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1. Conceptual design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory

Author

The IAXO collaboration, A. Abeln, K. Altenmüller, S. Arguedas Cuendis, E. Armengaud, D. Attié, S. Aune, S. Basso, L. Bergé, B. Biasuzzi, P. T. C. Borges De Sousa, P. Brun, N. Bykovskiy, D. Calvet, J. M. Carmona, J. F. Castel, S. Cebrián, V. Chernov, F. E. Christensen, M. M. Civitani, C. Cogollos, T. Dafní, A. Derbin, K. Desch, D. Díez, M. Dinter, B. Döbrich, I. Drachnev, A. Dudarev, L. Dumoulin, D. D. M. Ferreira, E. Ferrer-Ribas, I. Fleck, J. Galán, D. Gascón, L. Gastaldo, M. Giannotti, Y. Giomataris, A. Giuliani, S. Gninenko, J. Golm, N. Golubev, L. Hagge, J. Hahn, C. J. Hailey, D. Hengstler, P. L. Henriksen, T. Houdy, R. Iglesias-Marzoa, F. J. Iguaz, I. G. Irastorza, C. Iñiguez, K. Jakovčić, J. Kaminski, B. Kanoute, S. Karstensen, L. Kravchuk, B. Lakić, T. Lasserre, P. Laurent, O. Limousin, A. Lindner, M. Loidl, I. Lomskaya, G. López-Alegre, B. Lubsandorzhiev, K. Ludwig, G. Luzón, C. Malbrunot, C. Margalejo, A. Marin-Franch, S. Marnieros, F. Marutzky, J. Mauricio, Y. Menesguen, M. Mentink, S. Mertens, F. Mescia, J. Miralda-Escudé, H. Mirallas, J. P. Mols, V. Muratova, X. F. Navick, C. Nones, A. Notari, A. Nozik, L. Obis, C. Oriol, F. Orsini, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, S. Oster, H. P. Pais Da Silva, V. Pantuev, T. Papaevangelou, G. Pareschi, K. Perez, O. Pérez, E. Picatoste, M. J. Pivovaroff, D. V. Poda, J. Redondo, A. Ringwald, M. Rodrigues, F. Rueda-Teruel, S. Rueda-Teruel, E. Ruiz-Choliz, J. Ruz, E. O. Saemann, J. Salvado, T. Schiffer, S. Schmidt, U. Schneekloth, M. Schott, L. Segui, F. Tavecchio, H. H. J. ten Kate, I. Tkachev, S. Troitsky, D. Unger, E. Unzhakov, N. Ushakov, J. K. Vogel, D. Voronin, A. Weltman, U. Werthenbach, W. Wuensch, and A. Yanes-Díaz

Subjects
Beyond Standard Model, Dark matter, CP violation, Other experiments, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract This article describes BabyIAXO, an intermediate experimental stage of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), proposed to be sited at DESY. IAXO is a large-scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), produced in the Sun, with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is conceived to test all IAXO subsystems (magnet, optics and detectors) at a relevant scale for the final system and thus serve as prototype for IAXO, but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with relevant physics reach itself, and with potential for discovery. The BabyIAXO magnet will feature two 10 m long, 70 cm diameter bores, and will host two detection lines (optics and detector) of dimensions similar to the final ones foreseen for IAXO. BabyIAXO will detect or reject solar axions or ALPs with axion-photon couplings down to g aγ ∼ 1.5 × 10 −11 GeV −1, and masses up to m a ∼ 0.25 eV. BabyIAXO will offer additional opportunities for axion research in view of IAXO, like the development of precision x-ray detectors to identify particular spectral features in the solar axion spectrum, and the implementation of radiofrequency-cavity-based axion dark matter setups.

Published
2021
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2. Conceptual design of BabyIAXO, the intermediate stage towards the International Axion Observatory

Author

S. Arguedas Cuendis, C. Oriol, J. Castel, D. Voronin, A. Abeln, Olivier Limousin, A. Marin-Franch, Sergey Troitsky, S. Cebrián, D. Gascon, D. D. M. Ferreira, C. J. Hailey, L. Gastaldo, Stefano Basso, R. Iglesias-Marzoa, T. Dafni, K. Altenmüller, L. Segui, Ulrich Werthenbach, D. Hengstler, J. Golm, J. M. Carmona, F.J. Iguaz, Maurizio Giannotti, F. Rueda-Teruel, Leonid Kravchuk, V. S. Pantuev, S. Aune, S. Rueda-Teruel, K. Ludwig, D. Calvet, Joan Mauricio, Igor Tkachev, Klaus Kurt Desch, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, E. Ferrer-Ribas, Fabrizio Tavecchio, A. Dudarev, J. P. Mols, Andreas Ringwald, A. A. Nozik, U. Schneekloth, X. F. Navick, Javier Redondo, M. M. Civitani, N. Bykovskiy, E. O. Saemann, Nikita Ushakov, B. Döbrich, O. Pérez, Thomas Papaevangelou, A. Lindner, S. N. Gninenko, B. Kanoute, Eric Armengaud, E. Unzhakov, C. Cogollos, C. Iñiguez, Matthias Mentink, P. Borges de Sousa, Susanne Mertens, Søren Schmidt, Federico Mescia, J. Ruz, Pierre Brun, L. Dumoulin, C. Malbrunot, J. Hahn, V. Chernov, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, K. Perez, Thierry Lasserre, I. Drachnev, S. Karstensen, L. Bergé, Y. Giomataris, L. Obis, E. Picatoste, F. Marutzky, S. Oster, I. Lomskaya, Jordi Salvado, B. Biasuzzi, I. G. Irastorza, Lars Hagge, H. P. Pais Da Silva, Y. Menesguen, J. Kaminski, Walter Wuensch, G. López-Alegre, Alessio Notari, S. Marnieros, Michael J. Pivovaroff, Ivor Fleck, A. V. Derbin, P. Laurent, Finn Erland Christensen, T. Schiffer, N. Golubev, David Attié, P. L. Henriksen, C. Nones, D. Unger, M. Dinter, D.V. Poda, A. Giuliani, C. Margalejo, E. Ruiz-Choliz, Julia Vogel, G. Luzón, Amanda Weltman, T. Houdy, Krešimir Jakovčić, G. Pareschi, D. Díez, A. Yanes-Díaz, Matias Rodrigues, F. Orsini, Matthias Schott, J. Galán, V. N. Muratova, Martin Loidl, Biljana Lakić, H. Mirallas, H. H. J. ten Kate, Jordi Miralda-Escudé, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), IAXO, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), ANR-19-CE31-0024,DALPS,Déteteurs pour la recherche des particules 'axion-like'(2019), Irastorza, I. G., and IAXO Collaboration

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, QC770-798, Other experiments, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, design [detector], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Other experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Physics, solar [axion], Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), CP violation, Beyond Standard Model, Dark matter, axion-like particles, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Particle Physics - Experiment, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, dark matter, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Axion, detector: design, Helioscope, axion: dark matter, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, hep-ex, DESY, IAXO, sensitivity, optics, Beyond standard model, axion: solar, dark matter [axion], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

This article describes BabyIAXO, an intermediate experimental stage of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO), proposed to be sited at DESY. IAXO is a large-scale axion helioscope that will look for axions and axion-like particles (ALPs), produced in the Sun, with unprecedented sensitivity. BabyIAXO is conceived to test all IAXO subsystems (magnet, optics and detectors) at a relevant scale for the final system and thus serve as prototype for IAXO, but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with relevant physics reach itself, and with potential for discovery. The BabyIAXO magnet will feature two 10 m long, 70 cm diameter bores, and will host two detection lines (optics and detector) of dimensions similar to the final ones foreseen for IAXO. BabyIAXO will detect or reject solar axions or ALPs with axion-photon couplings down to $g_{a\gamma} \sim 1.5 \times 10^{-11}$ GeV$^{-1}$, and masses up to $m_a\sim 0.25$ eV. BabyIAXO will offer additional opportunities for axion research in view of IAXO, like the development of precision x-ray detectors to identify particular spectral features in the solar axion spectrum, and the implementation of radiofrequency-cavity-based axion dark matter setups., Comment: 77 pages, 49 figures. Prepared for submission to JHEP. Third version after referees comments

Published
2021
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3. Simultaneous operation of two soft x-ray free-electron lasers driven by one linear accelerator

Author

B Faatz, E Plönjes, S Ackermann, A Agababyan, V Asgekar, V Ayvazyan, S Baark, N Baboi, V Balandin, N von Bargen, Y Bican, O Bilani, J Bödewadt, M Böhnert, R Böspflug, S Bonfigt, H Bolz, F Borges, O Borkenhagen, M Brachmanski, M Braune, A Brinkmann, O Brovko, T Bruns, P Castro, J Chen, M K Czwalinna, H Damker, W Decking, M Degenhardt, A Delfs, T Delfs, H Deng, M Dressel, H-T Duhme, S Düsterer, H Eckoldt, A Eislage, M Felber, J Feldhaus, P Gessler, M Gibau, N Golubeva, T Golz, J Gonschior, A Grebentsov, M Grecki, C Grün, S Grunewald, K Hacker, L Hänisch, A Hage, T Hans, E Hass, A Hauberg, O Hensler, M Hesse, K Heuck, A Hidvegi, M Holz, K Honkavaara, H Höppner, A Ignatenko, J Jäger, U Jastrow, R Kammering, S Karstensen, A Kaukher, H Kay, B Keil, K Klose, V Kocharyan, M Köpke, M Körfer, W Kook, B Krause, O Krebs, S Kreis, F Krivan, J Kuhlmann, M Kuhlmann, G Kube, T Laarmann, C Lechner, S Lederer, A Leuschner, D Liebertz, J Liebing, A Liedtke, L Lilje, T Limberg, D Lipka, B Liu, B Lorbeer, K Ludwig, H Mahn, G Marinkovic, C Martens, F Marutzky, M Maslocv, D Meissner, N Mildner, V Miltchev, S Molnar, D Mross, F Müller, R Neumann, P Neumann, D Nölle, F Obier, M Pelzer, H-B Peters, K Petersen, A Petrosyan, G Petrosyan, L Petrosyan, V Petrosyan, A Petrov, S Pfeiffer, A Piotrowski, Z Pisarov, T Plath, P Pototzki, M J Prandolini, J Prenting, G Priebe, B Racky, T Ramm, K Rehlich, R Riedel, M Roggli, M Röhling, J Rönsch-Schulenburg, J Rossbach, V Rybnikov, J Schäfer, J Schaffran, H Schlarb, G Schlesselmann, M Schlösser, P Schmid, C Schmidt, F Schmidt-Föhre, M Schmitz, E Schneidmiller, A Schöps, M Scholz, S Schreiber, K Schütt, U Schütz, H Schulte-Schrepping, M Schulz, A Shabunov, P Smirnov, E Sombrowski, A Sorokin, B Sparr, J Spengler, M Staack, M Stadler, C Stechmann, B Steffen, N Stojanovic, V Sychev, E Syresin, T Tanikawa, F Tavella, N Tesch, K Tiedtke, M Tischer, R Treusch, S Tripathi, P Vagin, P Vetrov, S Vilcins, M Vogt, A de Zubiaurre Wagner, T Wamsat, H Weddig, G Weichert, H Weigelt, N Wentowski, C Wiebers, T Wilksen, A Willner, K Wittenburg, T Wohlenberg, J Wortmann, W Wurth, M Yurkov, I Zagorodnov, and J Zemella

Subjects
free-electron lasers, soft x-ray, accelerators, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Extreme-ultraviolet to x-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) in operation for scientific applications are up to now single-user facilities. While most FELs generate around 100 photon pulses per second, FLASH at DESY can deliver almost two orders of magnitude more pulses in this time span due to its superconducting accelerator technology. This makes the facility a prime candidate to realize the next step in FELs—dividing the electron pulse trains into several FEL lines and delivering photon pulses to several users at the same time. Hence, FLASH has been extended with a second undulator line and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) is demonstrated in both FELs simultaneously. FLASH can now deliver MHz pulse trains to two user experiments in parallel with individually selected photon beam characteristics. First results of the capabilities of this extension are shown with emphasis on independent variation of wavelength, repetition rate, and photon pulse length.

Published
2016
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4. Axion search with BabyIAXO in view of IAXO

Author

Pierre Brun, A. Marin-Franch, S. Aune, C. Iñiguez, G. Luzón, D. Díez, Y. Giomataris, L. Obis, Nikolai Golubev, Igor Tkachev, G. Pareschi, S. Rueda-Teruel, B. Biasuzzi, D. Unger, Marta Civitani, O. Limousin, L. Kravchuk, A. Abeln, K. Altenmüller, Walter Wuensch, Ulrich Werthenbach, Sergey Troitsky, N. Bykovskiy, J.P. Mols, Sergei Gninenko, J. Golm, L. Dumoulin, Amanda Weltman, Matthias Mentink, C. Nones, Krešimir Jakovčić, I. Lomskaya, Javier Redondo, J. Vogel, J. Ruz, I. Drachnev, M. J. Pivovaroff, D.V. Poda, Jordi Miralda-Escudé, Javier Galan, Loredana Gastaldo, T. Lasserre, C. Malbrunot, I. G. Irastorza, Lars Hagge, Nikita Ushakov, P. L. Henriksen, Joan Mauricio, D. Calvet, E. Ruiz-Choliz, V. Chernov, A. Ortiz de Solórzano, T. Papaevangelou, K. Perez, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, S. Marnieros, R. Iglesias-Marzoa, J. F. Castel, H. P. Pais Da Silva, S. Schmidt, H. Ten Kate, S. Cebrián, Fabrizio Tavecchio, A. A. Nozik, F. J. Iguaz-Gutierrez, Finn Erland Christensen, Y. Menesguen, David Gascon, T. Schiffer, P. Laurent, V. S. Pantuev, M. R.D. Rodrigues, D. Hengstler, David Attié, C. Margalejo, J. M. Carmona, Jordi Salvado, B. Kanoute, F. Marutzky, Stefano Basso, T. Dafni, S. Arguedas Cuendis, Alexey Dudarev, C. Oriol, S. Oster, Luc Bergé, G. López-Alegre, J. Hahn, Biljana Lakić, U. Schneekloth, H. Mirallas, Maurizio Giannotti, E. Ferrer-Ribas, Charles J. Hailey, X-F. Navick, F. Rueda-Teruel, A. V. Derbin, E. O. Saemann, E. Armengaud, E. Picatoste, Federico Mescia, V. Muratova, Martin Loidl, O. Pérez, D. Voronin, P. Borges de Sousa, K. Ludwig, Klaus Kurt Desch, Babette Döbrich, S. Karstensen, D. D. M. Ferreira, L. Segui, Andreas Ringwald, C. Cogollos, A. Yanes-Díaz, Ivor Fleck, F. Orsini, A. Giuliani, Matthias Schott, Jochen Kaminski, Alessio Notari, M. Dinter, E. Unzhakov, A. Lindner, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Heidelberg University, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC KI), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), National Space Institute [Lyngby] (DTU Space), University of Siegen, Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Dept Phys Sci - Barry University, Barry University, Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences (INR), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Universität Siegen [Siegen], Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón, Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of Cape Town, IAXO collaboration, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), and Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU)

