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1. The Risks of Total Pancreatectomy and Splenic Islet Autotransplantation

Author: Steven A. White, Nicholas J. M. London, Paul R. V. Johnson, Joanne E. Davies, Cris Pollard, Harold H. Contractor, David P. Hughes, Gavin S. M. Robertson, Patrick P. Musto, and Ashley R. Dennison
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: The intraportal site is the most common site for islet transplantation. Many other sites have been tried experimentally, including the spleen, which has successfully lead to insulin independence in a number of animal models. Nevertheless, there are no detailed reports of total pancreatectomy and splenic islet autotransplantation in humans. Five patients underwent total pancreatectomy and splenic islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis. Four patients had a pylorus-preserving total pancreatectomy and one patient a duodenal-preserving pancreatectomy. In three cases islets were embolized into both the portal vein and spleen. Two patients received splenic islet transplants alone. Islets were transplanted by retrograde venous infusion via the short gastric veins (n = 3), splenic vein stump (n = 1), and the left gastroepiploic vein (n = 1). The total volumes of transplanted pancreatic digest in those receiving combined intraportal and splenic autografts (n = 3) were 15.8, 13.0, and 13.5 ml. The volumes in those receiving a splenic-alone autograft (n = 2) were 12.0 and 5 ml. The mean rise in portal pressure was 18 cm of water. Complications related to the splenic autograft included a wedge splenic infarct, an emergency splenectomy, and a portal vein thrombosis in one patient having a combined intraportal and splenic autograft. Two patients developed insulin independence, two patients were still insulin independent at 1-year follow-up, and all had normal HbA1c levels (mean 5.6, range 5.2–6.3). Splenic islet autotransplantation, after total pancreatectomy, does lead to insulin independence. However, in our experience the combined procedure has a high morbidity because of splenic infarction and venous thrombosis.
Published: 2000
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2. The Effect of UW Solution and Its Components on the Collagenase Digestion of Human and Porcine Pancreas

Author: Harold H. Contractor, Paul R. V. Johnson, David R. Chadwick, Gavin S. M. Robertson, and Nicholas J. M. London
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: University of Wisconsin (UW) solution is used extensively as a cold storage solution during the procurement and transport of the pancreas prior to islet isolation. However, it has been observed that UW inhibits the collagenase digestion phase of human but not porcine islet isolation, resulting in poor islet yields and islets of poor viability. The aim of this study was, therefore, to confirm this species difference and to determine which components of UW are responsible for the inhibition in the human. In the initial experiment, blocks of human and porcine pancreas (n = 7) were incubated in test tubes containing collagenase at a concentration of 4 mg/mL at 37°C dissolved in 4 mL of either Hanks' solution or UW. Every 5 min the tubes were manually shaken and the degree of tissue dissociation scored on a scale of + and +++. Our results confirm the inhibition of collagenase digestion in the human but not the pig. Using the same methodology, we then investigated the components of UW that were causing the observed inhibition in the human pancreas (n = 7). This time the collagenase was dissolved in individual or combinations of UW components. Using Hank's as a control, the results were then expressed as a median ratio. The components found to be most inhibitory were magnesium, the Na+/K+ ratio, hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and adenosine. Allopurinol in combination with either lactobionate or glutathione was markedly inhibitory (i.e., median ratio 1.8 and 1.9, respectively). The most inhibitory solution tested was a combination of the three components raffinose, glutathione, and lactobionate (median ratio 2.1). This combination was almost as inhibitory as UW itself (median ratio 2.7). These findings are essential for the development of effective cold-storage solutions for the human pancreas that do not inhibit the subsequent collagenase digestion phase of islet isolation.
Published: 1995
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3. Financial Analysis of Halophyte Cultivation in a Desert Environment Using Different Saline Water Resources for Irrigation

Author: Javier Mateo-Sagasta, Dionysia Angeliki Lyra, S. Ismail, S. M. Robertson, and M. J. U. Akhtar
Subjects: Irrigation, biology, business.industry, Integrated farming, Salicornia bigelovii, biology.organism_classification, Salinity, Agronomy, Aquaculture, Brining, Environmental science, business, Sporobolus virginicus, Distichlis spicata
Abstract: Increase in salinity levels poses a threat to many hot and arid farming areas in the Middle East and North Africa region. In some cases, farmers install desalination units to produce freshwater to irrigate high-value crops. However, the produced reject brine is an environmental hazard since it is disposed off in the soil creating a vicious circle of salinity aggravation. The current work focuses on the financial aspect of using the reject brine, generated from reverse osmosis (RO) unit, to grow fish (Sparidentex hasta, sobaity sea bream) and halophytic species (Salicornia bigelovii, Distichlis spicata, and Sporobolus virginicus) for various uses in an integrated farming approach. Different water treatments (RO brine, RO brine mixed with groundwater, aquabrine, and aquabrine mixed with groundwater) were tested to evaluate their impact on halophytes’ growth and production. Irrigating with RO brine resulted in positive net returns for S. bigelovii, directed for fresh tips’ production, as well as for the grasses D. spicata and S. virginicus. However, more returns were obtained when RO brine passed through the aquaculture system where it got enriched with more nutrients due to fish waste. Irrigation with brine from the aquaculture system tripled S. bigelovii production (23.7 t/ha) and increased returns per ha of approximately US $76,000 over irrigating with RO brine directly, compared to the US $5571 and the US $1884 for D. spicata and S. virginicus, respectively. Halophytic crops constitute one of the very few sustainable options to improve food and nutrition security in salt-affected regions, contributing in lands’ rehabilitation and enhancing farming livelihood income. Halophytes also constitute an imperative component to consider for nutrient-dense production systems such as integrated agri-aquaculture systems (IAAS) implemented in desert environments, and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were explored through a SWOT analysis.
Published: 2019
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4. Affective symptoms and change in diabetes self-efficacy and glycaemic control

Author: J. A. Cully, Aanand D. Naik, S. M. Robertson, A. B. Amspoker, and E. L. Ross
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Activities of daily living, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Psychological intervention, Context (language use), Anxiety, Article, Endocrinology, Patient Education as Topic, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Activities of Daily Living, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Affective Symptoms, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Glycated Hemoglobin, Self-efficacy, Depression, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Self Efficacy, Self Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Baseline characteristics, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Stress, Psychological, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Aims To examine the role of baseline depression, anxiety and stress symptoms on post-intervention diabetes self-efficacy and glycaemic control (HbA1c). Methods The current study analysed data from patients (n = 85) with treated but uncontrolled Type 2 diabetes who participated in a comparative effectiveness study of two diabetes self-management interventions. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine the relationships between baseline affective symptoms and post-intervention diabetes self-efficacy and the moderating effects of baseline affective symptoms on the relationship between changes in diabetes self-efficacy and post-intervention HbA1c. Results Baseline depression was inversely associated with post-intervention diabetes self-efficacy (P = 0.0001) after adjusting for baseline characteristics including diabetes self-efficacy. In contrast, normal–mild levels of stress were associated with higher post-intervention diabetes self-efficacy (P = 0.04). Anxiety and stress symptoms significantly and independently moderated the relationship between changes in diabetes self-efficacy and post-intervention HbA1c (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). Further evaluation of these interactions demonstrated that changes in diabetes self-efficacy were associated with lower post-intervention HbA1c, but only among those with higher baseline affective symptoms. Conclusions We found a moderating effect across affective symptoms on the relationship between diabetes self-efficacy changes and post-intervention HbA1c in the context of a self-management intervention. Results suggest that patients with poorly controlled diabetes who have higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms may derive greater benefits from self-management interventions known to improve diabetes self-efficacy.
Published: 2013
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5. Shelter type and birth number influence the birth and death sites of lambs and ewe movement around lambing time

Author: J C, Broster, R L, Dehaan, D L, Swain, S M, Robertson, B J, King, and M A, Friend
Subjects: Sheep, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Litter Size, Movement, Australia, Parturition, Animals, Female, Housing, Animal
Abstract: A significant number of lambs born each yr in Australia die within 72 h of birth. Periods of high wind, combined with rain and low temperatures, can lead to marked increases in the level of mortality. Under these weather conditions mortality levels may be reduced with the provision of shelter, provided it is utilized by lambs. This study used GPS collars to determine the use of shelter by ewes and lambs, to compare the movement of ewes with twin lambs across 2 types of shelter (hedgerows and shrubs), while also comparing ewes with single and twin lambs in a single shelter type (hedgerows). Additionally, the birth sites of 364 lambs and death sites of 252 lambs were recorded across the 3 shelter type and litter size combinations (Twins in shrubs, Twins in hedgerows, Singles in hedgerows) plus an unsheltered group (Singles in unsheltered). A higher (P0.001) than randomly expected percentage of ewes lambed in the areas closest to both shelter types; in the shrub shelter 42% of ewes lambed within 2.5 m of shrub rows compared to an expected 11% based on the proportion of the paddock this area constituted. Despite the higher than expected percentage of ewes lambing close to the shelter rows, ewes in both twin lamb shelter types avoided the areas close to the shelter before and after lambing (Hedgerows-2.5 m; Shrubs- 6.25 m) and single bearing ewes showed no preference for or against these areas. With a high proportion of twin bearing ewes lambing close to the shelter, a design that reduces the potential for ewe and offspring separation while providing good shelter will offer the greatest potential reduction in newborn twin lamb mortality arising from exposure.
Published: 2017

6. Evaluation of nurse-led discharge following laparoscopic surgery

Author: Christopher D. Sutton, Christopher P. Neal, David M. Lloyd, Lisa Graham, Gavin S. M. Robertson, and Giuseppe Garcea
Subjects: Laparoscopic surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Health Policy, medicine.medical_treatment, General surgery, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Surgery, Inguinal hernia, Short stay, medicine, Cholecystectomy, Hernia, Young adult, business, Laparoscopy
Abstract: Introduction The United Kingdom’s Department of Health has identified reducing delays in patient discharge as a key aim for Health Service development. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair may be safely performed on a short stay basis, but day case rates remain low, with delays in discharge identified as a major contributing factor. Nurse-led discharge has been widely advocated to speed patient discharge across varied specialities, but objective evidence to support its use is lacking. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of nurse-led discharge following laparoscopic surgery. Methods A retrospective comparison of doctor-led and nurse-led discharge following laparoscopic surgery was performed by analysis of two consecutive 4-month periods, prior to and following the introduction of nurse-led discharge by a laparoscopic nurse specialist. Outcomes assessed included time to discharge, reasons for delayed discharge, hospital readmissions and primary care episodes following discharge. Results A total of 128 patients were included in the study, with each discharge group containing 64 patients. Patients in the nurse-led discharge group were significantly more likely to be discharged on the day of surgery than patients in the doctor-led discharge group (17.2% vs. 4.7%; P = 0.023), with a highly significant difference in same day discharge rates noted among patients operated on during morning theatre lists (44.0% vs. 10.7%; P = 0.006). There was no significant difference between the discharge groups in readmission rates or in the number of patients seeking primary care attention following discharge. Conclusions Nurse-led discharge may speed discharge following laparoscopic surgery with no apparent detriment to patient care.
Published: 2010
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7. Microwave ablation for unresectable hepatic tumours: Clinical results using a novel microwave probe and generator

Author: B. Morgan, Neil Bhardwaj, Andrew D. Strickland, David M. Lloyd, Mosheir Elabassy, Fateh Ahmad, and Gavin S. M. Robertson
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Cryotherapy, Diathermy, medicine, Humans, Microwaves, Survival rate, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence, Liver Neoplasms, Microwave ablation, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Liver tumours, Middle Aged, Ablation, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, United Kingdom, Surgery, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Female, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background Microwave ablation is an in situ method of tumour destruction used to treat patients with unresectable liver tumours. A new microwave generator and probe, designed to deliver high energy into solid tumours quickly has been developed at our institution. We report the results of its use in patients with unresectable liver tumours treated by a single surgeon in a single institution. Methods Thirty-one patients with 89 unresectable liver tumours were recruited into the study and underwent microwave ablation in a single procedure. Results There were no post-operative complications. At a median of 24 months post ablation, 15 patients were alive with 7 patients disease free. At a median of 26 months, 8 patients were alive with tumour recurrence but only 1 with local recurrence. The remaining 7 patients with recurrence were found to have new disease at locations remote from the ablation site. Fourteen patients died of disease progression at a median survival of 15 months, with only 1 patient with local and remote tumour recurrence. Of the total numbers of tumours treated (n = 89), a local tumour recurrence rate of 2% was observed. Overall median survival was 29 months with 3 year survival of 40%. Discussion Microwave tissue ablation using this novel generator and probe has a low local recurrence and complication rate. Overall survival is comparable to alternative ablation modalities and its ability to treat, even large tumours, with a single insertion of the probe makes it an extremely attractive treatment option.
Published: 2010
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8. Surgical treatment of combined hepatic and pulmonary colorectal cancer metastases

Author: A.R. Dennison, Apostolos Nakas, David A. Waller, Gavin S. M. Robertson, C. J. Pattenden, Antonio E. Martin-Ucar, Adam D. Barlow, David P. Berry, and David M. Lloyd
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Colorectal cancer, medicine.medical_treatment, Disease, Statistics, Nonparametric, medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Pneumonectomy, Surgical treatment, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Chemotherapy, Lung, Surgical approach, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, General Medicine, Perioperative, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, Female, Metastasectomy, Colorectal Neoplasms, business
Abstract: Aims Surgical resection of combined hepatic and pulmonary metastases remains controversial in light of limited supportive evidence. This study aimed to audit our initial experience with this aggressive surgical strategy. Methods Between 1997 and 2006 we assessed 19 patients with colorectal cancer metastases for combined liver and lung metastasectomy, of whom 16 patients underwent surgery. We retrospectively reviewed perioperative and survival data. Results Synchronous liver metastases were present in three out of 16 patients at time of diagnosis of the primary tumour, and one out of 16 patients had synchronous lung and liver metastases with the primary tumour. Of those 12 patients who developed metachronous metastases five patients developed liver metastases first, one patient developed pulmonary metastases first, and six patients developed synchronous liver and lung metastases. Thirty nine operations were performed on 16 patients. The median hospital stay was 5.5 (2–10) days for the pulmonary and 7 (1–23) days for the hepatic resections. There were no in-hospital deaths. Chemotherapy was given to five patients prior to metastasectomy and nine received adjuvant chemotherapy following metastasectomy. Median survival from diagnosis of metastatic disease was 44 months (8–87 months). Estimated 1-year survival from diagnosis of metastatic disease was 94%, estimated 5-year survival was 20%. Conclusion We believe an aggressive but selective surgical approach to combined hepatic and pulmonary colorectal metastases is justified by limited resource requirements and encouraging survival.
Published: 2009
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9. Lessons from Laparoscopic Liver Surgery: A Nine-Year Case Series

