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The ‘wire-like’ acetylenic moiety is an important building block in organic and coordination chemistry that can facilitate electron transfer in donor–acceptor compounds, contributing to the enhancement of their photophysical properties. 2,6-Bis-(thiazol-2-yl)pyridine (dtpy) functionalized with a 4-phenylacetylene group (Ph-C≡C-dtpy) was, for the first time, used for the preparation of [ReCl(CO)3(Ph-C≡C-dtpy)] and [Pt(Ph-C≡C-dtpy)Cl]CF3SO3 in order to understand the properties derived from the use of the acetylenic substituent. The coordination ability of Ph-C≡C-dtpy toward Pt(II) and Re(I) centers was determined. All the studied compounds were characterized using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies, elemental analysis and, in the case of the free ligand and rhenium(I) complex, single-crystal X-ray analysis was also used. Their electrochemical, photophysical, and thermal properties were compared with the previously described similar systems. The photoluminescence spectra of Ph-C≡C-dtpy, [ReCl(CO)3(Ph-C≡C-dtpy)] and [Pt(Ph-C≡C-dtpy)Cl]CF3SO3 were investigated in solution and in the solid state at 298 K and 77 K. The experimental results were supported by the DFT and TD-DFT calculations. As a result of the introduction of the -C≡C- moiety into the organic ligand skeleton, the Re(I) and Pt(II) complexes display room-temperature emission. In the case of [Pt(Ph-C≡C-dtpy)Cl]CF3SO3, photoluminescence lifetime in a microsecond regime was observed, whereas nanosecond lifetime for [ReCl(CO)3(Ph-C≡C-dtpy)] in solution is comparable to lifetimes previously observed for rhenium(I) compounds with 4-substituted dtpys.

This paper concerns quality evaluation of the telecommunication services: VoIP (representing the RT interactive class) and VoD (representing the MM streaming class). Subjective and objective methods and tools for perceived quality measurement are analyzed and compared. Subjective tests are performed for selected video sequences using the Double-Stimulus Impairment Scale (DSIS) method. Thus the objective algorithms (VQM and VQmon) are calibrated. Speech quality is measured using the objective methods: PESQ and POLQA. Threshold values for network parameters (packet loss rate, delay jitter) are set, that guarantee the acceptable service quality.

This paper contains a comprehensive study regarding the synthesis and physicochemical properties of new hexasubstitued benzene derivatives. In this work, three compounds of this type (including two electropolymerisable monomers) were synthesized in a one-step reaction with good yields ranging from 34% to 56%. A thermal investigation shows that this type of compound is stable up to 360 °C (10% weight loss temperature). The influence of the substituents in the first and second position of the central benzene on the stability, luminescence, and (spectro)electrochemical behavior was thoroughly studied with the aid of theoretical calculations. In each case, strong blue shifting of the π-π* transition (according to 1,4-disubstitued analogs) was observed, proving this moieties’ orthogonal orientation. In the case of derivatives with a Bt-core-Bt formula (where Bt = 2,2′-bithiophene-5-yl), an electrochemical oxidation process transformed them into conducting polymers. The polymer presents extraordinary stability during multiple p-doping; thus, spectroelectrochemical measurements of polymeric films were also performed.

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New catalytically or high pressure activated reactions and routes, including coupling, double bond migration in allylic systems, and various types of cycloaddition and dihydroamination have been used for the synthesis of novel bithiophene derivatives. Thanks to the abovementioned reactions and routes combined with non-catalytic ones, new acetylene, butadiyne, isoxazole, 1,2,3-triazole, pyrrole, benzene, and fluoranthene derivatives with one, two or six bithiophenyl moieties have been obtained. Basic sources of crucial substrates which include bithiophene motif for catalytic reactions were 2,2'-bithiophene, gaseous acetylene and 1,3-butadiyne.

