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3. DTranNER: biomedical named entity recognition with deep learning-based label-label transition model

Author

S. K. Hong and Jae-Gil Lee

Subjects
Bioinformatics, Data mining, Named entity recognition, Neural network, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Background Biomedical named-entity recognition (BioNER) is widely modeled with conditional random fields (CRF) by regarding it as a sequence labeling problem. The CRF-based methods yield structured outputs of labels by imposing connectivity between the labels. Recent studies for BioNER have reported state-of-the-art performance by combining deep learning-based models (e.g., bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory) and CRF. The deep learning-based models in the CRF-based methods are dedicated to estimating individual labels, whereas the relationships between connected labels are described as static numbers; thereby, it is not allowed to timely reflect the context in generating the most plausible label-label transitions for a given input sentence. Regardless, correctly segmenting entity mentions in biomedical texts is challenging because the biomedical terms are often descriptive and long compared with general terms. Therefore, limiting the label-label transitions as static numbers is a bottleneck in the performance improvement of BioNER. Results We introduce DTranNER, a novel CRF-based framework incorporating a deep learning-based label-label transition model into BioNER. DTranNER uses two separate deep learning-based networks: Unary-Network and Pairwise-Network. The former is to model the input for determining individual labels, and the latter is to explore the context of the input for describing the label-label transitions. We performed experiments on five benchmark BioNER corpora. Compared with current state-of-the-art methods, DTranNER achieves the best F1-score of 84.56% beyond 84.40% on the BioCreative II gene mention (BC2GM) corpus, the best F1-score of 91.99% beyond 91.41% on the BioCreative IV chemical and drug (BC4CHEMD) corpus, the best F1-score of 94.16% beyond 93.44% on the chemical NER, the best F1-score of 87.22% beyond 86.56% on the disease NER of the BioCreative V chemical disease relation (BC5CDR) corpus, and a near-best F1-score of 88.62% on the NCBI-Disease corpus. Conclusions Our results indicate that the incorporation of the deep learning-based label-label transition model provides distinctive contextual clues to enhance BioNER over the static transition model. We demonstrate that the proposed framework enables the dynamic transition model to adaptively explore the contextual relations between adjacent labels in a fine-grained way. We expect that our study can be a stepping stone for further prosperity of biomedical literature mining.

Published
2020
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5. Wintertime aerosol optical and radiative properties in the Kathmandu Valley during the SusKat-ABC field campaign

Author

C. Cho, S.-W. Kim, M. Rupakheti, J.-S. Park, A. Panday, S.-C. Yoon, J.-H. Kim, H. Kim, H. Jeon, M. Sung, B. M. Kim, S. K. Hong, R. J. Park, D. Rupakheti, K. S. Mahata, P. S. Praveen, M. G. Lawrence, and B. Holben

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Particulate air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley has reached severe levels that are mainly due to uncontrolled emissions and the location of the urban area in a bowl-shaped basin with associated local wind circulations. The AERONET measurements from December 2012 to August 2014 revealed a mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) of approximately 0.30 at 675 nm during winter, which is similar to that of the post-monsoon but half of that of the pre-monsoon AOD (0.63). The distinct seasonal variations are closely related to regional-scale monsoon circulations over South Asia and emissions in the Kathmandu Valley. During the SusKat-ABC campaign (December 2012–February 2013), a noticeable increase in both aerosol scattering (σs; 313 → 577 Mm−1 at 550 nm) and absorption (σa; 98 → 145 Mm−1 at 520 nm) coefficients occurred before and after 4 January 2013. This can be attributed to the increase in wood-burned fires due to a temperature drop and the start of firing at nearby brick kilns. The σs value in the Kathmandu Valley was a factor of 0.5 lower than that in polluted cities in India. The σa value in the Kathmandu Valley was approximately 2 times higher than that at severely polluted urban sites in India. The aerosol mass scattering efficiency of 2.6 m2 g−1 from PM10 measurements in the Kathmandu Valley is similar to that reported in urban areas. However, the aerosol mass absorption efficiency was determined to be 11 m2 g−1 from PM10 measurements, which is higher than that reported in the literature for pure soot particles (7.5 ± 1.2 m2 g−1). This might be due to the fact that most of the carbonaceous aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley were thought to be mostly externally mixed with other aerosols under dry conditions due to a short travel time from their sources. The σs and σa values and the equivalent black carbon (EBC) mass concentration reached up to 757 Mm−1, 224 Mm−1, and 29 µg m−3 at 08:00 LST (local standard time), respectively but decreased dramatically during the daytime (09:00–18:00 LST), to one-quarter of the morning average (06:00–09:00 LST) due to the development of valley winds and an atmospheric bounder layer. The σs and σa values and the EBC concentration remained almost constant during the night at the levels of 410 Mm−1, 130 Mm−1, and 17 µg m−3, respectively. The average aerosol direct radiative forcings over the intensive measurement period were estimated to be −6.9 ± 1.4 W m−2 (top of the atmosphere) and −20.8 ± 4.6 W m−2 (surface). Therefore, the high atmospheric forcing (i.e., 13.9 ± 3.6 W m−2) and forcing efficiency (74.8 ± 24.2 W m−2 τ−1) can be attributed to the high portion of light-absorbing aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, as indicated by the high black carbon (or elemental carbon) to sulphate ratio (1.5 ± 1.1).

Published
2017
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6. Erratum to: Antimicrobials: a global alliance for optimizing their rational use in intra-abdominal infections (AGORA)

Author

M. Sartelli, D. G. Weber, E. Ruppé, M. Bassetti, B. J. Wright, L. Ansaloni, F. Catena, F. Coccolini, F. M. Abu-Zidan, R. Coimbra, E. E. Moore, F. A. Moore, R. V. Maier, J. J. De Waele, A. W. Kirkpatrick, E. A. Griffiths, C. Eckmann, A. J. Brink, J. E. Mazuski, A. K. May, R. G. Sawyer, D. Mertz, P. Montravers, A. Kumar, J. A. Roberts, J. L. Vincent, R. R. Watkins, W. Lowman, B. Spellberg, I. J. Abbott, A. K. Adesunkanmi, S. Al-Dahir, M. N. Al-Hasan, F. Agresta, A. A. Althani, S. Ansari, R. Ansumana, G. Augustin, M. Bala, Z. J. Balogh, O. Baraket, A. Bhangu, M. A. Beltrán, M. Bernhard, W. L. Biffl, M. A. Boermeester, S. M. Brecher, J. R. Cherry-Bukowiec, O. R. Buyne, M. A. Cainzos, K. A Cairns, A. Camacho-Ortiz, S. J. Chandy, A. Che Jusoh, A. Chichom-Mefire, C. Colijn, F. Corcione, Y. Cui, D. Curcio, S. Delibegovic, Z. Demetrashvili, B. De Simone, S. Dhingra, J. J. Diaz, I. Di Carlo, A. Dillip, S. Di Saverio, M. P. Doyle, G. Dorj, A. Dogjani, H. Dupont, S. R. Eachempati, M. A. Enani, V. N. Egiev, M. M. Elmangory, P. Ferrada, J. R. Fitchett, G. P. Fraga, N. Guessennd, H. Giamarellou, W. Ghnnam, G. Gkiokas, S. R. Goldberg, C. A. Gomes, H. Gomi, M. Guzmán-Blanco, M. Haque, S. Hansen, A. Hecker, W. R. Heizmann, T. Herzog, A. M. Hodonou, S. K. Hong, R. Kafka-Ritsch, L. J. Kaplan, G. Kapoor, A. Karamarkovic, M. G. Kees, J. Kenig, R. Kiguba, P. K. Kim, Y. Kluger, V. Khokha, K. Koike, K. Y. Kok, V. Kong, M. C. Knox, K. Inaba, A. Isik, K. Iskandar, R. R. Ivatury, M. Labbate, F. M. Labricciosa, P. F. Laterre, R. Latifi, J. G. Lee, Y. R. Lee, M. Leone, A. Leppaniemi, Y. Li, S. Y. Liang, T. Loho, M. Maegele, S. Malama, H. E. Marei, I. Martin-Loeches, S. Marwah, A. Massele, M. McFarlane, R. B. Melo, I. Negoi, D. P. Nicolau, C. E. Nord, R. Ofori-Asenso, A. H. Omari, C. A. Ordonez, M. Ouadii, G. A. Pereira Júnior, D. Piazza, G. Pupelis, T. M. Rawson, M. Rems, S. Rizoli, C. Rocha, B. Sakakushev, M. Sanchez-Garcia, N. Sato, H. A. Segovia Lohse, G. Sganga, B. Siribumrungwong, V. G. Shelat, K. Soreide, R. Soto, P. Talving, J. V. Tilsed, J. F. Timsit, G. Trueba, N. T. Trung, J. Ulrych, H. van Goor, A. Vereczkei, R. S. Vohra, I. Wani, W. Uhl, Y. Xiao, K. C. Yuan, S. K. Zachariah, J. R. Zahar, T. L. Zakrison, A. Corcione, R. M. Melotti, C. Viscoli, and P. Viale

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Published
2017
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7. Genome-wide Association Study for Warner-Bratzler Shear Force and Sensory Traits in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle)

Author

C. G. Dang, S. H. Cho, A. Sharma, H. C. Kim, G. J. Jeon, S. H. Yeon, S. K. Hong, B. Y. Park, H. S. Kang, and S. H. Lee

Subjects
Genome-wide Association Study, Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, Sensory Traits, Hanwoo Beef, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801
Abstract

Significant SNPs associated with Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force and sensory traits were confirmed for Hanwoo beef (Korean cattle). A Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significant association (p

Published
2014
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8. An evaluation of ozone dry deposition simulations in East Asia

Author

R. J. Park, S. K. Hong, H.-A. Kwon, S. Kim, A. Guenther, J.-H. Woo, and C. P. Loughner

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We use a 3-D regional atmospheric chemistry transport model (WRF-Chem) to examine ozone dry deposition in East Asia, which is an important but uncertain research area because of insufficient observation and numerical studies focusing on East Asia. Here we compare two widely used dry deposition parameterization schemes, the Wesely and M3DRY schemes, which are used in the WRF-Chem and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models, respectively. Simulated ozone dry deposition velocities with the two schemes under identical meteorological conditions show considerable differences (a factor of 2) owing to surface resistance parameterization discrepancies. Resulting ozone concentrations differ by up to 10 ppbv for a monthly mean in May when the peak ozone typically occurs in East Asia. An evaluation of the simulated dry deposition velocities shows that the Wesely scheme calculates values with more pronounced diurnal variation than the M3DRY and results in a good agreement with the observations. However, we find significant changes in simulated ozone concentrations using the Wesely scheme but with different surface type data sets, indicating the high sensitivity of ozone deposition calculations to the input data. The need is high for observations to constrain the dry deposition parameterization and its input data to improve the use of air quality models for East Asia.

