161 results on '"S. Grunwald"'
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2. Die Korrelation zwischen duktoskopischen und histopathologischen Befunden und ihre Relevanz als Dignitätsprädiktoren: eine nationale Multi-Center-Studie
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U Rechenberg, Marek Zygmunt, J-U Blohmer, Ines Buchholz, A Stomps, K. Hegenscheid, Kirsten Utpatel, Stefan Paepke, Markus Hahn, Thomas Kohlmann, O Camara, W Hahndorf, Ralf Ohlinger, S Möller, Z Alwafai, U Deichert, U. Peisker, and S. Grunwald
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- 2017
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3. Latent tuberculosis progression within a collective of human immunodeficiency virus infected patients
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T. Berg, S. Grunwald, A. Carganico, A. Volkwein, A. Baumgarten, and C. Mayr
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Latent tuberculosis ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,business ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Biochemistry ,Virology - Published
- 2019
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4. Smooth Muscle Stiffness Sensitivity is Driven by Soluble and Insoluble ECM Chemistry
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William G. Herrick, Shelly R. Peyton, Shruti Rattan, Alfred J. Crosby, Thuy V. Nguyen, Christopher W. Barney, and Michael S. Grunwald
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Chemistry ,Cell ,Motility ,Phenotype ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Cell biology ,Focal adhesion ,Extracellular matrix ,Mechanobiology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Biochemistry ,In vivo ,Modeling and Simulation ,medicine ,Integrin binding - Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) invasion into plaques and subsequent proliferation is a major factor in the progression of atherosclerosis. During disease progression, SMCs experience major changes in their microenvironment, such as what integrin-binding sites are exposed, the portfolio of soluble factors available, and the elasticity and modulus of the surrounding vessel wall. We have developed a hydrogel biomaterial platform to examine the combined effect of these changes on SMC phenotype. We were particularly interested in how the chemical microenvironment affected the ability of SMCs to sense and respond to modulus. To our surprise, we observed that integrin binding and soluble factors are major drivers of several critical SMC behaviors, such as motility, proliferation, invasion, and differentiation marker expression, and these factors modulated the effect of stiffness on proliferation and migration. Overall, modulus only modestly affected behaviors other than proliferation, relative to integrin binding and soluble factors. Surprisingly, pathological behaviors (proliferation, motility) are not inversely related to SMC marker expression, in direct conflict with previous studies on substrates coupled with single extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. A high-throughput bead-based ELISA approach and inhibitor studies revealed that differentiation marker expression is mediated chiefly via focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, and we propose that integrin binding and FAK drive the transition from a migratory to a proliferative phenotype. We emphasize the importance of increasing the complexity of in vitro testing platforms to capture these subtleties in cell phenotypes and signaling, in order to better recapitulate important features of in vivo disease and elucidate potential context-dependent therapeutic targets.
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- 2015
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5. Bändigung des Biestes : Kinky Stories
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Theresa S. Grunwald and Theresa S. Grunwald
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Verwandlungen, Sinnestäuschungen, Träume - Wirklichkeit und Fantasie bilden bei Theresa S. Grunwald ein köstliches Amalgam. Vertraute Liebhaber mutieren zu Wölfen, phallisches Tetris hypnotisiert, und Fangzähne auf Schamlippen erregen mehr als Cocktails und Champagner. Für die Erfüllung ihrer devoten Gelüste entdeckt die Autorin ihr animalisches Wesen, besorgt sich Kicks im Kino, in Tiefgaragen, mallorquinischen Buchten und erinnert sich mit Wonne an romantische Punks und Blutsauger. Mit welchen Mitteln auch immer, das Biest will gebändigt werden! Aber Achtung: Wer glaubt, die Widerspenstige zähmen zu können, muss sich seine Sporen als BDSM-Lover erst einmal verdienen! Nichts für zarte Gemüter! Von der Autorin des Luxury Kinky Blogs www.coeurdumal.com. Leseprobe und alle erhältlichen Ausgaben finden Sie auf www.cupido-books.com
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- 2016
6. Glucose, Nitrogen, and Phosphate Repletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Common Transcriptional Responses to Different Nutrient Signals
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Michael Conway, Warren Heideman, and Douglas S. Grunwald
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Transcription, Genetic ,Nitrogen ,RRPE ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Investigations ,yeast ,Biology ,Phosphates ,Transcriptome ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,Stress, Physiological ,Transcription (biology) ,cAMP ,Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ,Cyclic AMP ,Genetics ,Protein biosynthesis ,Cluster Analysis ,mitogenesis ,glucose ,Protein kinase A ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Genetics (clinical) ,phosphate ,Binding Sites ,Gene Expression Profiling ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,TOR ,biology.organism_classification ,Phosphate ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,protein kinase A ,transcription ,Signal Transduction ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae are able to control growth in response to changes in nutrient availability. The limitation for single macronutrients, including nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P), produces stable arrest in G1/G0. Restoration of the limiting nutrient quickly restores growth. It has been shown that glucose (G) depletion/repletion very rapidly alters the levels of more than 2000 transcripts by at least 2-fold, a large portion of which are involved with either protein production in growth or stress responses in starvation. Although the signals generated by G, N, and P are thought to be quite distinct, we tested the hypothesis that depletion and repletion of any of these three nutrients would affect a common core set of genes as part of a generalized response to conditions that promote growth and quiescence. We found that the response to depletion of G, N, or P produced similar quiescent states with largely similar transcriptomes. As we predicted, repletion of each of the nutrients G, N, or P induced a large (501) common core set of genes and repressed a large (616) common gene set. Each nutrient also produced nutrient-specific transcript changes. The transcriptional responses to each of the three nutrients depended on cAMP and, to a lesser extent, the TOR pathway. All three nutrients stimulated cAMP production within minutes of repletion, and artificially increasing cAMP levels was sufficient to replicate much of the core transcriptional response. The recently identified transceptors Gap1, Mep1, Mep2, and Mep3, as well as Pho84, all played some role in the core transcriptional responses to N or P. As expected, we found some evidence of cross talk between nutrient signals, yet each nutrient sends distinct signals.
