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Today's civilization finds itself facing existential problems in the survival of life on planet Earth. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of food production from the moment when humans became hunter-gatherers until today, when there is talk about food security from the aspect of providing sufficient amounts of food for present and future generations. The paper presents the production of food in Serbia since the arrival of Slavic tribes on the Balkan Peninsula up to modern times. The paper also points to the historical development of food production and the necessity for socially responsible behaviour to preserve the resources we have for future generations. © 2022 University of Nigeria, Institute of African Studies. All rights reserved.

The aim of this study was to examine the actual procedures with food in households and consumer attitudes about food waste. The survey was conducted in 83 households in Belgrade, Serbia. All participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The results obtained show that awareness of food waste is at a satisfactory level, but the actual situation is that food is discarded in large quantities, even though people are aware of what a global problem this is. Large contradictions were observed among the respondents answers in this study. Respondents who stated that they never discard food, in further responses, declared they throw away significant amounts of food for various reasons (too long storage, overconsumption, improper preparation, etc.). We conclude that people are either unaware of how much food they discard, or they do not want to admit it to themselves. However, participants largely have a sense of guilt about discarding food. This indicates consumer awareness of food waste, and is an encouraging sign that further education could be effective in consumers taking into account their food waste habits, starting from procurement planning, through storage and preparation.

The use of meat in traditional Serbian cuisine can be divided into three periods. The first period is the time from the arrival of Slavs in the Balkans, through the Middle Ages to the early 19 th century. The second period, the 19 th and the first half of the 20 th centuries, can be marked as special due to significant changes that impacted traditional Serbian cuisine, compared to the first period. It was a period during which the Europeanization of Serbia took place in all spheres of life, including cuisine. After World War II, Serbia and many surrounding countries eperienced a great surge in industrialization in all economic fields, including that of food production. The last sixty years has seen the globalization of our food supply, with food being transported globally from one part of the world to another, and which resulted in neglected traditional, local cuisines. Therefore, many countries, including Serbia, recognize a need for preserving traditional cuisine. This recognition has initiated several mechanisms for maintaining Europe's gastronomic herit-age. Preservation of traditional cuisine in Serbia has special significance for tourism development.

Production of meat and processing of meat products is a very significant part of the food industry. In order to secure economic growth and development, especially in the meat industry, it is very important to provide free competition for the business entities that operate within it. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to measure market concentration using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), in order to determine the competition level in the Serbian market. Furthermore, the HHI should provide evidence of any business entities that hold monopolistic or oligopolistic positions on the market. Moreover, another aim of this study was to define to what extent business entities in the Serbian meat industry export products and goods to international markets. The 350 companies that reported the highest revenues during 2013-2017 and which are registered in this sector were studied., Proizvodnja mesa I mesnih prerađevina je veoma značajan deo prehrambene industrije. Da bi se postigao ekonomski rast I razvoj, posebno u mesnoj industriji, veoma je važno obezbediti slobodnu konkurenciju za privredna društva koji posluju u njoj. Stoga, glavni cilj ovog rada je da se, pomoću Herfindahl-Hirschman indeksa (HHI), izmeri koncentracija tržišta, kao I da se utvrdi nivo konkurencije na srpskom tržištu, ali I da se utvrdi da li postoje subjekti koji na tržištu imaju poziciju monopola ili oligopola. Drugi cilj ovog rada je da se definiše u kojoj meri poslovni subjekti iz srpske mesne industrije izvoze svoje proizvode I robu na međunarodnom tržištu I da li je nivo koncentracije isti. U istraživanju je korišćen uzorak od 350 privrednih društava registrovanih u ovom sektoru, a koja su obelodanila najviše prihode u izveštajnom periodu od 2013. do 2017. godine.

Although their anatomical features disclose the herbivorous nature of humans, an omnivorous diet can be considered an evolutionary advantage that has supported human survival. Over recent decades, vegetarianism has significantly increased in developed countries due to the support of scientific research, emerging supermarkets and restaurants, and easy-to-access soy products and healthy foods. According to current knowledge, vegetarian diets are associated with significantly lower prevalence of non-infectious chronic diseases. However, while the overall risk of cancer is slightly lower in vegetarians, the findings regarding the location and type of cancer that can be prevented by vegetarian diets are inconclusive. In addition to this, it remains unclear whether health benefits of vegetarian diets can be attributed to the avoidance of meat, or to the increased intake of dietary fibre, n-6 fatty acids, vitamins C, B9 and E, potassium, magnesium and phyto-chemicals, or to both of these factors. As a vegetarian diet becomes more restrictive, intake of adequate daily energy and of n-3 fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamin B12, zinc, calcium and iron becomes more difficult to achieve, which is particularly challenging in children who have higher nutrient requirements relative to body weight than adults.