Published
2014
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9. Genetic Polymorphisms of the Bovine NOV Gene Are Significantly Associated with Carcass Traits in Korean Cattle

Author

B. S. Kim, S. C. Kim, C. M. Park, S. H. Lee, S. H. Cho, N. K. Kim, G. W. Jang, D. H. Yoon, B. S. Yang, S. K. Hong, H. H. Seong, and B. H. Choi

Subjects
NOV Gene, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Carcass Weight, Back Fat Thickness, Korean Cattle, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801
Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) gene and to evaluate whether these polymorphisms affect carcass traits in the Korean cattle population. We resequenced to detect SNPs from 24 unrelated individuals and identified 19 SNPs within the full 8.4-kb gene, including the 1.5-kb promoter region. Of these 19 SNPs, four were selected for genotyping based on linkage disequilibrium (LD). We genotyped 429 steers to assess the associations of these four SNPs with carcass traits. Statistical analysis revealed that g.7801T>C and g.8379A>C polymorphisms in the NOV gene were associated with carcass weight (p = 0.012 and 0.008, respectively), and the g.2005A>G polymorphism was associated with the back fat thickness (BF) trait (p = 0.0001). One haplotype of the four SNPs (GGTA) was significantly associated with BF (p = 0.0005). Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the NOV gene may be among the important genetic factors affecting carcass yield in beef cattle.

Published
2013
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10. Limiting Concentrate during Growing Period Affect Performance and Gene Expression of Hepatic Gluconeogenic Enzymes and Visfatin in Korean Native Beef Calves

Author

S. S. Chang, J. D. Lohakare, N. K. Singh, E. G. Kwon, J. G. Nejad, K. I. Sung, and S. K. Hong

Subjects
Calf, Concentrate, Growth, Gluconeogenic Enzymes, Plasma, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801
Abstract

This study elucidated the effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth, plasma profile, and gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and visfatin in the liver of Hanwoo beef calves. The purpose of this study was to test that reducing the amount of concentrate would partially be compensated by increasing the intake of forage and by altering the metabolic status. The study utilized 20 Korean native beef calves (Hanwoo; 60 to 70 d of age) divided into two groups of 10 calves each for 158 d. Control group calves received the amount of concentrate as per the established Korean feeding standards for Hanwoo, whereas calves in the restricted group only received half the amount of concentrate as per standard requirements. Good quality forage (Timothy hay) was available for ad libitum consumption to both groups. Since calves were with their dam until 4 months of age in breeding pens before weaning, the intake of milk before weaning was not recorded, however, the concentrate and forage intakes were recorded daily. Body weights (BW) were recorded at start and on 10 d interval. Blood samples were collected at start and at 50 d interval. On the final day of the experiment, liver biopsies were collected from all animals in each group. The BW was not different between the groups at all times, but tended to be higher (p = 0.061) only at final BW in control than restricted group. Total BW gain in the control group was 116.2 kg as opposed to 84.1 kg in restricted group that led to average BW gain of 736 g/d and 532 g/d in respective groups, and the differences were significant (p

Published
2013
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11. Phylogenetic Analysis of a Privately-owned Korean Native Chicken Population Using mtDNA D-loop Variations

Author

M. R. Hoque, N. R. Choi, H. Sultana, B. S. Kang, K. N. Heo, S. K. Hong, C. Jo, and J. H. Lee

Subjects
D-loop Variation, Haplotype, Korean Native Chicken, mtDNA, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801
Abstract

The use of Korean native chicken is increasing, and the discovery of new genetic resources is very important from both economic and genetic conservation points of view. In this study, mtDNA D-loop sequences from 272 privately-owned Korean native chickens from a Hyunin farm were investigated. Seventeen nucleotide substitutions were identified from the sequence analysis and they were classified as 6 haplotypes. Previously investigated haplotypes in five Korean native chicken populations have been compared with the Hyunin chicken population. The results indicated that two haplotypes, H10 and H15, in the Hyunin chicken population were not previously identified in other Korean native chicken populations, representing 33.09% (90/272) and 1.1% (3/272) of the Hyunin population, respectively. On the other hand, four other haplotypes were identical to those of a previous study of Korean native chicken populations. This result is indicative of conservation strategies of Hyunin chicken populations for expanding the genetic diversity in the Korean native chicken population.

Published
2013
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13. Protein Profile in Corpus Luteum during Pregnancy in Korean Native Cows

Author

H. J. Chung, K. W. Kim, D. W. Han, H. C. Lee, B. C. Yang, H. K. Chung, M. R. Shim, M. S. Choi, E. B. Jo, Y. M. Jo, M. Y. Oh, S. J. Jo, S. K. Hong, J. K. Park, and W. K. Chang

Subjects
Corpus Luteum, Korean Native Cows, Pregnancy, Progesterone, Proteome Analysis, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Animal biochemistry, QP501-801
Abstract

Steroidogenesis requires coordination of the anabolic and catabolic pathways of lipid metabolism, but the profile of proteins associated with progesterone synthesis in cyclic and pregnant corpus luteum (CL) is not well-known in cattle. In Experiment 1, plasma progesterone level was monitored in cyclic cows (n = 5) and pregnant cows (n = 6; until d-90). A significant decline in the plasma progesterone level occurred at d-19 of cyclic cows. Progesterone level in abbatoir-derived luteal tissues was also determined at d 1 to 5, 6 to 13 and 14 to 20 of cyclic cows, and d-60 and -90 of pregnant cows (n = 5 each). Progesterone level in d-60 CL was not different from those in d 6 to 13 CL and d-90 CL, although the difference between d 6 to 13 and d-90 was significant. In Experiment 2, protein expression pattern in CL at d-90 (n = 4) was compared with that in CL of cyclic cows at d 6 to 13 (n = 5). Significant changes in the level of protein expression were detected in 32 protein spots by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and 23 of them were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Six proteins were found only in pregnant CL, while the other 17 proteins were found only in cyclic CL. Among the above 6 proteins, vimentin which is involved in the regulation of post-implantation development was included. Thus, the protein expression pattern in CL was disorientated from cyclic luteal phase to mid pregnancy, and alterations in specific CL protein expression may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy in Korean native cows.

Published
2012
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14. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Association of DNA-Gold Nanoparticles

Author

W. B. Ko, Y. M. Lee, S. K. Hong, S. S. Choi, and S. J. Lee

Subjects
Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

This study examined the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using a non-ionic surfactant, polysorbate 80, and KAuCl4 in water. The gold nanoparticles, which were well dispersed in water, were analyzed by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the SRY(sex-determining region Y) gene of the Bos taurus specific primer was designed, and this primer solution was mixed with the aqueous gold nanoparticles solution. The binding ability of DNA and gold nanoparticles was identified by polyacryllamide gel electrophoresis. The products of DNA linked with gold nanoparticles were also characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and TEM.

Published
2009
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18. Prevalence of diabetic and impact on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic coronary syndromes, across multiple geographical regions and ethnicities