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The quality of telephone services is very important from either operator or subscriber point of view. One of the negative phenomenon which affects quality of telephone services is lack of speech signal during a call. This situation occurs relatively frequently in mobile telephony, and is called silent call (SC). Lack of speech signal can occur only once or many times during the call, and degrade connection quality. In this paper, an analysis of this phenomenon is presented. The research base are the results of measurements mobile network one of operators in Trójmiasto a large urban area consisting of three cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia, and Sopot. To estimate impact of silent calls on speech quality, mean opinion score index was calculated using POLQA algorithm.

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The search for safe, cheap, and repeatable diagnostic methods is a fundamental research goal. Currently, great hope is placed on fluorescence imaging. However, the development of this method mainly depends on efficient fluorescent probes. Designing and obtaining new probes with potential applications in fluorescence imaging is very difficult because compounds of this type must meet several requirements related to their properties. Therefore, this article attempted to obtain and study new phenanthro[9,10-d]-imidazole derivatives (PK1–PK3) with potential application as fluorescent probes for fluorescence imaging. The main goal of the work was to assess the effect of two functional groups (such as the formyl group (PK2) and rhodanine-3-acetic acid (PK3)) on selected physicochemical properties and possibilities of practical application of the considered compounds. The conducted studies proved that the influence of the functional group is significant, as it causes a bathochromic shift in both absorption and emission results (by the order PK1 < PK2 < PK3). Moreover, all compounds could stain live cells cultured in vitro. The staining efficiency was not affected by the cell line, thanks to which we obtained the correct staining of both mouse and human cell lines. PK3 was the most attractive of the tested compounds due to its staining potential of live cells and retention after fixation. Our results also showed some antibacterial and antifungal activity of the newly synthesized compounds (PK1–PK3). Among them, PK3 showed the highest antimicrobial effect, especially against Gram-positive bacteria.

A COMMENT ON THE ATTEMPTS TO IDENTIFY PIOTR NIEWIADOMSKI’S REGIMENT The 2022 Polish critical edition of Józef Wittlin’s World War One novel, Salt of the Earth, features a footnote where the editor unequivocally identifies the main protagonist’s military unit as the Austro-Hungarian 55th Infantry Regiment, based on the initial letter of the unit’s Colonel-in-chief ’s name mentioned by the author. This aligns with the 1991 edition, which previously identified him as Nicholas I of Montenegro. With publications on the Austro- -Hungarian army now more widely accessible, the new editor enumerates the regiment’s characteristics and briefly outlines its history. However, other pertinent details scattered throughout the novel, such as the unit’s recruiting district (Śniatyn in Eastern Galicia), its garrison town (Stanisławów), and facing colour (orange), are completely disregarded. This article aims to demonstrate that, when considered collectively, these clues lead to the conclusion that Wittlin’s portrayal of the unit is entirely fictitious. The writer not only fails to mention the regiment’s number (replacing it with “X”) but also presents its mutually exclusive formal characteristics. It can be inferred that the author either could not present the unit consistently or, more likely, intentionally did so to prevent readers from associating it with any actual place and people. This conclusion is drawn from scrutiny of official printed sources in German, along with fundamental Austrian and Polish publications.

Rhodanine-3-acetic acid derivatives are attractive compounds with versatile effects. What is very important is that compounds of this type have many biological properties. They are tested, among others, as fluorescent probes for bioimaging and aldose reductase inhibitors. Rhodanine-3-acetic acid derivatives also have antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activity. The presented work demonstrates that a slight change in the five-membered heterocyclic substituent significantly affects the properties of the compounds under consideration. Three rhodanine-3-acetic acid derivatives (A-1–A-3) were obtained in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction with good yields, ranging from 54% to 71%. High thermal stability of the tested compounds was also demonstrated above 240 °C. The absorption and emission maxima in polar and non-polar solvents were determined. Then, the possibility of using the considered derivatives for fluorescence bioimaging was checked. Compounds A-1 and A-2 were successfully used as fluorescent dyes of fixed cells of mammalian origin. In addition, biological activity tests against bacteria and fungi were carried out. Our results showed that A-1 and A-2 showed the most excellent antimicrobial activity among the newly synthesized compounds, especially against Gram-positive bacteria.

