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Acute disorders of cerebral circulation are one of the leading problems of modern clinical medicine, due to their significant spread in the human population and the extremely negative impact exerted on the patient’s body. Currently available data allow us to talk about the multi-vector nature of the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage. Within the framework of the cascade of developing pathochemical and pathophysiological processes, an essential role in the formation of ischemic stroke belongs to the inflammatory reaction occurring through the immune system’s response to cerebral tissue ischemia. One of the places of its implementation is the vessel wall located in the ischemic zone, where monocytes and neutrophils are attracted with the help of cell adhesion proteins. Complement activation plays a significant role, carried out mainly due to the C3 component or during the initialization of the mannose pathway. Activation of microglia and astrocytes plays a huge role directly in the focus of ischemia. It should be noted that in the process of activation, both microglia and astrocytes are able to acquire a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory phenotype. The prevalence of the pro-inflammatory variant contributes to prolonged damage to brain tissue, while the predominance of the anti-inflammatory phenotype has a protective effect. An important role is played by a violation of the function of the blood-brain barrier, which provides an additional influx of leukocytes to the site of ischemia. In addition, individual subpopulations of T-lymphocytes penetrating through the damaged barrier also play a significant role in the organization and dynamics of the immuno-inflammatory response. The action of Th1 and Th2 cells, gamma-delta T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, as well as regulatory T lymphocytes has been most studied. The role of B-lymphocytes in the formation of a stroke focus is considered.

Introduction. For a qualitative restoration of the knee joint function after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament, the process of engraftment, restoration of the strength and viability of the graft (new anterior cruciate ligament) is important. The weakening of the inflammatory process after surgery and the return of strength and tone to the muscles that ensure the proper functioning of the injured knee joint are equally important. Restoring the properties of the damaged fascia, providing proprioceptive control of the periarticular muscles for the stability of the knee joint are the priorities of the rehabilitation process. Somatic dysfunctions that have been previously presented, as well as have appeared at the time of injury or during surgery, slow down recovery. Therefore, the inclusion of osteopathic treatment in the rehabilitation process seems to be a logical step. However, the problem of the osteopathic correction role in the rehabilitation process in case of the anterior cruciate ligament damage has been covered very little in the specialized literature.The aim of the study is to substantiate the use of osteopathic correction in the complex rehabilitation of patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery.Materials and methods. The study involved 47 patients who underwent arthroscopic knee surgery for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. 23 patients who underwent the recommended rehabilitation course were included in the control group, 24 patients who additionally received a course of osteopathic correction were included in the main group. Before and after the treatment, there were assessed osteopathic status of patients, the range of movements in the operated knee joint, the dynamics of the inflammatory process (according to such indicators as changes in the local temperature of the knee joint and the thermal symmetry, as well as the circumference of the knee joint), and the pain intensity.Results. At the beginning of the study, regional somatic dysfunctions of the lower limb region were most often detected in main and control groups (100 and 65,2 %, respectively) and the pelvic region (91,7 and 87 %, respectively). After the treatment, statistically significant (pConclusion. The study confirms the positive contribution of osteopathic correction to expanding the possibilities of complex rehabilitation of patients after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament plasty. However, it is recommended to continue research in this direction on a larger sample size.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. Meanwhile, usage of neuroimaging methods does not allow precise assessment of its severity and clinical prognosis. This predetermines for searching new techniques of differential diagnosis of the TBI severity and predicting the risk of consequences. Currently, many authors have shown an association between disorders of the immune system manifesting as a decrease in general immune status, and development of cellular/humoral neurosensitization with progredient outcome of the brain injury. At the same time, the role of humoral mechanisms in pathogenesis of TBI, in particular, brain commotion, is less studied in comparison with cell-mediated mechanisms, thus suggesting a need to studying the role of activation or, vice versa, anergy of the humoral immunity in mild traumatic brain injury. The aim of this work was to study characteristics of B-lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of the patients with brain concussion (n = 22). Peripheral blood samples obtained from 52 apparently healthy volunteers served as controls. The diagnosis was made in accordance with established international criteria. In this case, the exclusion criterion were as follows: severe concomitant organ damage or somatic pathologies, as well as presence of intoxication. General examination included the collection of complaints, medical history, assessment of the somatic and neurological status. B-lymphocytes were determined using multicolor flow cytometry based on two approaches: IgD/CD38 expression (“Bm1-Bm5” classification), and IgD/CD27. We have found that the relative number of naïve Bm1 (IgD+CD38-) was significantly higher in patients with brain concussion than in conventionally healthy individuals (p 0.001). The relative content of activated naive Bm2-cells (IgD+CD38+) was significantly lower in the group of TBI patients than in controls (p 0.05). The number of naive cells (IgD+CD27-) was also significantly reduced in the brain concussion group compared to the control group. The data obtained indicate a possible significant role of B-cell immune response in pathogenesis of clinical course following the brain concussion, thus enabling assessment of possible features of humoral immune response.

Referring to information reports of the Joint State Political Directorate ( Rus . OGPU), this article examines the social sentiments of workers of Ural Region and their causes and manifestations in the mid-1920s in the conditions of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The paper illustrates the main causes of negative sentiments among workers (high production rates, low wages, protective clothing, housing issues, etc.). Among important factors for the workers’ discontent were their tense relations with the factory administration provoked by its rudeness, as well as the inaction of trade union organisations, which often led to strikes. The period faced a steady increase in the number of strikes in Ural Region. In 1926, the number of strikes tripled compared to 1925. A large number of conflicts that led to strikes had an economic basis, i.e. they arose from failure of the administration to fulfil its obligations. The defiant, demonstrative behaviour of the administration of factories and specialists and their malpractice fueled the workers’ dissatisfaction. Workers compared the situation in the factories with the times of the tsar. As a result, political discontent and anti-Soviet and anti-Communist moods began to arise among industrial workers of the Urals. Thus, the social and economic situation of workers had little to do with the official status of the working class as a hegemonic class in Soviet Russia. At the same time, most workers were loyal to the Soviet government which they considered “their own”. The workers were more concerned about the economic aspects of their daily existence. Social unrest could become more widespread in case of deterioration of economic situation in the country but could hardly develop into political unrest.