Author

H Appeltants, C Boesch, I Cromarty, D Carretta, S Romanov, U Windstetter, F Mibach, Jens Refsgaard, S Lebedev, F Proietti, M Y Tamimi, M C Gamboa, M Novikova, E Prada, K H Sim, E Messas, E Zherlitsyna, A Kalampalikis, N Nevolina, N Trocan, J Cohen, G Szto, R Gilabert Gómez, M Omelchenko, A Pinzani, D Goodwin, J Umaran Sánchez, Kim Fox, S H Dong, K Kronberg, E Castillo Lueña, T Ignatieva, S Joubert, C Macchi, S Lee, S Eidelman, F Alizon, S Chandra, M Akbar, D M Colquhoun, G Yanes Bowden, J de Juan Baguda, M Sebastian, C Wernham, K Miedema, R La Greca, C Morton, B S Jheeta, A C Tran, T Q Do, O Rodrigues, J Yan, S H Kim, R Jurgaitienė, Jean-Claude Tardif, R Baleón, D Hay, V Hennebelle, F Fazekas, R Davies, P Gratia, L Sorodoc, S Y Wu, C Martínez Sánchez, L Lopes Antunes, T H T Pham, I Suliman, M J Gómez Martinez, A Pernat, S H Hur, M Alanazy, L Zhabina, M Stanley, J Rogers, Y J Kim, S Geffroy, L K Andersen, S Coman, V Pedrosa del Moral, Y Garaud, J Krupicka, O Dzhkha, C Paul, M Jeżewska, B Mahler Mioto, V Abduvalieva, P Morra, L Kucheryava, C La Rosa, B Chan, M Wrębiak-Trznadel, A Kozlowski, M Sharif, L López Barreiro, V Kolesnikov, M Lawrence, A Tucker, C Okawabata, B La Hay, E Sadauskienė, B K Nguyen, L Bui, A Said, M E Ruíz Esparza, R K Saran, M S C Ho, E Homs Espinach, J R Romo Santana, J Forte De Carvalho, I Pattison, H H Phan, L Baleeva, L Kisiel, A López Granados, C Raters, F Paganelli, R Haberl, A P T Wong, D Xu, R Jagathesan, L Grekhova, H Stursova, Q B Truong, P Raymond, Y Sosnova, N H Khong, J Zarauza Navarro, C Florescu, L Gorshkova, N Saaidin, E Gordillo Higuero, L Davin, I Budanova, C Lavicka, L Gruznykh, P Bogdański, A Dufka, I Arroja, H A R Tahir, G Wilson, G Kolios, S J Yoon, Simon Cattan, K Berdnik, A Serrano, B Sievers, A Rodríguez Almodóvar, L A Holden, F O'Reilly, D Verleyen, H Hafez, K Nehrig, S M Kang, S Berrisch-Rahmel, E Meyer-Michael, P Samama, L Soares, A K Nguyen, F Tuktarova, C Weytjens, E Sandoval Rodriguez, J Cheng, F M Villasenor, João Morais, B Sullivan, R Zimoląg, Albert V. Smith, S F Ding, J C Louchart, G Guardigli, R Furtak, P Azzolini, S Chushak, J L Delgado Prieto, S Kornienko, K K Sia, J H Shin, F Baylac Domengetroy, P Błaszczak, M Saade, N Černič-Šuligoj, K Coetzee, A Kadleckova, V Scollo, O Larina, R Pal, M M Singh, N Nosova, R Burns, B S Yoo, O Gukov, F Massari, V Antia, A Brattström, G Holt, M Scherbak, V Firastrau, Y J Li, E Mikhailova, L Machado Cesar, C García García, J Pjontek, C Everton Biglow, G Pes, C Brown, A Bumbu, S Felis, R Bosch, M Lazaro, Luigi Tavazzi, R Engel, I Romeo Castillejo, Y S Byun, F Matias, I Grushetskaya, C Mestre-Fernandes, T Kheliya, S Schlesingerova, G Theodorakis, I Tsamopoulos, R Pedretti, A Puente Barragán, M P Vo, B Lammens, T Carruthers, J S Bhatt, A Khodanov, N Pasechnaya, I Petrova, G Boutros, I A Khan, E Le Moal, D Garofalo, H R Malaterre, A Bahal, J F Martínez González, H N Dinh, N V Pham, C Barjhoux, I Gilmour, C Soriano Navarro, O D Chioncel, K Tóth, N Borodina, P Khanoyan, B Sevilla Toral, H H Kim, C M A Bui, C Dernedde, N Eliseeva, M Galinier, E Kosachek, M M Doohan, L Potapska, M Tennekoon, R Nourallah, L Perez De Isla, K H Chee, E Panova, D M Walker, G Glanowska, G Hua, A Silvestre, W Wang, Matthew A. Brown, B Luke, G Jarosiński, R Davis, S Cleron, C Liatas, I Orestis, M Dereń, J Sudnik, S X Zhou, J Fuertes Alonso, O Baranova, S Mingalaeva, T N Vo, K A Ngo, J A Rodríguez Fernández, R Ishmael, G Bode, K K Chan, G Al Radaideh, S Ramphall, H D Theron, V Montagud Saavedra, A Yusuf, G F Mazzanti Mignaqui, L Evtukhova, J Lorenc, D Beacock, O B Šlapikienė, F Alitto, J N Poujois, B Berzal Martín, M Felbermayer, V Mallamaci, T Spitsina, R Ramachandran, A Jánosi, V Dženkevičiūtė, S Gillam, V Joulie, G Esna Ashari, R Henry, E Durand, A Alam, V Fourchard, H Dreycopp, R Fressonnet, C Camossa, O Jerzykowska, M Castrucci, G Sinicropi, B K Goyal, V Vasylenko, R Grogono, M Partington, B Vaquette, R Blindt, Mª T Moreno Casquete, V Kukaleva, W Streb, P F Clavette, M Pérez Paredes, V Hadjiivanov, C Bundy, D E Manyari, A Wassef, J Kuchar, W Nisker, P S Bath, S Panpunnung, G H Choo, Datshana P Naidoo, Y Pavlova, R McManus, N Brand, E Davies, L Prunier, A Schenowitz, P Sternthal, T Sinotova, J Martínez Florez, R Sykulski, J Pinar Sopena, M Balbi, Y Pesant, D A Playford, C Villar Mariscal, F Redding Escalante, W Wongcharoen, O Grechishkina, A Girão, M Speth-Nitschke, K A Mahendran, A Bianco, A Vadavi, G Singh, L Petoin Peuch, L Sukhanova, A Y Y Fong, J L Vega Barbado, A Dzien, S Honorat, G Ansalone, G Kamensky, G McLaren, T B Kim, I Bratu, R Fillet, V Rogozhyna, L Nagy, M Malgina, M A Sheikh Abdul Kader, Z C Li, L Rotaru H Rus, D Adamczyk-Kot, J Estrella, S Serrano García, P Farto E Abreu, D Mescharekova, Su Thillai Vallal, P Seal, S Möller, A Cziráki, T T H Ta, S Davies, H Ge, M Arafah, M Ovize, A Olszewski, V Aboyans, C Roche, F Al Tamimi, L Popova, V Kazachkova, R Rennert, J Aubry, G Bourgeois, J Mackrell, F Al Kandari, N Reifart, J Bérubé, W H J Hutse, O Lysunets, I Butkuvienė, J Cotroneo, J Gdalia, J Dalle Mule, R Santos, B Singh, H Mohammed, A Birkenhagen, T Chiscaneanu, H Sullivan, Jacob A. 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Andrews, L L Feng, B Martina-Hooi, S R Shetty, Y Dascotte, E T Ch'ng, P Dematteo, A Woodall, S Gabriilidis, Jean Ferrières, S K Oh, J Lindford, S Blignaut, L Macedo, R Carrillo Cardoso, Y C Lai, C Lang, S R Jayasinghe, B Bastian, V Sanfins, J de Jeús Zuñiga, F X Meriaux, G Sepp, S Molotyagina, S García Ortego, T Perger, Y Lukina, J H Wirtz, A Regulska, P Durand, P Loheac, J Sinnadurai, S Avlonitis, J García-Moll Marimón, J Bradley, K Pareathumby, L Latyntseva, D Stergiou, K Ling, S K Hong, N S Chonkar, C Goldie, C C Koo, A Salustri, Y Peneva, I Rodríguez Briones, P Ferreira, L Franskyavichene, G Bragança, C Rodrigues, S H Lee, L Dang, B J Lubelsky, L Weinrich, E Hoffer, J Tricoire, M Marachli, O Smirnova, C Falces Salvador, A Mobeirek, M Fagan, A Serazhim, M M W Yeung, F Petitjean, I Cullen, J Benacka, Yañez Wonenburger, D Gentille Lorente, J Ferreira Dos Santos, F Bosa Ojeda, N Marchionni, L Brottier, P Keelan, D Kerö, L Moretti, R Seabra Gomes, I Jasinkevica, P Purnode, D Relange, H N Luqman, A Petit, I Hamilton-Craig, E Kochurov, P Berry, P Aguar Carrascosa, M Noble, S Yvorra, N Razzaq, J M Walch, L Lenartowska, R Sethi, W Kim, C Killeen, S Kurochkina, N Capuano, P Sampson, K H Mak, T Bouchaya, J Hellermann, M Geneves, F Ramos Ariznabarreta, J L Mougeolle, J Ferreira, T Roy, J de Andrés Novales, J F Monteiro Ferreira, M S Mayer, N Lopez Cabanillas, P Touzet, K H Ng, F Pelier, T K Huynh, J Schindler, T Krechunova, A Gaglione, Z Fras, P Haralambus, R Pradhan, L P Low, G Odent, M Sidor, R Sopia, D Janody, T K Ong, K Adamaszek, G Vives Boniato, T Maxwell, H Charles, D Gough, O Dibon, A A Abdul Rahim, H B Liew, S Tikhonova, I Bläse, J Chambel De Aguiar, E Santas Olmeda, M Rosseel, R Angela, D Savard, C Cernetti, O Huttin, J Calder, O Kilaberiya, A Elkrail, I I Tulevski, A Ilyukhina, E Chalkiadakis, R Antonicelli, H C Gwon, G Bautista López, G Brown, J Kojelienė, R Zeitouni, J Mimoso, N Better, N H Vu, H Abdel Wahab, B Poprawa, F Weber, A Ghicu, K Rybak, G Fouquet, C Pindado Rodríguez, A Salakhova, L Isaeva, M H Fallacher, J Placke, G McCansh, V D Tran, O Gusev, D Enayat, P Khera, E Brice, G Levesque, A Alvarez Auñon, M A Arnau, M A López Aranda, E Andreicheva, I Kruck, R Grigoriu, I Sainz Hidalgo, M Węglarz, A Ajani, I Khudina, T Makhieva, V D Dang, R Testa, E Cisowska-Drozd, F Giacomazzi, R Cierpka, Nicola Greenlaw, P Wong, L Simões, L Tsaryabina, O Gureeva, R Raffelsberger, H Luquez, A Rainbird, D Evéquoz, M A Balice-Pasquinelli, R Massay, K L Joseph, I H Chae, R Herrmann, I Salecker, A Montero Gaspar, P F Fonseca, A Martin, W Czarnecki, R Motomancea, E Dechoux, M Shamsuzzaman, M Leandri, D Marzal Martín, C Navas Navas, C Beaurain, T Gkinis, K Shetty, P A Jeannerat, D S Wong, A Gonzaga, W Kulig, J F Millet, E Jankauskienė, E Anastasiou, A I Ruhani, N Aksyutina, O Kolesova, K Yared, M Panajatovic, Y L Zhou, S Thurston, T Alekseeva, S Preston, N Mai, M Kuzyakina, D Rechtman, T Boonyasirinant, J Nobre Dos santos, A Ahuad