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- 2012
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7. Breast Lesion Sizing by B-Mode Imaging and Sonoelastography in Comparison to Histopathological Sizing – a Prospective Study
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R. Isermann, B. Jäger, P. O. Behrndt, A. A. Geaid, S. Grunwald, Ralf Ohlinger, G. Hatzung, and D. Könsgen-Mustea
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Breast lesion ,Sonoelastography ,Breast Neoplasms ,Therapy planning ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Lesion ,Young Adult ,Breast cancer ,Breast Cyst ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Breast ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,Observer Variation ,Tumor size ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Tumor Burden ,Multicenter study ,Elasticity Imaging Techniques ,Female ,Ultrasonography, Mammary ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
PURPOSE: This prospective study evaluates whether sonoelastography can improve B-mode ultrasonographic sizing of breast tumors. Precise measuring is important for effective therapy planning for breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The size of 100 surgically excised breast lesions (92 patients: 77 malignant, 23 benign) was compared to preoperative measurements. Lesions were imaged with both ultrasonographic techniques in identical planes. The largest sizes measured with each modality were compared to the largest histopathological measurements. The interobserver variability was also computed from measurements made by two examiners assessing identical planes. RESULTS: Both ultrasonographic measuring techniques underestimate lesion size. The sonoelastography measurements were within ± 5 mm of the histological size in 70.1 % of malignant lesions, and the B-mode measurements in 57.1 % of cases. Sonoelastography leads to more accurate measurements of 13.0 % of cases (statistically not significant). A total of 22 lesions were also imaged by a second examiner. Sonoelastography had 27.3 % less interobserver variability (examiners agreed in 36.4 % of sonoelastography and in 9.1 % of B-mode results). CONCLUSION: In this study there is no significant advantage of sonoelastography, although a tendency is apparent. The low interobserver variability also favors sonoelastography for preoperative diagnostics, since it may be less dependent on the observer than conventional B-mode imaging. The results of this prospective study require validation in a prospective multicenter study with larger case numbers.
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- 2010
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8. Anderson Field-Level Variability of a Lunnyu-Affected Soil in Masaka, Central Uganda
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M.M. Tenywa ., P. Nkedi-Kizz, S. Grunwald, and B. Fungo
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Field (physics) ,Agroforestry ,Environmental science ,General Medicine - Published
- 2010
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9. Lunnyu Soils in the Lake Victoria Basin of Uganda:Link to Toposequence and Soil Type
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P. Nkedi-Kizza ., B. Vanlauwe ., S. Grunwald, M.M. Tenywa ., and B. Fungo
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Topsoil ,Lixisol ,Soil test ,Soil pH ,Soil water ,Soil science ,Soil classification ,Soil type ,Subsoil ,Geology - Abstract
We compared the physico-chemical characteristics of Lunnyu soils using soil type and slope position in order to explain their variability in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda.Lunnyu patches located on four different soil types (chromic lixisol, mollic gleysols and plinthic ferralsols) were selected. At each patch, the slope was divided into shoulder, back-slope and foot-slope. Five locations along the contour of each landscape position and at distance of 20 to 30 m were located and soil samples taken at two depths (0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm). The soils were analyzed for pH, available P, texture, and exchangeable bases. Lunnyu patches on chromic lixisol and mollic gleysols had higher pH, P, sand, clay and silt compared to those on plinthic ferralsols and petrifferic lixisol. Neither of the soil properties was influenced by landscape position. Soil pH, Ca, Mg, and K were higher in topsoil compared to subsoil. Neither slope position nor the type of lunnyu has showed consistent differences in all the soil properties. Results suggest a pedological explanation in which pH and texture could influence occurrence of the lunnyu soils. We recommend further studies of the pedological properties of the soils and other trace elements that this study has not investigated. Key words: Lunnyu soil, toposequence, soil type, Uganda
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- 2010
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10. Das zentrale Biopsieregister (ZBR) der Arbeitsgemeinschaft minimalinvasive Mammainterventionen (AG MiMi) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Senologie (DGS) – Entwicklung einer Datenbankapplikation
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Peter Sinn, U. Peisker, Bernhard Kraemer, S. Grunwald, Sylvia H. Heywang-Köbrunner, U. Krainick-Strobel, Ingrid Schreer, Stefan Paepke, Markus Hahn, S. Petrich, D. Wallwiener, C. Gall, Ines Gruber, R Ohlinger, Jürgen Hoffmann, P. Scheler, and H. Zoche
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- 2008
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11. Estimation of the Actual and Attainable Terrestrial Carbon Budget
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Xiong Xiong, S. Grunwald, and P. Chaikaew
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Topsoil ,Land use ,chemistry ,Soil test ,Soil water ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Environmental science ,Primary production ,Soil carbon ,Land cover ,Atmospheric sciences ,Carbon - Abstract
Organic carbon is a key component of the terrestrial system that affects the physical, chemical, and biological processes. Changes in both the soil and the terrestrial carbon storage occur due to the interactions of natural ecological processes and anthropogenic activities. Research gaps to quantify soil and terrestrial carbon still exist. To discern between the actual and attainable carbon pools is critical to identify suitable adaptation and management alternatives to optimize natural carbon capital in the context of regional imposed changes, such as land use and climate change. Our objectives were to: (i) assess the spatially explicit relationships between observed soil organic carbon (SOC) and environmental factors and (ii) assess actual (TerrCactual) and attainable (TerrCattain) terrestrial carbon capital considering below-ground (soil) and above-ground (biomass) carbon. We collected 234 soil samples in the topsoil (0–20 cm) in 2008 and 2009 across the Suwannee River Basin in Florida, USA, based on a random design stratified by land cover/land use and soil suborders. For above-ground carbon assessment, we derived data from the LANDFIRE project which provided a high-resolution map of year-2000 baseline estimates of biomass carbon. A comprehensive set of 172 soil-environmental and human covariates was assembled from multiple data sources to predict and validate observed SOC stocks and TerrCactual using Random Forest (RF). The STEP-AWBH conceptual model (with S: Soil, T: Topography, E: Ecology, P: Parent material, A: Atmosphere, W: Water, B: Biota, and H: Human factors) provided the conceptual modeling framework to model TerrCattain that was implemented using RF and simulated annealing in combination. In the simulation, the STEP factors were kept constant, but the AWBH factors were varied by ±10, ±20, and ±30 %. The combined factors which amount to the highest modeled terrestrial carbon stocks were postulated to equal the attainable terrestrial carbon stocks. Results suggest that the TerrCattain stocks showed slightly larger amounts than the TerrCactual stocks across the basin. The TerrCactual was 190 Tg C and the maximum TerrCattain was 195 Tg C. Biotic, soil, parent material, topographic, and water-related factors played important roles in determining SOC storage, while human factors were only weak predictors. Although mean annual precipitation and monthly mean temperature in summer months were significant to explain both SOC and terrestrial carbon stocks, they showed moderate/minor influence on carbon storage. The land use/land cover variables were the strongest factors predicting soil and terrestrial carbon stocks. These findings suggest that land use adaptions have much potential to achieve TerrCattain, specifically conversions from cropland to land use systems with larger net primary productivity. Bare soils, which represent marginal soils, also have potential to elevate carbon storage through management adaptions that do not compete with other land uses.