Subjects
Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, solar axion, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], experimental methods, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, String (physics), Standard Model, axion helioscope, design [detector], International Axion Observatory (IAXO), Observatory, Peccei-Quinn mechanism, Dark Matter, detector design, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Axion, sun-tracking systems, physics.ins-det, activity report, detector: design, Physics, instrumentation, Helioscope, Large Hadron Collider, detector, solar [axion], DESY, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], IAXO, magnet, optics, axion: solar
Abstract

Axions are a natural consequence of the Peccei-Quinn mechanism, the most compelling solution to the strong-CP problem. Similar axion-like particles (ALPs) also appear in a number of possible extensions of the Standard Model, notably in string theories. Both axions and ALPs are very well motivated candidates for Dark Matter, and in addition, they would be copiously produced at the sun's core. A relevant effort during the last decade has been the CAST experiment at CERN, the most sensitive axion helioscope to-date. The International Axion Observatory (IAXO) is a large-scale 4th generation helioscope. As its primary physics goal, IAXO will look for solar axions or ALPs with a signal to background ratio of about 5 orders of magnitude higher than CAST. Recently the IAXO collaboration has proposed and intermediate experimental stage, BabyIAXO, conceived to test all IAXO subsystems (magnet, optics, detectors and sun-tracking systems) at a relevant scale for the final system and thus serve as pathfinder for IAXO but at the same time as a fully-fledged helioscope with record and relevant physics reach in itself with potential for discovery. BabyIAXO was endorsed by the Physics Review committee of DESY last May 2019. Here we will review the status and prospects of BabyIAXO and its potential to probe the most physics motivated regions of the axion & ALPs parameter space., 6 pages, ICHEP 2020 Virtual conference

Published
2020
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5. A MHz-Repetition-Rate Hard X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Driven by a Superconducting Linear Accelerator

Author

W. Decking, S. Abeghyan, P. Abramian, A. Abramsky, A. Aguirre, C. Albrecht, P. Alou, M. Altarelli, P. Altmann, K. Amyan, V. Anashin, E. Apostolov, K. Appel, D. Auguste, V. Ayvazyan, S. Baark, F. Babies, N. Baboi, P. Bak, V. Balandin, R. Baldinger, B. Baranasic, S. Barbanotti, O. Belikov, V. Belokurov, L. Belova, V. Belyakov, S. Berry, M. Bertucci, B. Beutner, A. Block, M. Blöcher, T. Böckmann, C. Bohm, M. Böhnert, V. Bondar, E. Bondarchuk, M. Bonezzi, P. Borowiec, C. Bösch, U. Bösenberg, A. Bosotti, R. Böspflug, M. Bousonville, E. Boyd, Y. Bozhko, A. Brand, J. Branlard, S. Briechle, F. Brinker, S. Brinker, R. Brinkmann, S. Brockhauser, O. Brovko, H. Brück, A. Brüdgam, L. Butkowski, T. Büttner, J. Calero, E. Castro-Carballo, G. Cattalanotto, J. Charrier, J. Chen, A. Cherepenko, V. Cheskidov, M. Chiodini, A. Chong, S. Choroba, M. Chorowski, D. Churanov, W. Cichalewski, M. Clausen, W. Clement, C. Cloué, J. A. Cobos, N. Coppola, S. Cunis, K. Czuba, M. Czwalinna, B. D’Almagne, J. Dammann, H. Danared, A. de Zubiaurre Wagner, A. Delfs, T. Delfs, F. Dietrich, T. Dietrich, M. Dohlus, M. Dommach, A. Donat, X. Dong, N. Doynikov, M. Dressel, M. Duda, P. Duda, H. Eckoldt, W. Ehsan, J. Eidam, F. Eints, C. Engling, U. Englisch, A. Ermakov, K. Escherich, J. Eschke, E. Saldin, M. Faesing, A. Fallou, M. Felber, M. Fenner, B. Fernandes, J. M. Fernández, S. Feuker, K. Filippakopoulos, K. Floettmann, V. Fogel, M. Fontaine, A. Francés, I. Freijo Martin, W. Freund, T. Freyermuth, M. Friedland, L. Fröhlich, M. Fusetti, J. Fydrych, A. Gallas, O. García, L. Garcia-Tabares, G. Geloni, N. Gerasimova, C. Gerth, P. Geßler, V. Gharibyan, M. Gloor, J. Głowinkowski, A. Goessel, Z. Gołębiewski, N. Golubeva, W. Grabowski, W. Graeff, A. Grebentsov, M. Grecki, T. Grevsmuehl, M. Gross, U. Grosse-Wortmann, J. Grünert, S. Grunewald, P. Grzegory, G. Feng, H. Guler, G. Gusev, J. L. Gutierrez, L. Hagge, M. Hamberg, R. Hanneken, E. Harms, I. Hartl, A. Hauberg, S. Hauf, J. Hauschildt, J. Hauser, J. Havlicek, A. Hedqvist, N. Heidbrook, F. Hellberg, D. Henning, O. Hensler, T. Hermann, A. Hidvégi, M. Hierholzer, H. Hintz, F. Hoffmann, Markus Hoffmann, Matthias Hoffmann, Y. Holler, M. Hüning, A. Ignatenko, M. Ilchen, A. Iluk, J. Iversen, M. Izquierdo, L. Jachmann, N. Jardon, U. Jastrow, K. Jensch, J. Jensen, M. Jeżabek, M. Jidda, H. Jin, N. Johansson, R. Jonas, W. Kaabi, D. Kaefer, R. Kammering, H. Kapitza, S. Karabekyan, S. Karstensen, K. Kasprzak, V. Katalev, D. Keese, B. Keil, M. Kholopov, M. Killenberger, B. Kitaev, Y. Klimchenko, R. Klos, L. Knebel, A. Koch, M. Koepke, S. Köhler, W. Köhler, N. Kohlstrunk, Z. Konopkova, A. Konstantinov, W. Kook, W. Koprek, M. Körfer, O. Korth, A. Kosarev, K. Kosiński, D. Kostin, Y. Kot, A. Kotarba, T. Kozak, V. Kozak, R. Kramert, M. Krasilnikov, A. Krasnov, B. Krause, L. Kravchuk, O. Krebs, R. Kretschmer, J. Kreutzkamp, O. Kröplin, K. Krzysik, G. Kube, H. Kuehn, N. Kujala, V. Kulikov, V. Kuzminych, D. La Civita, M. Lacroix, T. Lamb, A. Lancetov, M. Larsson, D. Le Pinvidic, S. Lederer, T. Lensch, D. Lenz, A. Leuschner, F. Levenhagen, Y. Li, J. Liebing, L. Lilje, T. Limberg, D. Lipka, B. List, J. Liu, S. Liu, B. Lorbeer, J. Lorkiewicz, H. H. Lu, F. Ludwig, K. Machau, W. Maciocha, C. Madec, C. Magueur, C. Maiano, I. Maksimova, K. Malcher, T. Maltezopoulos, E. Mamoshkina, B. Manschwetus, F. Marcellini, G. Marinkovic, T. Martinez, H. Martirosyan, W. Maschmann, M. Maslov, A. Matheisen, U. Mavric, J. Meißner, K. Meissner, M. Messerschmidt, N. Meyners, G. Michalski, P. Michelato, N. Mildner, M. Moe, F. Moglia, C. Mohr, S. Mohr, W. Möller, M. Mommerz, L. Monaco, C. Montiel, M. Moretti, I. Morozov, P. Morozov, D. Mross, J. Mueller, C. Müller, J. Müller, K. Müller, J. Munilla, A. Münnich, V. Muratov, O. Napoly, B. Näser, N. Nefedov, Reinhard Neumann, Rudolf Neumann, N. Ngada, D. Noelle, F. Obier, I. Okunev, J. A. Oliver, M. Omet, A. Oppelt, A. Ottmar, M. Oublaid, C. Pagani, R. Paparella, V. Paramonov, C. Peitzmann, J. Penning, A. Perus, F. Peters, B. Petersen, A. Petrov, I. Petrov, S. Pfeiffer, J. Pflüger, S. Philipp, Y. Pienaud, P. Pierini, S. Pivovarov, M. Planas, E. Pławski, M. Pohl, J. Polinski, V. Popov, S. Prat, J. Prenting, G. Priebe, H. Pryschelski, K. Przygoda, E. Pyata, B. Racky, A. Rathjen, W. Ratuschni, S. Regnaud-Campderros, K. Rehlich, D. Reschke, C. Robson, J. Roever, M. Roggli, J. Rothenburg, E. Rusiński, R. Rybaniec, H. Sahling, M. Salmani, L. Samoylova, D. Sanzone, F. Saretzki, O. Sawlanski, J. Schaffran, H. Schlarb, M. Schlösser, V. Schlott, C. Schmidt, F. Schmidt-Foehre, M. Schmitz, M. Schmökel, T. Schnautz, E. Schneidmiller, M. Scholz, B. Schöneburg, J. Schultze, C. Schulz, A. Schwarz, J. Sekutowicz, D. Sellmann, E. Semenov, S. Serkez, D. Sertore, N. Shehzad, P. Shemarykin, L. Shi, M. Sienkiewicz, D. Sikora, M. Sikorski, A. Silenzi, C. Simon, W. Singer, X. Singer, H. Sinn, K. Sinram, N. Skvorodnev, P. Smirnow, T. Sommer, A. Sorokin, M. Stadler, M. Steckel, B. Steffen, N. Steinhau-Kühl, F. Stephan, M. Stodulski, M. Stolper, A. Sulimov, R. Susen, J. Świerblewski, C. Sydlo, E. Syresin, V. Sytchev, J. Szuba, N. Tesch, J. Thie, A. Thiebault, K. Tiedtke, D. Tischhauser, J. Tolkiehn, S. Tomin, F. Tonisch, F. Toral, I. Torbin, A. Trapp, D. Treyer, G. Trowitzsch, T. Trublet, T. Tschentscher, F. Ullrich, M. Vannoni, P. Varela, G. Varghese, G. Vashchenko, M. Vasic, C. Vazquez-Velez, A. Verguet, S. Vilcins-Czvitkovits, R. Villanueva, B. Visentin, M. Viti, E. Vogel, E. Volobuev, R. Wagner, N. Walker, T. Wamsat, H. Weddig, G. Weichert, H. Weise, R. Wenndorf, M. Werner, R. Wichmann, C. Wiebers, M. Wiencek, T. Wilksen, I. Will, L. Winkelmann, M. Winkowski, K. Wittenburg, A. Witzig, P. Wlk, T. Wohlenberg, M. Wojciechowski, F. Wolff-Fabris, G. Wrochna, K. Wrona, M. Yakopov, B. Yang, F. Yang, M. Yurkov, I. Zagorodnov, P. Zalden, A. Zavadtsev, D. Zavadtsev, A. Zhirnov, A. Zhukov, V. Ziemann, A. Zolotov, N. Zolotukhina, F. Zummack, D. Zybin, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Acceleration voltage, Linear particle accelerator, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, business.industry, Free-electron laser, Undulator, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Lasing threshold, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Nature photonics 14(6), 391 - 397 (2020). doi:10.1038/s41566-020-0607-z, The European XFEL is a hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) based on a high-electron-energy superconducting linear accelerator. The superconducting technology allows for the acceleration of many electron bunches within one radio-frequency pulse of the accelerating voltage and, in turn, for the generation of a large number of hard X-ray pulses. We report on the performance of the European XFEL accelerator with up to 5,000 electron bunches per second and demonstrating a full energy of 17.5 GeV. Feedback mechanisms enable stabilization of the electron beam delivery at the FEL undulator in space and time. The measured FEL gain curve at 9.3 keV is in good agreement with predictions for saturated FEL radiation. Hard X-ray lasing was achieved between 7 keV and 14 keV with pulse energies of up to 2.0 mJ. Using the high repetition rate, an FEL beam with 6 W average power was created., Published by Nature Publ. Group, London [u.a.]