Guerrero, M Al-Shamiri, M Feldner-Busztin, S Godart, S Liandrat, A Narayan, L Burlakova, M J García Martínez, C Militaru, J Chávez Paez, H B Matheson, D Meddah, P Brindle, N Petrova, A Nicolino, D Spensieri, A Giuca, E Molina Laborda, J Moreno Arribas, V Martinho, T Mularek-Kubzdela, S K Chua, G A Dan, N T H Tu, V T Nguyen, M Alcocer Gamba, J Costa, H Milligan, R Badr-Eslam, E Variava, A Merkhi, C Mays, R De Castro Aritmendiz, A K Mohamed Yusof, A Hamer, R McNeilly, S Dedkova, D Rousson, K Chamou, A Mahr, D C Dan, R Till, T L Yang, M Vida Gutiérrez, D Piyayotai, É Bajcsi, D Zaronskienė, I Alexopoulos, Y Huo, H S Zeng, P Rowe, S Fleming, D B Vu, Á Dongó, C Hand, J C S Leong, M Claeys, S Hood, J Bozkova, G Vieyra, G Unger, A Liqui-Lung, D Cremer Luengo, M Castillo Orive, S Muth, M Joseph, P L Torres Díaz, C Zakopoulos, D Cross, F Trujillo Berraquero, F Sattar, H A Boyrazian, T B Le, M Mantcheva, M Constantinescu, P Gosse, U Keil, G F Vaz, M Bdeir, T S Pham, M J García González, J K Ryu, D W Jeon, Zs Malkócs, J Á Perea Egido, R Izquierdo González, V Probst, E Wellenkamp, C Boureux, M Czarnecka, C Vaughan, H Falconer, H Brunner, G Peña Pérez, E Nelböck-Huber, E Blanc, F Thomas-Richard, A L R Ng, M Provvidenza, R Gascueña Rubia, J Freitas, A Dabboura, B Mörz-Proszowski, A Utech, C Alves, C M David, J A Lastra Galán, L Oliveira, T A Nguyen, I Ghaly, A Hofmeister, I Gorodilova, P Szałkowski, M S Hiremath, G Golovina, C Daly, M Tardy, S Kostomarova, J-P Salembier, P Zagožen, D Wang, M Vogel, J Borbola, I Chlewicka, K-H Schmitz, C Pappas, J Victory, M Garandeau, P Wiggers, C Piñero Ramírez, L Tkhorzhevskaya, E Suglobova, V Samakhovets, P Surmont, H A Ramírez Reyes, M Winter, F Prunier, B Cavert, B Salaun, J M Roca Catalán, A Beinhauer, Ian Ford, K Elsby, V Knyazeva, C Tamburino, V Khoury, A Felice Castro Issa, B Marchenko, K König, A Kennedy, J M Alegret Colomer, T Gillet, Clarify Investigators, B Maheu, A Troncoso Gil, N Haldane, B Koujan, T Mouhat, A Waldman, J Robert, J Campbell, A Kokis, M Micheals, P Gori, P Ramoutar, M Al Zaibag, V Ryzhkova, M Kazakovtseva, C Bernardeau, B Ferreiro Rodríguez, Y Voloshko, S Szabo, I Jarvis, Y N Ke, J Donetti, A Serrano-Garcia, R Ketelers, S Grigoryan, V Kulik, P Zündorf, L Kleemann, J McPherson, M Luaces Méndez, F Mouquet, L G Xiong, T H Tran, P Costello, A Potter, M Cinteza, F Colivicchi, E Nowicka, O Greiner, G Reddy, M Martins Oliveira, F Fernandes De Sousa, P Nocon, R Sewell, I Nikodemska, R Tadeu Munhoz, T Gilbert, I Laizane, M Maroun, B Demianiuk, A Bolidai, R Kacorzyk, R Fernández Mouzo, K Karastanev, J Blanco Castiñeiras, P Messali, R Schwarz, M Vardhani, O Gouli, C Thelemann, A Forclaz, G Khaznadar, G Eisele, P Sosner, M L Bourachot, N Pontikakis, S Heinemann-Meerz, E Zatsarina, E Smrckova, P Calmettes, D H Kang, M L Santos Iglesias, S M Marinescu, A Heap, Melnikova, N F Strathmore, S Tolpygina, M Yang, M Naisseh, E George, J Banach, E Delcoulx, E Teijeira Fernández, J Poles, P Saunders, S Haddad, T Q Luu, A Dhesi, O Prikolota, M Baar, P Lafontaine, C O'Dong, I Petropoulos, B-M Altevogt, D Warden, T De Backer, G Miñana Escrivá, T L Mai, U Schlesinger-Irsch, M M Gomaa, E Moksyuta, M Drexler, P Monteiro, P Grooterhorst, J Moolman, P McAlavey, J O'Shea, L P Quinn, F Crespo, K Srinivasa Reddy, T Shokina, Ellen M. Schmidt, M H Jeong, K Denef, A Pleskof, I Takács, Y Tikhonov, O Ushakov, L Stevens, J Ezcurdia Sasieta, L Nkombua, O Henne Otero, J Y Fraboulet, D S Kim, G Hoh, A Tamm, M Sardon, G Chatzioakim, M A Ulecia Martínez, S Reymond, M Myint, G Proença, R Massabie, E Foster, H Dougall, Anjan Kumar Roy, C Franco Aranda, M Getman, E Filippova, C Aguiar, X D Pu, N Voronina, L L Chen, M Szulc, L Bayakhchan, M J Pinto Vaz, C Niederberger, N Vites, I Sen, Paul R. Kalra, J A Castillo Moreno, W K Ng, C Brunschwig, D Morgan, A Concepción Clemente, N Yakimova, J M Guy, A H Jaafar, J Badarienė, N Taylor, L Compson, R Amor, A Maximovitch, J L Bardají Mayor, E Marín Araez, N H Chau, N Srtumilenko, K Kelly, A Papathanasioy, S Erofeev, B Mamez, A Ribeiro, M Micko, N Alvarenga Recalde, K Atueva, Z Sebõk, P Kycina, A K Gupta, A Laucevičius, R Ahuja, A Prokop, P Stadler, S De Ridder, L Zhang, F B Ramadan, L Kapustina, V Fedoskin, A Bateman, C A Nacht, R Musetescu, M Aparici Feal, A Büttl, S Ross, M Rau, P Federico Zaragoza, G Brisson, M Zagreanu, T T H Pham, F Dominé, N Davydova, N Petrochenko, N Paul, P H Truong, S Frickel, W Bryl, G Brouillette, A Stumpp, M Barrera Bustillos, C Ziccarelli, O Zalyzniak, M eatherhead, N Watkins, G Riccioni, l Kudryavtsev, R Carvalho, J P S Sawhney, V González Toda, P Matos Dias, M Giorgadze, I Rodriguez Marrero, W Gritsch, K Lee, G W Kellam, I Parker, V Ecina, Mª I Soto Ruiz, C Delhomme, T Ivaschenko, Y W Cheah, I Grudtsina, R Chehayeb, T Dookie, O Krasnoslobodskaya, P Jarmużek, F Van den Branden, A M F Vandeplas, A Rocha De Almeida, M Espiga De Macedo, E Łotocka, K Nagy, R Paliulionienė, J L Leyva Pons, N Fedorova, Y Yanina, O Stasuk, Z Vlasuk, P Lim, P Egloff, T Berezhna, A Faria, J Cerda Rojas, E Moser, H G Jin, S J Oh, G Arquero García, K H Karner, I Leontaridis, A Banikova, J Fridrich, H Lesseliers, I Pokrovskaya, P Astridge, H Abdul Manap, R Daniel, C A Almeida Fernández, A Nowowiejska-Wiewióra, B Carvalho De Moura, M Malden, H Rosenstein, S Dixon, G Balogh, M Adam-Blanpain, A Sandalian, H Gervas Pavón, G A Antoniadis, N Naberezhnova, A Amlaiky, P Terrosu, K K H Lau, B Chartier, X Su, O Kovyrshyna, G Beale, P Primot, M H Chen, S S Ramesh, R Chyrek, E Gómez Álvarez, J Rodríguez Collado, G Sibilio, R Jeremiasz, R Colin, C Lalla, G M Fullerton, M P Samal, H Thümmel, R P Patel, J Takhar, H M Kwon, T A Cieza Lara, F Magliari, J Morrell, M Rayo Gutiérrez, T L Orenstein-Lyall, H Choi, S Kulinich, A Aftab, A Wallace, B B Abdul Kareem, S Kwok, A Królak, A Grover, Laurent Fauchier, Mª J Pinilla Lozano, G Sengupta, D Paris, M Al Dhanki, J Milewski, F Petersen Aranguren, H Brufau Redondo, H Mayr, A Arias Mendoza, M Ducoudre, A Correia, J S Awtar Singh, P Aylward, E Brscic, J Du Plooy, J L Arenas León, G Silva Alves, L Sreenivasa Murthy, P Dendale, F La Varra, S Minkin, T Eggeling, A Jamiel, G Lebischak, E Andreev, T V A Tuong, V Chaithiraphan, O Duprez, S Higgins, F Chometon, Y Cottin, A Bonny, C Guyetand, J Matos, F Henpin Yue Cesena, L Polyaeva, M Drijfhout, J Toplak, G E Vertes, N F Wang, J Doucet, A K Trivedi, P Turek, G Chouinard, A Al Lawati, W Filip, F Kovar, T J Cha, A Belanger, H L Cong, J F Robert, D López Gómez, J L Sanz Rodríguez, H Simper, P Shetty, A Chukwu, E Bukanina, C Amoros Galito, H MacCowan, T T T Tran, A Singal, K C Vu, O Ismail, A Ardiaca Capell, P Bousquet, F Goss, Z Galeeva, Maxime Guenoun, B Rijavec, Z Lazerevic, A McCracken, A C Motoc, Y Sharapova, S Wright, A J Paule Sánchez, L Mainar Latorre, I Sirazov, X L Yang, S E Paget, G Berkenboom, J Markenvard, I Surovtseva, S K George, Matthias Simon, M L Fuantos Delgado, C Christoforidis, M Lagares Carballo, P Alvarez García, J Könemann, L Crawford, I Gonos, D Saulnier, E Szabó, L Ardouin, J Bhayat, F J Abardía Oliva, X Bernard, O Sirbu, P Boutsikos, N Khmelevskikh, E Tavlueva, P LeBouthillier, I Bourazanis, A Sequeira, M López Martínez, C P Paulus, R K M Bhaskaran, F Pellerin, B Brown, B Saleh, A Lacchè, R Sola Casado, E Kaźmierczak, M Weingrod, and G Vijayaraghavan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems, Epidemiology, LONG-TERM, medicine.medical_treatment, Chronic coronary syndromes, Coronary Artery Disease, Revascularization, Ventricular Function, Left, GLUCOSE, MELLITUS, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Ethnicity, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, ARTERY-DISEASE, Myocardial infarction, Stroke, RISK, OUTCOMES, Ejection fraction, Science & Technology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, CLARIFY Investigators, Hazard ratio, Diabetes, Stroke Volume, Geographical disparities, Syndrome, medicine.disease, MIDDLE-EAST, EUROPEAN-SOCIETY, Treatment Outcome, MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, Heart failure, CLARIFY registry, Cardiovascular System & Cardiology, HEART-FAILURE, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

