiple disciplines, such as family physicians, dentists, dermatologists, and rhinolaryngologists. Geographic stomatitis is defined as slightly raised, round, erythematous lesions that are restricted by well-defined whitish borders. The etiopathogenesis of this condition is unknown. There is a limited number of geographical stomatitis case in literature and it is thought that the real incidence is higher. Erosive lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, aphthous stomatitis, traumatic stomatitis, and contact dermatitis are the differential diagnosis of this condition. When lesions are found only on the tongue, the lesion is defined as geographic tongue. Herein, we present a case of geographic stomatitis, resembling pemphigus vulgaris histologically.

Systemic Mastocytosis (SM) is one of the subtypes of mast cell disorders. Patients with SM suffer from flushing, abdominal cramps and hypotension. It may also cause unexplained and recurrent anaphylactic episodes sometimes. The secretion of mediators can be triggered by various factors. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are extensively used for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties, and they are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the world. On the other hand, they may cause a group of adverse reactions, ranging from mild reactions like gastritis to life-threatening allergic reactions like anaphylaxis. In this paper, we report a patient who had multiple severe adverse reactions against NSAIDs and was referred to our clinic to find a safe alternative NSAID. She was eventually diagnosed with Indolent SM (ISM) when she was evaluated with all of her systemic complaints and symptoms.

Objective: Urticarial vasculitis is a chronic clinicopathologic entity characterized by clinically characterized urticarial rash, histopathologicallycharacterized by leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The pathogenesis is thought to be developed by a type III hypersensitivity reaction similar toleukocytoclastic vasculitis.Methods: Antihistamines and/or corticosteroids (systemic/local) may be used in patients with limited normocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis.In the literature, severe cases treated with dapsone, colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, pentoxifylline, omalizumab, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab,cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cyclophosphamide have been reported in the case reports.Results: In this case, the patient, whose symptoms had not previously responded to treatment with antihistamines, steroids, cyclosporine, andomalizumab, responded to treatment with methotrexate.Conclusion: This case report recommends that methotrexate therapy may be a treatment option for cases of resistant urticarial vasculitis.

Pseudolymphoma, also known as Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltration, is a benign but usually chronic, T-cell infiltrating diseasewith erythematous papules and plaques usually seen on the skin of the face, neck, and back. The use of leech therapy also knownas hirudotherapy has increased in recent years. Here, we report a 52-year-old male patient who had undergone hirudotherapy inhis neck and developed infiltrating plaques after four months. A skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Jessner’s lymphocyticinfiltration. In parallel with the increasing use of hirudotherapy in recent years, the side-effect reports will likely to increase.Indications and contraindications of hirudotherapy, which is being used officially in hospitals, should be taken into consideration., Psödolenfoma diğer adıyla Jessner’in lenfositik infiltrasyonu; genellikle yüz, boyun ve sırtta görülebilen, eritematöz papül veplaklarla seyreden, derinin benign; ancak genellikle kronik, enfiltratif bir T-hücre hastalığıdır. Hirudoterapi olarak da bilinensülüklerle tedavinin kullanımı son yıllarda giderek artmaya başlamıştır. Bu yazıda, dört ay önce boynuna hirudoterapi yaptırmışve sonrasında enfiltratif plaklar gelişmiş 52 yaşında bir erkek olgu bildiriyoruz. Deri biyopsisi ile Jessner’in lenfositik infiltrasyonutanısı doğrulanmıştır. Son yıllarda giderek artan kullanıma paralel olarak hirudoterapinin yan etki bildirimlerinin artacağımuhtemeldir. Hastanelerde de resmi olarak kullanılmaya başlanan hirudoterapinin endikasyonları ve kontrendikasyonları gözönünde tutulmalıdır.