Published
2020
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6. Tunable and precise two-bunch generation at FLASHForward

Author

Vladyslav Libov, A. Schleiermacher, K. Ludwig, Sandra Thiele, S. Schröder, Jens Osterhoff, C. A. Lindstrøm, P. Gonzalez, S. Karstensen, Boris Schmidt, A. de Zubiaurre Wagner, S. Wesch, P. Niknejadi, M. Dinter, A. Rahali, A. Aschikhin, R. D'Arcy, Lucas Schaper, F. Marutzky, and Alexander Knetsch

Subjects
Physics, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), History, business.industry, Process (computing), FOS: Physical sciences, Collimator, Computer Science Applications, Education, law.invention, Acceleration, Quality (physics), Optics, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, ddc:530, business, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

4th European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop 15-20 September 2019, EAAC2019, Isola d'Elba, Italy, 15 Sep 2019 - 21 Sep 2019; Journal of physics / Conference Series 1596(1), 012002 (1-7) (2020). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1596/1/012002, Beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration based on external injection has the potential to significantly reduce the size of future accelerators. Stability and quality of the acceleration process substantially depends on the incoming bunch parameters. Precise control of the current profile is essential for optimising energy-transfer efficiency and preserving energy spread. At the FLASHForward facility, driver–witness bunch pairs of adjustable bunch length and separation are generated by a set of collimators in a dispersive section, which enables fs-level control of the longitudinal bunch profile. The design of the collimator apparatus and its commissioning is presented., Published by IOP Publ., Bristol

Published
2020
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7. FLASHForward: Plasma-wakefield accelerator science for high-average-power applications

Author

Lucas Schaper, Bernhard Schmidt, Timon Mehrling, F. Marutzky, M. Meisel, Martin Quast, Alexander Knetsch, Ming Zeng, P. Kuang, Lars Goldberg, Matthew Wing, J.-H. Röckemann, Vladyslav Libov, S. Diederichs, B. Foster, S. Schröder, Gabriele Tauscher, B. Sheeran, Jens Osterhoff, M. J. Garland, S. Karstensen, J. Chappell, S. Bohlen, Paul Winkler, A. Aschikhin, P. Pourmoussavi, R. D'Arcy, P. Gonzalez, Kristjan Poder, Gregory J. Boyle, K. Ludwig, S. Wesch, A. Martinez de la Ossa, T. Brümmer, Jan-Patrick Schwinkendorf, and P. Niknejadi

Subjects
Physics, Orders of magnitude (power), Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), RF front end, General Mathematics, Nuclear engineering, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Plasma, Electron, Articles, Plasma acceleration, Laser, Linear particle accelerator, Physics - Plasma Physics, law.invention, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Flash (photography), law, Physics - Accelerator Physics, ddc:510
Abstract

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London / A Mathematical, physical and engineering sciences Series A 377(2151), 20180392 - (2019). doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0392, The FLASHForward experimental facility is a high-performance test-bed for precision plasma wakefield research, aiming to accelerate high-quality electron beams to GeV-levels in a few centimetres of ionized gas. The plasma is created by ionizing gas in a gas cell either by a high-voltage discharge or a high-intensity laser pulse. The electrons to be accelerated will either be injected internally from the plasma background or externally from the FLASH superconducting RF front end. In both cases, the wakefield will be driven by electron beams provided by the FLASH gun and linac modules operating with a 10 Hz macro-pulse structure, generating 1.25 GeV, 1 nC electron bunches at up to 3 MHz micro-pulse repetition rates. At full capacity, this FLASH bunch-train structure corresponds to 30 kW of average power, orders of magnitude higher than drivers available to other state-of-the-art LWFA and PWFA experiments. This high-power functionality means FLASHForward is the only plasma wakefield facility in the world with the immediate capability to develop, explore and benchmark high-average-power plasma wakefield research essential for next-generation facilities. The operational parameters and technical highlights of the experiment are discussed, as well as the scientific goals and high-average-power outlook., Published by Soc., London

Published
2019
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8. Author Correction: A MHz-repetition-rate hard X-ray free-electron laser driven by a superconducting linear accelerator

Author

W. Decking, S. Abeghyan, P. Abramian, A. Abramsky, A. Aguirre, C. Albrecht, P. Alou, M. Altarelli, P. Altmann, K. Amyan, V. Anashin, E. Apostolov, K. Appel, D. Auguste, V. Ayvazyan, S. Baark, F. Babies, N. Baboi, P. Bak, V. Balandin, R. Baldinger, B. Baranasic, S. Barbanotti, O. Belikov, V. Belokurov, L. Belova, V. Belyakov, S. Berry, M. Bertucci, B. Beutner, A. Block, M. Blöcher, T. Böckmann, C. Bohm, M. Böhnert, V. Bondar, E. Bondarchuk, M. Bonezzi, P. Borowiec, C. Bösch, U. Bösenberg, A. Bosotti, R. Böspflug, M. Bousonville, E. Boyd, Y. Bozhko, A. Brand, J. Branlard, S. Briechle, F. Brinker, S. Brinker, R. Brinkmann, S. Brockhauser, O. Brovko, H. Brück, A. Brüdgam, L. Butkowski, T. Büttner, J. Calero, E. Castro-Carballo, G. Cattalanotto, J. Charrier, J. Chen, A. Cherepenko, V. Cheskidov, M. Chiodini, A. Chong, S. Choroba, M. Chorowski, D. Churanov, W. Cichalewski, M. Clausen, W. Clement, C. Cloué, J. A. Cobos, N. Coppola, S. Cunis, K. Czuba, M. Czwalinna, B. D’Almagne, J. Dammann, H. Danared, A. de Zubiaurre Wagner, A. Delfs, T. Delfs, F. Dietrich, T. Dietrich, M. Dohlus, M. Dommach, A. Donat, X. Dong, N. Doynikov, M. Dressel, M. Duda, P. Duda, H. Eckoldt, W. Ehsan, J. Eidam, F. Eints, C. Engling, U. Englisch, A. Ermakov, K. Escherich, J. Eschke, E. Saldin, M. Faesing, A. Fallou, M. Felber, M. Fenner, B. Fernandes, J. M. Fernández, S. Feuker, K. Filippakopoulos, K. Floettmann, V. Fogel, M. Fontaine, A. Francés, I. Freijo Martin, W. Freund, T. Freyermuth, M. Friedland, L. Fröhlich, M. Fusetti, J. Fydrych, A. Gallas, O. García, L. Garcia-Tabares, G. Geloni, N. Gerasimova, C. Gerth, P. Geßler, V. Gharibyan, M. Gloor, J. Głowinkowski, A. Goessel, Z. Gołębiewski, N. Golubeva, W. Grabowski, W. Graeff, A. Grebentsov, M. Grecki, T. Grevsmuehl, M. Gross, U. Grosse-Wortmann, J. Grünert, S. Grunewald, P. Grzegory, G. Feng, H. Guler, G. Gusev, J. L. Gutierrez, L. Hagge, M. Hamberg, R. Hanneken, E. Harms, I. Hartl, A. Hauberg, S. Hauf, J. Hauschildt, J. Hauser, J. Havlicek, A. Hedqvist, N. Heidbrook, F. Hellberg, D. Henning, O. Hensler, T. Hermann, A. Hidvégi, M. Hierholzer, H. Hintz, F. Hoffmann, Markus Hoffmann, Matthias Hoffmann, Y. Holler, M. Hüning, A. Ignatenko, M. Ilchen, A. Iluk, J. Iversen, M. Izquierdo, L. Jachmann, N. Jardon, U. Jastrow, K. Jensch, J. Jensen, M. Jeżabek, M. Jidda, H. Jin, N. Johansson, R. Jonas, W. Kaabi, D. Kaefer, R. Kammering, H. Kapitza, S. Karabekyan, S. Karstensen, K. Kasprzak, V. Katalev, D. Keese, B. Keil, M. Kholopov, M. Killenberger, B. Kitaev, Y. Klimchenko, R. Klos, L. Knebel, A. Koch, M. Koepke, S. Köhler, W. Köhler, N. Kohlstrunk, Z. Konopkova, A. Konstantinov, W. Kook, W. Koprek, M. Körfer, O. Korth, A. Kosarev, K. Kosiński, D. Kostin, Y. Kot, A. Kotarba, T. Kozak, V. Kozak, R. Kramert, M. Krasilnikov, A. Krasnov, B. Krause, L. Kravchuk, O. Krebs, R. Kretschmer, J. Kreutzkamp, O. Kröplin, K. Krzysik, G. Kube, H. Kuehn, N. Kujala, V. Kulikov, V. Kuzminych, D. La Civita, M. Lacroix, T. Lamb, A. Lancetov, M. Larsson, D. Le Pinvidic, S. Lederer, T. Lensch, D. Lenz, A. Leuschner, F. Levenhagen, Y. Li, J. Liebing, L. Lilje, T. Limberg, D. Lipka, B. List, J. Liu, S. Liu, B. Lorbeer, J. Lorkiewicz, H. H. Lu, F. Ludwig, K. Machau, W. Maciocha, C. Madec, C. Magueur, C. Maiano, I. Maksimova, K. Malcher, T. Maltezopoulos, E. Mamoshkina, B. Manschwetus, F. Marcellini, G. Marinkovic, T. Martinez, H. Martirosyan, W. Maschmann, M. Maslov, A. Matheisen, U. Mavric, J. Meißner, K. Meissner, M. Messerschmidt, N. Meyners, G. Michalski, P. Michelato, N. Mildner, M. Moe, F. Moglia, C. Mohr, S. Mohr, W. Möller, M. Mommerz, L. Monaco, C. Montiel, M. Moretti, I. Morozov, P. Morozov, D. Mross, J. Mueller, C. Müller, J. Müller, K. Müller, J. Munilla, A. Münnich, V. Muratov, O. Napoly, B. Näser, N. Nefedov, Reinhard Neumann, Rudolf Neumann, N. Ngada, D. Noelle, F. Obier, I. Okunev, J. A. Oliver, M. Omet, A. Oppelt, A. Ottmar, M. Oublaid, C. Pagani, R. Paparella, V. Paramonov, C. Peitzmann, J. Penning, A. Perus, F. Peters, B. Petersen, A. Petrov, I. Petrov, S. Pfeiffer, J. Pflüger, S. Philipp, Y. Pienaud, P. Pierini, S. Pivovarov, M. Planas, E. Pławski, M. Pohl, J. Polinski, V. Popov, S. Prat, J. Prenting, G. Priebe, H. Pryschelski, K. Przygoda, E. Pyata, B. Racky, A. Rathjen, W. Ratuschni, S. Regnaud-Campderros, K. Rehlich, D. Reschke, C. Robson, J. Roever, M. Roggli, J. Rothenburg, E. Rusiński, R. Rybaniec, H. Sahling, M. Salmani, L. Samoylova, D. Sanzone, F. Saretzki, O. Sawlanski, J. Schaffran, H. Schlarb, M. Schlösser, V. Schlott, C. Schmidt, F. Schmidt-Foehre, M. Schmitz, M. Schmökel, T. Schnautz, E. Schneidmiller, M. Scholz, B. Schöneburg, J. Schultze, C. Schulz, A. Schwarz, J. Sekutowicz, D. Sellmann, E. Semenov, S. Serkez, D. Sertore, N. Shehzad, P. Shemarykin, L. Shi, M. Sienkiewicz, D. Sikora, M. Sikorski, A. Silenzi, C. Simon, W. Singer, X. Singer, H. Sinn, K. Sinram, N. Skvorodnev, P. Smirnow, T. Sommer, A. Sorokin, M. Stadler, M. Steckel, B. Steffen, N. Steinhau-Kühl, F. Stephan, M. Stodulski, M. Stolper, A. Sulimov, R. Susen, J. Świerblewski, C. Sydlo, E. Syresin, V. Sytchev, J. Szuba, N. Tesch, J. Thie, A. Thiebault, K. Tiedtke, D. Tischhauser, J. Tolkiehn, S. Tomin, F. Tonisch, F. Toral, I. Torbin, A. Trapp, D. Treyer, G. Trowitzsch, T. Trublet, T. Tschentscher, F. Ullrich, M. Vannoni, P. Varela, G. Varghese, G. Vashchenko, M. Vasic, C. Vazquez-Velez, A. Verguet, S. Vilcins-Czvitkovits, R. Villanueva, B. Visentin, M. Viti, E. Vogel, E. Volobuev, R. Wagner, N. Walker, T. Wamsat, H. Weddig, G. Weichert, H. Weise, R. Wenndorf, M. Werner, R. Wichmann, C. Wiebers, M. Wiencek, T. Wilksen, I. Will, L. Winkelmann, M. Winkowski, K. Wittenburg, A. Witzig, P. Wlk, T. Wohlenberg, M. Wojciechowski, F. Wolff-Fabris, G. Wrochna, K. Wrona, M. Yakopov, B. Yang, F. Yang, M. Yurkov, I. Zagorodnov, P. Zalden, A. Zavadtsev, D. Zavadtsev, A. Zhirnov, A. Zhukov, V. Ziemann, A. Zolotov, N. Zolotukhina, F. Zummack, and D. Zybin

Subjects
Superconductivity, Optics, Materials science, Repetition (rhetorical device), business.industry, X-ray, Free-electron laser, business, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Linear particle accelerator, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Published
2020
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9. Wire scanner system for FLASH at DESY

Author

U. Hahn, M. Sachwitz, N.v. Bargen, S. Karstensen, O. Hensler, P. Castro, and H. Thom

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scanner, business.industry, Monte Carlo method, Free-electron laser, DESY, Undulator, Flash (photography), Optics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Laser beam quality, business, Instrumentation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The design and implementation of a new kind of wire scanner for the Free Electron Laser at Hamburg (FLASH) is presented. In the undulator section of FLASH a set of seven wire scanner stations determine the relative position and the profile of the electron beam with a spatial resolution of a few μm. They allow the measurement of the absolute beam position related to the undulator axis with a precision better than 50 μm. Monte Carlo calculations are performed in order to get an optimal position for the scintillators, which are used to detect the secondary particles scattered by the wire. Results of beam trajectory and beam size measurements along the undulator section are presented.

Published
2008
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10. Control properties of bottom fired marine boilers

Author

Brian Solberg, Claus M. S. Karstensen, and Palle Andersen

Subjects
Engineering, Dynamical decoupling, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Multivariable calculus, Bandwidth (signal processing), Boiler (power generation), Control engineering, Building and Construction, Nonlinear control, Pollution, Decentralised system, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Model predictive control, Nonlinear system, General Energy, Control theory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This paper focuses on model analysis of a dynamic model of a bottom fired one-pass smoke tube boiler. Linearized versions of the model are analyzed and show large variations in system gains at steady state as function of load whereas gain variations near the desired bandwidth are small. An analysis of the potential benefit from using a multivariable control strategy in favor of the current strategy based on single loop theory is carried out and proves that the interactions in the system are not negligible and a subsequent controller design should take this into account. A design using dynamical decoupling showed substantial improvement compared to a decentralized scheme based on sequential loop closing. Similar or better result is expected to be obtainable using a full Multiple input Multiple output scheme. Furthermore closed loop simulations, applying a linear controller to the nonlinear plant model, prove that the model does not call for nonlinear control. However, the results indicate that input constraints will become active when the controller responds to transient behavior from the steam flow disturbance. For this reason an MPC (model predictive control) strategy capable of handling constraints on states and control signals should be considered.

Published
2007
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11. MODEL-BASED CONTROL OF A BOTTOM FIRED MARINE BOILER

Author

Tom Søndergaard Pedersen, Brian Solberg, Claus M. S. Karstensen, Poul U. Hvistendahl, and Palle Andersen

Subjects
Engineering, Control theory, business.industry, MIMO, Boiler (power generation), food and beverages, Steam flow, Estimator, Control engineering, Dynamic modelling, business, Linear-quadratic-Gaussian control, Model based control
Abstract

This paper focuses on applying model based MIMO control to minimize variations in water level for a specific boiler type. A first principles model is put up. The model is linearized and an LQG controller is designed. Furthermore the benefit of using a steam flow measurement is compared to a strategy relying on estimates of the disturbance. Preliminary tests at the boiler system show that the designed controller is able to control the boiler process. Furthermore it can be concluded that relying on estimates of the steam flow in the control strategy does not decrease the controller performance remarkable.