BackgroundIn contrast with the setting of acute myocardial infarction, there are limited data regarding the impact of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes in contemporary cohorts of patients with chronic coronary syndromes. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic impact of diabetes according to geographical regions and ethnicity.Methods and resultsCLARIFY is an observational registry of patients with chronic coronary syndromes, enrolled across 45 countries in Europe, Asia, America, Middle East, Australia, and Africa in 2009–2010, and followed up yearly for 5 years. Chronic coronary syndromes were defined by ≥1 of the following criteria: prior myocardial infarction, evidence of coronary stenosis >50%, proven symptomatic myocardial ischaemia, or prior revascularization procedure.Among 32 694 patients, 9502 (29%) had diabetes, with a regional prevalence ranging from below 20% in Northern Europe to ∼60% in the Gulf countries. In a multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, diabetes was associated with increased risks for the primary outcome (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.28 (95% confidence interval 1.18, 1.39) and for all secondary outcomes (all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and coronary revascularization). Differences on outcomes according to geography and ethnicity were modest.ConclusionIn patients with chronic coronary syndromes, diabetes is independently associated with mortality and cardiovascular events, including heart failure, which is not accounted by demographics, prior medical history, left ventricular ejection fraction, or use of secondary prevention medication. This is observed across multiple geographic regions and ethnicities, despite marked disparities in the prevalence of diabetes.ClinicalTrials identifierISRCTN43070564

Published
2021

22. Epigenetic regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription in early breast tumorigenesis

Author

E-H Seo, Martha R. Stampfer, Lee Ys, Betty H. Johnson, Yong Sun Lee, S-P Shin, S. Kim, M-J Song, S.E. Lee, J-L Park, H-P Kim, S. K. Hong, and J-H Ahn

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, RNA, Untranslated, Transcription, Genetic, viruses, Biology, RNA polymerase III, Epigenesis, Genetic, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc, 03 medical and health sciences, Transcription (biology), Genetics, Transcriptional regulation, Humans, Breast, Epigenetics, Molecular Biology, Gene, Cells, Cultured, RNA Polymerase III, RNA, Epithelial Cells, DNA, DNA Methylation, Molecular biology, Chromatin, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, 030104 developmental biology, DNA methylation, Protein Binding
Abstract

RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes medium-sized non-coding RNAs (collectively termed Pol III genes). Emerging diverse roles of Pol III genes suggest that individual Pol III genes are exquisitely regulated by transcription and epigenetic factors. Here we report global Pol III expression/methylation profiles and molecular mechanisms of Pol III regulation that have not been as extensively studied, using nc886 as a representative Pol III gene. In a human mammary epithelial cell system that recapitulates early breast tumorigenesis, the fraction of actively transcribed Pol III genes increases reaching a plateau during immortalization. Hyper-methylation of Pol III genes inhibits Pol III binding to DNA via inducing repressed chromatin and is a determinant for the Pol III repertoire. When Pol III genes are hypo-methylated, MYC amplifies their transcription, regardless of its recognition DNA motif. Thus, Pol III expression during tumorigenesis is delineated by methylation and magnified by MYC.

Published
2017
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23. Investigation of the axial thrust load using numerical and experimental techniques during turbocharger operation

Author

In-Beom Lee, S. K. Hong, and Bok-Lok Choi

Subjects
business.industry, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Numerical analysis, Axial thrust, Aerospace Engineering, Thermal strain, Thrust, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Finite element method, law.invention, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Thrust bearing, 0203 mechanical engineering, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Axial force, business, Geology, Turbocharger
Abstract

Identification of the axial thrust load during the operating conditions of a turbocharger provides useful information to turbocharger designers. The axial force acting on the thrust bearing is mainly caused by the imbalance between the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel. It has a significant influence on the friction losses, which reduce the efficiency and the performance of a high-speed turbocharger. Well-known formulae for calculating the thrust load and the mechanical friction have been given in the literature. However, it is difficult to determine an accurate axial force by an analytical approach. This paper presents a detailed procedure for prediction of the axial thrust load during turbocharger operation. The first step is to identify the relationship between the externally applied load and the strain response using a specially designed test device and a numerical method. Next, if the operating strains and temperatures are measured, the strain signals due to the axial thrust can be adjusted by subtracting the thermal effects from the measured strains. Finally, the thrust loads in particular operating conditions are inversely obtained by inserting the adjusted strains into the calibration equations.

Published
2017
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24. Survival benefit of liver resection for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

S. W. Ahn, K. W. Lee, Hongbeom Kim, Kyung-Suk Suh, N. J. Yi, H.‐S. Kim, Hyuk-Joon Lee, YoungRok Choi, S. K. Hong, and K. C. Yoon

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Republic of Korea, Carcinoma, Humans, Medicine, Propensity Score, Survival rate, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Standard treatment, Liver Neoplasms, Hazard ratio, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Propensity score matching, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Surgery, business, Liver cancer
Abstract

Background Although transarterial chemoembolization is recommended as the standard treatment for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (BCLC-B HCC), other treatments including liver resection have been used. This study aimed to determine the survival benefit of treatment strategies including resection for BCLC-B HCC compared with non-surgical treatments. Methods The nationwide multicentre database of the Korean Liver Cancer Association was reviewed. Patients with BCLC-B HCC who underwent liver resection as a first or second treatment within 2 years of diagnosis and patients who received non-surgical treatment were selected randomly. Survival outcomes of propensity score-matched groups were compared. Results Among 887 randomly selected patients with BCLC-B HCC, 83 underwent liver resection as first or second treatment and 597 had non-surgical treatment. After propensity score matching, the two groups were well balanced (80 patients in each group). Overall median survival in the resection group was better than that for patients receiving non-surgical treatment (50·9 versus 22·1 months respectively; P < 0·001). The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates in the resection group were 90, 88, 75 and 63 per cent, compared with 79, 48, 35 and 22 per cent in the no-surgery group (P < 0·001). In multivariable analysis, non-surgical treatment only (hazard ratio (HR) 3·35, 95 per cent c.i. 2·16 to 5·19; P < 0·001), albumin level below 3·5 g/dl (HR 1·96, 1·22 to 3·15; P = 0·005) and largest tumour size greater than 5·0 cm (HR 1·81, 1·20 to 2·75; P = 0·005) were independent predictors of worse overall survival. Conclusion Treatment strategies that include liver resection offer a survival benefit compared with non-surgical treatments for potentially resectable BCLC-B HCC.