WOS:000462167400013, PubMed ID: 30459136, Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a type of drug reaction characterized by localized erythema, hyperpigmentation, and bullous at the samesite(s), generally observed following every intake of a causative drug. Delayed-type cellular hypersensitivity (Type IVC) is considered toplay a role in FDE etiology. Several antibiotics, barbiturates, oral contraceptives, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, laxative-containing phenolphthalein, metronidazole, and quinine are known to be the primary drugs responsible for FDE. Bullous FDE, on the otherhand, is a relatively rare form of FDE. Hepatitis B is a significant worldwide health problem, and entecavir is a common nucleoside(deoxyguanosine) analog used for treating hepatitis B; however, it has various side effects, such as lactic acidosis, myalgia, azotemia,hypophosphatemia, headache, diarrhea, pancreatitis, and neuropathy, and, in rare cases, cutaneous drug eruption. Our aim is to presenta case of entecavir-associated bullous drug reaction, which has not been reported in the literature. Furthermore, we performed a reviewof literature to compile previously reported entecavir-associated drug reactions.

Papular mucinosis (PM) (lichen myxoedematosus) is a unique, chronic idiopathic disease characterized by lichenoid papules or nodules due todermal mucin deposition and a variable degree of fibrosis. PM is a quite rare disease of unknown etiology, with fewer than one hundred andfifty cases reported. In this paper, we present two cases of PM with no associated monoclonal gammopathy in two male patients aged 75 and38 years, for its rare occurrence in the literature., Papüler müsinozis (PM) (liken miksödematozis) likenoid papüller ve nodüller, dermal müsin birikimi ve değişken derecedeki fibrozis ile karakterizederinin oldukça nadir, kronik ve idiyopatik bir hastalığıdır. PM etiyolojisi bilinmeyen, literatürde yüz elli olgudan daha az bildirilmiş olan, oldukçanadir görülen bir hastalıktır. Literatürde seyrek görülmesi nedeniyle ek bir hastalıkla ilişkili olmayan iki PM olgumuzu sunmak istedik. Burada, 75ve 38 yaşında iki erkek PM’li hasta monoklonal gammopati olmaksızın nadir olarak görüldüğünden dolayı sunulmaktadır.

OBJECTIVE: The clinical feature of breast cancer is very heterogeneous because of the variable prognostic factors impact its behaviour. The aim of study is to find the prognostic importance of Ki-67 and to analyse the correlation between Ki-67 index and the other conventional prognostic factors in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2010 and 2017, patients with invasive ductal carcinoma who received radiotherapy after surgery were included in study. A single pathologist re-defined of all cases retrospectively. Ki-67 were established three categories based on Ki-67 levels: low (25%). RESULTS: A total of 258 patients were included. 46 of 258 (18%) patients were in low, 82 of 258 (32%) patients were in intermediate and 130 of 258 (50%) patients were in high Ki-67 group. There were no correlations between menopausal status, age, and Ki-67 level. Low-pT stages tended to have low Ki-67 expression (p=0.07). Low-pN stages correlated with low Ki-67 values (p=0.007). Patients with ECE (+) were prone to have higher Ki-67 values (p=0.02). The significant correlation was seen between Ki-67 and tumour grading (p=

Soliterfibröz tümörler (SFT), genellikle plevra yerleşimli, nadir görülen spindle hücreli neoplazmlardır. Fakat bu tümörler ekstraplevral bölgelerde de nadir olarak görülebilirler. Ürogenital lokalizasyon ise oldukça nadirdir. Biz, ürogenital yerleşimli 2 olgu sunacağız. İlk olgumuz, 33yaşında erkek hastada ürogenital sistemde mesane yerleşimli, ikinci olgumuz ise 49 yaşında bayan hastada böbrekte perirenal yağ doku yerleşimlidir. Her iki olguda da tümör iyi sınırlı olup, spindle hücrelerden oluşmakta idi. Bu tümörler immünhistokimyasal olarak CD-34, BCL-2 ve CD-99 ile pozitif, sitokeratin, CD-117, S-100 ve kas markerları ile negatif ekspresyon göstermekte idi. %90 olgu benign seyirli olup, immünhistokimyasal çalışmalar tanıda anahtar rol oynamaktadır., A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon spindle cell neoplasm that usually occurs in the pleura, but may occur in extrapleural sites. Its occurrence in the urogenital system is rare. We report a two cases arising in the urogenital system. The first case, 33-year-old male patient bladder located in the urogenital system, while the second case is a 49-year- old female patient with kidney perirenal fat tissue localization. In the two cases the tumor was well-circumscribed and composed of a spindle cells. Immunohistochemical studies revealed reactivity for CD34, CD99, and Bcl-2 protein, with no staining for keratin or muscle markers, confirming the diagnosis. This tumors are benign in up to 90% of cases. The immunohistochemical study is the key to diagnosis.