Currently, it is known that in response to brain damage a reaction from the immune system is triggered, but its role in the formation of clinical manifestations remains a little-studied problem to date. Using multicolor cytometric analysis, a study was conducted to determine the number of Th1-, Th2-, Tfh- and Th17-cells among CD45RA-negative CD3+CD4+ cells in a group of patients with mild TBI (M-TBI, n = 20) and with moderate to severe TBI (MS-TBI, n = 16) and a group of conditionally healthy donors (n = 30). The imbalance between Th2 cells and Th17 cells was found in patients with TBI in the acute period, which probably predetermines the course of the disease and the development of complications.

In this work the method of the synthesis of C-substituted benzotriazoles is reported. Several target compounds were synthesized from unsubstituted benzotriazole by the diazotation reaction. Quantum-chemical calculations of basic electronic properties of the studied molecules were performed. It was shown, that introducing of halogen atom or thiocyano-group decreases the energies of frontier orbitals.

The current literature is lacking sufficient coverage of the relationship between erectile dysfunction (ED) and diabetes mellitus (DM), and age-related hypogonadism. At the same time, the mutual impact of cardiovascular and endocrine systems on men erectile function and the resulting damage of male sexual organs are being studied and debated. This prospective, randomized, simple comparative study examined the erectile function of 131 men with type 2 DM and age-related hypogonadism, tested the effects of DM on serum testosterone, formed an idea of possible relationship between DM, severity of ED and testosterone levels, degree of endothelial dysfunction and the involvement of the testicles. The study results showed the impact of testosterone level on the compensation of DM and frequency of ED. Correlations were observed between testosterone levels, peak systolic velocity of blood flow in the of capsular arteries of testes and testicular size. The interrelation between testicular size, reduction of testicular blood flow, and DM-related endothelial dysfunction and variability of serum testosterone levels was found. The findings suggest the need for revising existing reference ranges for serum testosterone upward to 15 nmol/L.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a chronic systemic metabolic disease, is widely spread in the population of middle- aged men. Previously it has been proven the link between the presence of type 2 diabetes and the development of lower urinary tract symptoms in men. At the same time, middle-aged men are characterized by the appearance and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia.We performed a study of middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes to determine the interrelation of micturition disorders with deficiency of serum testosterone, in respect that the pathophysiology of prostatic hyperplasia is regarded as dysmetabolic dyshormonal state. The prospective study examined 112 men with type 2 diabetes randomized by the level of total testosterone. Lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed by I-PSS questionnaire. The study of serum total PSA, uroflowmetry, transrectal prostate ultrasonography were performed.As a result of the study the association between the severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the decrease in total testosterone levels was determined. The relationship of testosterone deficiency and the frequency of the presence and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms were demonstrated. The dependence of the prostate hyperplasia risks progression with the level of serum testosterone was found.The association of testosterone deficiency with frequency and severity of lower urinary tract symptoms, partially related with benign prostatic hyperplasia and clinically defined detrusor cistopathy, has been proven. Further clinical studies are needed to determine the pathophysiological and pathomorphological features of type 2 diabetes, which determines the development of detrusor cistopathy and late onset hypigonadism.

The current literature provides a wide range of publications on the anthropometry of the penis specifying the relationship between penile dimensions and sex hormones, weight, height and erectile function. But most of the studies involved healthy volunteers or young patients with erectile dysfunction. Our study was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes. Penile measurements obtained in the present study were compared those of the average Russian man. The patients were divided into groups with preserved and impaired erectile function. Erectile function was also studied relative to the variability of penile dimensions. The effect of DM duration on erectile function was defined. Comparative analysis revealed the relationship between penile anatomical dimensions and erectile function. We studied the effect of type 2 diabetes on the anatomical dimensions and elasticity of the penis, established the relationship between penile dimensions and elasticity of the penis. The correlation between the severity of erectile dysfunction and serum testosterone levels on one side, and penile dimensions on the other was found. The effect of penile dimensions on erectile function in DM patients was also examined. Determining penile dimensions and their variability due to various pathological conditions or processes, may eventually lead to better result of ED management.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CLINIC-IMMUNOLOGICAL DATA IN PATIENTS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY OF DIFFERENT SEVERITY LEVEL IN ACUTE PERIOD.

Electron-beam treatment of 08Cr18Ni10Ti steel in the mode of ~5 μm surface layer melting (electron beam energy density is 25 J/cm 2 ) results in increase in fatigue durability by a factor of 3.44. Investigations of the structure-phase states and defective substructure and the factors responsible for increase in fatigue durability of steel have been carried out by the methods of optical, scanning and transmission electron diffraction microscopy.

Разработаны методические приемы выделения терригенных коллекторов венда за счет комплексирования материалов стандартного комплекса ГИС данных гидродинамического каротажа выполненных в пределах Дулисьминского месторождения. Установлены граничные значения коэффициентов пористости проницаемости, а также параметров, ГИС, характеризующих переход от коллекторов к неколлекторам.