Author: David M. Lloyd, Andrew D. Strickland, Elisabeth J. Elsey, Matthew S. Metcalfe, Gavin S. M. Robertson, and Laura Spencer
Subjects: Liver surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, Hepatology, business.industry, Microwave ablation, lcsh:Surgery, Mean age, lcsh:RD1-811, Right hemihepatectomy, Surgery, Resection, Blood loss, Clinical Study, Medicine, lcsh:Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, Local disease, lcsh:RC799-869, business, Hospital stay
Abstract: Objective. This series describes a developing experience in laparoscopic liver surgery presenting results from 40 procedures including right hemihepatectomy, left lateral lobectomy, and microwave ablation therapy. Methods. Forty patients undergoing laparoscopic liver surgery between September 1997 and November 2006 were included. The data set includes: operative procedure and duration, intraoperative blood loss, conversion to open operation rates, length of hospital stay, complications, mortality, histology of lesions/resection margins, and disease recurrence. Results. Mean age of patient: 59 years, 17/40 male, 23/40 female, 23/40 of lesions were benign, and 17/40 malignant. Operations included: laparoscopic anatomical resections n=15, nonanatomical resections n=11, microwave ablations n=8 and deroofing of cysts n=7. Median anaesthetic time: 120 minutes (range 40–240), mean blood loss 78 mL and 1/40 conversions to open. Median resection margins were 10 mm (range 1–14) and median length of stay 3 days (range 1–10). Operative and 30-day mortality were zero with no local disease recurrence. Conclusion. Laparoscopic liver surgery appears safe and effective and is associated with reduced hospital stay. Larger studies are required to confirm it is oncologically sound.
Published: 2008
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10. Comparison of University of Wisconsin and ET-Kyoto Preservation Solutions for the Cryopreservation of Primary Human Hepatocytes

Author: T. Nakamura, B. Thava, J. Bikchandani, A.R. Dennison, M'Balu A. Webb, David M. Lloyd, David P. Berry, Gavin S. M. Robertson, H. Wada, and Severine Illouz
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adenosine, Cryoprotectant, Cell Survival, Allopurinol, Organ Preservation Solutions, Cell Culture Techniques, Gluconates, Cryopreservation, Phosphates, law.invention, Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives, Andrology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Raffinose, law, Hepatectomy, Humans, Insulin, Medicine, Viaspan, Viability assay, Aged, Transplantation, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, Bioartificial liver device, Trehalose, Middle Aged, Glutathione, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Hepatocyte, Hepatocytes, Female, Surgery, Tissue Preservation, business
Abstract: Primary human hepatocytes are clinically used for transplantation or in bioartificial liver devices for the treatment of patients with liver failure. We aimed to assess whether an organ preservation solution containing trehalose, namely ET-Kyoto solution (ETK), could improve human liver cell viability when used for cryopreservation in comparison to the University of Wisconsin solution (UW). Our study showed beneficial effects of ETK when used in combination with other cryoprotectants on the viability of thawed hepatocytes. Indeed, no significant difference was seen between the viability of freshly isolated cells and cryopreserved cells when cryopreserved with ETK combined with other cryoprotectants. In contrast, a significant decrease of viability was observed in cells cryopreserved with UW or ETK combined with dimethysulfoxide (DMSO) only, or with UW combined with other cryoprotectants, compared to freshly isolated cells. No significant difference was observed between the four different groups of cryopreserved hepatocytes with regards to cell recovery rate or cell attachment after thawing. However, a significant decrease in cell metabolic activity was found in cells cryopreserved with UW 10% DMSO compared to the other groups. In conclusion, our study confirms the beneficial effect of ETK for the cryopreservation of human hepatocytes in combination with other cryoprotective agents.
Published: 2008
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11. Laparoscopic repair of direct inguinal hernia: a new technique that reduces the development of postoperative seroma

Author: V. M. Reddy, L. Bloxham, S. S. Ubhi, Christopher D. Sutton, Giuseppe Garcea, and Gavin S. M. Robertson
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Hernia, Inguinal, Fasciotomy, medicine, Humans, Hernia, Prospective Studies, Direct Inguinal Hernia, Laparoscopy, Aged, Pubic Bone, Aged, 80 and over, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General surgery, Abdominal Wall, Suture Techniques, Fascia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, body regions, Inguinal hernia, Seroma, Treatment Outcome, surgical procedures, operative, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies, Abdominal surgery
Abstract: Seroma are common early postoperative complications encountered in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Previous anecdotal evidence from our surgical practice suggested a lower incidence of postoperative seroma formation with direct hernia repairs when the lax transversalis fascia (TF) is inverted by tacking to the pubic ramus. We undertook a study to investigate whether TF inversion in this way reduces the incidence of postoperative seroma.A total of 216 patients undergoing transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs from August 2003 to December 2005 were included in this prospective non-randomised controlled study. Surgeon 1 would routinely invert the TF whereas surgeon 2 would not. At follow-up the presence of postoperative seroma and pain was recorded.Mann-Whitney U test demonstrated no significant difference in terms of age, sex and time to follow-up between the surgeons' patient groups (P0.05), and Chi-square test demonstrated significantly that inversion of the TF is associated with a lower incidence of postoperative seroma (P0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of postoperative pain at follow-up.Inversion of the TF is associated with a statistically lower incidence of postoperative seroma, without increasing postoperative pain despite the use of one or two additional tacks.
Published: 2007
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12. An Algorithm for the Management of Bile Leak Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Author: G M Lloyd, R N Saunders, Gavin S. M. Robertson, Fateh Ahmad, and David M. Lloyd
Subjects: Adult, Male, Gastrointestinal, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Gallstones, Biliary Stenting, Postoperative Complications, Clinical Protocols, Laparotomy, Bile, Humans, Medicine, Empyema, Laparoscopy, Bile leak, Aged, Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde, Postoperative Care, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General surgery, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic, Pancreatitis, Drainage, Female, Cholecystectomy, business, Algorithms
Abstract: INTRODUCTION The management of bile leaks following laparoscopic cholecystectomy has evolved with increased experience of ERCP and laparoscopy. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a minimally invasive management protocol. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with a bile leak following laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recorded consecutively between 1993 and 2003. Between 1993–1998, 10 patients were managed on a case-by-case basis. Between 1998–2003, 14 patients were managed according to a minimally invasive protocol utilising ERC/biliary stenting and re-laparoscopy if indicated. RESULTS Bile leaks presented as bile in a drain left in situ post laparoscopic cholecystectomy (8/10 versus 10/14) or biliary peritonitis (2/10 versus 4/14). Prior to 1998, neither ERC nor laparoscopy were utilised routinely. During this period, 4/10 patients recovered with conservative management and 6/10 (60%) underwent laparotomy. There was one postoperative death and median hospital stay post laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 10 days (range, 5–30 days). In the protocol era, ERC ± stenting was performed in 11/14 (P = 0.01 versus pre-protocol) with the main indication being a persistent bile leak. Re-laparoscopy was necessary in 5/14 (P = 0.05 versus preprotocol). No laparotomies were performed (P < 0.01 versus pre-protocol) and there were no postoperative deaths. Median hospital stay was 11 days (range, 5–55 days). CONCLUSIONS The introduction of a minimally invasive protocol utilising ERC and re-laparoscopy offers an effective modern algorithm for the management of bile leaks after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Published: 2007
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13. Social and Emotional Impacts of Farmwork Injuries: An Exploratory Study

Author: Dennis J. Murphy, Lisa A Davis, and S. M. Robertson
Subjects: Adult, Male, Next of kin, Poison control, Context (language use), Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Interviews as Topic, Social support, Nursing, Adaptation, Psychological, Injury prevention, Accidents, Occupational, Humans, Medicine, Aged, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Social Support, Agriculture, Middle Aged, Pennsylvania, Religion, Wounds and Injuries, Female, Thematic analysis, business, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Context: The physical hazards of farming have been extensively studied and reported upon. Far less studied are the social and emotional impacts of farmwork injuries and deaths. Purpose: To investigate and document broad but targeted issues regarding the impact on individuals, families, and communities of farmwork injuries and fatalities of farmer leaders. Methods: Ten incidents of farmwork injuries with disabilities or fatalities in Pennsylvania were used for a collective case study. Data were collected through a total of 47 interview sessions with 66 individuals including next of kin, other family members, injured persons, and community members. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes and issues in this descriptive study. Findings: Community members missed the rich, broad, and comprehensive skills, abilities, and perspectives that farmers brought to community service. Participants expressed that the community assistance and support provided to injured persons and families benefited not only the injured persons and their families and farms but also the community members. Participants reported emotional anguish and loss as well as positive transformations and consequences. As expressed by participants, God and religion play an important role in their beliefs regarding the occurrence and outcome of farmwork injury incidents. Conclusions: Social and emotional impacts on individuals, families, and communities are varied and multileveled. The role that religion and storytelling play in the process of dealing with serious injury incidents raises questions regarding agricultural injury prevention.
Published: 2006
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14. Electrolytic ablation as an adjunct to liver resection: Safety and efficacy in patients

Author: Gavin S. M. Robertson, Ashley R. Dennison, Pauline de la M. Hall, Guy J. Maddern, Simon A. Wemyss-Holden, and David P. Berry
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Catheter ablation, General Medicine, Ablation, Surgery, Resection, Clinical trial, Medicine, Experimental work, In patient, Hepatectomy, business, Prospective cohort study
Abstract: Background: Electrolytic ablation is a relatively new method for the local destruction of colorectal liver metastases. Experimental work in animal models has shown this method to be safe and efficacious. However, before proceeding to clinical trials it was necessary to confirm these findings in a pilot study of five patients. Methods: Five patients with colorectal liver metastases were studied prospectively. Each patient underwent a potentially curative liver resection. One of the metastases to be removed was treated using electrolysis before resection. Each patient was monitored closely during and after electrolysis to determine any morbidity associated with the treatment. Once resected, the metastases were examined histologically for completeness of ablation. Results: All patients tolerated the electrolysis well; there were no deaths or complications related to the treatment. Histological examination of the resected metastases which had been treated electrolytically showed complete tissue destruction with no viable malignant cells remaining at the site of treatment. Discussion: This pilot study of electrolytic ablation of liver metastases in five patients showed the treatment to be well tolerated and safe. Additionally, it demonstrated total destruction of the malignant tissue at the site of electrolysis. Based on these encouraging results, clinical trials can now begin.
Published: 2002
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15. Experimental study of large-volume microwave ablation in the liver

Author: Gavin S. M. Robertson, M Festing, Nigel Cronin, Peter Clegg, David M. Lloyd, Kevin West, Benjamin Swift, and Andrew D. Strickland
Subjects: Analysis of Variance, Swine, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Microwave ablation, Large white, Ablation, Lesion, Liver, Liver tissue, Catheter Ablation, medicine, Small Lesion, Animals, Female, Surgery, medicine.symptom, Microwave coagulation therapy, Microwaves, Nuclear medicine, business, Microwave
Abstract: Background Microwave coagulation therapy is useful in the destruction of small, irresectable liver tumours of primary and secondary origin. Unfortunately, the small lesion size produced by currently available equipment makes it difficult and time consuming completely to ablate lesions larger than 3 cm in diameter. A microwave system capable of producing large-volume ablations in very short periods of time has been developed. Using a large-animal model the ability of the equipment to produce large-volume lesions in a safe, predictable and dose-dependent manner was tested. Methods Fourteen large white pigs were anaesthetized and underwent multiple microwave treatments. The animals were killed at different timepoints to investigate lesion size and evolution. Results The microwave system was able to generate large-volume ablations of up to 6·5 cm in diameter in a controlled and dose-dependent manner. Conclusion This novel microwave system allows the ablation of large volumes of liver tissue in a short period of time. The ability to produce lesions reproducibly and safely highlights the potential of this system in the future treatment of irresectable liver tumours.
Published: 2002
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16. Electrochemical Lesions in the Rat Liver Support Its Potential for Treatment of Liver Tumors

Author: Pauline de la M. Hall, Gavin S. M. Robertson, Simon A. Wemyss-Holden, John C. Fothergill, Ashley R. Dennison, Guy J. Maddern, and B. Jones
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Necrosis, business.industry, Histology, Electrolysis, Rats, Liver Neoplasms, Experimental, Coagulative necrosis, Liver, Fibrous scar, Rat liver, medicine, Animals, Surgery, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Rats, Wistar, medicine.symptom, business, Complication, After treatment
Abstract: Background. An effective therapy is needed for patients with surgically unresectable liver tumors who have very limited life expectancy. One possible treatment is electrochemical tumor necrosis. This study investigated the natural history of electrochemical lesions in the normal rat liver. Materials and methods. A direct current generator, connected to platinum electrodes, was used to create controlled areas of liver necrosis. Animals were sacrificed 2 days, 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months after treatment and the macroscopic and histological appearance of the necrotic lesions was followed. Results. No animal died as a result of electrolysis; postoperatively, all gained weight normally. Liver enzymes were significantly (P < 0.001) elevated after treatment, but returned to normal after a week. Two days after electrolysis, histology confirmed an ellipsoidal area of coagulative necrosis at the site of the electrode tip and commonly a segment of peripheral necrosis. After 2 weeks there was histological evidence of healing. By 6 months, very little necrotic tissue remained within a small fibrous scar. Conclusions. Electrolysis is a safe method for creating defined areas of liver necrosis that heal well with no associated mortality. This study supports the potential of electrolysis for treating patients with unresectable liver tumors.
Published: 2000
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17. The Safety Of Electrolytically Induced Hepatic Necrosis In A Pig Model