Published
2017
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26. DTranNER: biomedical named entity recognition with deep learning-based label-label transition model

Author

Jae-Gil Lee and S. K. Hong

Subjects
Conditional random field, Relation (database), Computer science, Bioinformatics, Context (language use), lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, computer.software_genre, Biochemistry, Sequence labeling, Deep Learning, Named-entity recognition, Structural Biology, Data Mining, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, Deep learning, Neural network, Computer Science Applications, Named entity recognition, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:R858-859.7, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Natural language processing, Sentence, Software, Research Article
Abstract

Background Biomedical named-entity recognition (BioNER) is widely modeled with conditional random fields (CRF) by regarding it as a sequence labeling problem. The CRF-based methods yield structured outputs of labels by imposing connectivity between the labels. Recent studies for BioNER have reported state-of-the-art performance by combining deep learning-based models (e.g., bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory) and CRF. The deep learning-based models in the CRF-based methods are dedicated to estimating individual labels, whereas the relationships between connected labels are described as static numbers; thereby, it is not allowed to timely reflect the context in generating the most plausible label-label transitions for a given input sentence. Regardless, correctly segmenting entity mentions in biomedical texts is challenging because the biomedical terms are often descriptive and long compared with general terms. Therefore, limiting the label-label transitions as static numbers is a bottleneck in the performance improvement of BioNER. Results We introduce DTranNER, a novel CRF-based framework incorporating a deep learning-based label-label transition model into BioNER. DTranNER uses two separate deep learning-based networks: Unary-Network and Pairwise-Network. The former is to model the input for determining individual labels, and the latter is to explore the context of the input for describing the label-label transitions. We performed experiments on five benchmark BioNER corpora. Compared with current state-of-the-art methods, DTranNER achieves the best F1-score of 84.56% beyond 84.40% on the BioCreative II gene mention (BC2GM) corpus, the best F1-score of 91.99% beyond 91.41% on the BioCreative IV chemical and drug (BC4CHEMD) corpus, the best F1-score of 94.16% beyond 93.44% on the chemical NER, the best F1-score of 87.22% beyond 86.56% on the disease NER of the BioCreative V chemical disease relation (BC5CDR) corpus, and a near-best F1-score of 88.62% on the NCBI-Disease corpus. Conclusions Our results indicate that the incorporation of the deep learning-based label-label transition model provides distinctive contextual clues to enhance BioNER over the static transition model. We demonstrate that the proposed framework enables the dynamic transition model to adaptively explore the contextual relations between adjacent labels in a fine-grained way. We expect that our study can be a stepping stone for further prosperity of biomedical literature mining.

Published
2020

27. High‐efficient inverting buck‐boost converter with fully digital‐controlled switch width modulation for microdisplays

Author

S.-K. Hong, S.-H. Shin, and Oh-Kyong Kwon

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Electrical engineering, Process (computing), Buck–boost converter, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, BCDMOS, Power (physics), Maximum efficiency, CMOS, Modulation, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Voltage
Abstract

This letter proposes a highly efficient inverting buck-boost converter at light-load for microdisplay applications. The proposed buck-boost converter, which operates in discontinuous conduction mode, achieves high efficiency by modulating the switch width according to the sensed on-duty of the main power switch using the full-digital method. It generates an output voltage of -4 V using an input voltage of 1.8 V for a maximum load current ( I LOAD ) of 20 mA. The proposed converter was fabricated in a 0.18 μm bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCDMOS) process and measured to verify its performance. The measurement results showed that the proposed buck-boost converter achieved a maximum efficiency of 89.3% at I LOAD of 20 mA and a high efficiency of up to 81.9% at light-load, where I LOAD is

Published
2018
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30. Development and Preliminary Testing of the Health in Community Survey

Author

Lisa I. Iezzoni, Karen Donelan, Amy J. Wint, Clemens S. K. Hong, and Esteban A. Barreto

Subjects
Adult, Male, Research design, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Social Determinants of Health, MEDLINE, behavioral disciplines and activities, Young Adult, Resource (project management), Nursing, Health care, Humans, Medicine, Social determinants of health, Young adult, Community survey, Health Services Needs and Demand, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Cognition, Health Status Disparities, Middle Aged, Health Surveys, Massachusetts, Family medicine, Chronic Disease, Female, business
Abstract

Objectives . Develop and pilot test the Health in Community Survey (HCS), to collect patients’ perceptions of care integration between traditional care providers and community-based services that address social determinants of health. Research design . Interviews of working-age, English-or Spanish-speaking patients with multiple chronic conditions to identify survey domains; cognitive interviews and pilot test of HCS Version 1. Results . Preliminary interview subjects identified diverse care concerns. From these findings, we designed six HCS domains. Cognitive interviews identified problems relating to patients’ perceptions about limited function and disability. Nearly one-third of pilot test subjects reported they did not definitely have enough resources for food, transportation, doctor and hospital bills, and medications; 41.6% said their clinicians only sometimes or never knew about their resource problems. Conclusions . Although it requires further validation, the HCS offers insights into patients’ perceptions of care integration between traditional health care providers and services addressing social determinants of health.

Published
2015
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31. Initial experience with purely laparoscopic living-donor right hepatectomy

Author

Kyung-Suk Suh, N. J. Yi, S. K. Hong, Hongbeom Kim, K. C. Yoon, K. W. Lee, H. S. Kim, S. W. Ahn, and YoungRok Choi

Subjects
Liver surgery, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Tissue and Organ Procurement, medicine.medical_treatment, 030230 surgery, Living donor, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Republic of Korea, medicine, Hepatectomy, Humans, Laparoscopy, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Surgery, Stenosis, Dissection, Liver, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, business, Left Hepatic Duct
Abstract

Background There may be concerns about purely laparoscopic donor right hepatectomy (PLDRH) compared with open donor right hepatectomy, especially when performed by surgeons accustomed to open surgery. This study aimed to describe technical tips and pitfalls in PLDRH. Methods Data from donors who underwent PLDRH at Seoul National University Hospital between December 2015 and July 2017 were analysed retrospectively. Endpoints analysed included intraoperative events and postoperative complications. All operations were performed by a single surgeon with considerable experience in open living donor hepatectomy. Results A total of 26 donors underwent purely laparoscopic right hepatectomy in the study interval. No donor required transfusion during surgery, whereas two underwent reoperation. In two donors, the dissection plane at the right upper deep portion of the midplane was not correct. One donor experienced portal vein injury during caudate lobe transection, and one developed remnant left hepatic duct stenosis. One donor experienced remnant portal vein angulation owing to a different approach angle, and one experienced arterial damage associated with the use of a laparoscopic energy device. One donor had postoperative bleeding due to masking of potential bleeding foci owing to intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopy. Two donors experienced right liver surface damage caused by a xiphoid trocar. Conclusion Purely laparoscopic donor hepatectomy differs from open donor hepatectomy in terms of angle and caudal view. Therefore, surgeons experienced in open donor hepatectomy must gain adequate experience in laparoscopic liver surgery and make adjustments when performing PLDRH.

Published
2017

33. Effect of Al Doping on the Structural, Electrical, Gas Sensing Properties of ZnO Nanorods Synthesized by Hydrothermal Growth

Author

S. B. Eadi, S.-K. Hong, and V. Srivastava

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Morphology (linguistics), Materials science, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Zinc, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Computer Science Applications, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Nanorod, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Biotechnology
Abstract

The effect of Al doping on the morphology and sensing properties of ZnO nanorods have been shown. Undoped and Al-doped well-aligned ZnO nanorods have been grown on sputtered ZnO/SiO2/Si (100) pre-grown seed layer substrate by the hydrothermal method. The molar ratio of dopant (aluminum nitrate) in the solution, [Al/Zn], was varied from 0.1% to 3%. The prepared ZnO nanorods showed preferred orientation [Formula: see text]0001[Formula: see text] and were well aligned vertically. We observed that for 0.5% Al doping the diameter and resistivity of the nanorods became the least, carrier concentration became large. Sensing behavior of the doped samples tested for H2 gas shows the sensitivity of [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]C, respectively.

Published
2019
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34. One-Step Route to Grow ZnO Hexangular Tube Structures

Author

S.-K. Hong and S. B. Eadi

Subjects
Nanotube, Materials science, Field (physics), Bioengineering, One-Step, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Zinc nitrate, General Materials Science, Tube (fluid conveyance), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Biotechnology
Abstract

We present a systematic study of hexangular ZnO nanotube growth using zinc nitrate and NaOH as starting materials by varying solution concentration. ZnO nanotubes were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and growth mechanism was discussed. Supersaturation near ZnO surface is higher and leads to the [Formula: see text]-axis preferential growth. Low-magnification and high-resolution TEM micrographs revealed that best growth conditions for ZnO nanotube arrays were at 5[Formula: see text]mM zinc nitrate and 1[Formula: see text]mL of 1[Formula: see text]M NaOH. The growth morphology is largely determined by varying the NaOH concentration.

Published
2019
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35. A genome-wide association study of survival in small-cell lung cancer patients treated with irinotecan plus cisplatin chemotherapy

Author

S Jin Yoon, E Soon Shin, J-Y Han, H Young Ghang, Y-S Lee, J Young Kim, J Soo Lee, Seungyoon Nam, S. K. Hong, and J-A Hwang

Subjects
Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Multivariate analysis, medicine.medical_treatment, Genome-wide association study, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Irinotecan, Bioinformatics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Disease-Free Survival, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Lung cancer, Aged, Pharmacology, Cisplatin, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Molecular Medicine, Camptothecin, Female, business, Genome-Wide Association Study, medicine.drug
Abstract

We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing overall survival (OS) of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. We prospectively collected blood samples from 139 SCLC patients who participated in phase II studies of irinotecan and cisplatin (IP) chemotherapy as first-line therapy. Among 334 127 SNPs, which passed quality control, seven showed significant association with OS. The rs16950650CT, rs7186128AG or GG, rs17574269AG, rs8020368CC, rs4655567CC, rs2166219TT or rs2018683TT showed shorter OS compared with control alleles. Among the seven SNPs, rs4655567, rs8020368 and rs2018683 were significantly associated with a resistant relapse (RR). In the multivariate analysis, rs8020368CC was significantly associated with higher risk of RR (odds ratio=16.7, P=0.007). In vitro and in silico analysis showed that SNPs in C14orf49 might be associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This exploratory GWAS identified candidate SNPs that may be predictive of the clinical outcome of SCLC patients receiving IP.