Background: Pathological inflammatory syndromes of unknown etiology are commonly observed in ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Artemis deficiency. Similar inflammatory manifestations also exist in patients with STING-associated vasculopathy in infancy (SAVI). Objective: We sought to test the hypothesis that the inflammation-associated manifestations observed in patients with AT and Artemis deficiency stem from increased type I IFN signature leading to neutrophil-mediated pathological damage. Methods: Cytokine/protein signatures were determined by ELISA, cytometric bead array, or quantitative PCR. Stat1 phosphorylation levels were determined by flow cytometry. DNA species accumulating in the cytosol of patients' cells were quantified microscopically and flow cytometrically. Propensity of isolated polymorhonuclear granulocytes to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) was determined using fluorescence microscopy and picogreen assay. Neutrophil reactive oxygen species levels and mitochondrial stress were assayed using fluorogenic probes, microscopy, and flow cytometry. Results: Type I and III IFN signatures were elevated in plasma and peripheral blood cells of patients with AT, Artemis deficiency, and SAVI. Chronic IFN production stemmed from the accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm of AT and Artemis-deficient cells. Neutrophils isolated from patients spontaneously produced NETs and displayed indicators of oxidative and mitochondrial stress, supportive of their NETotic tendencies. A similar phenomenon was also observed in neutrophils from healthy controls exposed to patient plasma samples or exogeneous IFN-α. Conclusions: Type I IFN-mediated neutrophil activation and NET formation may contribute to inflammatory manifestations observed in patients with AT, Artemis deficiency, and SAVI. Thus, neutrophils represent a promising target to manage inflammatory syndromes in diseases with active type I IFN signature. © 2017 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

Adenocarcinomas account for 10–20% of invasive cervical carcinomas. The villoglandular papillary adenocarcinoma has been recognized as a subtype of mucinous adenocarcinoma and identified as a distinctive histological entity from the usual invasive adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix. We report a new case of villoglandulary papillary adenocarcinoma, which was peculiar because of its association with a co-existing high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and arising from an endocervical polyp. Excellent prognosis of isolated villoglandulary papillary adenocarcinoma is important in terms of making differential diagnosis from other adenocarcinomas and eliminating unnecessary aggressive treatments. It is also important to keep in mind for pathologists since it allows them to examine endocervical polyps that we often encounter in daily life and shows that malignant tumoral lesions can develop from polyps.

Aim To evaluate and compare the expression of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) in primary and secondary glioblastoma samples. Material and methods Surgically resected human glioblastoma samples from 40 patients who underwent surgery at our institution were extracted from their histopathological specimens and divided into three groups. Ten histopathologically regular cerebral tissue samples, acquired from the non-neoplastic portion of the specimens, were assigned as the control group. Twenty specimens that included tumoral tissue from each type of glioblastoma (WHO grade IV, primary and secondary) were assigned as the primary and secondary glioblastoma groups. TrxR1 expression was analyzed by using both quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Ki-67 proliferative index and apoptosis were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The differences between the groups were statistically compared and the correlation between these parameters was analyzed. Results The expressions of TrxR1 and Ki-67 values were significantly higher in primary glioblastoma. IDH1 mutation was significantly higher in secondary glioblastoma. TrxR1 expression was found to be highly correlated with the Ki-67 index. The apoptotic index was similar between primary and secondary glioblastoma. Conclusion This study showed a high TrxR1 expression in primary glioblastoma which could indicate a role of the Trx system in promoting the malignant progression by some complex processes.