Published
2005
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13. Validation of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Models with a Highly Granular Scintillator-Steel Hadron Calorimeter

Author

C Adloff, J Blaha, J -J Blaising, C Drancourt, A Espargilière, R Gaglione, N Geffroy, Y Karyotakis, J Prast, G Vouters, K Francis, J Repond, J Schlereth, J Smith, L Xia, E Baldolemar, J Li, S T Park, M Sosebee, A P White, J Yu, T Buanes, G Eigen, Y Mikami, N K Watson, G Mavromanolakis, M A Thomson, D R Ward, W Yan, D Benchekroun, A Hoummada, Y Khoulaki, J Apostolakis, A Dotti, G Folger, V Ivantchenko, V Uzhinskiy, M Benyamna, C Cârloganu, F Fehr, P Gay, S Manen, L Royer, G C Blazey, A Dyshkant, J G R Lima, V Zutshi, J -Y Hostachy, L Morin, U Cornett, D David, G Falley, K Gadow, P Göttlicher, C Günter, B Hermberg, S Karstensen, F Krivan, A -I Lucaci-Timoce, S Lu, B Lutz, S Morozov, V Morgunov, M Reinecke, F Sefkow, P Smirnov, M Terwort, A Vargas-Trevino, N Feege, E Garutti, I Marchesini, M Ramilli, P Eckert, T Harion, A Kaplan, H -Ch Schultz-Coulon, W Shen, R Stamen, B Bilki, E Norbeck, Y Onel, G W Wilson, K Kawagoe, P D Dauncey, A -M Magnan, V Bartsch, M Wing, F Salvatore, E Calvo Alamillo, M -C Fouz, J Puerta-Pelayo, B Bobchenko, M Chadeeva, M Danilov, A Epifantsev, O Markin, R Mizuk, E Novikov, V Popov, V Rusinov, E Tarkovsky, N Kirikova, V Kozlov, Y Soloviev, P Buzhan, A Ilyin, V Kantserov, V Kaplin, A Karakash, E Popova, V Tikhomirov, C Kiesling, K Seidel, F Simon, C Soldner, M Szalay, M Tesar, L Weuste, M S Amjad, J Bonis, S Callier, S Conforti di Lorenzo, P Cornebise, Ph Doublet, F Dulucq, J Fleury, T Frisson, N van der Kolk, H Li, G Martin-Chassard, F Richard, Ch de la Taille, R Pöschl, L Raux, J Rouëné, N Seguin-Moreau, M Anduze, V Boudry, J-C Brient, D Jeans, P Mora de Freitas, G Musat, M Reinhard, M Ruan, H Videau, B Bulanek, J Zacek, J Cvach, P Gallus, M Havranek, M Janata, J Kvasnicka, D Lednicky, M Marcisovsky, I Polak, J Popule, L Tomasek, M Tomasek, P Ruzicka, P Sicho, J Smolik, V Vrba, J Zalesak, B Belhorma, H Ghazlane, T Takeshita, S Uozumi, M Götze, O Hartbrich, J Sauer, S Weber, C Zeitnitz, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CALICE, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Highly Granular Calorimetry [9.5], Hadron, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Silicon photomultiplier, Pion, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Advanced infrastructures for detector R&D [9], Physics, Range (particle radiation), hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computational physics, Calorimeter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Granularity, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Calorimeters with a high granularity are a fundamental requirement of the Particle Flow paradigm. This paper focuses on the prototype of a hadron calorimeter with analog readout, consisting of thirty-eight scintillator layers alternating with steel absorber planes. The scintillator plates are finely segmented into tiles individually read out via Silicon Photomultipliers. The presented results are based on data collected with pion beams in the energy range from 8GeV to 100GeV. The fine segmentation of the sensitive layers and the high sampling frequency allow for an excellent reconstruction of the spatial development of hadronic showers. A comparison between data and Monte Carlo simulations is presented, concerning both the longitudinal and lateral development of hadronic showers and the global response of the calorimeter. The performance of several GEANT4 physics lists with respect to these observables is evaluated. Calorimeters with a high granularity are a fundamentalrequirement of the Particle Flow paradigm. This paper focuses on theprototype of a hadron calorimeter with analog readout, consisting ofthirty-eight scintillator layers alternating with steel absorberplanes. The scintillator plates are finely segmented into tilesindividually read out via Silicon Photomultipliers. The presentedresults are based on data collected with pion beams in the energyrange from 8 GeV to 100 GeV. The fine segmentation of thesensitive layers and the high sampling frequency allow for anexcellent reconstruction of the spatial development of hadronicshowers. A comparison between data and Monte Carlo simulations ispresented, concerning both the longitudinal and lateral developmentof hadronic showers and the global response of the calorimeter. Theperformance of several GEANT4 physics lists with respect tothese observables is evaluated. Calorimeters with a high granularity are a fundamental requirement of the Particle Flow paradigm. This paper focuses on the prototype of a hadron calorimeter with analog readout, consisting of thirty-eight scintillator layers alternating with steel absorber planes. The scintillator plates are finely segmented into tiles individually read out via Silicon Photomultipliers. The presented results are based on data collected with pion beams in the energy range from 8GeV to 100GeV. The fine segmentation of the sensitive layers and the high sampling frequency allow for an excellent reconstruction of the spatial development of hadronic showers. A comparison between data and Monte Carlo simulations is presented, concerning both the longitudinal and lateral development of hadronic showers and the global response of the calorimeter. The performance of several GEANT4 physics lists with respect to these observables is evaluated.

Published
2013
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14. Construction and performance of a silicon photomultiplier/extruded scintillator tail-catcher and muon-tracker

Author

C Adloff, J Blaha, J -J Blaising, C Drancourt, A Espargilière, R Gaglione, N Geffroy, Y Karyotakis, J Prast, G Vouters, B Bilki, K Francis, J Repond, J Smith, L Xia, E Baldolemar, J Li, S T Park, M Sosebee, A P White, J Yu, T Buanes, G Eigen, Y Mikami, N K Watson, G Mavromanolakis, M A Thomson, D R Ward, W Yan, D Benchekroun, A Hoummada, Y Khoulaki, M Benyamna, C Cârloganu, F Fehr, P Gay, S Manen, L Royer, G C Blazey, S Boona, D Chakraborty, A Dyshkant, D Hedin, J G R Lima, J Powell, V Rykalin, N Scurti, M Smith, N Tran, V Zutshi, J -Y Hostachy, L Morin, U Cornett, D David, J Dietrich, G Falley, K Gadow, P Göttlicher, C Günter, B Hermberg, S Karstensen, F Krivan, A -I Lucaci-Timoce, S Lu, B Lutz, I Marchesini, S Morozov, V Morgunov, M Reinecke, F Sefkow, P Smirnov, M Terwort, A Vargas-Trevino, N Feege, E Garutti, P Eckert, A Kaplan, H -Ch Schultz-Coulon, W Shen, R Stamen, A Tadday, E Norbeck, Y Onel, G W Wilson, K Kawagoe, S Uozumi, P D Dauncey, A -M Magnan, V Bartsch, M Wing, F Salvatore, E Calvo Alamillo, M -C Fouz, J Puerta-Pelayo, B Bobchenko, M Chadeeva, M Danilov, A Epifantsev, O Markin, R Mizuk, E Novikov, V Rusinov, E Tarkovsky, N Kirikova, V Kozlov, Y Soloviev, P Buzhan, B Dolgoshein, A Ilyin, V Kantserov, V Kaplin, A Karakash, E Popova, S Smirnov, A Frey, C Kiesling, K Seidel, F Simon, C Soldner, L Weuste, J Bonis, B Bouquet, S Callier, P Cornebise, Ph Doublet, F Dulucq, M Faucci Giannelli, J Fleury, H Li, G Martin-Chassard, F Richard, Ch de la Taille, R Pöschl, L Raux, N Seguin-Moreau, F Wicek, M Anduze, V Boudry, J-C Brient, D Jeans, P Mora de Freitas, G Musat, M Reinhard, M Ruan, H Videau, B Bulanek, J Zacek, J Cvach, P Gallus, M Havranek, M Janata, J Kvasnicka, D Lednicky, M Marcisovsky, I Polak, J Popule, L Tomasek, M Tomasek, P Ruzicka, P Sicho, J Smolik, V Vrba, J Zalesak, B Belhorma, H Ghazlane, T Takeshita, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CALICE, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, International Linear Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Silicon photomultiplier, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Fermilab, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Calorimeter, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A prototype module for an International Linear Collider (ILC) detector was built, installed, and tested between 2006 and 2009 at CERN and Fermilab as part of the CALICE test beam program, in order to study the possibilities of extending energy sampling behind a hadronic calorimeter and to study the possibilities of providing muon tracking. The "tail catcher/muon tracker" (TCMT) is composed of 320 extruded scintillator strips (dimensions 1000 mm x 50 mm x 5 mm) packaged in 16 one-meter square planes interleaved between steel plates. The scintillator strips were read out with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultipliers. The planes were arranged with alternating horizontal and vertical strip orientations. Data were collected for muons and pions in the energy range 6 GeV to 80 GeV. Utilizing data taken in 2006, this paper describes the design and construction of the TCMT, performance characteristics, and a beam-based evaluation of the ability of the TCMT to improve hadronic energy resolution in a prototype ILC detector. For a typical configuration of an ILC detector with a coil situated outside a calorimeter system with a thickness of 5.5 nuclear interaction lengths, a TCMT would improve relative energy resolution by 6-16 % for pions between 20 and 80 GeV., 23 pages, 18 figures, 4 tables, submitted to JINST

Published
2012
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15. Effects of high-energy particle showers on the embedded front-end electronics of an electromagnetic calorimeter for a future lepton collider

Author

U. Cornett, C. Adloff, M. A. Thomson, M. Reinecke, J. Fleury, S. Callier, D. David, Jose Repond, O. Wendt, N. Feege, E. Calvo Alamillo, Andrew White, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, D. Trojand, Y. Mikami, N. Wattimena, H. Li, Frank Simon, P. Cornebise, F. Fehr, B. Lutz, P. Eckert, D. R. Ward, M. C. Fouz, J-Y. Hostachy, Jiang Li, Ivan Marchesini, K. Francis, M. Terwort, P. D. Dauncey, L. Raux, Wei Shen, H. Ch Schultz-Coulon, E. Norbeck, Johannes Haller, S. Richter, A.S. Dyshkant, P. A. Smirnov, H. Ghazlane, Ph. Doublet, Vaclav Vrba, Jong-Sung Yu, J. Samson, V. Morgunov, E. Baldolemar, V. Boudry, K. Gadow, Erika Garutti, Daniel Jeans, Manqi Ruan, G. Falley, Anne-Marie Magnan, N. K. Watson, M. Faucci Giannelli, S. Lu, S. Karstensen, F. Krivan, P. Göttlicher, C. Günter, P. Mora de Freitas, M. Sosebee, F. Salvatore, F. Dulucq, G. C. Blazey, B. Belhorma, F. Wicek, Ch. de la Taille, S. V. Morozov, Yasar Onel, J. Bonis, Petr Sicho, Driss Benchekroun, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, L. Morin, N. T. Meyer, C. Kiesling, Y. Khoulaki, M. Reinhard, G. Musat, S. Manen, A. Tadday, Michal Marcisovsky, Lei Xia, A. I. Lucaci-Timoce, A. Vargas-Trevino, Abdeslam Hoummada, J. Zálešák, N. Seguin-Moreau, F. Sefkow, Francois Richard, R. Pöschl, S. Uozumi, Burak Bilki, A. Frey, H. Videau, G. Martin-Chassard, C. Cârloganu, Rainer Stamen, A. Kaplan, J. Puerta-Pelayo, B. Bouquet, L. Royer, J. Smith, M. Benyamna, Georgios Mavromanolakis, W. Yan, V. Zutshi, J. C. Brient, Riccardo Fabbri, S. T. Park, V. Bartsch, M. Anduze, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CALICE, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, High energy particle, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Integrated circuit, 01 natural sciences, Noise (electronics), law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Application-specific integrated circuit, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:530, Electronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Collider, Instrumentation, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Calorimeter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASICs, similar to those envisaged for the readout electronics of the central calorimeters of detectors for a future lepton collider have been exposed to high-energy electromagnetic showers. A salient feature of these calorimeters is that the readout electronics will be embedded into the calorimeter layers. In this article it is shown that interactions of shower particles in the volume of the readout electronics do not alter the noise pattern of the ASICs. No signal at or above the MIP level has been observed during the exposure. The upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the frequency of fake signals is smaller than 1 × 10 − 5 for a noise threshold of about 60% of a MIP. For ASICs with similar design to those which were tested, it can thus be largely excluded that the embedding of the electronics into the calorimeter layers compromises the performance of the calorimeters.