The goal of this study was to explore attitudes and habits of Serbian preschool and school children in consumption of meat products, milk and milk products, eggs and egg products and honey and bee products. The survey was conducted on a sample of 227 children, divided into three different age groups: preschool (ages 4-6), primary school I-IV grade (ages 7-11) and primary school V-VIII grade (ages 12-15). The results showed that all examined groups of children consumed meat products, milk and milk products, eggs and egg products, and honey and bee products. In all groups of children, the most frequently consumed food (among our food category choices) was dried ham (consumed by 19.64% of preschool children; 23.75% of schoolchildren from I-IV grade; 19.74% of schoolchildren from V-VIII grade). Fewer preschool children consumed sterilized milk compared to children of school age. The results showed that in all three groups of children, the most commonly consumed milk products were yoghurt (from 12.20 to 15.29% of children consumed these) and sour cream (from 11.57 to 12.74% of children consumed this), while kefir was the least-consumed product. In addition, there was no difference in consumption of boiled or fried eggs in the examined groups of children, while the consumption of egg products (mayonnaise) was higher in the group of preschool children than in the group of schoolchildren from V-VIII grade. Preschool children consumed honey 14.99% more often than schoolchildren from I-IV grade, and 14.49% more often than did schoolchildren from grade V-VIII.

Although milk/dairy consumption is part of many cultures and is recommended in most dietary guidelines around the world, its contribution to overall diet quality remains a matter of controversy, leading to a highly polarized debate within the scientific community, media and public sector. The present article, at first, describes the evolutionary roots of milk consumption, then reviews the milk-derived bioactive peptides as health-promoting components. The third part of the article, in general, presents the associations between milk nutrients, disease prevention, and health promotion.

Breaded fish products and amniotic fluid are acceptable to consumers because of the rapid preparation methods and relatively low prices. These products are marketed frozen. The quality of these products on the market is very variable due to the different quantities of fish and different quantities and ratios of additives used in the preparation of the jacket weight. This is due to the fact that regulations on the quality of these types of products do not define the amount of basic ingredients (fish) or added ingredients. Producers place these products on the market based on product specifications, and consumers are informed about the quality of these products on the basis of the declaration. The aim of this study was to examine the quality parameters of breaded fish products, or squid on the basis of declared data., Panirani proizvodi od ribe i plodova voda su za potrošače prihvatljivi zbog brzog načina pripreme i relativno niske cene. Ovi proizvodi se u promet stavljaju zamrznuti. Kvalitet ovih proizvoda je na tržištu veoma varijabilan zbog različite količine ribe i različite količine i odnosa dodataka koji se koriste za pripremu obložne mase. To je posledica činjenice da propisi o kvalitetu ove vrste proizvoda ne definišu bliže ni količinu osnovnih sastojaka (ribe) ni dodatih sastojaka. Proizvođači ove proizvode stavljaju u promet na osnovu proizvođačke specifikacije, a potrošači se o kvalitetu ovih proizvoda informišu na osnovu deklaracija. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje parametara kvaliteta paniranih proizvoda od ribe, odnosno lignje na osnovu podataka iz deklaracije.

