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Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) has been used to detect gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in biological samples, such as cells and tissues, by ionizing their attached monolayer ligands. Many NP-attached ligands, however, are difficult to ionize by LDI, making it impossible to track these NPs in biological samples. In this work, we demonstrate that concentrations of matrix-assisted LDI (MALDI) matrices an order of magnitude below the values typically used in MALDI can facilitate the selective detection of AuNPs with these ligands, even in samples as complex as cell lysate. This enhanced sensitivity arises from a synergistic relationship between the gold core and the matrix that helps to selectively ionize ligands attached to the AuNPs.

In this study, 3.664 suspected blood samples were examined in a manner of TORCH during one year period—January 1999 to January 2000. There were 1034 male donors and 2630 females ages at 0–41 and over. In the light of the investigation of the blood samples, antitoxoplasmosis gondii was found as 56.3% IgG positive in females and 41.1% IgG positive in males, whereas it was detected as 7.6% and 4.5% positive for IgM values, respectively. At the same time, rubella case was found out as 90.8% positive for female and 90.3% positive for male donors for IgG values, while it was 9.7% and 9.2% positive for IgM values, respectively. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was discovered as 83.8% positive in females and 81.2% positive in males for IgG and as 12.9% positive in female and 14.9% positive in male donors. Moreover, Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV - 1) was found out as 89.7% positive in females and 87.2% positive in males for IgG values whereas IgM values were detected as 6.9% positive for female and 8.5% positive f...

The use of microwave ovens has been increasing from day to day and they are used widely to heat and reheat foods in institutions, hospitals and homes. Recent scientific studies in microwave field have shown that thermal inactivation effects of microwave on microorganism can be a new sterilization method in future. In this study, the thermal inactivation of L. monocytogenes in cow milk was observed by means of microwave and conventionally heating. The performance of conventional and microwave heating were compared in this study in terms of thermal inactivation mentioned here. Any superiority of microwave heating was not observed according to conventional heating in terms of thermal inactivation of L. monocytogenes. However, microwave heating has shorter boiling and cooling time conventional heating.

The incidence and types of tinea capitis in 234 children aged 1-12 referred to our laboratory with a preliminary diagnosis of tinea capitis infection in the past 5 years were investigated. Tinea capitis was determined in 149 (63.7%) of these patients, of which agents grew in culture in 124 (83.2%). The most frequently isolated agents, in order of frequency, are as follows: Trichophyton violaceum (43.6%), Microsporum canis (37.9%), T. mentagrophytes (8.1%) and T. verrucosum (4.8%).

A study was carried out on 430 samples of different foodstuffs (soft cheese, raw chicken, minced beef, sausage, fish) and 400 carcase samples (sheep, young and adult cattle) for screening of Listeria monocytogenes. It was found that only one of the samples contained L. monocytogenes at10(3) cfu/ml in the initial examination, but another 42 samples contained L. monocytogenes following an enrichment process. L. monocytogenes was isolated most frequently from raw chicken samples (18%), but was not isolated from sausage samples. Forty-three isolates were defined as serotypes by using Bacto-Listeria-O-antisera Type 1 (Difco 2300-50-2) and Type 4 (Difco 2301-50-1) except that Type poly was not used. For these reasons, all isolates were classified as type 1 or type 4 and the other was termed untypeable. Twenty-one samples were type 1, 17 were untypeable, and 5 were both serotype 4 and untypeable.

Meiotic configurations and segregation were studied in tetraploid hybrids (4n=28) between Secale cereale (2n=14) carrying a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes II and VI and a derivative of Secale montanum (2n=14), naturally differing from S.cereale in a translocation involving chromosomes I, III and V. Multivalent frequencies of the translocation complexes were reduced compared to expected but of still appreciable magnitude, which was ascribed to incomplete preferential pairing. Marker segregation (one of the S. cereale translocation chromosomes) also suggested partial preferential pairing.