Author: Paula S. Vanderzon, Pauline de la M. Hall, Simon A. Wemyss-Holden, Guy J. Maddern, Ashley R. Dennison, and Gavin S. M. Robertson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Necrosis, business.industry, Ultrasound, Autopsy, Venous blood, Inferior vena cava, Vascular occlusion, Surgery, Lesion, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine.vein, medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Vein
Abstract: Background: Electrolysis fulfils the criteria for an ideal treatment of patients with unresectable liver tumours. Previous studies in the rat and pig have shown that controlled necrosis can be safely produced by inserting platinum electrodes into normal liver parenchyma and liver tumours. As with any new treatment it is mandatory to investigate the ‘worst-case scenario’ of inadvertent intra-vascular electrode placement in a large animal model before progressing to clinical trials. Methods: Under ultrasound control in six pigs, electrodes were inserted into, or immediately adjacent to, an hepatic vein. An electrolytic ‘dose’ of 100 C was then administered and the evolution of the lesion was monitored using ultrasound. Venous blood was collected before and during the electrolysis to evaluate potential acid/base disturbances and animals were closely monitored during electrolysis and during their recovery until a full autopsy was performed 4–7 days after treatment. Results: Gas bubbles were seen to enter the hepatic veins or inferior vena cava during treatment in five of the six animals. There were no major complications as a consequence and all animals recovered and remained in a healthy state until they were killed. At autopsy one animal had complete thrombotic occlusion of the left hepatic vein. Otherwise, findings were normal. Conclusion: In the clinical setting, due to the use of ultrasound to guide electrode placement into the centre of a tumour, the electrodes should rarely juxtapose an hepatic vein. Nevertheless, in this extreme situation, electrolysis is surprisingly safe with only one major vascular occlusion and no morbidity or mortality.
Published: 2000
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18. A new treatment for unresectable liver tumours: long-term studies of electrolytic lesions in the pig liver

Author: Guy J. Maddern, Paula S. Vanderzon, Simon A. Wemyss-Holden, Gavin S. M. Robertson, Ashley R. Dennison, and Pauline de la M. Hall
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Necrosis, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, General Medicine, Liver tumours, medicine.disease, Electrocoagulation, Surgery, Clinical trial, Lesion, Full recovery, Hepatocellular carcinoma, medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Pig liver
Abstract: The majority of liver tumours are inoperable and an alternative treatment to surgical resection is urgently needed. Electrolysis has been investigated in a rat model and the procedure is safe, with accurate and predictable effects. The necrosis produced has also been shown to cause destruction of tumour deposits in the rat liver. A similar evaluation in a large animal model was necessary before clinical trials could commence. Using platinum electrodes connected to a d.c. generator, areas of hepatic necrosis were created in the pig liver. Animals were killed at various time points after treatment to assess the extent of healing. Treatment was uneventful and all animals made a full recovery. No animal died from the treatment or had to be killed prematurely. After 2 days of treatment, healing was minimal but at successive time points there was progressive evidence of healing, such that after 4 months, the original electrolytic lesion was greatly reduced in size and the large area of necrosis seen at the early time points was largely replaced by a fibrous scar with only small islands of necrotic tissue. In a large animal model, electrolysis is a safe method for creating areas of hepatic necrosis. The lesions heal with time and are associated with minimal morbidity. The results support a trial of electrolysis in patients with unresectable liver tumours.
Published: 2000
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19. Experimental study of electrolysis-induced hepatic necrosis

Author: Simon A. Wemyss-Holden, Guy J. Maddern, P. S. Baxter, Gavin S. M. Robertson, P. De La M. Hall, and Ashley R. Dennison
Subjects: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Necrosis, Urology, Electrolysis, law.invention, Lesion, Liver necrosis, law, Liver enzyme, medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, biology, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, Hepatic necrosis, medicine.disease, Rats, Liver, Alanine transaminase, Hepatocellular carcinoma, biology.protein, Surgery, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background One of the most promising but unexplored methods for treating patients with irresectable liver tumours is electrolysis. This study examined the effect of increasing ‘current dose’ on the volume of the lesion induced in normal rat liver. Methods A direct current generator, connected to platinum electrodes implanted in the rat liver, was used to examine the effect of (1) varying current doses from 1 to 5 coulombs and (2) electrode separation (2 or 20 mm), on the volume of liver necrosis. Results There was a significant correlation (P < 0·001) between the current dose and the volume of necrosis produced for each electrode separation. Placing the electrodes 2 mm apart resulted in smaller total volumes of necrosis than placing them 20 mm apart when anode lesions were significantly larger than cathode lesions (P < 0·05). Liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) were significantly raised 1 day after treatment (P < 0·001) and predicted the total volume of hepatic necrosis (P < 0·001). Conclusion Predictable and reproducible areas of liver necrosis are produced with electrolysis. If these results extrapolate to larger animal models, this technique has potential for patients with irresectable primary and secondary liver tumours.
Published: 1998
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20. A COMPARISON OF THE USE OF TWO IMMUNOMAGNETIC MICROSPHERES FOR SECONDARY PURIFICATION OF PANCREATIC ISLETS1

Author: K. Ulrichs, S. Winoto-Morbach, R. F. L. James, Gavin S. M. Robertson, and J. E. Davies
Subjects: Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chromatography, biology, medicine.drug_class, Pancreatic islets, Lectin, Islet, Monoclonal antibody, Microsphere, Dynabeads, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, medicine, biology.protein, Collagenase, Antibody, medicine.drug
Abstract: Immunomagnetic cell separation has been shown to be a highly attractive alternative to density-dependent methods for islet purification. There are two types of beads, magnetic inducible microspheres (MIMS) and Dynabeads, in this context. The aim of this study was to compare the two beads and ligands using the same method of purification. Two batches of collagenase were used. Using either monoclonal antibodies or lectins with a specificity for rat acinar tissue, the beads were used to immunomagnetically label pancreatic digest before magnetic separation. The results showed that both MIMS coated with a lectin and Dynabeads coated with an antibody removed 80% of the acinar contamination with a 70% islet yield. However, the MIMS were significantly less effective with the second enzyme, which produced larger acinar particles. In this study, although the MIMS produced the least nonspecific islet trapping, the Dynabeads coated with Leicester Department of Surgery no. 10 antibody were found to be the most efficient particle for immunomagnetic islet purification.
Published: 1996
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21. Long-term results of unilateral neck exploration for preoperatively localized nonfamilial parathyroid adenomas

Author: Amman Bolia, Paul R.V. Johnson, Peter R.F. Bell, S. Javed Iqbal, and Gavin S. M. Robertson
Subjects: Adenoma, Male, Reoperation, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypercalcaemia, Neck exploration, medicine, Humans, Anesthesia, Hyperparathyroidism, Chi-Square Distribution, Hyperplasia, business.industry, Organ Size, General Medicine, Long term results, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Parathyroid Neoplasms, Treatment Outcome, Female, business, Chi-squared distribution, Neck, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background Unilateral neck exploration for sporadic parathyroid adenomas remains a contentious policy. The morbidity is lower than for bilateral surgery, but the long-term outcome may be inferior. Methods The results of a policy of unilateral neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism based on preoperative localization are reviewed. Results Over a 10-year period, 89 patients were operated on, 57 undergoing unilateral neck exploration. Unilateral neck exploration significantly reduced operative time ( P P = 0.021). Over a mean biochemical follow-up of 38 months, recurrent hypercalcaemia occurred in 6% of patients, including 3.5% of those undergoing unilateral neck exploration, an additional 10% of patients were normocalcaemic with an inappropriately elevated parathormone level. Conclusions A policy of unilateral neck exploration can achieve comparable long-term results to more extensive bilateral surgery.
Published: 1996
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22. Measurement of the total photon proton cross section and its decomposition at 200 GeV centre of mass energy

Author: C. Cormack, G. G. Winter, C. Vallée, J. Martens, P. Steffen, R. D. Appuhn, F. Kole, K. Rüter, U. Stößlein, C. Niebuhr, J. H. Köhne, D. Zarbock, H. P. Wellisch, R. Nahnhauer, D. Goldner, Max Weber, E. Malinovski, E. Barrelet, David Cussans, P. Goritchev, B. Laforge, Y. Soloviev, T. Carli, M. Kuhlen, G. Grindhammer, Paul Newman, V. L. Hudgson, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, K. Rosenbauer, C. Wittek, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, Dusan Bruncko, K. Rybicki, D. Neyret, L. Büngener, H. Krehbiel, A. Pieuchot, T. Mavroidis, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, H. Genzel, A. Lebedev, M. Korn, S. Egli, Christoph Grab, G. Thompson, W. Bartel, I. Herynek, K. Daum, G. Knies, T. Greenshaw, P. Bispham, J. Haack, Stephen Maxfield, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, U. Bassler, M. Charlet, G. Buschhorn, G. Bertrand-Coremans, R. Starosta, D. Ozerov, D. Düllmann, Rosario Martín, R. J. Ellison, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, K. C. Hoeger, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, H. Itterbeck, Wolfgang Lange, P. Van Mechelen, B. Waugh, G. Weber, H. Henschel, F. W. Büsser, F. Zomer, U. Straumann, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, J. Stiewe, P. Van Esch, E. Evrard, Eram Rizvi, L. Del Buono, L. Criegee, Grzegorz Nowak, W. Braunschweig, C. Jacobsson, A. Gellrich, V. Riech, F. Sefkow, J. P. Sutton, Claus Kleinwort, V. Andreev, G. Heinzelmann, D. Kant, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, M. Fleischer, P. Ribarics, T. Jansen, R. Felst, J. Formánek, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, S. Schiek, S. Tapprogge, H. Spitzer, Armen Vartapetian, M. Hapke, R. Sell, Benno List, J. Gayler, I. R. Kenyon, S. Kazarian, G. Villet, Barbara Clerbaux, R. Kaschowitz, Pierre Marage, E. Mroczko, M. Gebauer, B. Delcourt, D. Vandenplas, H. Küster, F. Brasse, V. Korbel, W.D. Dau, D. Lüke, A. Wegner, N. Gogitidze, H. Rick, J. B. Dainton, U. Siewert, F. Lamarche, A. Rostovtsev, A. Droutskoi, G. Rädel, C. Leverenz, J. Garvey, O. Hamon, S. Levonian, J. Zsembery, J. M. Link, E. Panaro, J. Kurzhöfer, H. Ehrlichmann, E. Wünsch, V. Solochenko, M. Zimmer, A. M. Fomenko, J. D. Dowell, Dave Sankey, M. Wagener, Roland Horisberger, A. Valkárová, U. Kathage, Vincent Boudry, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, A. Meyer, Ph. Huet, V. Brisson, Yves Sirois, Jean-Francois Laporte, V. Nagovizin, G. D. Patel, P. Loch, S. Riess, Ch. Pichler, K. Gabathuler, A. Buniatian, Jean-Arcady Meyer, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, R. Gerhards, M. J. Burton, J. Lipinski, R. Bernet, K. Flamm, G. Franke, Yong Ban, N. Magnussen, K. Johannsen, P. Verrecchia, J. Žáček, A. Courau, Christophe Royon, J. Feltesse, S. Eichenberger, G. Martin, David Schmidt, J. Bähr, S. Spielman, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, V. Schröder, S. Schleif, K. H. Hiller, R. C. W. Henderson, N. Sahlmann, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, Wolfram Erdmann, E. Schuhmann, Winston Ko, S. Aid, P. I. P. Kalmus, J. V. Morris, G. Schmidt, C. Pascaud, V. Efremenko, P. Hill, F. Linsel, P.-O. Meyer, G. W. Noyes, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, Zhen Zhang, Guenter Eckerlin, André Schöning, S. Mani, A. Walther, P. Biddulph, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, H. E. Roloff, M. Forbush, S. Mikocki, J. Bán, J. Tutas, F. Niebergall, J. D. Burger, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, A. Braemer, D. Mercer, M. A. Jabiol, W. Zimmermann, Gianfranco Sciacca, J. Riedlberger, H. Hufnagel, J. W. Lomas, I. Sheviakov, D. Newton, V. Lubimov, R. Prosi, J. Ebert, S. Masson, Leif J. Jönsson, John A Coughlan, A. Usik, K. Stolze, M. Höppner, C. A. Meyer, S. Prell, P. Dixon, H. Lohmander, P. Lanius, A. Gruber, R. Buchholz, L. N. Shtarkov, U. Krüger, A. Migliori, Horst Oberlack, Markus Seidel, A. Glazov, V. Tchernyshov, G. Siegmon, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, David Milstead, P. A. Smirnov, Ch. Ley, A. Panitch, C.D. Hilton, J.G. Contreras, Daniel Johnson, R. Beyer, S. Dagoret, P. Palmen, L. Goerlich, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, F. Lehner, J. Theissen, J. Duboc, B. Stella, D. Feeken, A. Jacholkowska, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, M. Arpagaus, S. D. Kolya, M. Oakden, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, R. Roosen, J. Ferencei, V I. Shekelyan, A. Wagener, S. Reinshagen, J. Martyniak, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, J. Spiekermann, R. L. Lander, Daniel Pitzl, Frank Raupach, S. M. Robertson, N. Wulff, B. Fominykh, P. Kasselmann, F. Charles, J. Katzy, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, R.K. Griffiths, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, U. Krüner-Marquis, G. Müller, M. F. Hess, Emmanuelle Perez, G. Lobo, P. Kostka, J. M. Foster, S. Bourov, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, J. Turnau, K. Zuber, Eckhart Fretwurst, M. Steenbock, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, B. Andrieu, H. Meyer, S. Kermiche, W. Hildesheim, J. Cvach, Ch. Niedzballa, P. Di Nezza, Peter Robmann, S. Willard, M. Winde, P. Uelkes, Didier Lacour, M. Hütte, L. Johnson, G. Pope, Steve McMahon, P. Baranov, O. Dünger, F. Botterweck, Peter Schleper, T. Krämerkämper, R. Maraček, W. von Schlippe, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, T. Merz, P. Truöl, H. Pawletta, R. Nisius, J. R. Smith, E. Eisenhandler, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, M. David, C.L. Davis, M. Flieser, J. Stier, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, L.R. West, M. Nyberg-Werther, T. R. Ebert, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, M. zurNedden, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, T. Kurča, J. Janoth, Volker Blobel, R. Eichler, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, C. Keuker, J.P. Phillips, Klaus Rabbertz, Stefan Valkar, Hannes Jung, Alexander Zhokin, B. Schwab, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, M. Ibbotson, R. Barschke, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, F. Rouse, Ulrich Goerlach, T. C. Nicholls, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, Gregorio Bernardi, Anton Babaev, C. Thiebaux, J. Strachota, and P. E. Reimer
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Elastic scattering, Particle physics, Cross section (physics), Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Detector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Center of mass, HERA, Dissociation (chemistry)
Abstract: We present a new measurement of the total photoproduction cross section performed with the H1 detector at HERA. For an average centre of mass energy of 200 GeV a value of σtotλp=165±2±11µb has been obtained. A detailed analysis of the data in adequate kinematic regions enabled a decomposition of the total cross section in its elastic, single diffractive dissociation and remaining non-diffractive parts, based on safe assumptions on the double diffractive dissociation contribution.
Published: 1995
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23. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in children