Pilomyxoid astrocytomas are type of tumors rarely seen in the central nervous system as a variant of pilocytic astrocytoma. They are often localized in hypothalamic-chiasmatic area and seen in early childhood. They exhibit different histological characteristics and more aggressive behaviors compared to pilocytic astrocytomas. Although cases with malignant transformation were reported in pilocytic astrocytomas, no pilomyxoid astrocytoma patients was reported with malignant transformation. We have presented a pilomyxoid astrocytoma patient, since it is rarely seen in adulthood and shows malignant transformation histopathologically.

Erythema dyscromicum perstans (EDP) or Ashy dermatosis is an uncommon pigmentary disorders which characterized with asymptomatic gray symmetric confluent macules over the body. It usually starts between first to three decades of the life and has a slow onset. This ailment can affect the palms, soles, scalp, nails and mucous membranes. Despite the definition of some etiological factors, the exact etiology of EDP is not clear. In this paper, we present a 24 years old patient with EDP.

Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease and includes two classical forms. These forms are Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and Pemphigus foliaceus (PF). These two subtypes of the disease are related with different auto-antibodies and show different clinical features. Rare cases of simultaneous presence of PV and PF have been presented in the literature. Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old woman who developed PV and PF lesions at the same time.

Background and Aims: Surgical removal of impacted teeth is a common operation in oral surgery. Thus, pathological potential of impacted third molars is extensively studied. However, many of those studies based on data collected from analysis of radiographs only. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the follicles of symptomatic and asymptomatic impacted third molars histopathologically for a number of characteristics.Materials and Methods: Records of the patients who had been previously operated for impacted third molars were reviewed. Eighty‑three patients were selected and divided into two groups, clinically symptomatic and clinically asymptomatic. None of the patients had a radiographic pericoronal radiolucency of wider than 2.5 mm. Histopathological samples of the patients were obtained and re‑examined by two pathologists. Two groups were statistically compared for 12 histological parameters.Results: Eleven of the 12 parameters had statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), whereas one parameter (odontogenic remnants) was found not to be significantly different between the groups.Conclusion: A delay in impacted third molar surgery can lead to further pathological changes in dental follicles and can increase severity of the inflammation. Moreover, dimensions of the pericoronal radiolucency may not provide a correct interpretation of the pathological changes in the region.Keywords: Dental sac, impacted tooth, inflammation, oral surgery, third molar

The present study was designed to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with and without intratumoral hemorrhage. Surgically resected human GBM samples from 20 patients who underwent surgery at our institute were extracted from the histopathological specimens and divided into two groups. A total of 10 samples from each type of GBM (World Health Organization grade IV, intratumoral hemorrhage-positive or -negative) were included in each group. VEGF, bFGF and TrxR1 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and the results were compared between groups. VEGF and bFGF immunoreactivity was significantly higher in GBMs containing intratumoral hemorrhage. Furthermore, VEGF, bFGF and TrxR1 immunointensity was significantly higher in GBMs containing intratumoral hemorrhage. Thus, the present study demonstrated a higher VEGF, bFGF and TrxR1 expression in GBMs contain intratumoral hemorrhage, indicatiogn a role of VEGF, bFGF and TrxR1 expression in the promotion of tumoral angiogenesis and tumoral growth by complex mechanisms that require further elucidation.

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor characterized by uniform spindle cells arranged in a reticular growth pattern in abundant myxoid stoma. Although originally believed to be a variant of chondrosarcoma, the World Health organization has classified it as a tumor of uncertain differentiation due to its lack of cartilaginous differentiation. A-79-year-old-male patient was operated with the complaints of the arm mass for 6-7 years and total excision performed. Histppathological investigation of the tumor showed oval and spindle uniform cells which were created cords and pseudoacini in myxoid stroma. This rare case was presented with it’s pathological features.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the histopathologic changes in ureteral walls (UWs) in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Methods: Twenty ureteral specimens taken from children were divided into 2 groups, refluxing (R) and control (C) groups, each containing 10 specimens. Wall thickness of the ureter, tunica muscularis of the ureter, mucosal thickness of the ureter (uroepithelium), collagen thickness of the ureter, mucosal change, and inflammation were evaluated in resected distal UWs in children with VUR. Results: The mean wall thickness of the ureter, mean tunica muscularis of the ureter, and mean uroepithelium values of the UWs in the R group were not significantly lower compared to those in the C group. Collagen thickness values in the R group were significantly lower than those in the C group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that wall thickness (tunica muscularis and uroepithelium) was not significantly decreased, but collagen thickness of the ureter was decreased in the UWs of children with VUR.