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- 2016
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12. Granularzelltumor der weiblichen Brust
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D. Arndt, G. Köhler, K. Bobermien, R Ohlinger, G. Schwesinger, S. Grunwald, K. Schulz, and H. Heyer
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Granular cell tumor ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Mammary gland ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,medicine.disease ,Lesion ,Breast cancer ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Maternity and Midwifery ,Medical imaging ,Medicine ,Breast MRI ,Ultrasonography ,medicine.symptom ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,business ,Pathological - Abstract
Granular cell tumors are also referred to as granular cell neuromas, Abrikossoffs tumors, or granular cell myoblastomas. These rare and mostly benign neoplasms originate from Schwann cells of peripheral nerves. In 5 -6% of cases, the lesion is located inside the breast where it may mimic the clinical and imaging features of invasive breast cancer. We report on a 52-year-old patient who palpated a firm mass in the sternocostal region of her left breast during breast self-examination. The suspicious area did not reveal any mammographic anomalies. The character of the lesion was not assessable by ultrasonography. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy did not reveal the diagnosis either. Breast MRI was most compatible with breast cancer. Histopathologic analysis after diagnostic excision revealed a granular cell tumor. We discuss pathological and clinical features including diagnostic imaging, management, and prognosis of this rare condition.
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- 2006
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13. Radial Scar/Complex Sclerosing Lesion of the Breast - Value of Ultrasound
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S. Grunwald, G. Schwesinger, A. Kühl, A. Schimming, G. Köhler, H. Heyer, and Ralf Ohlinger
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Radial Scar/Complex Sclerosing Lesion ,Radial scar ,Scars ,Physical examination ,Malignancy ,Palpation ,Breast Diseases ,Cicatrix ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Mammography ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Aged ,Ultrasonography ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Female ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Purpose Although benign, radial scar/complex sclerosing adenosis is a lesion which histopathologically resembles tubular carcinoma. On physical examination, it is difficult to distinguish radial scar from a malignant tumour. Mammography cannot differentiate radial scar from malignancy. This clinical study aims to delineate the role of preoperative ultrasonography with emphasis on the question whether ultrasonography could lower the number of false-positive readings and therefore the number of open biopsies required. Materials and methods In this examination, we present the clinical, mammographic, ultrasonographic, and histopathological features of 6 cases of radial scars. Results Although most authors describe radial scars as non-palpable, 2 of 6 lesions were indeed palpable. On mammograms, radial scars have a spiculated appearance, a feature observed in all of our cases. Numerous ultrasonographic characteristics are listed in the literature, but ultrasonography is not reported to have clear-cut advantages. Conclusion Although this study did not elucidate any unique ultrasonographic features to characterise these lesions, the analysis of all ultrasonographic results made us recognise a set of "nearly specific ultrasonographic features" of radial scars. Current B-mode imaging does not appear to lead to the desirable reduction of the rate of unnecessary open biopsies.
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- 2006
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14. Stellenwert der Duktoskopie in der Mammadiagnostik
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Stefan Paepke, Markus Hahn, Ralf Ohlinger, S. Grunwald, and V. R. Jacobs
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Medicine ,business - Abstract
Die Mamillensekretion ist ein haufig assoziiertes (je nach histologischem Befund 1–33%) Symptom bei Brusterkrankungen, das Karzinomrisiko wird dabei mit 1,3–47% angegeben. Die Sekretion der weiblichen Brustdruse ist eine besondere diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung, denn die Vielzahl der diagnostischen Verfahren (Inspektion, Palpation, Zytologie, Mammographie, Galaktographie, Sonographie einschlieslich Duktsonographie, MRT, Duktallavage) lassen nicht immer eine Dignitatsdifferenzierung (maligne vs. benigne) zu. Alle bisher eingesetzten Methoden sind indirekte Verfahren zur Darstellung des Milchgangssystems und intraduktaler Prozesse. Mit der minimal-invasiven endoskopischen Milchgangsspiegelung (Duktoskopie, syn. Galaktoskopie) steht erstmalig eine Methode zur Verfugung, die eine direkte Visualisierung intraduktaler Veranderungen bei pathologischer Sekretion zulasst. Die ungezielte Milchgangsexstirpation konnte durch eine gezielte Probeentnahme unter duktoskopischer Sicht bald der Vergangenheit angehoren. Die Machbarkeit der Duktoskopie ist grundsatzlich erwiesen, ihr Stellenwert in der Diagnosekette bei Mamillensekretion wird derzeit weltweit gepruft. In Deutschland wird sie zunehmend eingesetzt, zunachst aber noch als zusatzliches Diagnostikum auf experimenteller Basis. Der unkritische breite Einsatz dieser neuen Methode kann vor dem Vorliegen valider Ergebnisse im Rahmen von Studien aktuell noch nicht empfohlen werden.
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- 2006
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15. Endoskopische Milchgangsspiegelung - Indikationen und praktische Durchführung
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S. Grunwald, Ralf Ohlinger, K. Schulz, Stefan Paepke, and H. Heyer
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Gynecology ,Ductoscopy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Breast duct endoscopy ,medicine.disease ,Nipple discharge ,Breast cancer ,Multicenter study ,Cytology ,Maternity and Midwifery ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Galactography - Abstract
Sekretorische Brusterkrankungen haben die unterschiedlichsten Ursachen, wobei insbesondere das Milchgangspapillom als Prakanzerose eine diagnostische Hurde darstellt. Einen hohen Stellenwert in der Diagnostikkette nehmen die Galaktographie und die zytologische Untersuchung des Mamillenabstrichs ein. Zusatzliche Informationen lassen sich aber mit der endoskopischen Milchgangsdarstellung, der Duktoskopie erlangen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll deren Durchfuhrung ausfuhrlich dargestellt werden. Abschliesende Aussagen bezuglich der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der Duktoskopie sind ohne direkten Vergleich aller diagnostischen Moglichkeiten zurzeit jedoch noch nicht moglich, eine Multizenterstudie zur Erzielung evidenzbasierter Angaben ist geplant. Secretory disease of the breast can result from a wide spectrum of processes, one of which is ductal papilloma, a precancerous condition particularly difficult to diagnose. Breast duct endoscopy (breast ductoscopy, galactoscopy) adds valuable information to the findings provided by galactography and nipple discharge cytology, which are important steps in the diagnostic chain. The technique of breast duct endoscopy will be comprehensively covered in this publication. At present, no definitive statement can be made with respect to the diagnostic value of breast duct endoscopy. A definitive statement would require a direct comparison of all diagnostic options. A multicenter study designed to evaluate the method using evidence-based criteria is currently being planned.