Author: J. M. S. Johnstone, D. M. Lloyd, and G. S. M. Robertson
Subjects: Male, Laparoscopic surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Fundoplication, Nissen fundoplication, Pediatric surgery, Humans, Medicine, Child, Laparoscopy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Esophageal disease, General surgery, Infant, medicine.disease, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Failure to thrive, Gastroesophageal Reflux, Vomiting, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Abdominal surgery
Abstract: Laparoscopic surgery for the definitive treatment of gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) has become an accepted alternative to conventional techniques in adults. Although relatively rare, GOR in children represents an important clinical entity with symptoms including failure to thrive, nocturnal dyspnea, and vomiting. This paper details our experience in eight children who have undergone a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication for failed medical treatment of severe GOR. Particular attention is paid to technical aspects of the procedure and the differences between adult and pediatric techniques are emphasized. The preliminary results suggest that a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is a safe procedure which significantly improves reflux symptoms in children and that these results are comparable to those obtained with conventional surgery.
Published: 1995
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24. Radical orchidectomy and benign testicular conditions

Author: Gavin S. M. Robertson
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Malignancy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Testicular Diseases, Benign pathology, Testicular Neoplasms, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Orchiectomy, Retrospective Studies, Ultrasonography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Testicular mass, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Etiology, Radiology, business
Abstract: The records of 149 patients who underwent testicular exploration for suspected malignancy were reviewed retrospectively. Malignancy was confirmed in 102 patients but benign pathology was noted in 47. Patients with benign disease were older, more likely to be Asian, gave a longer history and on examination were less likely to have a testicular mass. Increased levels of tumour markers, and ultrasonographic and operative appearance of the testis were highly predictive; with ultrasonography having a sensitivity of 100 per cent but a specificity of only 36 per cent for malignancy. Preoperative ultrasonography and an awareness of the potentially benign nature of many lesions with the use of frozen-section biopsy, where appropriate, may allow a decrease in the currently high rate of unnecessary orchidectomy without missing testicular malignancy.
Published: 1995
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25. OPTIMIZATION OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD USED FOR IMMUNOMAGNETIC ISLET PURIFICATION

Author: Joanna E. Davies, Roger F.L. James, Gavin S. M. Robertson, and Nicholas J.M. London
Subjects: endocrine system, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, Magnetic separation, Biology, Monoclonal antibody, Vibration, Dynabeads, Islets of Langerhans, Magnetics, Tissue culture, Internal medicine, Cell separation, medicine, Animals, Insulin, Pancreas, Transplantation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chromatography, Immunomagnetic Separation, Serum Albumin, Bovine, Islet, Rats, Endocrinology, Amylases, Collagenase, medicine.drug
Abstract: Purification of islets based on the physical differences in density between exocrine and islet tissue reduces islet yields and remains one of the factors limiting islet transplantation. Immunomagnetic cell separation methods provide an attractive, highly specific alternative capable of rapid, gentle, high volume cell separation, but they require modification to be applied effectively to separation of the much larger tissue fragments involved in islet purification. In this study, mAb to rat exocrine tissue were coupled to 4.5-microns magnetic beads (M450 Dynabeads), before incubation with standard aliquots of rat pancreatic digest. The effect on immunomagnetic islet purification of modifications in the magnetic field and the method of digest release into the field were investigated. The results showed that using vibration to maintain the immunomagnetically labeled digest in suspension in tissue culture medium whose density had been increased by the addition of BSA, significantly improved the purification process. When the digest suspension was slowly released and allowed to drift under gravity through a magnetic field applied across a narrow tube, the use of a quadripole of permanent magnets improved results compared with bipolar or unipolar magnetic fields. By modifying immunomagnetic cell separation techniques in this way, a median islet yield of 77% could be reliably achieved while removing 88% of the contaminating exocrine tissue. The use of such methods in human islet purification would significantly increase the yield of islets from each donor pancreas and increase the success rate of transplantation from single donors.
Published: 1995
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26. Technology-assisted versus clamp-crush liver resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Timothy M. Pawlik, Gavin S. M. Robertson, Michael N. Mavros, Vangelis G. Alexiou, and Thomas Tsitsias
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Electrosurgery, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Odds ratio, Length of Stay, Lower risk, Confidence interval, Resection, Surgery, law.invention, Clamp, Postoperative Complications, Treatment Outcome, Randomized controlled trial, Liver, law, Meta-analysis, Medicine, Hepatectomy, Humans, business
Abstract: Objective. To review the published evidence on technology-assisted liver resection regarding operative time, intraoperative bleeding, mortality, hospital stay, postoperative bile leak, and other outcomes. Method. A systematic review of clinical studies comparing liver resection using vessel sealing systems (VSSs—LigaSure), Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA), or radiofrequency dissecting sealer (RFDS) with the conventional clamp-crushing technique (CC) was performed. Data for each modality were synthesized and individually compared with CC with the methodology of meta-analysis. Result. In all, 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 7 nonrandomized studies evaluating 1539 patients were included. Compared with CC, the VSS group (3 RCTs and 3 nonrandomized studies) had significantly lower blood loss by a mean of 109 mL (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −109; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −192, −26; data on 494 patients), lower risk for postoperative bile leak by 63% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37; CI = 0.17, 0.78; 559 patients), and shorter total hospital stay by 2 days (WMD = −2.04; CI = −3.08, −1; 340 patients); no difference was noted for liver parenchyma transection time and mortality. No difference was noted between CUSA (4 RCTs and 1 nonrandomized study) or RFDS (3 RCTs and 3 nonrandomized studies) versus CC for any of the studied outcomes. Conclusion. Of the 3 modalities used in liver resection (VSS, CUSA, and RFDS), only VSS appeared to offer significant benefit over standard CC. However, the generalization of our findings is limited by the scarcity and clinical heterogeneity of the published studies. Large, well-designed and implemented RCTs are warranted to further investigate the usefulness of novel modalities used in liver resection.
Published: 2012

27. A search for heavy leptons at HERA

Author: Peter Robmann, S. Aid, P. E. Reimer, J. Duboc, B. Stella, G. Müller, E. M. Hanlon, Carl R. Brune, M. Barth, L. R. West, V. Korbel, K. Rüter, C. Niebuhr, R. D. Appuhn, H. Krehbiel, A. Gellrich, F. Lamarche, G. G. Winter, B. Gonzalez-Pineiro, Hermann Kolanoski, P. Steffen, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, Horst Oberlack, K. Rosenbauer, M. Vecko, P. R. Newman, J. Riedlberger, D. Mercer, G. Buschhorn, S. M. Robertson, R. L. Lander, S. Levonian, S. Masson, M. Colombo, D. Goldner, Y. Soloviev, Mikhail Danilov, F. Charles, M. F. Hess, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, G. Lindström, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, R. Roosen, C. Gruber, H. P. Wellisch, Max Weber, J. Turnau, T. Jansen, M. Steenbock, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, J. Martyniak, G. Thompson, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, A. Courau, B. Andrieu, T. Carli, K. Flamm, Christophe Royon, R. Nisius, Benno List, A. Buniatian, K. C. Hoeger, C. A. Meyer, G. Grindhammer, G. Rädel, D. Lüke, E. Wünsch, B. Fominykh, P. I. P. Kalmus, M. Hampel, B. Kuznik, R. Kaschowitz, W. Hildesheim, Roland Horisberger, A. Valkárová, V. Riech, I. Sheviakov, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, Ph. Huet, S. Riess, A. Gruber, I. W. Walker, A. Braemer, K. Rybicki, H. Itterbeck, P. Van Mechelen, M. Hapke, D. Düllmann, H. Henschel, D. Kant, Ch. Pichler, P. Hill, J. Bán, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, Emmanuelle Perez, Christoph Grab, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, M. Goldberg, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, O. Dünger, M. Korn, Winston Ko, Dave Sankey, G. Siegmon, Jean-Arcady Meyer, R. Nahnhauer, E. Barrelet, U. Krüger, F. Botterweck, K. Daum, C. Pascaud, P. Loch, R. Gerhards, G. Weber, U. Straumann, David Cussans, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. Martens, Daniel Johnson, Vincent Hedberg, Frank Raupach, G. Knies, Armen Vartapetian, J. D. Dowell, R. J. Ellison, R. Marshall, Guenter Eckerlin, G. Cozzika, Dirk Krücker, L. N. Shtarkov, G. D. Patel, André Schöning, F. Kole, S. Schiek, F. Eisele, A. Jacholkowska, P. Verrecchia, J. R. Smith, S. Dagoret, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, F. Linsel, A. Wegener, L. Goerlich, A. Panitch, Martin Erdmann, S. D. Kolya, E. A. De Wolf, Ch. Berger, V. Schröder, R. Herma, Karlheinz Meier, J. Heatherington, J. Haack, Stefan Valkar, U. Obrock, Wolfgang Lange, E. Eisenhandler, Gregorio Bernardi, F. Niebergall, K. H. Hiller, Eckhart Fretwurst, I. O. Skillicorn, H. H. Kaufmann, H. B. Dreis, Eckhard Elsen, F. Brasse, R. C. W. Henderson, D. Newton, J. Gayler, R. Maraček, Anton Babaev, V. Efremenko, J. Ferencei, Steve McMahon, C. Thiebaux, S. Eichenberger, V I. Shekelyan, A. Walther, N. Wulff, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, R. Prosi, L. Büngener, Hannes Jung, W. von Schlippe, T. Merz, U. Krüner-Marquis, P. Lanius, C. Vallée, E. Sanchez, W. Zimmermann, I. Tichomirov, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, I. Herynek, J. Baehr, N. Magnussen, S. Mikocki, David Schmidt, J. Strachota, Markus Seidel, V. Tchernyshov, S. Tapprogge, W.D. Dau, N. Sahlmann, E. Evrard, P. Kasselmann, E. Schuhmann, B. Schwab, K. Gabathuler, A. Lebedev, Grzegorz Nowak, S. Egli, J. B. Dainton, C. Jacobsson, P. Biddulph, M. Fleischer, K. Johanssen, M. A. Jabiol, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, H. Hufnagel, J. Feltesse, U. Bassler, M. Ibbotson, G. Bertrand-Coremans, R. Starosta, Daniel Pitzl, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, U. Seehausen, R. Eichler, F. Sefkow, P. Ribarics, G. Heinzelmann, C.D. Hilton, L. Criegee, B. Delcourt, M. Höppner, R. Felst, J.G. Contreras, J. P. Kubenka, U. Kathage, U. Stösslein, H. Meyer, S. Kermiche, Laurent Favart, S. Prell, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, J. Formánek, M. Gebauer, C. Dollfus, J. Garvey, R. Buchholz, C. Leverenz, David Milstead, V. Brisson, G. W. Noyes, A. M. Fomenko, P. A. Smirnov, O. Hamon, H. Küster, H. Shooshtari, F. Rouse, P. Baranov, J. V. Morris, G. Schmidt, Didier Lacour, G. Pope, Peter Schleper, Ulrich Goerlach, Dusan Bruncko, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, Marc Besancon, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, H. Genzel, W. Bartel, T. Greenshaw, C. Schmidt, J.P. Phillips, J. P. Sutton, P. Di Nezza, Rosario Martín, P. Van Esch, Stephen Maxfield, A. Lindner, J. Janoth, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, J. Stiewe, F. W. Büsser, Volker Blobel, P. Goritchev, C. Keuker, W. Braunschweig, K. Gamerdinger, A. B. Clegg, R. Rylko, Andrew Mehta, N. Gogitidze, R. Sell, D. Neyret, T. Mavroidis, S. Kazarian, U. Siewert, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, L. Del Buono, V. Andreev, M. Zimmer, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, H. Ehrlichmann, Yves Sirois, J. Lipinski, G. Franke, Zhen Zhang, J. Žáček, J. Ebert, J. M. Foster, S. Mani, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, A. Usik, M. Savitsky, K. Zuber, J. Cvach, H. Bergstein, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, P. Kostka, Ch. Ley, M. David, S. Reinshagen, A. Wagener, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, M. Flieser, J. Stier, M. Arpagaus, Y. Vazdik, M. Nyberg-Werther, T. R. Ebert, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, Richard E. Taylor, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, T. Kurča, S. Willard, I. R. Kenyon, H. Spitzer, M. Winde, R. Bernet, P. Uelkes, L. Johnson, H. E. Roloff, Leif J. Jönsson, H. Lohmander, and D. Feeken
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Branching fraction, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Electron–positron annihilation, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HERA, Massless particle, Nuclear physics, Particle decay, W and Z bosons, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract: A search for direct production of new leptons in the mass range from 10 GeV up to 225 GeV is presented by the H1 experiment at HERA. The data were obtained during 1993 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 528 nb −1 . The search includes heavy lepton decays to final states e ( ν ) γ and e ( ν ) W , e ( ν ) Z with the subsequent decay of the W and Z bosons into jets or lepton pairs. No evidence was found for the production of new massive electrons or neutrinos in any of the decay channels. Rejection limits for excited electrons and neutrinos are derived.
Published: 1994
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28. Leflunomide: Inhibition of S-antigen induced autoimmune uveitis in Lewis rats