Published
2013
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36. Electrochemical Impedance Analysis of V2O5 and PEDOT Composite Film Cathodes

Author

Sun-il Mho, H.-M. Song, S.-K. Hong, D.-Y. Yoo, J.-S. Kim, and W. I. Cho

Subjects
Conductive polymer, Battery (electricity), Materials science, Composite number, engineering.material, Electrochemistry, Cathode, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, PEDOT:PSS, Coating, law, Electrode, engineering, Composite material
Abstract

Composite films of nanobeam V2O5 and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) were grown using an electrochemical polymerization method. PEDOT in the composite film connects the isolated V2O5 nanobeams and gives rise to a conductive network, improved Li-ion accessibility and transport pathways in the electrode. The nanobeam-V2O5/PEDOT composite film cathodes have high capacities, excellent rate capabilities and cycling stabilities at various C rates: their specific capacities were 262 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, 239 mAh g−1 at 1 C, 186 mAh g−1 at 10 C, and 141 mAh g−1 at 100 C. After testing the battery for more than 150 battery cycles at a rate of 10 C, the degradation rate was found to be approximately 9 %. The diffusion coefficient of the nanobeam-V2O5 crystalline electrode was calculated to be approximately 4.6×10−8; and those of α-, e-, and δ-LixV2O5 crystalline phases, were estimated to be in the range of (2.1–9.8)×10−10. Under the conditions of PEDOT coating and networking in the composite film, the diffusion coefficients of each phase of LixV2O5 that reversibly formed during the discharging and charging processes were able to be estimated.

Published
2011
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37. Association of the blaCMY-10 gene with a novel complex class 1 integron carrying an ISCR1 element in clinical isolates from Korea

Author

J S, Song, S J, Jang, J J, Lee, J H, Lee, I K, Bae, B C, Jeong, S-S, Cha, J-H, Lee, S-K, Hong, and S H, Lee

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Microbiology (medical), Sequence analysis, medicine.medical_treatment, Molecular Sequence Data, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Integron, Polymerase Chain Reaction, gshB, complex mixtures, beta-Lactam Resistance, beta-Lactamases, DNA sequencing, Integrons, law.invention, Microbiology, law, Republic of Korea, ISCR1, Escherichia coli, medicine, Humans, AmpC, Gene, Polymerase chain reaction, Genetics, complex class 1 integron, Base Sequence, Enterobacteriaceae Infections, Enterobacter aerogenes, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, Gene cassette, Infectious Diseases, Genes, Bacterial, blaCMY-10, Beta-lactamase, biology.protein, therapeutics
Abstract

The bla(CMY-10) gene responsible for β-lactam resistance was located on a new complex class 1 integron within a conjugative plasmid. The sul1-type class 1 integron, containing an aadA2a gene cassette, was identified upstream of bla(CMY-10). A unique gene array (yqgF-yqgE-gshB-orf97--orf105) was identified downstream of bla(CMY-10.).

Published
2010
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38. Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Bovine Myogenic Satellite Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation in Myotube

Author

I. Choi, E. J. Lee, H. J. Lee, S. K. Hong, E. J. Jang, Prati Bajracharya, and J. S. Chang

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Myogenesis, Cell growth, medicine.medical_treatment, Mesenchymal stem cell, Biology, Steroid hormone, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, Stem cell, Testosterone, Food Science, Hormone, Adult stem cell
Abstract

Myogenic satellite cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that activate and differentiate into myotubes. These stem cells are multipotent as they transdifferentiate into adipocyte-like cells, nerve cells and osteocytes. The effects of steroid hormones (E 2 and testosterone) were studied as a further step toward understanding the mechanism of MSCs proliferation and differentiation. In this study, MSCs were grown continuously for 87 days, implying that there may be a group of MSCs that continue to proliferate rather than undergoing differentiation. Isolated MSCs were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium supplemented with adult male, female or castrated bovine serum to observe the effect of steroid hormones on MSC proliferation. Cell proliferation was the highest in cultures supplemented with male serum followed by female and castrated serum. The positive effect of male hormone on MSC proliferation was confirmed by the observation of testosterone-mediated increased proliferation of cells cultured in medium supplemented with castrated serum. Furthermore, steroid hormone treatment of MSCs increased lipid accumulation in myotubes. Oil-Red-O staining showed that 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) treatment avidly increased lipid accumulation, followed by E 2 +testosterone and testosterone alone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of lipid accumulation in myotubes due to steroids in the absence of an adipogenic environment, and the effect of steroid hormones on cell proliferation using different types of adult bovine serum, a natural hormonal system. In conclusion, we found that sex steroids affect MSCs proliferation and differentiation, and lipid accumulation in myotubes.

Published
2010
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39. A Study on Hydraulic Autofrettage of Thick-Walled Cylinders Incorporating Bauschinger Effect

Author

Y. S. Lee, Woo-Sung Shim, K. U. Cha, S. K. Hong, and Jwa-Jin Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Autofrettage, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Bauschinger effect, Aerospace Engineering, Internal pressure, Fracture mechanics, Structural engineering, Plasticity, Pressure vessel, Mechanics of Materials, Residual stress, Ultimate tensile strength, Composite material, business
Abstract

Pressure vessels which are subjected to cyclic external or internal high pressure are used in many fields of industry and need to be sure of reliability and safety. To ensure of reliability and safety, thick-walled cylinder, such as a cannon or nuclear reactor, is autofrettaged to induce advantageous residual stresses. The compressive residual stress which was introduced by autofrettage process acts to offset the tensile residual stress induced by internal pressure. It increases operating pressure and restrains crack initiation and crack propagation. As the autofrettage level increases, the magnitude of compressive residual stress at the bore also increases. However, the Bauschinger effect reduces the compressive residual stresses with prior tensile plastic strain, and decreases the beneficial autofrettage effect. There are some differences between theoretical solution considering elastic-perfectly material behavior and real autofrettage process results. The purpose of the present paper is to predict the accurate residual stress of SNCM 8 high strength steel using the Kendall model which was adopted by ASME Code. The tensile and uniaxial Bauschinger effect tests of SNCM 8 were performed to evaluate Bauschinger effect factor(BEF), thereafter this constant was used in calculating the residual stress. The residual stress distribution which is considering the Bauschinger effect was profiled using Kendall model, and the results were compared with the analytical and Finite Element analysis. The results were found that residual stress incorporating the Bauschinger effect at bore was smaller than ideal calculation. These results should be considered in designing pressure vessels.

Published
2009
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40. Semi-Continuous and Continuous Anaerobic Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for the Production of Organic Acids and Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Author

A. R. Nor Aini, S. K. Hong, Mohd Ali Hassan, and Yoshihito Shirai

Subjects
Biochemical oxygen demand, Chromatography, Waste management, Hydraulic retention time, Chemistry, polyhydroxyalkanoates, Industrial fermentation, General Medicine, equipment and supplies, Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Butyric acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pome, organic acids, Bioreactor, anaerobic treatment, Fermentation, Palm oil mill effuent, distillaticn
Abstract

The aim of this study was to improve organic acids production in semi and continuous anaerobic treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) using a locally fabricated 50 L Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). The organic acids obtained were then used for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production by Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 in a 2 L bioreactor. The conditions used in the anaerobic treatment were controlled pH 6.5, sludge to POME ratio at 1:1 and Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 4 days. The organic acids obtained were about 15 g L-1 at steady state for both treatments and the organic acids yield (based on BOD) was 58.3%. The selected organic acids obtained were acetic (51.5%), propionic (27%) and butyric (21.5%) acid. The recovery of the clarified and concentrated organic acids from the treated POME was made using a two-steps evaporation process. The clarified organic acids (distillate) obtained were comprising of 44.6, 20.1 and 22.5 g L-1 acetic, propionic and butyric acids, respectively with a recovery of 76%. The organic acids collected were then used for polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulation by Ralstonia eutropha ATCC 17699 using pH stat fed-batch fermentation under nitrogen limitation of C/N 40 in a 2 L fermenter. The highest PHA concentration of 11.4 g L-1 (>90% w/w) was achieved in this process.

Published
2009
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41. Detection of a Countable Number of Magnetic Particles for Biological Applications Using a Hall Device

Author

Yung-Jun Kim, Seung-Beck Lee, Jinki Hong, Sangsu Kim, K. H. Kim, Sungjung Joo, S. K. Hong, Weontae Lee, Kungwon Rhie, Yunchul Chung, and Kyung-Ho Shin

Subjects
Physics, Particle number, Condensed matter physics, Magnetometer, Demagnetizing field, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, Magnetic particle inspection, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Signal, law.invention, Magnetic field, law, Magnetic nanoparticles, Biosensor
Abstract

We fabricated a magnetic field sensor made of an InAs quantum-well. Various numbers of magnetic particles were located on the sensor and the stray field generated by the magnetic particles was detected using micro-Hall magnetometry at room temperature. A numerical calculation carried out for this device successfully explained the experimental results and a useful equation relating the signal of the device and the number of particles was deduced.

