Search

Rhombus Shaped Reconfigurable microstrip antenna is designed to operate at 1.74GHz. The proposed antenna is a Rhombus shaped microstrip antenna which gives a good size reduction with good impedance bandwidth in terms of with and without capacitor. The Designed antenna is expected to reduction in size and increase in Bandwidth. The Simulation is carried out by using IE3D software and practical results are measured by Vector Network analyzer. Comparative analysis has made between with and without capacitor as a lumped element. The size reduction of Rhombus shaped Reconfigurable microstrip antenna with capacitor gives best possible size reduction of 75.95% with overall bandwidth 86MHz. Acceptable agreement is obtained between the simulated and measured antenna performance parameter.

An efficient, environmentally benign, chemoselective, microwave-assisted N-formylation protocol of aromatic, aliphatic, alicyclic, benzylic amines, inactivated aromatic amines and sterically demanding heterocyclic amines using 2-formyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium iodide has been developed. This affords a series of N-substituted formamides with good to excellent yields (23 examples, 53–96% yield) and can be readily scaled. The methodology can be further extended to synthesize benzimidazole and isocyanide derivatives.

Background: Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine are recently introduced drugs in Indian market and needs to be evaluated. Hence Ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine were selected as local anaesthetics in present study. Aim: To evaluate and compare the onset, duration, quality of sensory and motor blockade of Ropivacaine versus levobupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Materials and methods: The present study included 60 patients aged between 18-70 years of ASA grade I and II scheduled for elective orthopedic surgeries of upper limbs. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group R received 0.4 ml /kg of 0.5 % Ropivacaine and group L received 0.4 ml / kg of 0.5% of levobupivacaine added to 25mcg of fentanyl for supraclavicular block. Time of onset, duration, sensory and motor blockade and any adverse effects were noted. Results: The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between, duration and quality of sensory and motor blockade in both groups. onset of action in Group R showed earlier but that was not statistically significant. Both groups showed stable hemodynamic conditions and no complications were observed. Conclusion: The present study shows that 0.5% ropivacaine is equally potent as 0.5% levobupivacaine when compared with the onset, duration and quality of sensory and motor blockade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a situation is created by the insertion of endoscope into esophagus is mod- eled as a concentric annular region. The motion of fluid or semi solid fluid bolus inside the esophagus will be due to peristaltic motion. Since the fluid swallowed will be consisting of solid suspended particles, it is modeled as couple-stress fluid. The peristaltic transport is assumed to be under low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. Effect of magnetic fleld is also considered in the study. The resulting governing equations are solved analytically and velocity profile, rate of flow and pressure gradient are obtained. The velocity and pressure gra- dient are numerically evaluated and graphically depicted for various flow parameters such as couple-stress parameter, Hartmann number etc. The results coincide with Newtonian case as the couple-stress parameter α → ∞. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study an unsteady convective diffusive mass transfer in a flow of viscoelastic fluid flow in a concentric annulus with applied magnetic field is considered. The velocity is analytically obtained using no-slip condition. The species equation is solved by adopting a dispersion model used by Gill and Sankarasubramanian approach. The parameters like dispersion and convection coefficients which arise in the analysis are plotted against absorption parameter for different values of Hartmann number and viscoelastic parameter. The effect of viscoelastic parameter is to increase the convective coefficient and dispersion coefficient. Dispersion increases with absorption but convection decreases. The results are numerically evaluated and graphically depicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary metabolites and phytochemicals in plant-based diets are known to possess properties that inhibit the development of several diseases including a variety of cancers of the aerodigestive tract. Berries are currently of high interest to researchers due to their high dietary source of phytochemicals. Black raspberries (BRB), Rubus occidentalis , are of special interest due to their rich and diverse composition of phytochemicals. In this review, we present the most up-to-date preclinical and clinical data involving berries and their phytochemicals in the chemoprevention of a variety of cancers and diseases. BRBs possess a variety of health benefits including anti-proliferative properties, anti-inflammatory activity, activation of pro-cell-death pathways, modulation of the immune response, microbiome modulation, reduction in oxidative stress, and many more. However, little has been done in both preclinical and clinical settings on the effects of BRB administration in combination with other cancer therapies currently available for patients. With the high potential for BRBs as chemopreventive agents, there is a need to investigate their potential in combination with other treatments to improve therapeutic efficacy.

Berries have gained widespread recognition for their abundant natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. However, there has been limited research conducted thus far to investigate the role of the active constituents of berries in alleviating contact hypersensitivity (CHS), the most prevalent occupational dermatological disease. Our study involved an ex vivo investigation aimed at evaluating the impact of black raspberry extract (BRB-E) and various natural compounds found in berries, such as protocatechuic acid (PCA), proanthocyanidins (PANT), ellagic acid (EA), and kaempferol (KMP), on mitigating the pathogenicity of CHS. We examined the efficacy of these natural compounds on the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) triggered by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Specifically, we measured the expression of activation markers CD40, CD80, CD83, and CD86 and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-12, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10, to gain further insights. Potential mechanisms through which these phytochemicals could alleviate CHS were also investigated by investigating the role of phospho-ERK. Subsequently, DCs were co-cultured with T-cells specific to the OVA 323-339 peptide to examine the specific T-cell effector responses resulting from these interactions. Our findings demonstrated that BRB-E, PCA, PANT, and EA, but not KMP, inhibited phosphorylation of ERK in LPS-activated DCs. At higher doses, EA significantly reduced expression of all the activation markers studied in DNFB- and LPS-stimulated DCs. All compounds tested reduced the level of IL-6 in DNFB-stimulated DCs in Flt3L as well as in GM-CSF-derived DCs. However, levels of IL-12 were reduced by all the tested compounds in LPS-stimulated Flt3L-derived BMDCs. PCA, PANT, EA, and KMP inhibited the activated DC-mediated Interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17 production by T-cells. Interestingly, PANT, EA, and KMP significantly reduced T-cell proliferation and the associated IL-2 production. Our study provides evidence for differential effects of berry extracts and natural compounds on DNFB and LPS-activated DCs revealing potential novel approaches for mitigating CHS.