Author: S. M. Robertson and L. S. Lang
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Administration, Topical, Eye disease, Freund's Adjuvant, Immunology, Administration, Oral, Toxicology, Antibodies, Dexamethasone, Retina, Autoimmune Diseases, Uveitis, Antigen, Internal medicine, Cyclosporin a, medicine, Animals, Pharmacology (medical), Antigens, Eye Proteins, Leflunomide, Pharmacology, Arrestin, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, business.industry, Isoxazoles, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Rheumatology, Rats, Freund's adjuvant, Rheumatoid arthritis, Cyclosporine, sense organs, business, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug
Abstract: Leflunomide (LEF) is a novel immunomodulator which has been reported to be efficacious in experimental models of systemic autoimmune diseases and in treating rheumatoid arthritis in man. Leflunomide's ability to ameliorate ocular disease processes was investigated in a model of autoimmune eye disease, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). EAU was induced by the injection of retinal S-antigen (S-Ag) into the foot-pad of Lewis rats. Leflunomide, or the reference compound cyclosporin A (CSA), was administered orally or topically (to one eye) each day beginning on the day of S-Ag injection. Drug efficacy was measured by the suppression in clinical signs of ocular inflammation and confirmed by histology. Both oral and topical ocular treatment with LEF suppressed the ocular disease signs and symptoms and retinal necrosis and reduced the S-Ag antibody levels associated with EAU in a dose-dependent manner. Both LEF and CSA were able to inhibit totally the disease manifestations of EAU; however, a comparison of the IC50 and IC90 values indicate that LEF is more potent than CSA in inhibiting EAU. These results suggest that leflunomide may be useful for treating autoimmune diseases of the eye.
Published: 1994
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29. STORAGE OF PANCREATIC DIGEST BEFORE ISLET PURIFICATION

Author: H. H. Contractor, Gavin S. M. Robertson, Peter R.F. Bell, Nicholas J.M. London, D. R. Chadwick, Scott Rose, Roger F.L. James, and Paul Johnson
Subjects: endocrine system, Transplantation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chromatography, Potassium, Sodium, Ficoll, chemistry.chemical_element, Hydroxyethyl starch, Biology, Islet, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid, Dextran, chemistry, Biochemistry, medicine, biology.protein, Amylase, medicine.drug
Abstract: The density-dependent purification of islets from several species of mammalian pancreata is improved by prior storage of the dispersed, collagenase-digested pancreas in suitable storage solutions, such as University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. The optimal composition of such solutions, however, is not fully established, although previous investigations have suggested separately that cellular impermeants and colloids are important components. To investigate this issue further, dispersed tissues from 7 porcine and 7 human pancreata were stored in UW or in solutions containing the impermeants lactobionate and raffinose, with either no added colloid or in the presence of the colloids hydroxyethyl starch, dextran 40, dextran 250, or Ficoll 400; hydroxyethyl starch-containing solutions in which the principal cation was sodium, rather than potassium, were also studied. Subsequent purification of islets on continuous linear density gradients of BSA was then assessed by insulin/amylase assay of gradient fractions. Islet purity was slightly reduced using solutions containing impermeants but lacking a colloid, compared with using UW. In the combined presence of impermeants and a colloid, however, islet purity was similar to that obtained with UW, and for porcine pancreata, solutions containing Ficoll 400 or dextran 40 were slightly superior to UW. Purity was not, however, influenced by the sodium to potassium ratio of storage media. In conclusion, impermeants and colloids are both essential components of solutions used to preserve pancreatic tissue before islet purification, findings which may be relevant when designing media for use during other phases of islet isolation, e.g., during collagenase digestion/density gradient purification.
Published: 1994
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30. Inclusive charged particle cross sections in photoproduction at HERA

Author: T. Jansen, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, I. Tichomirov, G. Rädel, L. Criegee, H. Hufnagel, S. Kermiche, J. Formánek, R. D. Appuhn, M. Hampel, Ph. Huet, C.D. Hilton, M. Gebauer, J. Garvey, Ch. Pichler, A. M. Fomenko, I. R. Kenyon, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, M. Gennis, R. C. W. Henderson, S. Levonian, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, H. Spitzer, P. Baranov, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, Peter Schleper, G. Grindhammer, C. Bourdarios, R. Prosi, A. Buniatian, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, Dusan Bruncko, K. Flamm, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, A. Mavroidis, P. Goritchev, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, W. Flauger, D. Pitzl, R. Roosen, Mikhail Danilov, D. Lewin, Grzegorz Nowak, J. Martyniak, C. Jacobsson, B. Fominykh, Emmanuel Monnier, Eckhart Fretwurst, Fabian Zomer, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, K. Gamerdinger, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, H. Genzel, J. Martens, P. I. P. Kalmus, Michel Devel, J. M. Foster, V. Efremenko, Peter Loch, D. Kant, P. Dingus, W. von Schlippe, K. Johannsen, Kerstin Borras, Didier Lacour, T. Merz, R. J. Ellison, G. Cozzika, J. Hladký, A. Braemer, T. Greenshaw, G. Siegmon, J. Feltesse, J. Ebert, F. Eisele, S. Mikocki, C. A. Meyer, J.P. Phillips, W. Pilgram, Christophe Royon, A. Semenov, K. C. Hoeger, J. Žáček, Steve McMahon, U. Kathage, M. Savitsky, A. Gruber, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, J. Haack, H. Bergstein, Th. Naumann, F. Moreau, J. D. Dowell, A. Jacholkowska, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, Leith Godfrey, W. Schmitz, V. Brisson, S. Aid, F. Charles, R. Taylor, P. Van Esch, H. Greif, P. Robmann, P. Fuhrmann, N. Magnussen, M. Goldberg, Max Klein, V. Boudry, H. Duhm, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, C. Niebuhr, Anton Babaev, M. Rudowicz, J. Marks, S. D. Kolya, S. Mani, L. N. Shtarkov, C. Thiebaux, J. Strachota, Hannes Jung, Mario David, Claus Kleinwort, F. Brasse, J. Turnau, J. Cvach, L. Goerlich, A. Drescher, I. Abt, T. P. Yiou, Stephen Burke, L. R. West, U. Bassler, I.F. Fensome, Winston Ko, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, D. Feeken, D. Goldner, P. Kostka, Leif J. Jönsson, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, R. Nisius, André Schöning, C. Vallée, M. Steenbock, A. Lindner, S. J. Maxfiedl, Y. Soloviev, I. Sheviakov, A. Usik, E. Barrelet, A. M. Goodall, Volker Blobel, Ch. Berger, R. Eichler, C. Keuker, H. Lohmander, P. A. Smirnov, U. Krüger, E. Evrard, W. Hildesheim, P. R. Newman, B. Andrieu, A. Gellrich, V. Riech, Karlheinz Meier, P. Ribarics, V. Andreev, G. Villet, R. Felst, Pierre Marage, L. Büngener, D. Mercer, F. Lamarche, B. Schwab, M. Eberle, W. Lange, S. Willard, Roland Bernet, J. R. Smith, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, I. W. Walker, R. Herma, Hermann Kolanoski, S. Dagoret, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, J. Moreels, K. Rybicki, D. Clarke, A. Courau, M. Ibbotson, M. Vecko, T. R. Ebert, John A Coughlan, M. Winde, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, L. Johnson, H. Ehrlichmann, E. Eisenhandler, M. Hapke, S. Masson, R. Langkau, Horst Oberlack, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, B. Delcourt, R. Sell, S. Kazarian, U. Siewert, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, N. Gogitidze, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, S. Reinshagen, U. Stösslein, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, F. Kole, N. Sahlmann, C. Kiesling, Armen Vartapetian, E. Schuhmann, A. De Roeck, P. C. Bosetti, C. Leverenz, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, B. Stella, A. Rostovtsev, M. Arpagaus, P. Biddulph, R. Ebbinghaus, M. Zimmer, J. Lipinski, Jean-Francois Laporte, Ulrich Goerlach, L. Urban, G. Franke, M. A. Jabiol, B. Kuznik, T. Kurča, R. L. Lander, M. Ruffer, K. Rosenbauer, M. Flieser, S. Orenstein, G. Bertrand-Coremans, H. Bärwolff, S. Eichenberger, Frank Raupach, J. Stier, R. Kaschowitz, Y. Vazdik, Y. Sirois, Jean-Arcady Meyer, M. Jaffré, H. Meyer, N. Wulff, A. Valkárová, P. Kasselmann, G. Thompson, A. Wegner, M. Colombo, M. Fleischer, S. Riess, H. Ziaeepour, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, D. Düllmann, Hans Peter Beck, R. Gerhards, P. Hill, A. W. E. Dann, J. P. Kubenka, H. Henschel, J. Bán, Ch. Ley, U. Seehausen, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, D. Lüers, Murrough Landon, N. Huot, G. W. Noyes, P. Verrecchia, A. E. Wright, K. Müller, P. E. Reimer, H. Shooshtari, V. Schröder, J. Riedlberger, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, D. Neyret, Nicolas Ellis, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, O. Hamon, G. G. Winter, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, P. Steffen, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, H. P. Wellisch, T. Carli, V. Korbel, F. Linsel, J. Heatherington, D. Newton, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, M. Korn, G. Weber, U. Straumann, H. U. Martyn, F. Ould-Saada, M. Höppner, S. Prell, S. A. Murray, J. Chyla, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, J. Duboc, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, P. Di Nezza, U. Braun, K. Rauschnabel, E. Binder, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, J. Gayler, E. Sanchez, L. Del Buono, O. Dünger, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, H. Krehbiel, G. Buschhorn, I. Herynek, L.A. Womersley, A. Walther, W. Zimmermann, J. V. Morris, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, C. Pascaud, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, G. Heinzelmann, S. Valkar, H. Küster, D. Lüke, C. Zeitnitz, Dave Sankey, G. D. Patel, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, and David Schmidt
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, Particle physics, Elementary particle, HERA, Charged particle, Nuclear physics, Particle mass, Pseudorapidity, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Cross sections are presented for the inclusive production of charged particles measured in electron-proton collisions at low Q 2 with the H1 detector at HERA. The transverse momentum distribution extends up to 8 GeV/ c . Its shape is found to be harder than that observed in p p collisions at comparable centre-of-mass energies √S γp ≈ √S p p ≈ 200 GeV , and also harder than in γp collisions at lower energies √ S γp ≈ 18 GeV. Results from quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations agree with the measured transverse momentum and pseudorapidity cross sections.
Published: 1994
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31. Scaling violations of the proton structure function F2 at small x