Published
2008
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42. Preparation of high Jc YBCO films on LAO by spray pyrolysis process using nitrate precursors

Author

Jinho Joo, Jung-Gu Kim, Ji-Hyun Ahn, S.-K. Yu, H.-W. Cho, Hai-Doo Kim, Gye-Won Hong, S.-K. Hong, and Hee-Gyoun Lee

Subjects
Superconductivity, Materials science, Nozzle, Analytical chemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Substrate (electronics), Partial pressure, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Spray nozzle, Deposition (phase transition), Texture (crystalline), Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

High J c over 1 MA/cm 2 YBCO film has been successfully prepared using nitrate precursors by a spray pyrolysis method. Precursor mists generated using a concentric spray nozzle were directly sprayed on a LaAlO 3 (1 0 0) single crystal substrate. The cation ratio of precursor solution was Y:Ba:Cu = 1:2.65:1.35. The distance between nozzle and substrate was 15 cm. Deposition temperature was ranged from 760 to 800 °C and deposition pressure was 100 Torr. Oxygen partial pressure was varied from 10 Torr to 50 Torr. The microstructure, phase formation, texture development and superconducting properties of deposited films were largely changed with oxygen partial pressure and deposition area. Deposited films showed a texture with (0 0 1) planes parallel to substrate plane. High quality film was obtained when the film was deposited at 760 °C with an oxygen partial pressure of 30 Torr. The critical current density ( J c ) of the YBCO film was 1.75 MA/cm 2 at 77 K and self-field.

Published
2007
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43. Analysis of the relation between leakage current and dislocations in GaN‐based light‐emitting devices

Author

S. K. Hong, Seogwoo Lee, D. C. Oh, Takafumi Yao, J. W. Choi, Meoung Whan Cho, J. E. Shin, Hiroki Goto, Jeong Soo Lee, Jun-Ho Jang, Takashi Hanada, Hyo-Jong Lee, S. R. Cho, Jun-Seok Ha, Jeong-Hyeon Choi, and H. Y. Lee

Subjects
Diffraction, Materials science, business.industry, Hydride, Condensed Matter Physics, Epitaxy, Sample (graphics), law.invention, Crystallography, Transmission electron microscopy, law, Optoelectronics, Dislocation, business, Order of magnitude, Light-emitting diode
Abstract

In order to understand the origin of leakage current, light emitting devices were grown on two different templates with apparently different dislocation density: one on thin GaN template (∼2 μm) with higher dislocation density (low × 109 cm–2) prepared by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (sample A), and the other on thick GaN template (∼20 μm) with comparatively low dislocation density (high × 108 cm–2) by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (sample B). Especially, the template B showed very low value of the dislocation density for a screw component, 2.2 × 107 cm–2 evaluated by transmission electron microscope and 2.3 × 107 cm–2 approximated by the Williamson-Hall plot which was evaluated by high resolution X-ray diffraction, respectively. On the other hand, sample A showed one order higher, low × 108 cm–2, than that of sample B for a screw component. Sample A showed the larger leakage current (more than two orders of magnitude) than sample B in a forward-biased region and a reverse-biased region also. It is expected that the screw dislocation were strongly contributed to the leakage current of forward and reverse I-V regions in LEDs. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Published
2007
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44. Control of crystal polarity in oxide and nitride semiconductors by interface engineering

Author

H. J. Ko, S. K. Hong, T. Suzuk, H. Suzuki, Takafumi Yao, Tsutomu Minegishi, and Meoungwhan Cho

Subjects
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction, Materials science, Condensed Matter::Other, business.industry, Polarity (physics), Oxide, Physics::Optics, Heterojunction, Nitride, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystal, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Sapphire, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photonics, business
Abstract

The ZnO-based oxide and GaN-based nitride semiconductors have been explored for applications to photonic devices in the UV wavelength region and high power electronic devices, where the control of crystal polarity is one of the key issues. This paper will deal with the control of crystal polarity in ZnO/GaN heterostructures and ZnO/sapphire heterostructures by interface engineering.

Published
2006
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45. Homoepitaxial SiC deposition by MBE with Si and monomethlysilane

Author

Takafumi Yao, M. Komatz, S. K. Hong, and Kiyoto Matsuishi

Subjects
Crystal, Crystallography, Materials science, Atomic force microscopy, Stacking, Analytical chemistry, Irradiation, Island growth, Condensed Matter Physics, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Deposition (law), Molecular beam epitaxy
Abstract

A molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been tried with Si as a solid source to modify the growing surface and monomethylsilane (MMS) as a gas source to build the crystal for homoepitaxial SiC depositions on 4H-SiC (0001) and (000-1) on–axis substrates. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that the step–flow growth and the two-dimensional island growth took place on the (0001) and the (000-1) substrates, respectively, instead of the three-dimensional island growth, when the films were grown with Si irradiation. The film crystalline polytype was identified as 4H-SiC in high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) on the stacking sequence of the crystal. Raman scattering spectroscopy indicated that the films grown with the Si irradiation had less imperfection than those grown without it. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Published
2006
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46. RETRACTED: The discharge electrode for Ar2∗ excimer laser using plasma cathode

Author

Nobuya Hayashi, Chobei Yamabe, S. K. Hong, Satoshi Ihara, S. B. Wee, and S. Satoh

Subjects
Materials science, Argon, Excimer laser, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, chemistry.chemical_element, Plasma, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cathode, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, law, Electrode, medicine, Light emission, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business
Abstract

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Author. Please see http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy . Reason: The authors published a very similar article in another journal: “Main-discharge formation and light emission in pure Ar gas at multi-atomospheric pressure using the automatically pre-ionized plasma electrode,” S.K. Hong, N. Hayashi, S. Ishihara, S. Satoh, C. Yamabe, Vacuum , Vol. 79 (2005) pp. 25–36.

Published
2005
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47. Main-discharge formation and light emission in pure Ar gas at multi-atmospheric pressure using the automatically pre-ionized plasma electrode

Author

Nobuya Hayashi, Chobei Yamabe, S. K. Hong, S. Satoh, and Satoshi Ihara

Subjects
Excimer laser, Atmospheric pressure, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Analytical chemistry, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Ionization, Electrode, medicine, Deposition (phase transition), Light emission, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Line (formation)
Abstract

For the investigation of the possibility of the discharge-pumped Ar 2 * excimer laser action, characteristics of the discharge and the light emission in multi-atmospheric (1–5 atm) pure Ar gas have been investigated using the API (automatically pre-ionized) plasma electrode. It was demonstrated that the uniform pre-ionization forms the uniform main-discharge by the control effect of capacitance Cpr and the maximum energy deposition was increased. The light emission characteristics were investigated by Ar atomic line and Ar ionic line. The intensity of the Ar ionic line at 427.8 nm increased proportionally to the approximate cubic of the Ar gas pressure but that of Ar atomic line at 696.9 nm saturated at pressure above 4 atm.

Published
2005
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48. ZnO epitaxial layers grown on c-sapphire substrate with MgO buffer by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (P-MBE)

Author

T Yao, H J Ko, Andhy Setiawan, S K Hong, and M W Cho

Subjects
Materials science, Reflection high-energy electron diffraction, Analytical chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Epitaxy, Mosaicity, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystallography, Electron diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy, Materials Chemistry, Wetting, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Molecular beam epitaxy, Wetting layer
Abstract

ZnO films on c-sapphire with and without an MgO buffer were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. ZnO with an MgO buffer was two dimensionally grown, while ZnO without an MgO buffer was grown three dimensionally, which was confirmed by in situ RHEED (reflection high energy electron diffraction) and AFM (atomic force microscopy) observations. Morphology evolution and growth mechanism of an MgO buffer were studied by in situ RHEED observations. Mosaicity (tilt and twist angle), type and density of dislocation were studied by both TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and HRXRD (high resolution x-ray diffraction). Based on in situ RHEED observations, MgO buffer growth involves three important steps including two-dimensional (2D) growth (wetting layer), 2D–3D growth transition and 3D growth. The mechanism of MgO buffer growth can be attributed to three inter-related effects. They are lowering surface energy through a wetting process, creating nucleation sites through a 2D–3D growth transition, and reducing the defect density by introducing dislocation interactions. It was found that the surface morphology and structural properties of the ZnO layers were improved by employing a thin MgO buffer layer grown at around 500 °C followed by high temperature annealing at 800 °C. By introducing an MgO buffer, the formation of 30° rotational domains in ZnO layers was suppressed, and screw and edge dislocation density of ZnO layers was reduced from 6.1 × 10 8 cm−2 to 8.1 × 105 cm−2 and from 1.3 × 1010 cm−2 to 1.1 × 1010 cm−2, respectively.

Published
2005
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49. Rapid Screening of Salmonella spp. Using PBM BioSignTM Salmonella Test and Evaluation of the PBMS Test

Author

Yong Ho Park, W. K. Jung, S. K. Hong, J. Y. Lim, K. T. Park, N. H. Kwon, and Jin Man Kim

Subjects
Colony-forming unit, Salmonella, biology, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Bacteria, Volume concentration, Food Science, Gram, Microbiology
Abstract

The PBM BioSign TM Salmonella (PBMS) test kit based on an immunochromatographic method was evaluated for the screening of Salmonella spp. in pure cultures, and 80, 15, and 10 artificially and naturally contaminated, and negative controlled food samples, respectively. The PBMS test involves presumptive qualitative procedures, detecting the presence of Salmonella spp. in foods within 26 h total testing period and allowing the user to release negative products 70 h earlier than the conventional methods. The PBMS test using Buffered Peptone Water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth was evaluated for 10 different food types for various Salmonella spp. It showed detection limits of 1 to 25 colony forming units (CFU)/25 g. No cross-reaction was observed, particularly to other gram- negative bacteria. These results indicate the PBMS test is a rapid and inexpensive procedure for the screening of Salmonella spp. present at low concentrations (1 to 25 CFU/25 g) in foods. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 12 : 1746-1750)

Published
2004
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