Published
2011
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16. Electromagnetic response of a highly granular hadronic calorimeter

Author

The CALICE collaboration, C Adloff, J Blaha, J -J Blaising, C Drancourt, A Espargilière, R Gaglione, N Geffroy, Y Karyotakis, J Prast, G Vouters, K Francis, J Repond, J Smith, L Xia, E Baldolemar, J Li, S T Park, M Sosebee, A P White, J Yu, Y Mikami, N K Watson, T Goto, G Mavromanolakis, M A Thomson, D R Ward, W Yan, D Benchekroun, A Hoummada, Y Khoulaki, M Benyamna, C Cârloganu, F Fehr, P Gay, S Manen, L Royer, G C Blazey, A Dyshkant, J G R Lima, V Zutshi, J -Y Hostachy, L Morin, U Cornett, D David, R Fabbri, G Falley, K Gadow, E Garutti, P Göttlicher, C Günter, S Karstensen, F Krivan, A -I Lucaci-Timoce, S Lu, B Lutz, I Marchesini, N Meyer, S Morozov, V Morgunov, M Reinecke, F Sefkow, P Smirnov, M Terwort, A Vargas-Trevino, N Wattimena, O Wendt, N Feege, J Haller, S Richter, J Samson, P Eckert, A Kaplan, H -Ch Schultz-Coulon, W Shen, R Stamen, A Tadday, B Bilki, E Norbeck, Y Onel, G W Wilson, K Kawagoe, S Uozumi, J A Ballin, P D Dauncey, A -M Magnan, H S Yilmaz, O Zorba, V Bartsch, M Postranecky, M Warren, M Wing, F Salvatore, E Calvo Alamillo, M -C Fouz, J Puerta-Pelayo, V Balagura, B Bobchenko, M Chadeeva, M Danilov, A Epifantsev, O Markin, R Mizuk, E Novikov, V Rusinov, E Tarkovsky, V Kozlov, Y Soloviev, P Buzhan, B Dolgoshein, A Ilyin, V Kantserov, V Kaplin, A Karakash, E Popova, S Smirnov, A Frey, C Kiesling, K Seidel, F Simon, C Soldner, L Weuste, J Bonis, B Bouquet, S Callier, P Cornebise, Ph Doublet, F Dulucq, M Faucci Giannelli, J Fleury, G Guilhem, H Li, G Martin-Chassard, F Richard, Ch de la Taille, R Pöschl, L Raux, N Seguin-Moreau, F Wicek, M Anduze, V Boudry, J-C Brient, D Jeans, P Mora de Freitas, G Musat, M Reinhard, M Ruan, H Videau, B Bulanek, J Zacek, J Cvach, P Gallus, M Havranek, M Janata, J Kvasnicka, D Lednicky, M Marcisovsky, I Polak, J Popule, L Tomasek, M Tomasek, P Ruzicka, P Sicho, J Smolik, V Vrba, J Zalesak, B Belhorma, H Ghazlane, K Kotera, M Nishiyama, T Takeshita, S Tozuka, T Buanes, G Eigen, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, International Linear Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Calorimeter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The CALICE collaboration is studying the design of high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters for future International Linear Collider detectors. For the hadronic calorimeter, one option is a highly granular sampling calorimeter with steel as absorber and scintillator layers as active material. High granularity is obtained by segmenting the scintillator into small tiles individually read out via silicon photo-multipliers (SiPM). A prototype has been built, consisting of thirty-eight sensitive layers, segmented into about eight thousand channels. In 2007 the prototype was exposed to positrons and hadrons using the CERN SPS beam, covering a wide range of beam energies and incidence angles. The challenge of cell equalization and calibration of such a large number of channels is best validated using electromagnetic processes. The response of the prototype steel-scintillator calorimeter, including linearity and uniformity, to electrons is investigated and described.

Published
2011
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17. Control and measurement system for high quality superconducting cavities

Author

Wojciech Jalmuzna, S. Karstensen, M. Wenskat, E. Elsen, Wojciech Cichalewski, and Tomasz Jezynski

Subjects
Phase-locked loop, Engineering, Data acquisition, business.industry, Control system, System of measurement, Bandwidth (signal processing), Electrical engineering, Electronic engineering, Oscilloscope, business, Process automation system, Frequency modulation
Abstract

The measurements of superconducting cavity parameters before module assembly stage are very important, because they allow to evaluate critical properties (resonant frequency, quality factor of accelerating mods) of individual resonating cavities. Such measurements are performed in Vertical Test Stand facilities. One of such setups is Vertical Test Stand II (VTS II) at DESY. It is used for conditioning and characterization of cavities for FEL (Free Electron Laser) experiments (especially for FLASH and European XFEL). In the previous set-up cavities in VTS II were operated in Continuous Wave mode using analog control system. The core of the system was analog Phase Lock Loop used to lock phases of incident wave and transmitted wave. All measurements were done using external equipment such as oscilloscopes, spectrum network analyzers, etc. The main disadvantage of such system was lack of flexibility - each small modification required precise system tuning, no new functionality could be added and automation of measurements was hard to achieve. The paper presents new solution of the control system for VTS II based on digital hardware. It allows to overcome most of disadvantages of previous analog system. All measurements and control functions are integrated on a single (FPGA based) computation board, which is fully integrated with external control system. The usage of such system offers functionality such as long term data acquisition (due to Continuous Wave operation of the cavity), special modes of operation (like Self Excited Loop or Digital PLL - due to low bandwidth of measured resonator) and possibility of measurement process automation. Additionally developed user interfaces allow remote access to the system parameters and flexible configuration. The paper discusses each sub-system, presents measurement results and overall system performance evaluation together with some views for future functionality development.

Published
2010
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18. Study of the interactions of pions in the CALICE silicon-tungsten calorimeter prototype

Author

The CALICE collaboration, C Adloff, Y Karyotakis, J Repond, J Yu, G Eigen, Y Mikami, N K Watson, J A Wilson, T Goto, G Mavromanolakis, M A Thomson, D R Ward, W Yan, D Benchekroun, A Hoummada, Y Khoulaki, J Apostolakis, A Ribon, V Uzhinskiy, M Benyamna, C Cârloganu, F Fehr, P Gay, G C Blazey, D Chakraborty, A Dyshkant, K Francis, D Hedin, J G Lima, V Zutshi, J -Y Hostachy, K Krastev, L Morin, N D'Ascenzo, U Cornett, D David, R Fabbri, G Falley, K Gadow, E Garutti, P Göttlicher, T Jung, S Karstensen, A -I Lucaci-Timoce, B Lutz, N Meyer, V Morgunov, M Reinecke, F Sefkow, P Smirnov, A Vargas-Trevino, N Wattimena, O Wendt, N Feege, M Groll, J Haller, R -D Heuer, S Morozov, S Richter, J Samson, A Kaplan, H -Ch Schultz-Coulon, W Shen, A Tadday, B Bilki, E Norbeck, Y Onel, E J Kim, G Kim, D-W Kim, K Lee, S C Lee, K Kawagoe, Y Tamura, P D Dauncey, A -M Magnan, H Yilmaz, O Zorba, V Bartsch, M Postranecky, M Warren, M Wing, M G Green, F Salvatore, M Bedjidian, R Kieffer, I Laktineh, M -C Fouz, D S Bailey, R J Barlow, M Kelly, R J Thompson, M Danilov, E Tarkovsky, N Baranova, D Karmanov, M Korolev, M Merkin, A Voronin, A Frey, S Lu, K Seidel, F Simon, C Soldner, L Weuste, J Bonis, B Bouquet, S Callier, P Cornebise, Ph Doublet, M Faucci Giannelli, J Fleury, H Li, G Martin-Chassard, F Richard, Ch de la Taille, R Poeschl, L Raux, N Seguin-Moreau, F Wicek, M Anduze, V Boudry, J-C Brient, G Gaycken, D Jeans, P Mora de Freitas, G Musat, M Reinhard, A Rougé, M Ruan, J-Ch Vanel, H Videau, K-H Park, J Zacek, J Cvach, P Gallus, M Havranek, M Janata, M Marcisovsky, I Polak, J Popule, L Tomasek, M Tomasek, P Ruzicka, P Sicho, J Smolik, V Vrba, J Zalesak, B Belhorma, M Belmir, S W Nam, I H Park, J Yang, J -S Chai, J -T Kim, G -B Kim, J Kang, Y -J Kwon, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Monte Carlo method, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pion, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], CALICE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ddc:610, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A prototype silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter for an ILC detector was tested in 2007 at the CERN SPS test beam. Data were collected with electron and hadron beams in the energy range 8 to 80 GeV. The analysis described here focuses on the interactions of pions in the calorimeter. One of the main objectives of the CALICE program is to validate the Monte Carlo tools available for the design of a full-sized detector. The interactions of pions in the Si-W calorimeter are therefore confronted with the predictions of various physical models implemented in the GEANT4 simulation framework. A prototype silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter for an ILC detector was tested in 2007 at the CERN SPS test beam. Data were collected with electron and hadron beams in the energy range 8 to 80 GeV. The analysis described here focuses on the interactions of pions in the calorimeter. One of the main objectives of the CALICE program is to validate the Monte Carlo tools available for the design of a full-sized detector. The interactions of pions in the Si-W calorimeter are therefore confronted with the predictions of various physical models implemented in the GEANT4 simulation framework.

Published
2010
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19. Construction and Commissioning of the CALICE Analog Hadron Calorimeter Prototype

Author

The CALICE collaboration, C Adloff, Y Karyotakis, J Repond, A Brandt, H Brown, K De, C Medina, J Smith, J Li, M Sosebee, A White, J Yu, T Buanes, G Eigen, Y Mikami, O Miller, N K Watson, J A Wilson, T Goto, G Mavromanolakis, M A Thomson, D R Ward, W Yan, D Benchekroun, A Hoummada, Y Khoulaki, M Oreglia, M Benyamna, C Cârloganu, P Gay, J Ha, G C Blazey, D Chakraborty, A Dyshkant, K Francis, D Hedin, G Lima, V Zutshi, V A Babkin, S N Bazylev, Yu I Fedotov, V M Slepnev, I A Tiapkin, S V Volgin, J -Y Hostachy, L Morin, N D'Ascenzo, U Cornett, D David, R Fabbri, G Falley, N Feege, K Gadow, E Garutti, P Göttlicher, T Jung, S Karstensen, V Korbel, A -I Lucaci-Timoce, B Lutz, N Meyer, V Morgunov, M Reinecke, S Schätzel, S Schmidt, F Sefkow, P Smirnov, A Vargas-Trevino, N Wattimena, O Wendt, M Groll, R -D Heuer, S Richter, J Samson, A Kaplan, H -Ch Schultz-Coulon, W Shen, A Tadday, B Bilki, E Norbeck, Y Onel, E J Kim, G Kim, D-W Kim, K Lee, S C Lee, K Kawagoe, Y Tamura, J A Ballin, P D Dauncey, A -M Magnan, H Yilmaz, O Zorba, V Bartsch, M Postranecky, M Warren, M Wing, M Faucci Giannelli, M G Green, F Salvatore, R Kieffer, I Laktineh, M C Fouz, D S Bailey, R J Barlow, R J Thompson, M Batouritski, O Dvornikov, Yu Shulhevich, N Shumeiko, A Solin, P Starovoitov, V Tchekhovski, A Terletski, B Bobchenko, M Chadeeva, M Danilov, O Markin, R Mizuk, E Novikov, V Rusinov, E Tarkovsky, V Andreev, N Kirikova, A Komar, V Kozlov, Y Soloviev, A Terkulov, P Buzhan, B Dolgoshein, A Ilyin, V Kantserov, V Kaplin, A Karakash, E Popova, S Smirnov, N Baranova, E Boos, L Gladilin, D Karmanov, M Korolev, M Merkin, A Savin, A Voronin, A Topkar, A Frey, C Kiesling, S Lu, K Prothmann, K Seidel, F Simon, C Soldner, L Weuste, B Bouquet, S Callier, P Cornebise, F Dulucq, J Fleury, H Li, G Martin-Chassard, F Richard, Ch de la Taille, R Poeschl, L Raux, M Ruan, N Seguin-Moreau, F Wicek, M Anduze, V Boudry, J-C Brient, G Gaycken, R Cornat, D Jeans, P Mora de Freitas, G Musat, M Reinhard, A Rougé, J-Ch Vanel, H Videau, K-H Park, J Zacek, J Cvach, P Gallus, M Havranek, M Janata, J Kvasnicka, M Marcisovsky, I Polak, J Popule, L Tomasek, M Tomasek, P Ruzicka, P Sicho, J Smolik, V Vrba, J Zalesak, Yu Arestov, V Ammosov, B Chuiko, V Gapienko, Y Gilitski, V Koreshev, A Semak, Yu Sviridov, V Zaets, B Belhorma, M Belmir, A Baird, R N Halsall, S W Nam, I H Park, J Yang, J -S Chai, J -T Kim, G -B Kim, Y Kim, J Kang, Y -J Kwon, I Kim, T Lee, J Park, J Sung, S Itoh, K Kotera, M Nishiyama, T Takeshita, S Weber, C Zeitnitz, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], CALICE, ddc:610, Fermilab, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, DESY, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

An analog hadron calorimeter (AHCAL) prototype of 5.3 nuclear interaction lengths thickness has been constructed by members of the CALICE Collaboration. The AHCAL prototype consists of a 38-layer sandwich structure of steel plates and highly-segmented scintillator tiles that are read out by wavelength-shifting fibers coupled to SiPMs. The signal is amplified and shaped with a custom-designed ASIC. A calibration/monitoring system based on LED light was developed to monitor the SiPM gain and to measure the full SiPM response curve in order to correct for non-linearity. Ultimately, the physics goals are the study of hadron shower shapes and testing the concept of particle flow. The technical goal consists of measuring the performance and reliability of 7608 SiPMs. The AHCAL was commissioned in test beams at DESY and CERN. The entire prototype was completed in 2007 and recorded hadron showers, electron showers and muons at different energies and incident angles in test beams at CERN and Fermilab., Comment: 36 pages, 32 figures

Published
2010
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20. Response of the CALICE Si-W electromagnetic calorimeter physics prototype to electrons

