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Leiomyomas are the most common benign smooth muscle neoplasm in the uterus occurring most commonly in women of reproductive age group. Leiomyomas commonly undergo secondary changes such as hyaline, cystic or myxoid degeneration, and very rarely ossification. Cartilage or bone formation in the uterine endometrium may be attributable to the differentiation of multipotent endometrial stromal fibroblasts into osteoblasts, either spontaneously or due to strong continuous endometrial estrogenic stimulation. There are very few reported cases of chondroid metaplasia in uterine leiomyomas. In this article, we describe a rare instance of pure cartilaginous metaplasia in a uterine fibroid in a woman with a history of several abortions. A 30-year-old woman with G3A3 obstetric score came with secondary infertility due to multiple uterine fibroids. The specimens from the laparoscopic adenomyomectomy were sent for histological analysis, which revealed many leiomyomas with chondroid metaplasia. Cartilaginous or chondroid metaplasia, although rare, may appear in a long-standing uterine leiomyoma and must be suspected in young females with a history of multiple abortions.

Microorganisms cause variety of diseases that constitutes a severe threat to mankind. Due to the upsurge of many infectious diseases, there is a high requirement and demand for the development of safety products finished with antimicrobial properties. The study involves the antimicrobial activity of natural cotton coated with copper iodide capped with Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower extract (CuI-FE) which is rich in anthocyanin, cyanidin-3-sophoroside by ultrasonication method. The coated and uncoated cotton fabric was characterised through XRD, SEM, AFM, tensile strength and UV–Visible spectroscopic techniques. XRD confirmed the formation of CuI particles, SEM showed that CuI-FE was prismatic in shape. The average size of CuI-FE particles was found to be 552.45 nm. Anti-bacterial studies showed copper iodide particles to be a potent antimicrobial agent. AFM images confirmed the rupture of bacterial cell walls in the presence of prismatic CuI-FE. In-vitro cytotoxicity investigation of CuI-FE was performed against cancer and spleen cell lines to evaluate the cell viability. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed the IC50 value of 233.93 μg/mL in the presence of CuI-FE. Molecular docking study was also carried out to understand the interaction of CuI-FE with COVID-19 main protease. This paper has given an insight on the usage of CuI-FE coated on the cotton fabric that has proved to have strong inhibition against the nano ranged bacterial, cancerous cell line and a strong interaction with the COVID-19 protease. Such eco-friendly material will provide a safe environment even after the disposable of medical waste from the infectious diseases like influenza and current pandemic like COVID-19.

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding short, single-stranded RNA molecules that may serve as biomarkers for various inflammatory and molecular mechanisms underlying bone and tissue remodeling consequent to orthodontic force application. Methods A thorough literature search in major databases was conducted in March 2021 to generate evidence for miRNAs in orthodontics, with prior PROSPERO registration. The initial search revealed 920 articles, subjected to strict selection criteria according to PRISMA, and resulted in final inclusion of four studies. Quality assessment by QUADAS-2 classified three studies as unclear risk-of-bias while the applicability was high. Further, bioinformatic analysis was performed to identify the target genes from the miRNA database (miRDB) and TargetScan databases and their protein-protein interaction pathways with the STRING analysis. Results Multiple miRNAs in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of orthodontic patients were seen, including miRNA-21, 27(a/b), 29(a/b/c), 34,146(a/b), 101, and 214 along with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 14 in one study. A statistically significant increase in expression of miRNA-29a/b/c,101, 21 from pre-treatment (before initiation of retraction) was seen to reach a peak at 4–6 weeks (wk) of retraction. On the contrary, miRNA-34a showed downregulation from the 1 day to 4 wk of retraction and also, negatively correlated with MMPs-2,9,14 levels at the same observation times. The distance of canine movement showed mild correlation with miRNA-27a/b, 214 at 2 wk of retraction. Bioinformatics revealed 1213 mutual target genes which were analyzed for inter-relational pathways using Cytoscape plugin, MCODE. Further, 894 prominent protein interactions were identified from the STRING database and SMAD4, IGF1, ADAMTS6, COL4A1, COL1A1, COL3A1, FGFR1, COL19A1, FBN1, COL5A1, MGAT4A, LTBP1, MSR1, COL11A1, and COL5A3 were recognized as the hub genes. Their interactions were able to isolate multiple miRNAs: hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-29b-2-5p, hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-34a-3p, hsa-miR-27a-5p, hsa-miR-29a-5p, hsa-miR-29b-1-5p, hsa-miR-29c-3p, hsa-miR-214-5p, hsa-miR-27a-3p, hsa-miR-29a-3p, hsamiR-146-5p, which were found promising as biomarkers for tooth movement. Conclusions Our results support using miRNAs as biomarkers in varied orthodontic study designs and for inter-relationships with pathological settings like periodontal disease, pre-malignancies, or conditions like obesity or metabolic irregularities, etc. The identified target genes and their protein interaction pathways can be used to propose precision therapies, focusing on ideal tooth movement with minimal iatrogenic side-effects.