Author: F. Kole, B. Schwab, Petr Zavada, Pavel Murin, H. Grässler, M. Ibbotson, M. Schulz, D. Lüers, F. Charles, R. Taylor, N. Magnussen, Steve McMahon, Armen Vartapetian, Th. Wolff, Pavel Staroba, P. Verrecchia, H. Spitzer, Richard Nisius, Michel Devel, M. Colombo, E. Evrard, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, J. Turnau, M. Steenbock, B. Andrieu, N. Sahlmann, V. Korbel, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, Stephen Maxfield, Kerstin Borras, C. Pascaud, V. Schröder, W. von Schlippe, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, I. Tichomirov, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, G. Lindström, B. Delcourt, G. Bertrand-Coremans, J. Feltesse, Ulrich Goerlach, R. Kaschowitz, R. Ebbinghaus, A. B. Clegg, N. Gogitidze, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, K. C. Hoeger, Leif J. Jönsson, H. Hufnagel, Alexandre Lebedev, H. Lohmander, L. Criegee, A. Semenov, J. Riedlberger, M. Nyberg, S. Egli, M. Rietz, T. Merz, S. Kasarian, U. Stösslein, C. Leverenz, J. Žáček, Max Klein, L.A. Womersley, J. Formánek, M. A. Jabiol, V. Riech, R. Sell, A. Valkárová, S. Orenstein, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, S. Riess, G. Heinzelmann, Mario David, S. Kermiche, E. Barrelet, Tancredi Carli, I. R. Kenyon, S. Reinshagen, A. Walther, C.D. Hilton, Fabian Zomer, M. Hapke, F. Linsel, P. A. Smirnov, A. Lindner, L. N. Shtarkov, U. Bassler, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, J. Ebert, U. Siewert, F. Brasse, W. Zimmermann, Hans Peter Beck, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, M. Zimmer, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, Vincent Boudry, A. Buniatian, Mikhail Danilov, J. Heatherington, R. C. W. Henderson, I. F. Fensome, Volker Blobel, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, D. Newton, D. Lewin, L. Büngener, V. Milone, S. Eichenberger, G. Cozzika, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, Jean-Francois Laporte, Jean-Arcady Meyer, R. Eichler, C. Keuker, R. Roosen, H. Shooshtari, G. Grindhammer, J. Martyniak, R. Gerhards, A. Drescher, O. Hamon, M. Fleischer, Ch. Ley, Dave Sankey, D. Handschuh, I. Herynek, P. Lanius, Emmanuel Monnier, S. A. Murray, S. Levonian, H. Krehbiel, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, P. E. Reimer, B. Fominykh, E. M. Hanlon, V. Tchernyshov, Stefan Valkar, M. Arpagaus, J. Duboc, B. Stella, H. T. Phillips, H. Greif, P. Hill, J. Bán, P. Ribarics, C. Niebuhr, R. Felst, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, Paul Newman, K. Flamm, A. Mavroidis, V. Efremenko, Hannes Jung, G. Buschhorn, Daniel Pitzl, G. G. Winter, S. Mani, R. M. Martin, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, M. Rudowicz, M. Eberle, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, Grzegorz Nowak, Eckhart Fretwurst, M. Korn, P. I. P. Kalmus, David Schmidt, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, S. Mikocki, P. Steffen, C. Vallée, P. Biddulph, I. Abt, Stephen Burke, Martin Erdmann, R. Prosi, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, Nicolas Ellis, G. Weber, U. Straumann, J. V. Morris, H. P. Wellisch, A. Wegner, T. Ahmed, K. Johannsen, J. R. Smith, R. Herma, Christophe Royon, A. Usik, R. D. Appuhn, E. Eisenhandler, Y. Soloviev, T. Kurca, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, M. Jaffré, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, P. Dingus, A. M. Goodall, M. Forbush, P. Baranov, H. Ziaeepour, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, C. A. Meyer, J. Kurzhöfer, A. Schwind, V. Nagovizin, M. Vecko, Peter Schleper, J. Haack, A. W. E. Dann, C. Zeitnitz, Rudolf Langkau, H. Küster, W. Schmitz, A. Gellrich, V. Andreev, M. Rüffer, J. M. Foster, R. J. Ellison, F. Lamarche, M. Savitsky, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, I. W. Walker, K. Rybicki, J. P. Kubenka, Marc Besancon, P. Fuhrmann, A.S. Belousov, D. Düllmann, H. U. Martyn, Sergey Rusakov, P. Truöl, Peter Loch, Winston Ko, Didier Lacour, Guenter Eckerlin, Daniel Johnson, E. Vogel, G. W. Noyes, M. Gennis, H. Henschel, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, W. Pilgram, J. Cvach, Gregorio Bernardi, Anton Babaev, C. Thiebaux, Horst Oberlack, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, L. Goerlich, R. Vick, André Schöning, I. Sheviakov, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, Yves Sirois, Frank Raupach, J. Strachota, U. Krüger, A. Courau, Roland Bernet, J. Lipinski, K. Gamerdinger, S. Dagoret, J. Garvey, J. Hladký, F. Eisele, G. Franke, V I. Shekelyan, A. M. Fomenko, J. D. Dowell, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, G. Siegmon, Wolfgang Scobel, Ankita Mehta, N. Wulff, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, E. J. Sanchez, N. Huot, P. Goritchev, Dusan Bruncko, P. Kasselmann, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, T. Greenshaw, D. Neyret, J.P. Phillips, D. Feeken, W. Hildesheim, R. L. Lander, J. Ferencei, H. Bärwolff, P. Van Esch, J. Marks, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, F. Moreau, S. Willard, A. Jacholkowska, M. Winde, S. D. Kolya, L. Johnson, T. Jansen, G. Rädel, B. Kuznik, Ph. Huet, Ch. Pichler, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, E. Binder, J. Gayler, G. Thompson, S. Prell, C. Jacobsson, U. Kathage, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, H. Bergstein, Peter Robmann, Th. Naumann, L. Del Buono, A. Bischoff, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, O. Dünger, P. Kostka, J. Moreels, T. R. Ebert, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, A. J. Campbell, Farid Ould-Saada, Leith Godfrey, L. Urban, M. Flieser, D. Mercer, J. Stier, Y. Vazdik, L.R. West, S. Masson, J. Martens, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and H1
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Distribution function, Proton, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Range (statistics), Perturbative QCD, HERA, Event (particle physics), Scaling, Gluon
Abstract: An analysis is presented of scaling violations of the proton structure function F 2 ( x , Q 2 ) measured with the H1 detector at HERA in the range of Bjorken x values between x = 3 × 10 −4 and 10 −2 for four-momentum transfers Q > 2 larger than 8.7 GeV 2 . The structure function F 2 ( x , Q 2 ) is observed to rise linearly with ln Q 2 . Under the assumption that the observed scaling violations at small x ⩽ 0.01 are described correctly by perturbative QCD, an estimate is obtained of the gluon distribution function G ( x , Q 0 2 ) at Q 2 2 = 20 GeV 2 .
Published: 1994
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32. Color Coding of Sutures in Laparoscopic Perforated Duodenal Ulcer: A New Concept

Author: Steven A. White, Gavin S. M. Robertson, Simon A. Wemyss-Holden, and David M. Lloyd
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sutures, business.industry, Surgery, Omental patch, Suture (anatomy), Duodenal Ulcer, Peptic Ulcer Perforation, medicine, Humans, Female, Laparoscopy, medicine.symptom, business, Perforated duodenal ulcer, Aged, Confusion
Abstract: A simple modification for securing the omental patch during laparoscopic oversewing of perforated duodenal ulcers is presented. This new concept uses color coding of sutures to prevent confusion and suture "cut-out" during the tie-over of the omental patch. The concept of suture color-coding may be applicable to other laparoscopic procedures where identification of "suture pairs" is difficult.
Published: 2002
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33. Is intraoperative confirmation of malignancy during pancreaticoduodenectomy mandatory?

Author: David P. Berry, Matthew S. Metcalfe, Giuseppe Garcea, David M. Lloyd, Gavin S. M. Robertson, and Ashley R. Dennison
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Adenocarcinoma, Malignancy, Sensitivity and Specificity, Pancreaticoduodenectomy, Diagnosis, Differential, Pancreatitis, Chronic, Biopsy, Medicine, Frozen Sections, Humans, False Positive Reactions, False Negative Reactions, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Frozen section procedure, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Gastroenterology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Disease Presentation, Radiological weapon, Pancreatitis, business
Abstract: Differentiating between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma can be difficult due to considerable overlap in disease presentation and radiological signs and the frequent co-existence of the two conditions. In this situation, surgeons may have to proceed to “blind” pancreaticoduodenectomy or attempt to confirm malignancy intraoperatively with frozen section (FS) histology. This study attempted to ascertain the false-negative and false-positive rates of undertaking pancreaticoduodenectomies (PD) based on clinical suspicion (CS) or after intraoperative confirmation of malignancy using FS histology. Of patients, 13.6% (nine out of 66) underwent a benign PD in the CS group; 6.7% of patients had a missed malignancy in the FS group (n = 62), but intraoperative histology prevented PD in 35% of patients with benign disease in the FS group. Specificity and sensitivity of intraoperative FS in detecting malignancy was 100% and 89.7%, respectively. Sensitivity of clinical assessment in detecting malignancy was 86.4%. In experienced hands, intraoperative confirmation of malignancy is effective and will avoid resection in patients with benign disease. However, for many surgeons the chance of missing a small tumour with a false-negative biopsy will be unacceptable and they would prefer to undertake a “blind” resection and accept the mortality risk of pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign disease.
Published: 2011

34. Do wind and brass players snore less? A cross-sectional study of snoring and daytime fatigue in professional orchestral musicians

Author: P J C, Wardrop, S, Ravichandran, M, Hair, S M, Robertson, and D, Sword
Subjects: Adult, Male, Snoring, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Middle Aged, Health Surveys, Body Mass Index, Occupational Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sex Factors, Scotland, Surveys and Questionnaires, Linear Models, Pharyngeal Muscles, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Music
Abstract: To determine whether playing a wind or brass musical instrument is associated with reduced snoring or daytime fatigue.Cross-sectional, controlled, anonymous, questionnaire-based observational study.Rehearsal and performance halls.Three hundred and forty musicians from Scotland's five professional orchestras.Snore Outcomes Survey questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Score.Hierarchical linear regression analysis.No significant difference was found between the snoring severity (Snore Outcomes Survey score) or daytime sleepiness (Epworth score) of wind/brass and other professional musicians. A regression model with snoring severity (Snore Outcomes Survey score) as the dependent variable and the three covariates of gender, age and body mass index as independent variables was significant [F(3, 206) = 28.77, P0.01, adjusted r(2) = 0.285]. Increasing age, body mass index and male gender were all significantly associated with lower Snore Outcomes Survey scores (i.e. worse snoring).The addition of instrument type did not significantly increase the fit of the model, and the regression coefficient for instrument type was not significant. There were similar results when the Epworth Sleepiness Score was used as the dependent variable.This study demonstrated no significant difference between the snoring severity or daytime sleepiness of brass/wind players and other professional orchestral musicians. This result may have been attributed to comparatively low levels of snoring/daytime sleepiness in the population studied. The findings contrast with previous studies examining the effects of singing and didgeridoo playing but concur with a recent similar study of orchestral musicians. A prospective interventional study would be required to determine whether playing a wind or brass instrument improves these variables in patients complaining of disruptive snoring.
Published: 2011

35. Measurement of the proton structure function F2 (x, Q2) in the low-x region at HERA

Author: Steve McMahon, C. A. Meyer, G. Siegmon, A. Drescher, P. Fuhrmann, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, A. Jacholkowska, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, G. Villet, L. Goerlich, S. D. Kolya, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, Pierre Marage, G. Heinzelmann, A. Courau, H. Küster, A. Usik, N. Magnussen, R. C. W. Henderson, N. Sahlmann, P. Biddulph, M. Colombo, J. V. Morris, Frank Raupach, R. Ebbinghaus, M. A. Jabiol, A. E. Wright, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, N. Wulff, R. Prosi, P. Kasselmann, D. P. C. Sankey, U. Bassler, Daniel Pitzl, M. Forbush, V. Milone, A. Schwind, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, R. Felst, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, M. Eberle, F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, R. Sell, C. Zeitnitz, V. Korbel, K. C. Hoeger, T. Jansen, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, Peter Loch, W. Scobel, Vincent Hedberg, G. Rädel, G. Knies, B. Kuznik, Ph. Huet, W. Pilgram, D. Lüers, Ch. Pichler, D.P. Johnson, David Schmidt, J. Haack, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, Ch. Ley, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, V. Riech, M. Hapke, R. Bernet, Pavel Staroba, Kerstin Borras, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, Anton Babaev, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W. von Schlippe, A. Semenov, T. Merz, J. Turnau, J. Strachota, W.J. Haynes, P. Verrecchia, I.F. Fensome, P. Goritchev, Stefan Valkar, M. Steenbock, A. Lindner, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, R. Roosen, Emmanuel Monnier, V. Schröder, S. Kasarian, K. Gamerdinger, T. Köhler, D. Neyret, S. Levonian, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, B. Andrieu, Hannes Jung, K. Johannsen, B. Schwab, C. Vallée, E. Malinovski, Pavel Murin, D. Mercer, H. Grässler, J. Riedlberger, H. K. Nguyen, F. Brasse, E. Binder, M. Ibbotson, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, Leif J. Jönsson, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, Christophe Royon, P. Baranov, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, J. Gayler, Jean-Arcady Meyer, V. Efremenko, Mario David, F. Linsel, Peter Schleper, Ulrich Goerlach, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, J. Heatherington, J. M. Foster, R. Kaschowitz, S. M. Robertson, R. Gerhards, P. Závada, E. Evrard, M. Savitsky, E. Sanchez, S. Riess, M. Kuhlen, H. Lohmander, G. Grindhammer, S. Mikocki, K. Flamm, A. Mavroidis, D. Newton, L. N. Shtarkov, Leith Godfrey, Marc Besancon, J. Cvach, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, L. Del Buono, Winston Ko, B. Delcourt, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, U. Stösslein, P. Lanius, C. Pascaud, I. W. Walker, K. Rybicki, J. Duboc, B. Stella, S. Kermiche, P. I. P. Kalmus, P. Hill, J. Bán, P. Truöl, Mikhail Danilov, Peter Robmann, D. Lewin, H. Greif, L. Criegee, Stephen Maxfield, C. Leverenz, V. Tchernyshov, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, O. Hamon, Nicolas Ellis, Guenter Eckerlin, J. Martyniak, E. Barrelet, R. Vick, M. Vecko, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, T. Ahmed, J. Formánek, A. Bischoff, Th. Wolff, M. Rudowicz, Yves Sirois, H. Shooshtari, I. R. Kenyon, I. Abt, M. Korn, J. Lipinski, R. Nisius, B. Fominykh, G. Franke, J. Žáček, S. Masson, R. Langkau, M. Ruffer, Armen Vartapetian, G. Thompson, S. Orenstein, G. Weber, U. Straumann, H. Spitzer, Ch. Berger, O. Dünger, J. Ebert, R. J. Ellison, L.A. Womersley, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, A. Gellrich, F. Lamarche, S. Mani, R. D. Appuhn, D. Düllmann, J. R. Smith, H. P. Beck, Eckhart Fretwurst, S. Eichenberger, H. Henschel, Stephen Burke, R. Herma, I. Tichomirov, E. Eisenhandler, L. Büngener, J. Martens, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, M. Gennis, M. Fleischer, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, Michel Devel, John A Coughlan, K. Meier, Horst Oberlack, A. Walther, S. Prell, F. Kole, G. Bertrand-Coremans, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, H. Hufnagel, W. Zimmermann, I. Herynek, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, A. Wegner, C.D. Hilton, P. Kotska, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Jacobsson, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, N. Huot, H. Ziaeepour, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, W.D. Dau, A. W. E. Dann, J. B. Dainton, R. Eichler, M. W. Krasny, Claire Bourdarios, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, U. Kathage, D. Handschuh, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, H. Krehbiel, V. Brisson, J. P. Kubenka, C. Thiebaux, G. Buschhorn, G. W. Noyes, P. Dingus, J. Feltesse, Max Klein, P. A. Smirnov, F. Charles, I. Sheviakov, U. Krüger, J. Stier, J. Marks, S. Dagoret, Y. Vazdik, H. Bergstein, Th. Naumann, Vladimir Andreev, H. U. Martyn, H. Duhm, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, K. Wacker, P. Ribarics, R. Steinberg, Y. Soloviev, J. Moreels, T. R. Ebert, Dusan Bruncko, P. E. Reimer, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, P. Steffen, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, H. P. Wellisch, C. Kiesling, A. De Roeck, T. Carli, Richard E. Taylor, F. Ould-Saada, H. Genzel, L. Urban, T. Kurča, T. Greenshaw, J.P. Phillips, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, P. Van Esch, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, S. Reinshagen, M. Arpagaus, W. Hildesheim, S. Willard, M. Winde, L. Johnson, D. Feeken, A. Valkarova, S. A. Murray, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, F. Niebergall, and M. P. J. Landon
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Luminosity (scattering theory), Neutral current, Proton, Detector, Elementary particle, HERA, Atomic physics, Deep inelastic scattering
Abstract: A measurement of the proton structure function F2 (x, Q2) is presented with about 1000 neutral current deep inelastic scattering events for Bjorken x in the range x ⋍ 10−2 – 10−4 and Q2 > 5 GeV2. The measurement is based on an integrated luminosity of 22.5 nb−1 recorded by the H1 detector in the first year of HERA operation. The structure function F2 (x, Q2) shows a significant rise with decreasing x.
Published: 1993
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36. Measurement of inclusive jet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA