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- 2006
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16. Ultrasonographic Compared to Histologic Sizing of Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions
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G. Köhler, G. Schwesinger, H. Frese, S. Grunwald, R Ohlinger, Stefan Paepke, and H. Heyer
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mammary gland ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Breast ultrasonography ,Physical examination ,Histology ,Resection ,Lesion ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Maternity and Midwifery ,medicine ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,Ultrasonography ,business ,Mastectomy - Abstract
Aim: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between ultrasonographic and histologic sizing of benign and malignant breast lesions. Ultrasonography is an important adjunct, because palpatory findings are insufficient to decide about the surgical management, e.g. tissue-sparing resection versus mastectomy. Neither does the physical examination suffice to determine if to proceed with surgery or primary chemotherapy. Method: Over a two-year period, breast ultrasonographic and the corresponding histologic sizing data were prospectively collected. The largest measurement obtained for each lesion was entered into the analysis. Results: Among a total number of 281 lesions, 152 (54.1%) were benign and 129 (45.9%) malignant. Measured by ultrasonography, 74.6% of tumors up to 10 mm are benign. Both ultrasonographic and histologic size data were available in 199 cases. Seven patients had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, leaving 192 lesions for final analysis. By ultrasonography, lesions measured between 3 and 86 mm (mean 18.1 mm) in size. The average size of benign lesions was 15.3 mm, the average size of malignant lesions 21.4 mm. All lesions larger than 50 mm were malignant. There is a trend toward slight overestimation of the size of malignant and underestimation of the size of benign lesions by ultrasonography. In 33.9% (n = 65) of all 192 cases, ultrasonographic and histologic measurements agreed to within 2 mm. Conclusion: Due to precise lesion sizing, breast ultrasonography possesses a significant potential as a preoperative staging tool.
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- 2006
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17. Spatial Patterns of Labile Forms of Phosphorus in a Subtropical Wetland
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S, Grunwald, R, Corstanje, B E, Weinrich, and K R, Reddy
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Sewage sludge ,Environmental Engineering ,Biosolids ,business.industry ,Environmental engineering ,Phosphorus ,Models, Theoretical ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Pollution ,Manure ,Hazard ,Biotechnology ,Wastewater ,Environmental science ,Sewage treatment ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,Ecosystem ,Water Science and Technology ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Phosphorus (P) has been identified as the key constituent defining wetland productivity, structure, and function. Our goal was to investigate the spatial patterns of total P and three labile forms of P (labile organic, inorganic, and microbial biomass P) across a subtropical wetland located in east-central Florida, the Blue Cypress Marsh Conservation Area (BCMCA), and link spatial patterns to ecosystem processes. The wetland received a continual input of nutrients primarily from the south and intermittently from the west and east, respectively, which ceased in the mid-1990s. Since then the marsh system has been undergoing natural succession. We used (i) ordinary kriging to characterize the spatial patterns of total P and labile P forms across the wetland, (ii) local, moving spatial correlations to investigate relationships between total P and labile P forms, and (iii) a clustering technique to link the identified spatial patterns to biogeochemical processes. The spatially explicit analyses revealed patterns of total P and labile P forms as well as changing relationships between variables across the marsh. We were able to distinguish P-enriched areas from unaffected ("natural") areas and intermediate zones that are currently undergoing change as P is mobilized and translocated. We also identified areas that are at risk, showing a shift toward a more P-enriched status. Our results improve our understanding of P and its labile components within a spatially explicit context.
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- 2006
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18. Minimalinvasive Diagnostik sezernierender Brusterkrankungen durch Milchgangsendoskopie
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Marion Kiechle, U. Euler, M Warm, Stefan Paepke, B. Plattner, R. Ohlinger, S. Grunwald, Volker R. Jacobs, T. Fischer, and M. Hahn
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Ductoscopy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Nipple discharge - Published
- 2005
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19. Parenchymal Leiomyoma of the Breast - Clinical, Sonographic, Mammographic and Histological Features
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Ralf Ohlinger, S. Grunwald, G. Schwesinger, A. Schimming, and H. Heyer
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Biopsy ,Mitosis ,Breast Neoplasms ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Palpation ,Doppler imaging ,Lesion ,Parenchyma ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,neoplasms ,Ultrasonography ,Leiomyoma ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Echogenicity ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Acoustic shadow ,female genital diseases and pregnancy complications ,Homogeneous ,Female ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Mammography - Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraparenchymal leiomyomas of the breast are quite rare. Areolar lesions are distinguished from intraparenchymal leiomyomas, which are less frequent. Clinically, leiomyomas appear as nodules; mammographically, they show up as round lesions. Reports on sonographic criteria are rare, and the criteria are nonspecific. Based on our case of an intraparenchymal leiomyoma, we describe additional sonographic features. The clinical, mammographic and sonographic characteristics of an intraparenchymal leiomyoma of the breast were evaluated. After surgery, the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. RESULTS The clinical presentation of our patient with deep-seated leiomyoma of the breast included skin dimpling and a reduction in tissue mobility, differing from more commonly reported characteristics. Mammographically, the lesion was dense and only partly demarcated clearly, corresponding to other reports. On breast ultrasonography, the leiomyoma appeared as a hypodense, well demarcated, inhomogeneous lesion with posterior acoustic shadowing. A central tumour vessel was visible on Doppler imaging, and Cooper's ligaments were discontinuous. Acoustic shadowing, the hypodense character, hyperechoic border and the central tumour vessel are therefore additional ultrasonographic characteristics of an intraparenchymal leiomyoma of the breast. This type of lesion is usually described as isodense to hyperdense and homogeneous, possibly containing semicystic components. Previous reports have only described posterior acoustic enhancement, but not acoustic shadowing. CONCLUSION On breast ultrasonography, an intraparenchymal leiomyoma of the breast can present with posterior acoustic shadowing, hypodense echogenicity, a hyperechoic border and a central tumour vessel. Neither imaging studies nor palpation allow distinction between benign and malignant lesions.
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- 2005
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20. A WebGIS and geodatabase for Florida's wetlands
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V. Mathiyalagan, S. Grunwald, K. R. Reddy, and S. A. Bloom
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Visual Basic ,Geographic information system ,Geospatial analysis ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Java ,business.industry ,Ecology ,Spatial database ,Agricultural ecosystems ,Environmental resource management ,Forestry ,Wetland ,Horticulture ,computer.software_genre ,Computer Science Applications ,Geography ,Data as a service ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,computer ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
Florida's wetlands are impacted by agricultural, urban, and other human activities. This enrichment effect can be seen in many subtropical freshwater wetlands in Florida, most notably in the Everglades. Given the environmental and political interest in these wetlands, there is urgent need for a centralized repository and mechanism to share geospatial data, information and maps of Florida's wetlands and adjacent agricultural ecosystems. Our objective was to develop an interactive WebGIS and geodatabase for Florida's wetlands providing map and data services. We used ArcIMS, a commercially available software, which was extended using a MSAccess database, Java, Visual Basic and Active Server Pages to customize our application. Our Web-based tool facilitates to share data globally, provide end-users a cost-saving solution to access up-to-date spatial datasets customized for a specific topic to users with limited GIS knowledge. Staff from state and regional agencies and others are making increased use of our Web-tool to assist in the decision-making process to restore and preserve wetlands in Florida. Our interactive website of Florida's wetlands is accessible at http://www.giswetlands.ifas.ufl.edu.