Author

Ch. de la Taille, N. T. Meyer, T. Jung, I. H. Park, Y. Karyotakis, K. Francis, J. Zalesak, C. Cârloganu, H. Videau, O. Miller, F. Salvatore, Djamel Eddine Boumediene, C. M. Hawkes, M. Faucci Giannelli, Shih-Chang Lee, M. Belmir, E. Norbeck, Y. J. Kwon, Dev P. Chakraborty, J. Popule, O. Wendt, M. Krim, M. Postranecky, A. A. Voronin, G. C. Blazey, J. Zacek, S. Richter, Kyong Sei Lee, P. Mora e Freitas, V. Morgunov, Riccardo Fabbri, M. Bedjidian, N. Brun, R. Poeschl, Ki-Hyeon Park, Erika Garutti, Francois Richard, S. Lu, D. David, D-W. Kim, H. Yilmaz, G. Falley, G. Lima, F. Wicek, Petr Gallus, J. Cvach, Michal Marcisovsky, B. Lutz, C. Adloff, M. Tomášek, Geun-Bum Kim, B. Belhorma, A. Frey, D. S. Bailey, Jose Repond, A. Tadday, L. Raux, R. J. Barlow, Driss Benchekroun, Johannes Haller, A. I. Lucaci-Timoce, Abdeslam Hoummada, F. Morisseau, P. Ruzicka, P. A. Smirnov, Vaclav Vrba, Petr Sicho, V. Korbel, I. Polak, A. Kaplan, A. Vargas-Trevino, M. Janata, Imad Baptiste Laktineh, N. I. Baek, K. Prothmann, Goetz Gaycken, J. Smolik, P. D. Dauncey, J.Ch. Vanel, E. Tarkovsky, A.S. Dyshkant, N. Seguin-Moreau, Jong-Sung Yu, W. Yan, J. Fleury, J-Y. Hostachy, G. Mavromanolakis, Yasar Onel, M. Merkin, Burak Bilki, M. Reinecke, J. C. Brient, M. Anduze, D. A. Bowerman, R. D. Heuer, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, J. H. Kang, Nicola D'Ascenzo, P. Göttlicher, M. Reinhard, F. Sefkow, Y. Tamura, Miroslav Havranek, D. Karmanov, U. Cornett, M. Groll, B. Bouquet, N. Baranova, Frank Simon, Hui Li, M. A. Thomson, E.J. Kim, G. Musat, M. Korolev, J T Kim, J. A. Wilson, G. Eigen, J. Samson, M R M Warren, N. K. Watson, V. Zutshi, Vincent Boudry, R. Kieffer, Jong-Seo Chai, Y. Mikami, S. W. Nam, R. J. Thompson, Anne-Marie Magnan, D. R. Ward, M. G. Green, K. Gadow, O. Zorba, M. Wing, S. Karstensen, L. Morin, N. Wattimena, V. Bartsch, M. Benyamna, S. Callier, T. Goto, P. Cornebise, D. Hedin, Michael Kelly, Wei Shen, H. Ch Schultz-Coulon, L. Tomášek, A. Rougé, N. Feege, M. Danilov, J. Yang, Manqi Ruan, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon detector, International Linear Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Electromagnetic calorimeter, 0103 physical sciences, CALICE, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Linearity, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, Semiconductor detector, ILC, Electron reconstruction, 13. Climate action, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A prototype Silicon-Tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) for an International Linear Collider (ILC) detector was installed and tested during summer and autumn 2006 at CERN. The detector had 6480 silicon pads of dimension 1x1 cm^2. Data were collected with electron beams in the energy range 6 to 45 GeV. The analysis described in this paper focuses on electromagnetic shower reconstruction and characterises the ECAL response to electrons in terms of energy resolution and linearity. The detector is linear to within approximately the 1% level and has a relative energy resolution of (16.6 +- 0.1)/ \sqrt{E(GeV}) + 1.1 +- 0.1 (%). The spatial uniformity and the time stability of the ECAL are also addressed., 21 pages, 17 figs

Published
2009
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21. Test Results on the Silicon Pixel Detector for the TTF-FEL Beam Trajectory Monitor

Author

R. Ischebeck, J. Kemmer, Robert Klanner, Lothar Strüder, U.C. Müller, Peter Schmüser, S. Karstensen, Karsten Hansen, M. Leenen, S. Hillert, S. Roth, P. Holl, Johnny S. T. Ng, and Peter Lechner

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Photon, Pixel, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Free-electron laser, FOS: Physical sciences, Synchrotron light source, Optics, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Instrumentation, Radiation hardening, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Test measurements on the silicon pixel detector for the beam trajectory monitor at the free electron laser of the TESLA test facility are presented. To determine the electronic noise of detector and read-out and to calibrate the signal amplitude of different pixels the 6 keV photons of the manganese K line are used. Two different methods determine the spatial accuracy of the detector: In one setup a laser beam is focused to a straight line and moved across the pixel structure. In the other the detector is scanned using a low-intensity electron beam of an electron microscope. Both methods show that the symmetry axis of the detector defines a straight line within 0.4 microns. The sensitivity of the detector to low energy X-rays is measured using a vacuum ultraviolet beam at the synchrotron light source HASYLAB. Additionally, the electron microscope is used to study the radiation hardness of the detector., Comment: 14 pages (Latex), 13 figures (Postscript), submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods A

Published
2000
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22. The tracking calorimeter and muon detectors of the H1 experiment at Hera

Author

L. N. Shtarkov, A. Panitch, G. Tappern, R. Nisius, Armen Vartapetian, P. S. Flower, R. Bernet, D. White, K. C. Hoeger, B. Morgan, H. Bergstein, S. D. Kolya, Th. Naumann, U. Bassler, J. Žáček, A. B. Lodge, P. Jovanovic, F. Linsel, J. P Dewulf, H. Novakova, K. Gabathuler, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, J. R. Smith, R. Herma, S. Schiek, H. Duhm, V. Milone, E. Gažo, J. Mock, Tim Greenshaw, A. Sirous, N.H. Cunliffe, F. Blouzon, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, A. Wegner, Paul Richard Newman, Grzegorz Nowak, Emmanuel Monnier, C. Jacobsson, L. R. West, S. Kermiche, Michael Schulz, J. M. Foster, P. Štefan, J-P. Meyer, W. von Schlippe, Leif J. Jönsson, E. Deffur, M. Lemler, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, Vladimir Andreev, J. Heatherington, H. Ziaeepour, E. Panaro, J. Kurzhöfer, T. Merz, M. Ibbotson, J. Duboc, B. Stella, D. Hammer, S. Kasarian, Leith Godfrey, P. Ribarics, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, L. Laptin, S. Mani, R. Felst, J. Haack, G. Martin, S. Levonian, K. Stephens, H. P. Beck, J.M. Morton, P. Kostka, H. Greif, R. Eichler, I. O. Skillicorn, J.P. Lottin, H. Lohmander, Derek L. G. Hill, V. Efremenko, S. Eichenberger, H. B. Dreis, J. P. Kubenka, U. Gensch, J. H. Köhne, J. Huber, R. Kaschowitz, R. Bernier, D. Newton, K. Zuber, A. Lebedev, Stephen Burke, M. Eberle, J. Staeck, E. Peppel, D. Handschuh, M. Wagener, W. Hildesheim, J. Ferencei, Roland Horisberger, M. Colombo, M. Rietz, S. Aid, K. Flamm, D. Imbault, M. David, Murrough Landon, R.L. Chase, A. E. Wright, H. Krehbiel, A. Valkárová, A. Mavroidis, G. Kemmerling, V. Tchudakov, G. W. Noyes, G. Siegmon, A. Pieuchot, S. Mikocki, M. Seman, K. Rüter, S. Riess, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, H. T. Blume, F. Charles, R. Beyer, L. Del Buono, I. Sheviakov, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, U. Dretzler, K. Hangarter, U. Kathage, E. Eisenhandler, D. Haidt, D. Breton, J. Moreels, J. Cvach, K. Thiele, C. Niebuhr, C. Gregory, S. Egli, P. Lanius, K. Gadow, A. Reboux, P. I. P. Kalmus, B. Laforge, Mikhail Danilov, D. Lewin, H. Steiner, Th. Wolff, R. Roosen, D. Kant, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, Zhen Zhang, Y. Soloviev, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, P. Van Mechelen, M. Charlet, M. Rudowicz, G. Heinzelmann, P E. Hatton, I. Abt, F. Ould-Saada, G. Buschhorn, H. I. Cronström, Z.Y. Feng, U. Lenhardt, U. Harder, V. Tchernyshov, H.-J. Küsel, P. Hill, Steve McMahon, Kerstin Borras, U. Krüger, J.F. Huppert, M. Kolander, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, E. Gabathuler, J. David, J. Bán, F. Descamps, M. Fleischer, T. R. Ebert, A. Semenov, H. Shooshtari, A. Jacholkowska, J. Martyniak, S. Dagoret, C. A. Meyer, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, H. U. Martyn, A. Busata, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, U. Seehausen, T. P. Yiou, U. Krüner-Marquis, M. Vecko, J. C. Biasci, I. W. Walker, I. R. Kenyon, T. Novák, D. Mercer, F. Sefkow, H. Spitzer, A. Gruber, H. Küster, G. Kantel, N. Lugetski, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. C. Cousinou, K. Johannsen, M. Urban, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, B. Fominykh, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, Nicolas Ellis, A. Rudge, P. Fuhrmann, J. Lipinski, C. Zeitnitz, E. Wünsch, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, A. Nepeipivo, Christophe Royon, M. Korn, K. Ludwig, B. Liss, G. Falley, S. Masson, E. Barrelet, Dave Sankey, P. Burmeister, P. Dingus, F. Krivan, A. Usik, Ch. Ley, J. Feltesse, L. Criegee, G. Franke, A. De Roeck, F. Brasse, L. Goerlich, D. Gillespie, Richard E. Taylor, Michel Devel, B. Naroska, T. Jansen, Emmanuelle Perez, Winston Ko, G. Weber, Björn Lundberg, P. Hartz, V. Masbender, M. Kubantsev, J.F. Connolly, Max Klein, R. J. Ellison, L. Urban, U. Straumann, F. Dupont, C. Pascaud, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, R. von Staa, S. Rusakov, L. Van Lancker, Dusan Bruncko, P. Nayman, W. Pimpl, Ch. Berger, F. Ferrarotto, H. Henschel, A. Gellrich, U. Berthon, F. Lamarche, T. Kurča, G. Rädel, J. Schütt, A. Drescher, N. Magnussen, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, D.P. Johnson, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, P. Jean, L. Gosset, H. Genzel, W. Fröchtenicht, S. A. Murray, W. Bartel, B. Koppitz, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, J. Formánek, N. Sahlmann, E. Schuhmann, H. Brettel, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, C. Beigbeder, Ph. Huet, K. Tröger, C. Trenkel, G. Reinmuth, Wolfgang Scobel, D. Darvill, P. Biddulph, P. Binko, R. Ebbinghaus, J. Koch, L. Büngener, Ch. Pichler, D. Bederede, J. Martens, H. Laskus, M. Flieser, Kaori Maeshima, F. Kole, Martin Erdmann, Eckhart Fretwurst, J. Stier, J. V. Morris, D. A. Cragg, D. Newman-Coburn, Hermann Kolanoski, Jan Godlewski, M. A. Jabiol, G. Villet, S. Schleif, U. Obrock, J. Marks, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, Pierre Marage, G. Schmidt, Y. Vazdik, D. Clarke, G. A. Beck, J. Garvey, F. W. Büsser, R B. Hopes, John A Coughlan, A. Coville, R. C. W. Henderson, U. Cornett, C. Vallée, Elzbieta Banas, Rosario Martín, P. Goritchev, A. Epifantsev, H. Quehl, A. M. Fomenko, U. Pein, K. Gamerdinger, Horst Oberlack, Vladimir Rusinov, L. Smolik, H. K. Nguyen, I. Herynek, P. Perrodo, Pavel Shatalov, W. Tribanek, J. Tutas, R. D. Appuhn, W. Braunschweig, M. Forbush, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, A. Schwind, R. Sell, S. Tapprogge, W.D. Dau, M. Vanderkelen, D. Lüers, J. D. Burger, Petr Zavada, P. Weissbach, E. Elsen, R. Prosi, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, H. Grässler, Pavel Staroba, C. Arnault, B. Dulny, A. Courau, J. B. Dainton, C. Paulot, J. Spalek, I. Tichomirov, L.A. Womersley, Claire Bourdarios, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Stephen Maxfield, J L. Mills, P. Verrecchia, P. Škvařil, C R. Hedgecock, D. Neyret, N. Huot, U. Siewert, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, J. Stiewe, S. Palanque, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, J. Fent, M. Gennis, B W H. Edwards, V. Schröder, G. Van Beek, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, J. Riedlberger, H. H. Kaufmann, N. Gogitidze, M. Zimmer, C. Gruber, A. Patoux, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, A. Walther, W. Flauger, Jean-Francois Laporte, Laurent Favart, Z. Szkutnik, J. Turnau, M. Ruffer, G. Ernst, S. Orenstein, W. Zimmermann, B E. Wyborn, M. Steenbock, I. Giesgen, C. Dollfus, R. Bernard, P. Pailler, J. Ebert, B. Andrieu, A. Strowbridge, H. Hufnagel, Daniel Pitzl, K. Geske, J. Koll, Frank Raupach, K. Finke, S. Günther, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, N. Wulff, A. Perus, Ulrich Goerlach, P. Kasselmann, E. Evrard, Peter Loch, J. Gayler, C.D. Hilton, U. Buchner, G. Lindström, M. Turiot, A. Porrovecchio, B. Delcourt, U. Stösslein, M. Grewe, B. Montes, C. Leverenz, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, O. Hamon, V. Bidoli, P. Baranov, D.E. Baynham, V. Commichau, G. Cozzika, Peter Schleper, P. Röpnack, F. Eisele, A. Lindner, J. Janoth, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, J.P. Phillips, Stefan Valkar, P. Truöl, F. Basti, H T. Phillips, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, Hannes Jung, D. Schmidt, K. Rosenbauer, M. Haguenauer, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, Rudolf Langkau, W. Schmitz, M. Savitski, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, C. Thiebaux, A. Ducorps, J. Strachota, Jean Sacton, G. Thompson, A. Cyz, H. Riege, D. Düllmann, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Peter Robmann, J. Šťastný, V. Riech, O. Dünger, M. Hapke, R. Gerhards, P. E. Reimer, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, J. Jeanjean, G. G. Winter, G. Grindhammer, P. Steffen, Jolanta Olszowska, D. Zarbock, H. P. Wellisch, T. Carli, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, E. Binder, E. Sanchez, D. Sole, S. Prell, I F. Fensome, S. Reinshagen, C. Kiesling, T. Kobler, R J. Day, K. Djiki, T. Külper, S. Karstensen, N. Schirm, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, W. Glasgow, Wolfram Erdmann, T. Ahmed, J. Meissner, D. Feeken, J.Y. Parey, S. Willard, H. Schmücker, M. Winde, J. P. Pharabod, L. Johnson, J.M. Baze, F. Martin, V. Lubimov, A. Hrisoho, Kerec, Hélène, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille ( CPPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Elementary Particle Physics, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Calorimeter (particle physics), [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, HERA, Tracking (particle physics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Storage ring, Muon detector
Abstract

Technical aspects of the three major components of the H1 detector at the electron-proton storage ring HERA are described. This paper covers the detector status up to the end of 1994 when a major upgrading of some of its elements was undertaken. A description of the other elements of the detector and some performance figures from luminosity runs at HERA during 1993 and 1994 are given in a paper previously published in this journal.