Author: J. Duboc, B. Stella, Kerstin Borras, A. Lebedev, A. Semenov, M. Rietz, C. Vallée, M. Colombo, R. D. Appuhn, Vladimir Andreev, H. Greif, M. Gennis, N. Magnussen, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, H. Bergstein, S. D. Kolya, D. Haidt, Th. Naumann, F. Brasse, R. C. W. Henderson, M. Rudowicz, N. Sahlmann, Murrough Landon, A. E. Wright, H. Duhm, J-P. Meyer, P. Biddulph, R. Ebbinghaus, W. von Schlippe, T. Merz, M. Ibbotson, E. Deffur, K. C. Hoeger, G. Heinzelmann, M. A. Jabiol, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, F. Ould-Saada, R. Prosi, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, R. Bernet, P. Kostka, A. Buniatian, M. Jaffre, P. Ribarics, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, U. Bassler, M. Fleischer, Leith Godfrey, C. Kiesling, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, V. Riech, Armen Vartapetian, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, Y. Soloviev, L. Del Buono, V. Milone, S. Kasarian, S. A. Murray, H. Küster, J. Feltesse, M. Hapke, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, Leif J. Jönsson, R. Roosen, Emmanuel Monnier, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, Mario David, E. Binder, J. V. Morris, V. Efremenko, H. Lohmander, G. Siegmon, Martin Erdmann, R. Felst, U. Obrock, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Jacobsson, M. Eberle, M. Korn, L.A. Womersley, R. Nisius, F. W. Büsser, M. Arpagaus, W. Braunschweig, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, J. Stier, K. Rybicki, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, S. Mikocki, M. Forbush, Max Klein, R. L. Lander, R. J. Ellison, J. Marks, R. Gerhards, J. M. Foster, H. Bärwolff, Y. Vazdik, J. Riedlberger, A. Schwind, R. Sell, E. Sanchez, G. Weber, U. Straumann, M. Nyberg, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, P. E. Reimer, Christophe Royon, F. Moreau, L. N. Shtarkov, J. D. Dowell, C. A. Meyer, M. Vecko, J. R. Smith, I. R. Kenyon, Alan Campbell, J. Harjes, J. Moreels, J. Haack, E. M. Hanlon, S. M. Robertson, R. Herma, W. Hildesheim, H. U. Martyn, U. Siewert, I. O. Skillicorn, T. R. Ebert, A. Walther, A. Jacholkowska, H. Spitzer, D. Mercer, G. G. Winter, M. Savitsky, H. B. Dreis, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, J. Turnau, A. Fedotov, B. Naroska, Winston Ko, Yves Sirois, P. Fuhrmann, G. Grindhammer, F. Linsel, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, M. Zimmer, S. Willard, P. Baranov, C. Zeitnitz, S. Eichenberger, Dave Sankey, P. Steffen, J. Martens, C. Pascaud, Tim Greenshaw, Jean-Francois Laporte, W. Zimmermann, M. Steenbock, A. De Roeck, Richard E. Taylor, A. Valkarova, J. Heatherington, F. Kole, Guenter Eckerlin, L. Goerlich, Peter Robmann, Peter Schleper, Michel Devel, S. Kermiche, L. Urban, S. Masson, L. Criegee, H. Henschel, T. Kurča, J. Lipinski, R. Vick, D. Newton, G. D. Patel, G. Franke, B. Andrieu, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, A. Bischoff, D.P. Johnson, A. Gellrich, H. P. Wellisch, H. Shooshtari, M. Winde, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, L. Johnson, F. Lamarche, R. Kaschowitz, J. Cvach, P. Lanius, T. Carli, R. Langkau, T. Jansen, P. Goritchev, V. Tchernyshov, S. Riess, S. Egli, Frank Raupach, Marc Besancon, W.D. Dau, U. Kathage, J. B. Dainton, O. Dünger, K. Gamerdinger, A.S. Belousov, P. Hill, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, G. Rädel, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, B. Kuznik, J. Bán, John A Coughlan, D. Neyret, Claire Bourdarios, J.C. Phillips, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, J. Gayler, P. Truöl, Horst Oberlack, N. Wulff, J. Garvey, Mikhail Danilov, I. Abt, E. Gabathuler, Nicolas Ellis, Ph. Huet, D. Lewin, Stephen Maxfield, Ch. Pichler, J. Žáček, A. M. Fomenko, I. W. Walker, E. Eisenhandler, P. Kasselmann, R. Marshall, S. Prell, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, Dirk Krücker, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, D. Handschuh, H. Krehbiel, J. Martyniak, D. Feeken, G. Buschhorn, S. Levonian, S. Mani, B. Fominykh, N. Huot, D. Lüers, E. Barrelet, H. P. Beck, Stephen Burke, P. Dingus, Pavel Staroba, P. Verrecchia, M. Ruffer, V. Schröder, S. Orenstein, Ch. Berger, H. H. Kaufmann, K. Flamm, Eckhart Fretwurst, A. Mavroidis, L. Büngener, I. Tichomirov, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, J. Ebert, P. I. P. Kalmus, I. Herynek, H. Hufnagel, A. Usik, Ch. Ley, C.D. Hilton, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, D. Schmidt, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, C. Thiebaux, J. Strachota, I.F. Fensome, A. Lindner, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, Petr Zavada, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, H. Grässler, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, F. Charles, I. Sheviakov, Ulrich Goerlach, U. Krüger, S. Dagoret, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, J. Hladký, Stefan Valkar, Hannes Jung, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, E. Evrard, Dusan Bruncko, F. Ferrarotto, B. Delcourt, H. Genzel, U. Stösslein, C. Leverenz, O. Hamon, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, P. Van Esch, E. Elsen, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, G. Bertrand-Coremans, G. Thompson, A. Wegner, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, D. Düllmann, R. Eichler, J. P. Kubenka, G. W. Noyes, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Steve McMahon, A. Drescher, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, Daniel Pitzl, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Peter Loch, W. Pilgram, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H1, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Damoiseaux, Magali
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Elementary particle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Perpendicular, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Detector, Perturbative QCD, HERA, Transverse plane, Pseudorapidity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Underlying event
Abstract: Inclusive jet cross sections are measured in photoproduction at HERA using the H1 detector. The data sample of e+ p -> e+ + jet + X events in the kinematic range of photon virtualities Q^2 < 1 GeV^2 and photon-proton centre-of-mass energies 95 < W_gammap < 285 GeV represents an integrated luminosity of 24.1 pb^-1. Jets are defined using the inclusive k_T algorithm. Single- and multi-differential cross sections are measured as functions of jet transverse energy E_T^jet and pseudorapidity ��^jet in the domain 5 < E_T^jet < 75 GeV and -1 < ��^jet < 2.5. The cross sections are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations corrected for fragmentation and underlying event effects. The cross section differential in E_T^jet, which varies by six orders of magnitude over the measured range, is compared with similar distributions from p pbar colliders at equal and higher energies., 34 pages, 9 figures and 7 tables
Published: 1993
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37. STORAGE OF PORCINE PANCREATIC DIGEST PRIOR TO ISLET PURIFICATION

Author: Peter R.F. Bell, Gavin S. M. Robertson, Roger F.L. James, Nicholas J.M. London, Scott Rose, H. H. Contractor, and D. R. Chadwick
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Adenosine, Swine, Allopurinol, Organ Preservation Solutions, Islets of Langerhans, chemistry.chemical_compound, Raffinose, Internal medicine, Centrifugation, Density Gradient, medicine, Acinar cell, Animals, Insulin, Centrifugation, Viaspan, Amylase, Bovine serum albumin, Pancreas, Transplantation, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chromatography, biology, Islet, Glutathione, Endocrinology, chemistry, biology.protein, Tissue Preservation
Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish the beneficial effect of storage of pancreatic digest in University of Wisconsin solution on porcine islet purification, the mechanism of this effect, and the components of UW responsible. Ten porcine pancreata were collagenase-digested, and samples of digest were washed and stored for 1 hr in either UW or minimum essential medium at 4 degrees C, prior to separation on continuous linear density gradients of bovine serum albumin. Samples of digest from a further ten pancreata were similarly treated, comparing storage in MEM, UW, and five solutions varying in lactobionate:chloride ratio and raffinose content. The purity of the islet preparations and the densities of islets and exocrine tissue were determined from insulin and amylase assay of aliquots aspirated from these gradients. Washing and storage of digest in UW markedly improved islet purity, compared with MEM, due to an increase in the density of exocrine tissue. Exocrine tissue density following storage was dependent upon the control of acinar cell volume, rather than exocrine enzyme discharge, and was determined primarily by the chloride:lactobionate ratio of the storage solution. Raffinose was of little additional benefit, while the beneficial effect of UW was greater than that due to its lactobionate and raffinose content alone. In conclusion, inadequate purification of islets results from exocrine tissue swelling. This swelling is reduced by storage of the pancreatic digest in UW solution, due primarily to the replacement of chloride by lactobionate in UW.
Published: 1993
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38. The optimization of large-scale density gradient isolation of human islets

Author: D. R. Chadwick, R. F. L. James, N. J. M. London, H. Contractor, and Gavin S. M. Robertson
Subjects: Continuous density, Materials science, Density gradient, Scale (ratio), Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cell Separation, General Medicine, Centrifugation, Zonal, Islets of Langerhans, Acceleration, Endocrinology, Volume (thermodynamics), Internal Medicine, Humans, Biological system, Spinning
Abstract: The use of the COBE 2991 cell processor (COBE Laboratories, Colorado) for large-scale islet purification using discontinuous density gradients has been widely adopted. It minimizes many of the problems such as wall effects, normally encountered during centrifugation, and avoids the vortexing at interfaces that occurs during acceleration and deceleration by allowing the gradient to be formed and the islet-containing interface to be collected while continuing to spin. We have produced cross-sectional profiles of the 2991 bag during spinning which allow the area of interfaces in such step gradients to be calculated. This allows the volumes of the gradient media layers loaded on the machine to be adjusted in order to maximize the area of the gradient interfaces. However, even using the maximal areas possible (144.5 cm2), clogging of tissue at such interfaces limits the volume of digest which can be separated on one gradient to 15 ml. We have shown that a linear continuous density gradient can be produced within the 2991 bag, that allows as much as 40 ml of digest to be successfully purified. Such a system combines the intrinsic advantages of the 2991 with those of continuous density gradients and provides the optimal method for density-dependent islet purification.
Published: 1993
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39. A search for leptoquarks, leptogluons and excited leptons in H1 at HERA