Meat has a significant role in human evolution and is essential for proper growth and development, primarily because it represents a valuable source of proteins, as well as vitamins B, folic acid and vitamins A and D. Red meat also contains large amounts of iron, zinc, and other mineral substances and their bioavailability is much higher from meat then from plant sources. In recent years, red meat, especially pork meat and lard are associated with a negative health image, and their consumption is associated with a number of diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Fat is most often mentioned as cause of these conditions, which is why the meat industry tends to reduce levels of fat in meat and meat products. However, fat is an important source of fatty acids, and according to recommendations, in order to improve human health, it is more important to balance the ratio between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, rather than exclude fat from the diet. Despite the negative image that has been created in the public, pork still represents the type of meat with the highest production and consumption globally., Meso ima značajnu ulogu u ljudskoj evoluciji i neophodno je za pravilan rast i razvoj organizma, pre svega jer predstavlja značajan izvor proteina, ali i vitamina B grupe, folne kiseline i vitamina A i D. Crveno meso takođe sadrži velike količine gvožđa, ali i cinka i drugih mineralnih materija, a njihova iskoristivost iz mesa je mnogo veća nego iz biljnih izvora. Poslednjih godina crveno, a pre svega svinjsko meso, kao i svinjska mast pominju se u negativnom kontekstu, a njihova upotreba u ishrani povezuje se sa mnogobrojnim oboljenjima kao što su kardiovaskularna oboljenja, kancer i dijabetes. Kao uzrok ovih oboljenja najčešće se pominje mast, zbog čega industrija mesa teži ka redukciji nivoa masti u mesu i proizvodima od mesa. Međutim, mast predstavlja značajan izvor masnih kiselina, a mnogobrojne preporuke na osnovu velikog broja istraživanja baziraju se na balansiranju odnosa zasićenih i nezasićenih masnih kiselina pre nego na izbacivanju masti iz ishrane. Ipak i pored negativne slike koja je stvorena u javnosti, svinjsko meso je i dalje vrsta mesa sa najvećom proizvodnjom i potrošnjom na globalnom nivou.

The goal of this paper was to explore attitudes and habits of Serbian schoolchildren in consumption of meat. Survey was conducted using self-administrated questionnaire, on a sample of 228 schoolchildren from 7 to 18 years of age, divided into three class groups (I group - from I-IV and II group from V-VIII - Primary school; III group from I-IV - High school). The results showed that all examined schoolchildren had habit to eat meat, except one of them. In regard to the preference, meat and meat products as foodstuff were categorized among schoolchildren as 'much liked food' There was statistically significant difference (p lt 0.05) in explored attitude about consumption of chicken, pork, beef/veal, lamb and venison meat. Schoolchildren of all examined groups primarily consumed chicken meat, followed by pork, beef/veal, and lamb, and at the last place venison. Also, results show that most of schoolchildren usually eat meat prepared at home for one meal per a day, which is in accordance with recommendation provided by Gazette for nutrition of schoolchildren in children's institution of the Republic of Serbia. Responses to the question 'How often do you eat meat?' in 21.49% of total number indicated that eating habits in meat consumption may cause heart problems in schoolchildren population. Survey results showed that schoolchildren primarily eat meat prepared at home, in cooked dishes, as well as grilled or roasted meats. Small percentage (2.68%) pointed that they consumed meat 'three times a day', while 18.86 % do it only once a week or once a month., Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispitaju stavovi i navike školske dece u Srbiji u konzumiranju mesa i proizvoda od mesa. Istraživanje je sprovedeno korišćenjem upitnika, na uzorku od 228 školske dece, uzrasta 7 do 18 godina, podeljene u tri grupe (od I - IV i V - VIII razreda osnovne i I - IV razreda srednje škole). Rezultati su pokazali da, osim jednog deteta, sva ispitana deca koriste meso u ishrani. Po pitanju dopadljivosti, meso i proizvodi od mesa su namirnice koje se među decom kategorišu kao 'mnogo mi se sviđa'. Statistički značajna razlika (p lt 0,05) pokazala se u stavovima đaka prilikom konzumiranja pilećeg, svinjskog i junećeg/ telećeg, jagnjećeg i mesa divljači. Takođe, rezultati su pokazali da školska deca, obično, jedu meso kod kuće, bar za jedan obrok, što je u skladu sa preporukama Pravilnika o normativima društvene ishrane dece u ustanovama za decu Republike Srbije. Odgovori na pitanje 'Koliko često jedete meso?', u 21,49% školske dece, ukazuju na činjenicu da bi način na koji deca konzumiraju meso mogao da dovede do srčanih oboljenja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da školska deca primarno jedu meso koje je pripremljeno kod kuće, kako kuvano, tako i pečeno i prženo. Mali procenat ispitane školske dece (2,68%) se izjasnio da jede meso 'tri puta dnevno', dok 18,86 % dece konzumira meso jednom nedeljno, ili jednom mesečno.