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- 2005
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21. Primäres intrazystisches Plattenepithelkarzinom der Brust
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G. Schwesinger, S. Grunwald, G. Köhler, and Ralf Ohlinger
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Ductal carcinoma ,medicine.disease ,Malignancy ,Radiation therapy ,Internal medicine ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Adjuvant therapy ,Adenocarcinoma ,Cyst ,Radiology ,business - Abstract
We report on a 45-year-old patient who presented with a 7 cm palpable right breast mass which had been classified as a cyst by ultrasonography. Multiple aspiration cytologies revealed no evidence of malignancy. Repeat sonography in our institution showed a lesion at 1 o'clock, 1 cm deep, and 3-8 cm from the nipple. The lesion contained a solitary cystic component measuring 3.9 x 4.1 x 4.4 cm. A 3.1 x 2.6 x 2.5 cm solid, inhomogeneous mass with irregular margins was found at the lateral border of the cyst. This mass raised suspicion of an intracystic carcinoma. Histopathologic analysis of 5 high-speed biopsy tissue cores demonstrated an invasive large-cell ductal carcinoma (G2-3). Final histopathologic assessment subsequent to breast-preserving resection and axillary node dissection confirmed the initial diagnosis: keratinizing intracystic squamous cell carcinoma (G2-3, pT2, pN0 (0/15)). The search for a remote primary squamous cell carcinoma included a chest X-ray, cystoscopy, colposcopy and PAP smear, esophago-gastroscopy, ENT consultation (laryngoscopy), and did not reveal any extramammary cancer. The postoperative management consisted of a total of 6 cycles of chemotherapy (Cisplatinum 75 mg/m (2) BSA and Paclitaxel 175 mg/m (2) BSA every 21 days) and subsequent percutaneous radiotherapy. In accordance with published reports, the diagnostic and therapeutic management was analogous to that of adenocarcinoma of the breast. However, some authors recommend the same chemotherapy as used for squamous cell carcinomas of other organs. It remains difficult to make any statements regarding the adjuvant therapy and prognosis, since this type of tumor is so infrequent, especially as an intracystic lesion.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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22. SOIL LANDSCAPE MODELS AT DIFFERENT SCALES PORTRAYED IN VIRTUAL REALITY MODELING LANGUAGE
- Author
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Phillip Barak, Birl Lowery, S. Grunwald, and Kevin McSweeney
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Software visualization ,Geographic information system ,Soil texture ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Scientific visualization ,Soil Science ,Soil morphology ,computer.file_format ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Visualization ,VRML ,Computer graphics (images) ,Soil horizon ,business ,computer ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
Most state-of-the-art manipulations and visualizations of soil data use geographic information systems to portray soil landscapes in two dimensions (2-D). Nevertheless, soil attributes are distributed continuously in three dimensions (3-D) across landscapes. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), a 3-D graphics language suitable for stand-alone or browser-based interactive viewing, to create 3-D soil landscape models at different scales. Four different locations in southern Wisconsin were selected to represent pedon, catena, catchment, and soil region scales. Soil data, including texture, cone index, and depth of soil layers, were used in conjunction with topographic attributes to create 3-D soil landscape models. Spatial modeling techniques comprised 2-D and 3-D ordinary kriging. We used Environmental Visualization Software (EVS) to export the geometry of 3-D objects, which were enhanced to include: (i) viewpoints, (ii) Munsell colors, (iii) texture maps, (iv) 3-D cross-section animation, (v) animations such as zooming and rotation, and (vi) primitive shapes to highlight areas of interest. Virtual reality modeling language is capable of describing and visualizing extremely complex shapes, such as complex soil layers or terrain. Visualization of Munsell soil colors was difficult to implement because there is no hardware or software independent color-management system available in VRML. Animation techniques were valuable to high-light specific characteristics of each model. The accessibility of interactive VRML models via the World Wide Web and the portability of these models across platforms facilitate the entry of soil science into the virtual world of cyberspace.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. AN AGNPS-BASED RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT YIELD MODEL FOR TWO SMALLWATERSHEDS IN GERMANY
- Author
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S. Grunwald and L. D. Norton
- Subjects
Hydrology ,Universal Soil Loss Equation ,Erosion ,Environmental science ,Sediment ,Water quality ,Runoff curve number ,Surface runoff ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient ,Nonpoint source pollution - Abstract
The event-based Agricultural Non-Point Source (AGNPS) pollution model is used extensively to simulate surface runoff, sediment yield and nutrient transport in unmonitored watersheds. Investigation, that compare AGNPS predictions to measured data are rare. The objective of the present study was to compare surface runoff and sediment yield predictions from AGNPS water quality simulation model and modified versions to measured data. Shortcomings of the AGNPS model were examined. The study was carried out using 52 rainfall-runoff events, 22 for calibration and 30 for validation, from two small watersheds (G1 and G2) in Bavaria, Germany. Evaluation of model outputs was based on statistical comparisons between measured and predicted values for each rainfall-runoff event. We compared three different surface runoff prediction methods: uncalibrated curve number (Q1), calibrated curve number (Q2), and Lutz (Q3). The modifications made to sediment yield calculations encompassed: (i) replacement of the Universal Soil Loss Equation LS factor algorithm (S1) by one based on stream power theory (S2), and (ii) linkage of channel erosion by individual categories of particle size to runoff velocity (S3). Measured median for surface runoff was under-predicted by 55.5% using Q1, overpredicted by 36.8% using Q2 and over-predicted by 13.1% using Q3 in G1. The largest coefficient of efficiency (E) was calculated for Q3 with 0.96 followed by 0.93 for Q2 and 0.25 for Q1 in G1. In G2, measured median for surface runoff was underpredicted by 80.0% using Q1, overpredicted by 45.0% using Q2, and overpredicted by 35.0% using Q3 in G2. Best performance in terms of E was calculated by Q3 (0.83) followed by 0.76 for Q2 and 0.24 for Q1 in G2. Median sediment yield measurement was underpredicted by 57.2% using S1, underpredicted by 47.6% using S2 and underpredicted by 4.8% using S3 in G1. The largest E was calculated with 0.90 for S3 followed by 0.57 for S2 and 0.26 for S1 in G1. Measured median for sediment yield was underpredicted by 53.9% using S1, underpredicted by 38.5% using S2 and overpredicted by 3.3% using S3 in G2. E was largest with 0.72 (S3) followed by 0.60 (S2) and 0.57 (S1) in G2. Results of this study illustrated that a calibration of CN and Lutz method for surface runoff calculations and the use of variant S3 for sediment yield calculations with AGNPS model showed the highest merit to match measurements with predictions at the drainage outlet.