Published
1997

23. The H1 detector at HERA

Author

I. Abt, T. Ahmed, S. Aid, V. Andreev, B. Andrieu, R.D. Appuhn, C. Arnault, M. Arpagaus, A. Babaev, H. Bärwolff, J. Bán, E. Banas, P. Baranov, E. Barrelet, W. Bartel, M. Barth, U. Bassler, F. Basti, D.E. Baynham, J.-M. Baze, G.A. Beck, H.P. Beck, D. Bederede, H.-J. Behrend, C. Beigbeder, A. Belousov, Ch. Berger, H. Bergstein, R. Bernard, G. Bernardi, R. Bernet, R. Bernier, U. Berthon, G. Bertrand-Coremans, M. Besançon, R. Beyer, J.-C. Biasci, P. Biddulph, V. Bidoli, E. Binder, P. Binko, J.-C. Bizot, V. Blobel, F. Blouzon, H. Blume, K. Borras, V. Boudry, C. Bourdarios, F. Brasse, W. Braunschweig, D. Breton, H. Brettel, V. Brisson, D. Bruncko, C. Brune, U. Buchner, L. Büngener, J. Bürger, F.W. Büsser, A. Buniatian, S. Burke, P. Burmeister, A. Busata, G. Buschhorn, A.J. Campbell, T. Carli, F. Charles, M. Charlet, R. Chase, D. Clarke, A.B. Clegg, M. Colombo, V. Commichau, J.F. Connolly, U. Cornett, J.A. Coughlan, A. Courau, M.-C. Cousinou, Ch. Coutures, A. Coville, G. Cozzika, D.A. Cragg, L. Criegee, H.I. Cronström, N.H. Cunliffe, J. Cvach, A. Cyz, S. Dagoret, J.B. Dainton, M. Danilov, A.W.E. Dann, D. Darvill, W.D. Dau, J. David, M. David, R.J. Day, E. Deffur, B. Delcourt, L. Del Buono, F. Descamps, M. Devel, J.P. Dewulf, A. De Roeck, P. Dingus, K. Djidi, C. Dollfus, J.D. Dowell, H.B. Dreis, A. Drescher, U. Dretzler, J. Duboc, A. Ducorps, D. Düllmann, O. Dünger, H. Duhm, B. Dulny, F. Dupont, R. Ebbinghaus, M. Eberle, J. Ebert, T.R. Ebert, G. Eckerlin, B.W.H. Edwards, V. Efremenko, S. Egli, S. Eichenberger, R. Eichler, F. Eisele, E. Eisenhandler, N.N. Ellis, R.J. Ellison, E. Elsen, A. Epifantsev, M. Erdmann, W. Erdmann, G. Ernst, E. Evrard, G. Falley, L. Favart, A. Fedotov, D. Feeken, R. Felst, J. Feltesse, Z.Y. Feng, I.F. Fensome, J. Fent, J. Ferencei, F. Ferrarotto, K. Finke, K. Flamm, W. Flauger, M. Fleischer, M. Flieser, P.S. Flower, G. Flügge, A. Fomenko, B. Fominykh, M. Forbush, J. Formánek, J.M. Foster, G. Franke, E. Fretwurst, W. Fröchtenicht, P. Fuhrmann, E. Gabathuler, K. Gabathuler, K. Gadow, K. Gamerdinger, J. Garvey, J. Gayler, E. Gažo, A. Gellrich, M. Gennis, U. Gensch, H. Genzel, R. Gerhards, K. Geske, I. Giesgen, D. Gillespie, W. Glasgow, L. Godfrey, J. Godlewski, U. Goerlach, L. Goerlich, N. Gogitidze, M. Goldberg, A.M. Goodall, I. Gorelov, P. Goritchev, L. Gosset, C. Grab, H. Grässler, R. Grässler, T. Greenshaw, C. Gregory, H. Greif, M. Grewe, G. Grindhammer, A. Gruber, C. Gruber, S. Günther, J. Haack, M. Haguenauer, D. Haidt, L. Hajduk, D. Hammer, O. Hamon, M. Hampel, D. Handschuh, K. Hangarter, E.M. Hanlon, M. Hapke, U. Harder, J. Harjes, P. Hartz, P.E. Hatton, R. Haydar, W.J. Haynes, J. Heatherington, V. Hedberg, C.R. Hedgecock, G. Heinzelmann, R.C.W. Henderson, H. Henschel, R. Herma, I. Herynek, W. Hildesheim, P. Hill, D.L. Hill, C.D. Hilton, J. Hladký, K.C. Hoeger, R.B. Hopes, R. Horisberger, A. Hrisoho, J. Huber, Ph. Huet, H. Hufnagel, N. Huot, J.-F. Huppert, M. Ibbotson, D. Imbault, H. Itterbeck, M.-A. Jabiol, A. Jacholkowska, C. Jacobsson, M. Jaffré, T. Jansen, P. Jean, J. Jeanjean, L. Jönsson, K. Johannsen, D.P. Johnson, L. Johnson, P. Jovanovic, H. Jung, P.I.P. Kalmus, D. Kant, G. Kantel, S. Karstensen, S. Kasarian, R. Kaschowitz, P. Kasselmann, U. Kathage, H.H. Kaufmann, G. Kemmerling, I.R. Kenyon, S. Kermiche, C. Keuker, C. Kiesling, M. Klein, C. Kleinwort, G. Knies, W. Ko, T. Kobler, J. Koch, T. Köhler, J. Köhne, M. Kolander, H. Kolanoski, F. Kole, J. Koll, S.D. Kolya, B. Koppitz, V. Korbel, M. Korn, P. Kostka, S.K. Kotelnikov, M.W. Krasny, H. Krehbiel, F. Krivan, D. Krücker, U. Krüger, U. Krüner-Marquis, M. Kubantsev, J.P. Kubenka, T. Külper, H.-J. Küsel, H. Küster, M. Kuhlen, T. Kurča, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Kuznik, B. Laforge, F. Lamarche, R. Lander, M.P.J. Landon, W. Lange, R. Langkau, P. Lanius, J.-F. Laporte, L. Laptin, H. Laskus, A. Lebedev, M. Lemler, U. Lenhardt, A. Leuschner, C. Leverenz, S. Levonian, D. Lewin, Ch. Ley, A. Lindner, G. Lindström, F. Linsel, J. Lipinski, B. Liss, P. Loch, A.B. Lodge, H. Lohmander, G.C. Lopez, J.-P. Lottin, V. Lubimov, K. Ludwig, D. Lüers, N. Lugetski, B. Lundberg, K. Maeshima, N. Magnussen, E. Malinovski, S. Mani, P. Marage, J. Marks, R. Marshall, J. Martens, F. Martin, G. Martin, R. Martin, H.-U. Martyn, J. Martyniak, V. Masbender, S. Masson, A. Mavroidis, S.J. Maxfield, S.J. McMahon, A. Mehta, K. Meier, J. Meissner, D. Mercer, T. Merz, C.A. Meyer, H. Meyer, J. Meyer, S. Mikocki, J.L. Mills, V. Milone, J. Möck, E. Monnier, B. Montés, F. Moreau, J. Moreels, B. Morgan, J.V. Morris, J.M. Morton, K. Müller, P. Murín, S.A. Murray, V. Nagovizin, B. Naroska, Th. Naumann, P. Nayman, A. Nepeipivo, P. Newman, D. Newman-Coburn, D. Newton, D. Neyret, H.K. Nguyen, F. Niebergall, C. Niebuhr, R. Nisius, T. Novák, H. Nováková, G. Nowak, G.W. Noyes, M. Nyberg, H. Oberlack, U. Obrock, J.E. Olsson, J. Olszowska, S. Orenstein, F. Ould-Saada, P. Pailler, S. Palanque, E. Panaro, A. Panitch, J.-Y. Parey, C. Pascaud, G.D. Patel, A. Patoux, C. Paulot, U. Pein, E. Peppel, E. Perez, P. Perrodo, A. Perus, S. Peters, J.-P. Pharabod, H.T. Phillips, J.P. Phillips, Ch. Pichler, A. Pieuchot, W. Pimpl, D. Pitzl, A. Porrovecchio, S. Prell, R. Prosi, H. Quehl, G. Rädel, F. Raupach, K. Rauschnabel, A. Reboux, P. Reimer, G. Reinmuth, S. Reinshagen, P. Ribarics, V. Riech, J. Riedlberger, H. Riege, S. Riess, M. Rietz, S.M. Robertson, P. Robmann, P. Röpnack, R. Roosen, K. Rosenbauer, A. Rostovtsev, C. Royon, A. Rudge, K. Rüter, M. Rudowicz, M. Ruffer, S. Rusakov, V. Rusinov, K. Rybicki, J. Sacton, N. Sahlmann, E. Sanchez, D.P.C. Sankey, M. Savitski, P. Schacht, S. Schiek, N. Schirm, S. Schleif, P. Schleper, W. von Schlippe, C. Schmidt, D. Schmidt, G. Schmidt, W. Schmitz, H. Schmücker, V. Schröder, J. Schütt, E. Schuhmann, M. Schulz, A. Schwind, W. Scobel, U. Seehausen, F. Sefkow, R. Sell, M. Seman, A. Semenov, P. Shatalov, V. Shekelyan, I. Sheviakov, H. Shooshtari, L.N. Shtarkov, G. Siegmon, U. Siewert, Y. Sirois, A. Sirous, I.O. Skillicorn, P. Škvařil, P. Smirnov, J.R. Smith, L. Smolik, D. Sole, Y. Soloviev, J. Špalek, H. Spitzer, R. von Staa, J. Staeck, P. Staroba, J. Šťastný, M. Steenbock, P. Štefan, P. Steffen, R. Steinberg, H. Steiner, B. Stella, K. Stephens, J. Stier, J. Stiewe, U. Stösslein, J. Strachota, U. Straumann, A. Strowbridge, W. Struczinski, J.P. Sutton, Z. Szkutnik, G. Tappern, S. Tapprogge, R.E. Taylor, V. Tchernyshov, V. Tchudakov, C. Thiebaux, K. Thiele, G. Thompson, R.J. Thompson, I. Tichomirov, C. Trenkel, W. Tribanek, K. Tröger, P. Truöl, M. Turiot, J. Turnau, J. Tutas, L. Urban, M. Urban, A. Usik, Š. Valkár, A. Valkárová, C. Vallée, G. Van Beek, M. Vanderkelen, L. Van Lancker, P. Van Mechelen, A. Vartapetian, Y. Vazdik, M. Vecko, P. Verrecchia, R. Vick, G. Villet, E. Vogel, K. Wacker, M. Wagener, I.W. Walker, A. Walther, G. Weber, D. Wegener, A. Wegner, P. Weissbach, H.P. Wellisch, L. West, D. White, S. Willard, M. Winde, G.-G. Winter, Th. Wolff, L.A. Womersley, A.E. Wright, E. Wünsch, N. Wulff, B.E. Wyborn, T.P. Yiou, J. Žáček, D. Zarbock, P. Závada, C. Zeitnitz, Z. Zhang, H. Ziaeepour, M. Zimmer, W. Zimmermann, F. Zomer, K. Zuber, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille ( CPPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), H1, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, HERA, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Upgrade, Data acquisition, law, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Collider, Instrumentation, Storage ring
Abstract

General aspects of the H1 detector at the electron-proton storage ring HERA as well as technical descriptions of the magnet, luminosity system, trigger, slow-control, data acquisition and off-line data handling are given. The three major components of the detector, the tracking, calorimeter and muon detectors, will be described in a forthcoming article. The present paper describes the detector that was used from 1992 to the end of 1994. After this a major upgrade of some components was undertaken. Some performance figures from luminosity runs at HERA during 1993 and 1994 are given.

Published
1997

24. Tests of a Particle Flow Algorithm with CALICE test beam data

Author

The CALICE collaboration, C Adloff, J Blaha, J -J Blaising, C Drancourt, A Espargilière, R Gaglione, N Geffroy, Y Karyotakis, J Prast, G Vouters, K Francis, J Repond, J Smith, L Xia, E Baldolemar, J Li, S T Park, M Sosebee, A P White, J Yu, T Buanes, G Eigen, Y Mikami, N K Watson, T Goto, G Mavromanolakis, M A Thomson, D R Ward, W Yan, D Benchekroun, A Hoummada, Y Khoulaki, M Benyamna, C Cârloganu, F Fehr, P Gay, S Manen, L Royer, G C Blazey, A Dyshkant, J G R Lima, V Zutshi, J -Y Hostachy, L Morin, U Cornett, D David, R Fabbri, G Falley, K Gadow, E Garutti, P Göttlicher, C Günter, S Karstensen, F Krivan, A -I Lucaci-Timoce, S Lu, B Lutz, I Marchesini, N Meyer, S Morozov, V Morgunov, M Reinecke, F Sefkow, P Smirnov, M Terwort, A Vargas-Trevino, N Wattimena, O Wendt, N Feege, J Haller, S Richter, J Samson, P Eckert, A Kaplan, H -Ch Schultz-Coulon, W Shen, R Stamen, A Tadday, B Bilki, E Norbeck, Y Onel, G W Wilson, K Kawagoe, S Uozumi, P D Dauncey, A -M Magnan, M Wing, F Salvatore, E Calvo Alamillo, M -C Fouz, J Puerta-Pelayo, V Balagura, B Bobchenko, M Chadeeva, M Danilov, A Epifantsev, O Markin, R Mizuk, E Novikov, V Rusinov, E Tarkovsky, N Kirikova, V Kozlov, Y Soloviev, P Buzhan, B Dolgoshein, A Ilyin, V Kantserov, V Kaplin, A Karakash, E Popova, S Smirnov, A Frey, C Kiesling, K Seidel, F Simon, C Soldner, L Weuste, J Bonis, B Bouquet, S Callier, P Cornebise, Ph Doublet, F Dulucq, M Faucci Giannelli, J Fleury, H Li, G Martin-Chassard, F Richard, Ch de la Taille, R Pöschl, L Raux, N Seguin-Moreau, F Wicek, M Anduze, V Boudry, J-C Brient, D Jeans, P Mora de Freitas, G Musat, M Reinhard, M Ruan, H Videau, B Bulanek, J Zacek, J Cvach, P Gallus, M Havranek, M Janata, J Kvasnicka, D Lednicky, M Marcisovsky, I Polak, J Popule, L Tomasek, M Tomasek, P Ruzicka, P Sicho, J Smolik, V Vrba, J Zalesak, B Belhorma, H Ghazlane, T Takeshita, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Particle physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, Hadron, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Jet (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pion, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Collider, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Calorimeter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Algorithm, Beam (structure), Lepton
Abstract

The studies presented in this paper provide a first experimental test of the Particle Flow Algorithm (PFA) concept using data recorded in high granularity calorimeters. Pairs of overlaid pion showers from CALICE 2007 test beam data are reconstructed by the PandoraPFA program developed to implement PFA for a future lepton collider. Recovery of a neutral hadron's energy in the vicinity of a charged hadron is studied. The impact of the two overlapping hadron showers on energy resolution is investigated. The dependence of the confusion error on the distance between a 10 GeV neutral hadron and a charged pion is derived for pion energies of 10 and 30 GeV which are representative of a 100 GeV jet. The comparison of these test beam data results with Monte Carlo simulation is done for various hadron shower models within the GEANT4 framework. The results for simulated particles and for beam data are in good agreement thereby providing support for previous simulation studies of the power of Particle Flow Calorimetry at a future lepton collider. CALICE 2007 test beam data were used to test the PandoraPFA program. The program capability to recover a neutral hadron energy in the vicinity of a charged hadron was studied. The impact of overlapping of two hadron showers on energy resolution was investigated. The dependence of the confusion error on the distance between a 10 GeV neutral hadron and a charged pion was derived for pion energies of 10 and 30 GeV which are representative of a 100 GeV jet. The comparison of these test beam data results with Monte Carlo simulation was done for LHEP and QGSP BERT physics lists. The probability of correct recovering of neutral hadron energy has been calculated. The dependence of the confusion error on the neutral hadron energy was also studied. The confusion error averaged over 100 GeV jet fragment energies has been estimated for the case of one neutral and one charged hadron.