Glioblastoma is an aggressive malignant tumor of the brain and spinal cord. Due to the blood–brain barrier, the accessibility of its treatments still remains significantly challenging. Unfortunately, the recurrence rates of glioblastoma upon surgery are very high too. Hence, understanding the molecular drivers of disease progression is valuable. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular drivers responsible for glioblastoma progression and identify valid biomarkers. Three microarray expression profiles GSE90604, GSE50601, and GSE134470 containing healthy and glioblastoma-affected samples revealed overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The interrelational pathway enrichment analysis elucidated the halt of cell cycle checkpoints and activation of signaling pathways and led to the identification of 6 predominant hub genes. Validation of hub genes in comparison with The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets identified the potential biomarkers of glioblastoma. The study evaluated two significantly upregulated genes, SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) and VIM (vimentin) for glioblastoma. The genes CACNA1E (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 e), SH3GL2 (SH3 domain-containing GRB2-like 2, endophilin A1), and DDN (dendrin) were identified as under-expressed genes as compared to the normal and pan-cancer tissues along with prominent putative prognostic biomarker potentials. The genes DDN and SH3GL2 were found to be upregulated in the proneural subtype, while CACNA1E in the mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma exhibits good prognostic potential. The mutational analysis also revealed the benign, possibly, and probably damaging substitution mutations. The correlation between the DEG and survival in glioblastoma was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier plots, and VIM had a greater life expectancy of 60.25 months. Overall, this study identified key candidate genes that might serve as predictive biomarkers for glioblastoma.

Objective: The main aim of the study was to identify the physical and chemical incompatibilities among the drugs administered intravenously to patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a 1000 bedded hospital. The study also envisaged establishing pharmaceutical guidelines for the administration of incompatible medications. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2018 in the ICU after getting approval from the Hospital Ethics Committee. A total of 104 medication charts were collected, and their data were analyzed. Compatibility of the selected drug with a second drug, when given together, was then analyzed using the Micromedex health-care series, Trissel's handbook of injectable drugs, and Manufacturer's product information. The pharmaceutical intervention was performed by preparing. The drug compatibility chart of selected drugs and the same was reported to the study department. Findings: Of 104 medication charts reviewed, 66 charts had incompatibility, accounting for 90 incompatibilities. Incompatibility between two intravenous (IV) bolus drugs constituted 68.8% with pantoprazole and ondansetron (85.4%) being the most frequent combination. Incompatibility between infusion-bolus was found to be 26.6%. Meropenem (infusion) and pantoprazole (bolus) constituted 16.6%. Incompatibility between two infusions in the same IV line was found to be 4.4%. A drug compatibility chart containing 19 selected drugs was prepared and submitted to the study department for their perusal. Conclusion: The current study showed that a significant number of drug incompatibilities occur in hospitalized critically ill patients in our tertiary care hospital. These incompatibilities could generally be prevented by adhering to proper medication administration techniques like flushing the line using compatible fluid or through a multi-lumen catheter or multiple IV access.

BACKGROUND: Alloantibodies against donor red blood cells (RBCs) are developed by patients with transfusion‑dependent thalassemia (TDT), which causes the donor RBCs to hemolyze. This decreases the transfusion’s efficacy and increases the risk of adverse effects like iron overload. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and five TDT patients with an average age of 11 ± 6 years enrolled in this study underwent the Direct Coombs Test (DCT) to determine the frequency of alloimmunization. RESULTS: Most cases were of thalassemia major (TM) (76.09%), followed by thalassemia intermedia (TI) and (21.95%). Most of the cases were diagnosed and started on regular blood transfusion therapy between the ages of 1 and 10 years. Majority of the cases were born of parental consanguinity. Only 13.17% of the patients underwent splenectomy, of which TM cases were the majority. Even though O‑positive was the most frequent blood type, most of the operated and alloimmunized cases belonged to the B‑positive blood type. Only 10.24% of the patients had alloimmunization, with 51.85% of them developing it after splenectomy. Among all study participants, no correlation was found between the blood group and the type of thalassemia, alloimmunization, or splenectomy. Among TDT cases, there was a significant correlation (P < 0.0001) between alloimmunization and splenectomy. Alloimmunization and splenectomy correlated significantly with the total number of transfusions, the volume of blood transfused, and the transfusion initiation age. CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the significance of antigen typing in TDT patients before the first transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacteriocin based strategy of biopreservation has got wide spread research interests in the recent past for their prospects in reducing usage of chemical preservatives. The bacteriocin GP1 with antibacterial activity and produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) GP1 was tested for its effect on sensory (color, odor, and appearance), chemical (pH, Total Volatile Base-Nitrogen (TVB-N), Total Methyl Amine (TMA), Total Free Fatty Acid) and bacteriological (total bacterial count, count of Staphylococcus sp., Aeromonas sp., total coliform, Lactobacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Vibrio sp.) quality attributes of fish filets stored at 4 and 0°C. The sensory attributes of the fish filets treated with the bacteriocin and control from 7 to 28 days of storage in both the storage temperatures varied significantly. The pH of the raw fish increased from the initial 6.8 to 7.91 and 7.43 for the control and bacteriocin GP1, respectively, at the end of storage period (28 days) when stored at 4°C. However, the pH showed a decreasing trend with the increase in period of storage for the samples stored at 0°C. The TVB-N content of the bacteriocin treated samples stored at 4°C remained within the limit of acceptability (35 mg/100 g) at the 21st day. The TMA level also remained within the acceptable limit of 10–15 mg/100 g at the 21st day in the case of bacteriocin-treated samples. The application of bacteriocin GP1 in the stored fish was effective in controlling the growth of coliforms, Aeromonas sp., Lactobacillus sp., and Vibrio sp. in the treated fish samples. The study concluded the prospects of bacteriocin GP1 as a biopreservative in storage of fish and fish products.