- Published
- 1999
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24. Allgemeine Gynäkologie. Fehlerquellen bei minimalinvasiven Interventionen der Brust hellip; hellip; und wie man sie umgehen kann!
- Author
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U. Peisker, S. Grunwald, K. C. Siegmann, Stefan Paepke, Markus Hahn, U. Krainick-Strobel, C. Gall, R Ohlinger, D. Wallwiener, and A. Baur
- Subjects
Maternity and Midwifery ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Right hemisphere emotional perception: Evidence across multiple channels
- Author
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Joan C. Borod, Barbara A. Cicero, Loraine K. Obler, Joan Welkowitz, Hulya M. Erhan, Cornelia Santschi, Ilana S. Grunwald, Reto M. Agosti, and John R. Whalen
- Subjects
Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology - Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Part III—Integration of data to work towards a Meta Soil Carbon Model in the U.S
- Author
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S Grunwald, B Cao, X Xiong, C Ross, R Patarasuk, J Hempel, L West, S Andrews, S Wills, and T Loecke
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Part I—Conceptualization of a Meta Soil Model
- Author
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S Grunwald
- Subjects
Soil model ,Conceptualization ,Psychology ,Epistemology - Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Cross-regional digital soil carbon modeling in two contrasting soil-ecological regions in the US
- Author
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S. Grunwald X. Xiong and B. Cao
- Subjects
Total organic carbon ,Food security ,Ecoregion ,Ecology ,Global warming ,Land degradation ,Environmental science ,Climate change ,Context (language use) ,Soil carbon - Abstract
Two states in the U.S. were selected: Colorado and Florida, which are extremely different in terms of ecoregion, climate zone, topography and other ecological conditions.2.1 ColoradoColorado is a U.S. state that encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains (Fig. 1). Colorado is the 8th most extensive (size: 269,601 km2). Colorado is noted for its vivid landscape of1 INTRODUCTIONSoil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration has received much attention recently as the concentration of CO2 rises in the atmosphere, intensifying climate change. Considering global issues of significance, such as food security, land degradation, and global climate change, more emphasis is needed on maintaining soil’s natural condition under the impact of disturbances and human activities (Grunwald et al., 2011). Characterizing organic carbon (C) pools across large regions is critical to understanding the dynamics of soil C in the context of climate change.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Digital Soil Mapping
- Author
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P.R. Owens, S. Grunwald, James A. Thompson, and S. Roecker
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Soil map ,Hydrology ,Soil survey ,Soil functions ,Digital soil mapping ,Soil water ,Environmental science ,Soil horizon ,Soil science ,Hydropedology ,Waste disposal - Abstract
Spatial information on soils, particularly hydrologic and hydromorphic soil properties, is used to understand and assess soil water retention, flooding potential, erosion hazard, and depth to seasonal high water table. These properties influence soil use and management interpretations for construction, waste disposal, plant production, and water management. Observed soil characteristics (soil horizons and soil properties) serve as both evidence of past processes and an indicator of present processes. As such, hydrologic and hydropedologic factors are useful for understanding and predicting soil variability. Conversely, spatial information on soils can be a critical input to hydrologic and hydropedologic models. Digital soil mapping (DSM) has evolved from traditional soil survey to take advantage of advances in computing and geographic data handling, as well as increased availability of environmental covariate data from digital elevation models and remotely sensed imagery. Digital elevation models can be used to enhance the input to hydrologic and hydropedologic models and extrapolate outputs from these models.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The Retinoblastoma Gene Product RB Stimulates Spl-Mediated Transcription by Liberating Spl from a Negative Regulator
- Author
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Luke I Chen, Y.-H. F. Fu, I. Kitabayashi, K. Yokoyama, K. Kwan, S. Grunwald, Robert Chiu, and T. Nishinaka
- Subjects
Regulation of gene expression ,Transactivation ,Sp1 transcription factor ,Cyclin D1 ,biology ,Transcription (biology) ,Gene expression ,Retinoblastoma protein ,biology.protein ,Electrophoretic mobility shift assay ,Cell Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Molecular biology - Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product, RB, can either positively or negatively regulate expression of several genes through cis-acting elements in a cell-type-dependent manner. The nucleotide sequence of the retinoblastoma control element (RCE) motif, GCCACC or CCACCC, and the Sp1 consensus binding sequence, CCGCCC, can confer equal responsiveness to RB. Here, we report that RB activates transcription of the c-jun gene through the Sp1-binding site within the c-jun promoter. Preincubation of crude nuclear extracts with monoclonal antibodies to RB results in reduction of Sp1 complexes in a mobility shift assay, while addition of recombinant RB in mobility shift assay mixtures with CCL64 cell extracts leads to an enhancement of DNA-binding activity of SP1. These results suggest that RB is directly or indirectly involved in Sp1-DNA binding activity. A mechanism by which RB regulates transactivation is indicated by our detection of a heat-labile and protease-sensitive Sp1 negative regulator(s) (Sp1-I) that specifically inhibits Sp1 binding to a c-jun Sp1 site. This inhibition is reversed by addition of recombinant RB proteins, suggesting that RB stimulates Sp1-mediated transactivation by liberating Sp1 from Sp1-I. Additional evidence for Sp1-I involvement in Sp1-mediated transactivation was demonstrated by cotransfection of RB, GAL4-Sp1, and a GAL4-responsive template into CV-1 cells. Finally, we have identified Sp1-I, a approximately 20-kDa protein(s) that inhibits the Sp1 complexes from binding to DNA and that is also an RB-associated protein. These findings provide evidence for a functional link between two distinct classes of oncoproteins, RB and c-Jun, that are involved in the control of cell growth, and also define a novel mechanism for the regulation of c-jun expression.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Sonoelastography in the diagnosis of malignant and benign breast lesions: initial clinical experiences
- Author
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P. O. Behrndt, A. A. Geaid, Ralf Ohlinger, S. Grunwald, R. Isermann, Thomas Kohlmann, Marek Zygmunt, and G. Hatzung
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biopsy ,Sonoelastography ,Breast Neoplasms ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Breast Diseases ,medicine ,Mammography ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Breast ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Papilloma ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,Predictive value ,Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ,Carcinoma, Ductal ,Carcinoma, Lobular ,Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ,Fibroadenoma ,Elasticity Imaging Techniques ,Female ,Elastography ,Radiology ,Ultrasonography, Mammary ,Ultrasonography ,business - Abstract
PURPOSE: This prospective study aimed to compare sonoelastography, B-mode ultrasonography, and mammography in terms of their ability to distinguish benign from malignant breast lesions. We also assessed how the diagnostic value of sonoelastography differs between palpable and clinically occult lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Evaluation revealed a total of 97 lesions (66 benign; 31 malignant) without histological confirmation at the time of the initial examination. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) as well as efficiency were calculated. These parameters were separately assessed for palpable lesions and for non-palpable lesions. We subsequently compared these results. RESULTS: Sonography had a sensitivity of 97 % and a specificity of 82 % (PPV: 71 %, NPV: 98 %, efficiency: 87 %). For mammography, the respective figures were 84 % and 89 % (PPV: 79 %, NPV: 92 %, efficiency: 88 %). Sonoelastography had a sensitivity of 71 % and a specificity of 48 % (PPV: 39 %, NPV: 78 %, efficiency: 56 %). The combination of sonography and sonoelastography yielded a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 38 % (PPV: 43 %, NPV: 100 %, efficiency: 58 %). The sensitivity and specificity were not statistically different between the groups of palpable and non-palpable lesions. CONCLUSION: Sonoelastography is easily performed and not very time-consuming. Used by itself, the method is not more efficacious than alternative techniques. When used in conjunction with B-mode ultrasonography, the latter’s sensitivity was increased, albeit at the expense of specificity.
