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In recent years, sand slinging process is being used for lining ladles in steel plants. The slung mixes are made from naturally occurring sands or mixture of synthetic grains with suitable binders.In our country, ladle bricks constitute a major tonnage of fireclay bricks in the steel plants. An attempt was made to use sand as lining material in steel ladles to reduce the consumption of refractories and also to save time in relining.Work was undertaken to develop sand slinging mixes of proper composition utilizing indigenous sand. The mixes were tried in steel ladles, used for transferring blown metal from bessemer shop and hot metal from mixer to open hearth furnaces.

Soluble silicate (sodium silicate) has been used as bond in ceramic and refractories industry for a long time. The versatile nature of this material resulting from alkali silica reaction offered several advantages in many fields of refractory application. Additional advantages with respect to strength and rapid setting can be obtained by incorporating foreign ions, which reacted with colloidal micelles of silica in solution. Studies were undertaken with different additives for finding out the effect on strength and setting characteristics with aluminous and siliceous base materials. The mixtures were fired at various temperatures and their properties were evaluated.