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25. DNA alterations in ovarian adult granulosa cell tumours: A scoping review protocol.

Author

Karstensen S, Kaiser K, Moos C, Poulsen TS, Jochumsen K, Høgdall C, Lauszus F, and Høgdall E

Subjects
Female, Humans, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Granulosa Cell Tumor genetics, Granulosa Cell Tumor pathology, Ovarian Neoplasms genetics, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology
Abstract

Background: Identifying and describing molecular alterations in tumors has become common with the development of high-throughput sequencing. However, DNA sequencing in rare tumors, such as ovarian adult granulosa cell tumor (aGCT), often lacks statistical power due to the limited number of cases in each study. Questions regarding personalized treatment or prognostic biomarkers for recurrence or other malignancies therefore still need to be elucidated. This scoping review protocol aims to systematically map the current evidence and identify knowledge gaps regarding DNA alterations, actionable variations and prognostic biomarkers in aGCT., Methods: This scoping review will be conducted based on Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework and later modifications by JBI Evidence Synthesis. The protocol complies with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. All original publications describing molecular alterations of aGCT will be included. The search will be performed in May 2024 in the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar (100-top ranked)., Discussion: This scoping review will identify knowledge and gaps in the current understanding of the molecular landscape of aGCT, clinical trials on actionable variations and priorities for future research. As aGCT are rare, a possible limitation will be the small sample sizes and heterogenic study settings., Scoping Review Registration: The review protocol is registered at Open Science Framework under https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PX4MF., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist, (Copyright: © 2024 Karstensen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Published
2024
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26. Revision surgery and mortality following complex spine surgery: 2-year follow-up in a prospective cohort of 679 patients using the Spine AdVerse Event Severity (SAVES) system.

Author

Bari TJ, Karstensen S, Sørensen MD, Gehrchen M, Street J, and Dahl B

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Cause of Death, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Orthopedic Procedures methods, Prospective Studies, Risk, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Orthopedic Procedures adverse effects, Orthopedic Procedures mortality, Reoperation statistics & numerical data, Spinal Diseases mortality, Spinal Diseases surgery, Spine surgery
Abstract

Study Design: Prospective study., Objective: To determine the 2-year risk of revision surgery and all-cause mortality after complex spine surgery, and to assess if prospectively registered adverse events (AE) could predict either outcome. Revision surgery and mortality are serious complications to spine surgery. Previous studies of frequency have mainly been retrospective and few studies have employed competing risk survival analyses. In addition, assessment of predictors has focused on preoperative patient characteristics. The effect of perioperative AEs on revision and all-cause mortality risks are not fully understood., Methods: Between January 1 and December 31, 2013, we prospectively included all patients undergoing complex spine surgery at a single, tertiary institution. Complex spine surgery was defined as conditions deemed too complicated for surgery at a secondary institute, or patients with severe comorbidities requiring multidisciplinary observation and treatment. AEs were registered using the Spine Adverse Event Severity system and patients were followed for minimum 2 years regarding revision surgery and all-cause mortality. Incidences were estimated using competing risk survival analyses and correlation between AEs and either outcome was assessed using proportional odds models., Results: We included a complete and consecutive cohort of 679 adult and pediatric patients. Demographics, surgical data, AEs, and events of revision or all-cause mortality were registered. The cumulative incidence of 2-year all-cause revision was 19% (16-22%) and all-cause mortality was 15% (12-18%). Deformity surgery was the surgical category with highest incidence of revision and the highest incidence of all-cause mortality was seen in the tumor group. Across surgical categories, cumulative incidences of 2-year revision ranged between 11% (tumor) and 33% (deformity), whilst 2-year all-cause mortality ranged between 3% (deformity) and 33% (tumor). We found that major intraoperative AEs were associated to increased odds of revision. Deep wound infection was associated to increased odds of all-cause mortality., Conclusions: We report the cumulative incidences of revision surgery and all-cause mortality following complex spine surgery. We found higher incidences of revision compared to previous retrospective studies. Prospectively registered AEs were correlated to increased odds of revision surgery and all-cause mortality. These results may serve as reference for future interventional studies and aid in identifying at-risk patients., Level of Evidence: I.

Published
2020
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27. Readmission following complex spine surgery in a prospective cohort of 679 patients - 2-years follow-up using the Spine AdVerse Event Severity (SAVES) system.

Author

Bari TJ, Karstensen S, Sørensen MD, Gehrchen M, Street JT, and Dahl B

Subjects
Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Spine surgery, Patient Readmission, Postoperative Complications epidemiology
Abstract

Background Context: Recent studies suggest that prospective registration more accurately reflects the true incidence of adverse events (AEs). To our knowledge, no previous study has investigated prospectively registered AEs' influence on hospital readmission following spine surgery., Purpose: To determine the frequency and type of unplanned readmissions after complex spine surgery, and to investigate if prospectively registered AEs can predict readmissions., Design: This is a prospective, consecutive cohort study., Patient Sample: We conducted a single-center study of 679 consecutive patients who underwent complex spine surgery defined as conditions deemed too complicated for surgery at a secondary institute, or patients with severe comorbidities requiring multidisciplinary observation and treatment., Outcome Measures: The outcomes in this study were (1) readmission to any hospital department within 30 days of discharge and (2) readmission to a surgical spine center at any time in follow-up., Methods: All patients undergoing complex spine surgery, at our tertiary referral center, were consecutively, and prospectively, included from January 1 to December 31, 2013. Demographics and perioperative AEs were registered using the Spine AdVerse Events Severity (SAVES) system. Patients were followed for a minimum of two years. A competing risk survival model was used to estimate rates of readmissions with death as a competing risk. Patient characteristics, surgical parameters and perioperative AEs were analyzed to identify factors associated with readmission. Analyses of 30-day readmission were performed using logistic regression models. A proportional odds model, with death as competing risk, was used for readmissions to a spine center at any time in follow-up. Results were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)., Results: Within 2 years of index discharge, 443 (65%) were readmitted. Only 20% of readmissions were to a spine center. Cumulative incidence (95% CI) of readmission was estimated to 13% (10%-16%) at 30 days, 26% (23%-30%) at 90 days, 50% (46%-54%) at 1 year, and 59% (55%-63%) at 2 years following discharge. Rates were markedly lower for readmissions to a spine center. Increased odds of 30-day readmission were correlated to intraoperative hypotension (p=.02) and major intraoperative blood loss (p<.01). Readmission to a spine center was associated with the number of instrumented vertebrae (p=.047), major intraoperative AE (p=.01), and intraoperative hypotension (p<.01)., Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze prospectively registered AEs' association to readmission up to 2 years after complex spine surgery. We found that readmissions were more frequent than previously reported when including readmissions to any department or hospital. Factors related to major intraoperative blood loss were associated to increased odds of readmission. This should be considered during planning of postoperative observation and care., (Crown Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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28. FLASHForward: plasma wakefield accelerator science for high-average-power applications.

Author

D'Arcy R, Aschikhin A, Bohlen S, Boyle G, Brümmer T, Chappell J, Diederichs S, Foster B, Garland MJ, Goldberg L, Gonzalez P, Karstensen S, Knetsch A, Kuang P, Libov V, Ludwig K, Martinez de la Ossa A, Marutzky F, Meisel M, Mehrling TJ, Niknejadi P, Põder K, Pourmoussavi P, Quast M, Röckemann JH, Schaper L, Schmidt B, Schröder S, Schwinkendorf JP, Sheeran B, Tauscher G, Wesch S, Wing M, Winkler P, Zeng M, and Osterhoff J

Abstract

The FLASHForward experimental facility is a high-performance test-bed for precision plasma wakefield research, aiming to accelerate high-quality electron beams to GeV-levels in a few centimetres of ionized gas. The plasma is created by ionizing gas in a gas cell either by a high-voltage discharge or a high-intensity laser pulse. The electrons to be accelerated will either be injected internally from the plasma background or externally from the FLASH superconducting RF front end. In both cases, the wakefield will be driven by electron beams provided by the FLASH gun and linac modules operating with a 10 Hz macro-pulse structure, generating 1.25 GeV, 1 nC electron bunches at up to 3 MHz micro-pulse repetition rates. At full capacity, this FLASH bunch-train structure corresponds to 30 kW of average power, orders of magnitude higher than drivers available to other state-of-the-art LWFA and PWFA experiments. This high-power functionality means FLASHForward is the only plasma wakefield facility in the world with the immediate capability to develop, explore and benchmark high-average-power plasma wakefield research essential for next-generation facilities. The operational parameters and technical highlights of the experiment are discussed, as well as the scientific goals and high-average-power outlook. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.

Published
2019
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29. Radiographic Predictors for Mechanical Failure After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study in 138 Patients.

Author

Hallager DW, Karstensen S, Bukhari N, Gehrchen M, and Dahl B

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Weights and Measures, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteotomy, Reoperation, Retrospective Studies, Spinal Curvatures physiopathology, Spinal Fusion, Treatment Failure, Young Adult, Spinal Curvatures diagnostic imaging, Spinal Curvatures surgery
Abstract

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study at a single institution., Objective: We aimed at estimating the rate of revision procedures and identify radiographic predictors of mechanical failure after adult spinal deformity surgery., Summary of Background Data: Mechanical failure rates after adult spinal deformity surgery range 12% to 37% in literature. Although the importance of spinal and spino-pelvic alignment is well documented for surgical outcome and ideal alignment has been proposed as sagittal vertical axis (SVA) < 5 cm, pelvic tilt < 20° and lumbar lordosis (LL) = pelvic incidence ± 9°, the role of radiographic sagittal spine parameters and alignment targets as predictors for mechanical failure remains uncertain., Methods: A consecutive cohort of adult spinal deformity patients who underwent corrective surgery with at least 5 levels of instrumentation between January 2008 and December 2012 at a single tertiary spine unit were followed for at least 2 years. Time to death or failure was recorded and cause-specific Cox regressions were applied to evaluate predictors for mechanical failure or death., Results: A total of 138 patients with median age of 61 years were included for analysis. Follow up ranged 2.1 to 6.8 years. In total 47% had revision and estimated failure rates were 16% at 1 year increasing to 56% at 5 years. A multivariate analysis adjusting for age at surgery showed increased hazard of failure from LL change > 30°, postoperative TK > 50°, and SS ≤30°. LL change was mostly because of 3-column osteotomy and ending the instrumentation at L5 or S1 increased the hazard of failure more than 6 fold compared with more cranial lumbar levels., Conclusion: Mechanical failure rate was 47% after adult spinal deformity corrective surgery. LL change > 30°, postoperative TK > 50°, and postoperative SS ≤30° were independent radiographic predictors associated with increased hazard of failure., Level of Evidence: 4.

Published
2017
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30. Morbidity and mortality of complex spine surgery: a prospective cohort study in 679 patients validating the Spine AdVerse Event Severity (SAVES) system in a European population.

Author

Karstensen S, Bari T, Gehrchen M, Street J, and Dahl B

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Europe, Female, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Complications mortality, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Neurosurgical Procedures adverse effects, Postoperative Complications pathology, Spine surgery, Trauma Severity Indices
Abstract

Background Context: Most literature on complications in spine surgery has been retrospective or based on national databases with few variables. The Spine AdVerse Events Severity (SAVES) system has been found reliable and valid in two Canadian centers, providing precise information regarding all adverse events (AEs)., Purpose: This study aimed to determine the mortality and examine the incidence of morbidity in patients undergoing complex spinal surgery, including pediatric patients, and to validate the SAVES system in a European population., Study Design: A prospective, consecutive cohort study was conducted using the SAVES version 2010 in the period from January 1, 2013 until December 31, 2013. A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients operated from November 1, 2011 until October 31, 2012 for comparison., Patient Sample: Patients undergoing spinal surgery at a tertiary referral center comprised the patient sample., Outcome Measures: Morbidity and mortality were determined according to the newest version of the SAVES system and compared with the Canadian cohort. Other outcomes were length of stay, readmission, unplanned second surgery during index admission, as well as wound infections requiring revision., Methods: All patients undergoing spinal surgery at an academic tertiary referral center in the study period were prospectively included. The newest version of SAVES system was used, and a research coordinator collected all intraoperative and perioperative data prospectively. Once a week all patients were reviewed for additional events, validation of the data, and clarification of any questions. Patients were grouped according to the type of admission (elective of emergency) and age, and subgrouped according to a major diagnostic group. The survival status was registered on January 31, 2014 to obtain 30-day survival., Results: A total of 679 consecutive cases were included with 100% data completion. The in-hospital mortality was 1.3% and the 30-day mortality was 2.7%; all occurring after emergency procedures. The number of intraoperative AEs was 162 (overall incidence 20%), and the number of postoperative AEs was 1,415 (overall incidence 77%). Of the patients, 2.2% had postoperative infections requiring surgical revision., Conclusions: A prospective registration improves AE recognition, and our data confirm the generalizability of the SAVES system to pediatric and non-Canadian populations., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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