- Published
- 2010
32. Stb3 plays a role in the glucose-induced transition from quiescence to growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Author
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Michael Conway, Douglas S. Grunwald, Warren Heideman, and Dritan Liko
- Subjects
Ribosomal Proteins ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ,Transcription, Genetic ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Blotting, Western ,Nutrient sensing ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Investigations ,Histone Deacetylases ,Histones ,Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ,Genetics ,Protein Phosphatase 2 ,RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,Gene ,Psychological repression ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,biology ,Gene Expression Profiling ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ,biology.organism_classification ,Flow Cytometry ,Phenotype ,TOR signaling ,Histone ,Glucose ,Biochemistry ,RNA, Ribosomal ,Sweetening Agents ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,Trans-Activators ,Ribosomes ,Biomarkers ,Gene Deletion - Abstract
Addition of glucose to quiescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells causes the immediate induction of ∼1000 genes. These genes include ribosomal proteins (RP) and non-RP genes needed for ribosome production and other growth processes. RRPE sequence elements are commonly found 5′ of non-RP growth gene ORFs, and Stb3 has recently been identified as an RRPE binding protein. Stb3 overexpression (Stb3OE) produces a slow growth phenotype that is associated with reduced expression of non-RP genes and a drop in the rate of amino acid incorporation. Genes affected by Stb3 are associated with a TGAAAAA motif. Stb3 is restricted to the nucleus in quiescent cells and is immediately released into the cytoplasm after glucose repletion. The Stb3OE slow growth phenotype is reversed by loss of Hos2 histone deactylase activity, consistent with the idea that repression involves histone deacetylation. SCH9 overexpression or PPH22 deletion, mutations that activate target of rapamycin (Tor) nutrient sensing pathways, also reverse the Stb3OE phenotype. Inhibition of Tor signaling makes the phenotype more severe and restricts Stb3 to the nucleus. The results support a model in which Stb3 is one of the components that repress a large set of growth genes as nutrients are depleted. This repression is ended by glucose.
- Published
- 2010
33. Evaluation of the Transferability of a Knowledge-Based Soil-Landscape Model
- Author
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R.F. Long, J. McKay, S. Grunwald, and X. Shi
- Subjects
Soil series ,Computer science ,Digital soil mapping ,Inference ,Data mining ,Drainage ,Inference engine ,computer.software_genre ,computer ,Fuzzy logic ,Field (geography) ,Environmental data - Abstract
Knowledge-based digital soil mapping has been used extensively to predict soil taxonomic and physico-chemical soil characteristics. Fuzzy logic knowledge-based models allow explicit integration of knowledge and expertise from soil mappers familiar with a region. Questions remain about the transferability of soil-landscape models developed in one region to other regions. Objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a knowledge-based model to predict soil series and fuzzy drainage classes and assess its transferability potential between similar soil landscapes in Essex County, Vermont. Two study areas, study area W1, 3.5 km2 in size and study area W2, 1.9 km2 in size, were sampled at 128 and 42 sites, respectively. Both study areas are located in Essex County, Vermont. Rule-based fuzzy inference was used based on fuzzy membership functions characterizing soil-environment relationships to create a model derived from expert knowledge. The model was implemented using the Soil Inference Engine (SIE), which provides tools and a user-friendly interface for soil scientists to prepare environmental data, define soil-environment models, run soil inference, and compile final map products. Defuzzified raster predictions were compared to field mapped soil series and fuzzy drainage class properties to assess their accuracy.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Current State of Digital Soil Mapping and What Is Next
- Author
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S. Grunwald
- Subjects
business.industry ,Global warming ,Environmental resource management ,Soil science ,Context (language use) ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Digital soil mapping ,Soil water ,Land degradation ,Environmental science ,Environmental impact assessment ,State (computer science) ,business ,Temporal scales - Abstract
Digital soil mapping (DSM) involves research and operational applications to infer on patterns of soils across various spatial and temporal scales. DSM is not solely focused to map soils and their properties, but often environmental issues such as land degradation and global climate change, require assessing soils in context of ecosystem change and environmental stressors imparting control on soil properties. In this section an overview is provided of state-of-the art DSM applications and their constraints and potential is discussed. Future trends and challenges to map soils using digital approaches are outlined.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Ultraschall-Elastografie in der Mammadiagnostik: Größere diagnostische Wertigkeit als mit Mammografie und Sonografie?
- Author
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R. Isermann, A. A. Geaid, G. Hatzung, Ralf Ohlinger, P. O. Behrndt, and S. Grunwald
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Betrachtung der Wertigkeit von B-Bild und Sonoelastografie bei der präoperativen Größenbestimmung von intramammärer Läsionen – eine prospektive Untersuchung
- Author
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G. Hatzung, Ralf Ohlinger, S. Grunwald, B. Jäger, R. Isermann, A. A. Geaid, P. O. Behrndt, and Marek Zygmunt
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Fat-Lesion-Ratio versus Elastografie-Score: Neue Methodik bei der Sonoelastografie in der Mammadiagnostik
- Author
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P. O. Behrdt, R. Isermann, Ralf Ohlinger, A. A. Geaid, S. Grunwald, and G. Hatzung
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Wertigkeit der SonoElastografie im Routinebetrieb der Mammadiagnostik
- Author
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G. Hatzung, Ralf Ohlinger, P. O. Behrndt, A. A. Geaid, R. Isermann, B. Jäger, and S. Grunwald
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Ultraschall–Elastographie: Bessere Dignitätsvorhersage als mit Mammographie und Sonographie bei unklaren Mammabefunden?