Background/Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the histopathologic changes in the ureter wall in experimental urinary bladder hypoplasia and agenesis. Methods: Timed pregnant rats were randomly divided and received intraperitoneal Adriamycin (ADR) at 2 mg/kg on gestational days (GD) 6 to 9 (ADR group) and saline at 2 mL/kg on GD 6 to 9 (SF group). The control (C) group did not receive any medication in their pregnancy. Fetuses were harvested near term on GD 21 and dissected under a dissecting microscope and examined for urinary system abnormalities. Results: Diameter of ureter lumen was significantly increased, but wall thickness, tunica muscularis, and epithelial thickness of the ureter were decreased in the ADR group as compared with the C and SF groups. Conclusions: Diameter of the ureter lumen was increased, but wall thickness, tunica muscularis, and uroepithelium of the ureter were decreased in the ADR group in the intrauterine period. The diameter of the ureter lumen and wall thickness of ureter (tunica muscularis of ureter and uroepithelium) were increased following obstructive uropathy after the birth.

There are limited data about the cutaneous metastases of gynecological malignancies in the literature. Based on this limited number of studies, cutaneous metastases from gynecological malignancies are uncommon occurrences. Cutaneous metastases from the synchronous endometrioid carcinoma of the uterine corpus and bilateral ovaries arising from endometriosis are extremely rare. Herein, we report a 51-year-old woman with FIGO Stage 1A Grade 1 endometrial endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma and synchronous bilateral Stage 1B ovarian endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma who presented 34 months following total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with skin metastases. After the patient underwent an excisional biopsy, we applied a palliative radiotherapy. The patient received the combination therapy with cisplatin and doxorubicin after the completion of radiotherapy but the disease evolution was rapidly fatal and the patient died 4 months after her admission to our department due to widely disseminated disease.

To evaluate the 2 methods of cytologic screening to detect abnormalities of the cervical epithelium.This study with 3 groups of women was performed at Selcuk University Meram Medical School between January 2004 and March 2006. In one group (paired sample for specimen collection) women were screened with conventional cytology; in another group (paired sample for specimen collection) they were screened with liquid-based cytology; and in the third group (split sample for specimen collection) they were screened by both methods.The rate of unsatisfactory results was lower in the liquid-based than in the conventional cytology group (6.1% vs. 2.6%; P0.05). More smears containing atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance were detected by the liquid-based method, but the difference was not statistically significant. Also, no statistically significant differences between liquid-based and conventional cytology were observed in the detection of other epithelial abnormalities (P0.05).The liquid-based and conventional cytology methods were found to be equivalent in the detection of cervical epithelial abnormalities.

This study aimed to determine histopathologic changes in the pelviureteral junction in children with pelviureteral junction obstruction.Seventeen pelviureteral junction specimens obtained from children were divided into two groups: pelviureteral junction obstruction (n = 7) and control (n = 10). Wall thickness of the pelviureteral junction, tunica muscularis of the pelviureteral junction, uroepithelium thickness of the pelviureteral junction, and collagen thickness of the pelviureteral junction were evaluated in resected pelviureteral junctions in children with pelviureteral junction obstruction.The mean wall thickness of the pelviureteral junction, mean tunica muscularis of the pelviureteral junction, and uroepithelium thickness of the pelviureteral junction were not significantly higher than those in the control group. Collagen thickness values in the pelviureteral junction obstruction group were significantly higher than those in the control group.Our data suggest that wall thickness (tunica muscularis and uroepithelium) was not significantly increased, but collagen thickness of the ureter was increased in the pelviureteral junctions of children with pelviureteral junction obstruction.