This review aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding dibenzofulvene derivatives (DBF) investigated for photovoltaics and organic electronics applications. The work begins with a detailed analysis of the synthesis and modification methods for dibenzofulvene derivatives’ structure. Then, the physicochemical properties (thermal, electrochemical, and optical) of the selected compounds are discussed in detail. Moreover, this article also presents the DFT calculations performed so far. Finally, the review presents the latest research on the applications of dibenzofulvene derivatives as dyes for DSSC cells, hole transport materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and luminescent and electrochromic materials. Considering the above, this review may be helpful when designing new organic compounds for photovoltaic and organic electronic applications.

Phenanthroimidazole derivatives are currently frequently used chemical compounds in the active layers of various devices, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) or light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). Their advantages include simple and cheap synthesis, good solubility in organic solvents, easy processing, high thermal stability, excellent electron transport ability, and very good optical and electroluminescent properties. The construction of the LEC is based on a very simple construction in which the active layer plays a significant role. Thus, the compounds used in it are extremely important because they play the role of more than just emitters. This review summarizes the current state of the art regarding phenanthroimidazole derivatives used in the active layer in LECs. The synthesis of the considered compounds is presented in detail in the first part of the review. Next, research on the physicochemical properties of phenanthroimidazole derivatives is presented. Finally, the latest reports on LEC test devices are presented.

Powszechnie uważa się, że gen. Tadeusz Rozwadowski wziął czynny udział w zwycięskich walkach państw centralnych pod Gorlicami w maju 1915 r. Stwierdzenie to, którego źródłem są wczesne, nieobiektywne biografie i wspomnienia generała, nie odpowiada jednak prawdzie. W kluczowych dniach nie piastował on stanowiska dowódcy XII Brygady Artylerii ani żadnego innego, na którym miałby wpływ na planowanie i przebieg walk. Wynika to jasno z przeanalizowanych akt operacyjnych jednostek austro-węgierskich kilku szczebli. Ponieważ jednak Rozwadowski był świadkiem bitwy, potrafił zrelacjonować ją na tyle dokładnie, że do dziś jest kojarzony z gorlicką wiktorią.

Tekst stanowi próbę skorygowania i uzupełnienia biografii generała Stanisława Maczka w wycinku odnoszącym się do jego służby w armii austro-węgierskiej podczas I wojny światowej. Ustalono prawidłową nazwę jednostki, w której służył, wskazując na nieprzystawalność austriackiej i polskiej terminologii wojskowej jako główne źródło dotychczasowych nieporozumień. Przytoczono ponadto nieznane dotąd opinie jego bezpośrednich przełożonych oraz uzasadnienia trzech wniosków odznaczeniowych, które pozwalają dokonać wstępnej i ostrożnej charakterystyki postawy Stanisława Maczka we wspomnianym okresie. The article is an attempt to correct and supplement General Stanisław Maczek’s biography in the parts relating to his service in the Austro-Hungarian Army during the First World War. The discrepancies between the Austrian and the Polish military terminology are said to be the primary source of previous misunderstandings as far as the name of his military unit is concerned. The author quotes Maczek’s immediate superiors’ opinions and three award recommendations, on the basis of which a tentative characteristics of Maczek’s conduct in the said period is proposed.

The paper looks at the Austro-German breakthrough at Gorlice of 1915 which lead to a strategic defeat of the Tsarist forces. The authors analyse the strength Russian positions, the use of air reconnaissance by the Central Powers as well as the deployment of heavy artillery and reserves. The morale factor, and, perhaps most importantly, the faulty Russian chain of command are discussed and as the reasons for the Austro-German victory.

Andrzej Olejko, „<> i <>. Historia najsłynniejszego korsarskiego rejsu Wielkiej Wojny”, wydawnictwo Inforteditions, Tarnowskie Góry–Zabrze 2016, ss. 173