- Author
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A. A. Geaid, G. Hatzung, R. Isermann, P. O. Behrndt, Ralf Ohlinger, and S. Grunwald
- Subjects
Maternity and Midwifery ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Fat-Lesion-Ratio versus Elastographie-Score: Neue Methodik bei der Sonoelastographie in der Mammadiagnostik
- Author
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P. O. Behrndt, Ralf Ohlinger, A. A. Geaid, R. Isermann, S. Grunwald, and G. Hatzung
- Subjects
Maternity and Midwifery ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Sonoelastographie – eine präzisere Ultraschallmethode für die präoperative Größenbestimmung von intramammären Läsionen?
- Author
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P. O. Behrndt, A. A. Geaid, Ralf Ohlinger, R. Isermann, S. Grunwald, and G. Hatzung
- Subjects
Maternity and Midwifery ,Obstetrics and Gynecology - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Fat-lesion-ratio vs. elastography score: a new method for sonoelastography in the diagnostics of breast lesions
- Author
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S. Grunwald, Ralf Ohlinger, A. A. Geaid, P. O. Behrndt, and G. Hatzung
- Subjects
Lesion ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine ,Sonoelastography ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Elastography ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,business - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Elastography: better results in the diagnosis of breast lesions compared to ultrasound and mammography?
- Author
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S. Grunwald, A. A. Geaid, B. Jäger, Ralf Ohlinger, P. O. Behrndt, and G. Hatzung
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,medicine ,Mammography ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,Elastography ,business - Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Expanding Distance Education in the Spatial Sciences Through Virtual Learning Entities and a Virtual GIS Computer Laboratory
- Author
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S. Grunwald, V. Ramasundaram, G. L. Bruland, and D. K. Jesseman
- Subjects
ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION - Abstract
In this article we describe the implementation of an emerging virtual learning environment to teach GIS and spatial sciences to distance education graduate students. We discuss the benefits and constraints of our mixed architecture with the main focus on the innovative hybrid architecture of the virtual GIS computer laboratory. Criteria that were used to develop the virtual learning environment included: (1) Facilitating student-instructor, student-computer, and student-student interactivity using a mix of synchronous and asynchronous communication tools; (2) Developing a liberal online learning environment in which students have access to a suite of passive and active multi-media tools; and (3) Allowing student access to a mixed Web-facilitated/hybrid architecture that stimulates their cognitive geographic skills and provides hands-on experience in using GIS.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Reproduzierbarkeit des Sonoelastographie Scores nach Ueno in der Mammadiagnostik
- Author
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P. O. Behrndt, Marek Zygmunt, S. Grunwald, Ralf Ohlinger, and B. Jäger
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Abstract
Problemstellung: Krankhafte Veranderungen der Brust gehen meist mit einer Elastizitatsveranderungen des Gewebes einher, die sonographisch dargestellt werden konnen. Ziel dieser Untersuchung ist es die Reproduzierbarkeit des Ueno-Scores am eigenen Patientekollektiv zu erfassen. Material und Methoden: In einem Zeitraum von 2 Monaten wurden Patientinnen, mit stanzbioptisch gesicherten Lasionen der Brust, mithilfe des SonoElastographie Moduls des Hitachi 8500 untersucht. Die Befundung erfolgte durch den Ueno- Score (1–2 benigne/4–5 maligne und 3 unklar), welcher anschliesend mit dem bekannten histologischen Befund verglichen wurde. Ein Teil der Patientinnen wurden von einem zweiten Untersucher zusatzlich sonographiert und bewertet, um die Reproduzierbarkeit der Ergebnisse, beziehungsweise eine eventuelle subjektive Farbung der Scorevergabe darzustellen. Ergebnisse: Es sind 44 Patientinnen, mit 27 benignen und 32 malignen Befunden elastographiert worden. Das mittlere Alter betrug 52,1 Jahre (20–74 Jahre). Unter den benignen Lasionen befanden sich 23 Fibroadenome, 2 Mastopathien, eine Gangektasie und ein Fremdkorpergranulom. Die malignen Lasionen setzten sich zusammen aus 25 invasiv duktalen, einem invasiv muzinosen und 6 duktalen in-situ Karzinomen. Die Auswertung der Elastographie ergab insgesamt eine Sensitivitat von 55,8% und eine Spezifitat von 81,3%. Mit dem McNemar-Test konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Interobservervariabilitat nicht signifikant ist (p=0,48). Schlussfolgerung: Die SonoElastographie ist eine einfache Erganzung zur konventionellen B-Bildsonographie, da sie ohne grosen technischen Aufwand und mit geringer Interobservervariabilitat die Diagnostik erweitert. Die Reproduzierbarkeit des Ueno-Scores konnte hier nicht bestatigt werden, da die hohe Sensitivitat (86,5%) und Spezifitat (89,9%) seiner Studie bei uns erreicht wurde. Abschliesende Aussagen dazu sind aber wahrscheinlich erst nach Vorliegen von umfangreicheren Untersuchungen zu erwarten.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Wertigkeit von B-Bild und Sonoelastographie bei der Größenbestimmung intramammärer Läsionen – eine prospektive Untersuchung
- Author
-
R. Isermann, B. Jäger, Ralf Ohlinger, Marek Zygmunt, and S. Grunwald
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Die Wertigkeit der Sonoelastographie in der Mammadiagnostik: ein prospektiver Vergleich von Fat/Lesion-Ratio und Elastographie-Score
- Author
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Marek Zygmunt, S. Grunwald, A. A. Geaid, and Ralf Ohlinger
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. SonoElastographie in der Mammadiagnostik: Gibt es Vorteile in der Dignitätsvorhersage gegenüber herkömmlichen Methoden?
- Author
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Ralf Ohlinger, Marek Zygmunt, S. Grunwald, B. Jäger, and G. Hatzung
- Subjects
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Makroskopische Beschreibung intraduktaler Befunde in der Duktoskopie und ihre Korrelation zum histopathologischen Ergebnis
- Author
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S Grunwald, C Rose, and R Ohlinger
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Die Wertigkeit der Duktoskopie im Rahmen der Diagnostik intraduktaler Mammaläsionen
- Author
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R Ohlinger, S Grunwald, and C Meier
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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