Author: C. Jacobsson, Leith Godfrey, M. Savitsky, Th. Wolff, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, I. R. Kenyon, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, E. Evrard, H. Spitzer, G. Siegmon, C. Zeitnitz, Dave Sankey, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, D.P. Johnson, R. Nisius, M. W. Krasny, J. Cvach, A. Courau, M. Colombo, Murrough Landon, J. V. Morris, Michel Devel, U. Kathage, J. Riedlberger, M. Vecko, T. Ahmed, M. Jaffre, W. Ko, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, C. A. Meyer, H. U. Martyn, B. Delcourt, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, A. E. Wright, F. Moreau, J. Hladký, J. D. Dowell, S. M. Robertson, Kerstin Borras, U. Stösslein, J. Garvey, A. Semenov, P. Baranov, R. J. Ellison, R. Bernet, A. Jacholkowska, F. W. Büsser, P. Goritchev, E. Gabathuler, C. Leverenz, A. M. Fomenko, W. Braunschweig, P. Fuhrmann, A. Lebedev, F. Charles, M. Rietz, I. Sheviakov, D. Haidt, Peter Schleper, O. Hamon, K. Gamerdinger, R. Sell, R. Herma, I. O. Skillicorn, S. J. McMahon, D. Neyret, L. Goerlich, Andrew Mehta, J. Moreels, G. Heinzelmann, F. Brasse, Leif J. Jönsson, D. Handschuh, H. Itterbeck, S. Peters, U. Krüger, M. Fleischer, U. Siewert, J-P. Meyer, H. Küster, S. Masson, U. Bassler, G. Cozzika, Marc Besancon, E. Barrelet, N. Huot, S. A. Murray, M. Zimmer, W. von Schlippe, A.S. Belousov, F. Eisele, T. Merz, Daniel Pitzl, J. Žáček, S. Dagoret, H. Lohmander, V. Milone, H. Krehbiel, K. Johannsen, J.P. Phillips, Stefan Valkar, M. Ibbotson, T. Jansen, P. Truöl, I. Tichomirov, Christophe Royon, M. Ruffer, Ch. Berger, S. Orenstein, T. R. Ebert, F. Raupach, P. I. P. Kalmus, S. Kasarian, J. Ferencei, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, G. Rädel, R. Felst, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, C. Trenkel, Hannes Jung, D. Gillespie, B. Kuznik, L. Büngener, Armen Vartapetian, C. Vallée, M. Eberle, Mario David, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, P. Závada, Ph. Huet, B. Naroska, G. Buschborn, J. M. Foster, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, H. Hufnagel, J. Ebert, Hermann Kolanoski, I. Herynek, D. Clarke, M. Korn, R. D. Appuhn, Ch. Pichler, S. Mani, Pavel Murin, D. Mercer, V. Brisson, John A Coughlan, A. Fedotov, G. Nowak, T. P. Yiou, C. Pascaud, H. Grässler, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, Peter Loch, Dusan Bruncko, Martin Erdmann, H. P. Beck, U. Obrock, Stephen Burke, H. Shooshtari, R. D. Martin, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, N. Wulff, D. Lüers, J. Haack, F. Ferrarotto, W. Pilgram, H. Genzel, M. Gennis, S. Kermiche, Ch. Ley, J. Tutas, J. D. Burger, P. Kasselmann, G. Thompson, R. Prosi, J. Duboc, B. Stella, N. Magnussen, H. Greif, C.D. Hilton, H. B. Dreis, N. Sahlmann, Pavel Staroba, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, S. J. Maxfield, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, M. Rudowicz, W. Flauger, R. Langkau, D. Düllmann, P. Biddulph, L. Del Buono, R. Ebbinghaus, A. De Roeck, P. Van Esch, E. Elsen, I. Abt, Richard E. Taylor, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, M. Goldberg, M. A. Jabiol, S. Eichenberger, G. Bertrand-Coremans, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, Mikhail Danilov, D. Lewin, V. Schröder, A. Drescher, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, L. Urban, Laurent Favart, H. Henschel, A. Wegner, H. Oberlack, Yves Sirois, A. Valkarova, H. H. Kaufmann, S. Egli, G. Weber, T. Kurča, H. Bärwolff, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, U. Straumann, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, C. Dollfus, L. Criegee, S. Levonian, R. Eichler, J. Martyniak, J. P. Kubenka, A. Usik, J. Lipinski, G. Franke, C. Thiebaux, A. B. Clegg, Vladimir Andreev, B. Fominykh, L.A. Womersley, G. W. Noyes, G. Flügge, I. W. Walker, K. Flamm, P. Schacht, R. Kaschowitz, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, A. Mavroidis, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, A. Walther, J. Stier, Ulrich Goerlach, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, W. Zimmermann, A. Gellrich, P. Verrecchia, H. Bergstein, S. D. Kolya, Th. Naumann, F. Ould-Saada, H. Duhm, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, E. Deffur, I.F. Fensome, P. Kostka, J. Gayler, J. F. Laporte, P. Ribarics, Y. Soloviev, E. Fretwurst, Tim Greenshaw, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, A. Lindner, R. Roosen, R. Marshall, P. Hill, J. Bán, J. Heatherington, Emmanuel Monnier, T. Köhler, Volker Blobel, C. Keuker, D. Newton, V. Efremenko, S. Mikocki, Nicolas Ellis, D. Schmidt, M. Seman, P. Lanius, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, V. Tchernyshov, E. Vogel, J. Turnau, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, J. Strachota, M. Steenbock, B. Andrieu, G. Bernardi, D. Krücker, K. C. Hoeger, V. Riech, M. Hapke, C. Schmidt, J. P. Sutton, U. Braun, R. Gerhards, P. E. Reimer, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, K. Rauschnabel, Wolfgang Lange, G. Grindhammer, P. Steffen, E. Binder, H. P. Wellisch, T. Carli, E. Sanchez, Peter Robmann, A. Bischoff, W. Hildesheim, R. C. W. Henderson, J. R. Smith, S. Willard, O. Dünger, M. Winde, J. P. Pharabod, L. Johnson, C. Kiesling, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, Richard Lander, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, E. Eisenhandler, P. Dingus, J. Martens, F. Kole, W.D. Dau, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, J. Feltesse, Max Klein, D. Feeken, P. A. Smirnov, and K. Meier
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Branching fraction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Elementary particle, HERA, Nuclear physics, Excited state, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Leptoquark, Neutrino, Lepton
Abstract: A direct search for new particles in the H1 experiment at HERA is presented for masses ranging from 35 GeV up to ∼ 250 GeV. The data sample of 24 nb −1 accumulated during the first year of operation was analysed for signatures of scalar and vector leptoquarks, leptogluons, excited electrons and excited neutrinos with flavours of the first generation. No evidence for the production of such particles was found in various possible decay channels. Rejection limits are derived.
Published: 1993
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40. Effect of Lodoxamide on in vitro and in vivo Conjunctival Immediate Hypersensitivity Responses in Rats

Author: S M Robertson, Lori K. Weimer, John M. Yanni, L S Lang, Joan M. Spellman, and R L Glaser
Subjects: Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Male, Administration, Topical, Immunology, Histamine Antagonists, In Vitro Techniques, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Histamine Release, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, In vivo, medicine, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, Nedocromil Sodium, Conjunctivitis, Allergic, Oxamic Acid, Lodoxamide, Cromolyn Sodium, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Mast cell, Allergic conjunctivitis, Rats, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Allergic response, Conjunctiva, Histamine, medicine.drug
Abstract: The antiallergic compound, lodoxamide, was evaluated for its abilities to attenuate a local allergic reaction in rat conjunctiva in vivo and to inhibit rat conjunctival mast cell mediator release in vitro. Topically applied lodoxamide (0.01, 0.10 and 1.0%, w/v) dose-dependently reduced the allergic response (23, 43 and 72%, respectively) in vivo. Lodoxamide was more effective than cromolyn sodium, N-acetyl aspartyl glutamic acid (Naaxia) and levocabastine, and 25 (7-200) times more potent than nedocromil sodium in direct comparisons. Addition of lodoxamide (10 micrograms/ml) to sensitized conjunctival tissue in vitro immediately prior to antigen challenge significantly reduced the amount of histamine released by the tissue. These data suggest that lodoxamide's in vivo anti-allergic activity in the conjunctiva is associated with its ability to prevent allergic mediator release from mast cells contained in this same tissue.
Published: 1993
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41. Observation of deep inelastic scattering at low x

Author: F. W. Büsser, W. Braunschweig, R. Sell, Grzegorz Nowak, G. Cozzika, C. Jacobsson, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, E. Malinovski, Stefan Valkar, Vincent Boudry, Jean-Francois Laporte, M. Kuhlen, G. Grindhammer, Hannes Jung, C. Vallée, U. Kathage, P. E. Reimer, P. S. Flower, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, E. Eisenhandler, P. Staroba, G. G. Winter, Vincent Hedberg, J. Turnau, G. Knies, Leif J. Jönsson, M. Steenbock, G. Bertrand-Coremans, P. Steffen, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, G. Thompson, F. Brasse, P. Hartz, R. J. Ellison, B. Andrieu, E. Barrelet, H. Lohmander, A. Wegner, H. P. Wellisch, R. Hedgecock, A. Gellrich, R. Kaschowitz, U. Bassler, J. Moreels, D. Düllmann, Ch. Berger, Karlheinz Meier, C. Trenkel, H. Shooshtari, J. Haack, I. O. Skillicorn, P. Zavada, M. Vecko, K. C. Hoeger, D. Handschuh, I. W. Walker, H. Krehbiel, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, R. Eichler, J. P. Kubenka, A. Buniatian, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, I. Herynek, K. Rybicki, H. Henschel, M. Gennis, Ch. Ley, Hans Peter Beck, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, Frank Raupach, M. Goldberg, H. B. Dreis, M. Colombo, V. Riech, U. Berthon, V. Milone, W.D. Dau, E. Evrard, G. W. Noyes, G. Lindström, P. Hill, J. Bán, C. Gruber, R. Roosen, Emmanuel Monnier, W. Flauger, T. Ahmed, Th. Wolff, Murrough Landon, F. Charles, N. Wulff, A. E. Wright, V. Korbel, I. Sheviakov, M. Hapke, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, Armen Vartapetian, P. Kasselmann, H. U. Martyn, Matthias Klein, R. C. W. Henderson, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, U. Krüger, Nicolas Ellis, H. Küster, W. Schmitz, B. Delcourt, R. Felst, G. Bushhorn, M. Eberle, I. R. Kenyon, V. Efremenko, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, U. Gensch, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, P. Baranov, Anton Babaev, C. Leverenz, J. Hladký, S. Eichenberger, H. K. Nguyen, O. Hamon, Jean-Arcady Meyer, H.T. Phillips, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, H. Spitzer, M. Schulz, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, J. D. Burger, S. Peters, C. Schmidt, J. Strachota, U. Braun, S. Mikocki, Peter Schleper, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, Stephen Maxfield, I.F. Fensome, Hermann Kolanoski, R. Prosi, T. R. Ebert, D. Clarke, R. Gerhards, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, A. Lindner, K. Rauschnabel, A. Usik, E. Binder, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, L. Del Buono, Marc Besancon, J. Gayler, Michel Devel, A.S. Belousov, Sergey Rusakov, S. Kermiche, V. Andreev, Volker Blobel, L.A. Womersley, F. Ould-Saada, E. Sanchez, Dusan Bruncko, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, B. Naroska, F. Ferrarotto, P. Truöl, A. Walther, H. Genzel, I. Tichomirov, John A Coughlan, Horst Oberlack, W. Zimmermann, Peter Robmann, M. Ruffer, S. A. Murray, T. Greenshaw, N. Magnussen, S. Orenstein, A. Fedotov, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, J.P. Phillips, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, H. Grässler, Rosario Martín, J. Ferencei, L. Criegee, H. Hufnagel, P. Van Esch, J. Sacton, N. Sahlmann, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, J. Ebert, O. Dünger, M. Ibbotson, Martin Erdmann, U. Obrock, J. M. Foster, J. Formánek, P. Biddulph, B. Kuznik, M. A. Jabiol, F. Niebergall, Ph. Huet, C.D. Hilton, M. Savitsky, Ch. Pichler, W. von Schlippe, G. Siegmon, C. A. Meyer, T. Merz, J. Cvach, F. Moreau, P. Fuhrmann, J. D. Dowell, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, A. Jacholkowska, Mikhail Danilov, S. D. Kolya, H. Steiner, L. Goerlich, A. Valkarova, D. Levin, J. Martyniak, C. Kiesling, Roland Bernet, S. Kasarian, B. Fominykh, J. Riedlberger, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, Eckhart Fretwurst, A. De Roeck, Mario David, G. Franke, Richard E. Taylor, R. Nisius, J. R. Smith, L. Urban, S. Mani, R. Herma, Stephen Burke, J. Duboc, B. Stella, T. Kurča, H. Greif, P. Goritchev, K. Gamerdinger, M. Rudowicz, J. Stier, Leith Godfrey, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, H. Bergstein, C. Zeitnitz, Th. Naumann, Dave Sankey, H. Duhm, E. Gabathuler, E. Deffur, J.M. Morton, P. Kostka, G. D. Patel, P. Ribarics, Y. Soloviev, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, David Schmidt, T. Carli, A. Lebedev, S. Egli, S. Masson, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, G. Heinzelmann, J.P. Sutton, J. V. Morris, D. Lüers, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, P. Verrecchia, V. Schröder, S. Levonian, H. H. Kaufmann, Eckhard Elsen, A. Mavroidis, P. I. P. Kalmus, Y. Feng, G. A. Beck, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, N. Huot, W. Hildesheim, S. Willard, M. Winde, L. Johnson, M. Fleischer, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, M. Arpagaus, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, J. Zacek, Christophe Royon, D. Gillespie, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, J. Tutas, D. Feeken, R. Langkau, Laurent Favart, C. Dollfus, E. Ryseck, Ulrich Goerlach, M. Korn, G. Weber, U. Straumann, P. Dingus, J. Heatherington, D. Newton, Daniel Pitzl, M. Seman, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, J. Martens, F. Kole, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Peter Loch, J. B. Dainton, W. Pilgram, Claire Bourdarios, J. Feltesse, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, P. A. Smirnov, F. Eisele, Steve McMahon, A. Drescher, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, and W. Bartel
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Proton, Neutral current, Scattering, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Elementary particle, Electron, HERA, Nuclear Experiment, Deep inelastic scattering
Abstract: Measurements of the scattered electron energy spectrum and the differential cross sections dσ/d log(x) and dσ/dQ2 for inclusive neutral current deep inelastic electron-proton scattering are presented. The data were obtained with the H1 detector at HERA during its first running period in which 26.7 GeV electrons collided with 820 GeV protons. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.3 nb−1 and allow the first studies of the structure of the proton at values of x down to 10−4 for Q2 > 5 GeV2.
Published: 1993
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42. Total photoproduction cross section measurement at HERA energies

Author: J. D. Burger, M. Colombo, R. Prosi, I.F. Fensome, P. S. Flower, Murrough Landon, A. Lindner, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, A. E. Wright, Max Klein, J. M. Foster, Volker Blobel, C. Kiesling, L. Del Buono, M. Savitsky, Leif J. Jönsson, K. C. Hoeger, J. Hladký, D. Schmidt, M. Nyberg, S. Levonian, S. Peters, H. Lohmander, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, P. Závada, V. Riech, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, H. Küster, W. Schmitz, J. Cvach, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, T. Ahmed, J.P. Phillips, E. Vogel, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, Anton Babaev, M. Hapke, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, R. Nisius, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, A. Usik, J. Strachota, Hannes Jung, P. Baranov, B. Kuznik, N. Magnussen, W. Hildesheim, Roland Bernet, N. Sahlmann, Ph. Huet, E. Eisenhandler, Ch. Pichler, Peter Schleper, G. Villet, S. Egli, S. Willard, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, E. Evrard, G. Franke, H. Grässler, H. Bergstein, J. Riedlberger, Th. Wolff, Stephen Maxfield, J. Harjes, S. M. Robertson, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, G. Siegmon, A. Buniatian, Pierre Marage, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, W. Bartel, S. D. Kolya, Th. Naumann, J. Turnau, P. Biddulph, Laurent Favart, P. Dingus, A. B. Clegg, Andrew Mehta, I. R. Kenyon, R. Gerhards, J. Martens, H. Spitzer, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, M. Steenbock, F. W. Büsser, Marc Besancon, A.S. Belousov, W. Braunschweig, C. Dollfus, P. Truöl, R. Roosen, A. Courau, M. Winde, B. Delcourt, Emmanuel Monnier, R. Sell, L. Johnson, Ulrich Goerlach, M. Korn, M. A. Jabiol, P. Staroba, I. W. Walker, J. Haack, F. Moreau, J. D. Dowell, P. Goritchev, H. Duhm, U. Siewert, I. Tichomirov, Grazyna Nowak, M. Zimmer, R. Herma, P. E. Reimer, T. Köhler, B. Andrieu, C. Leverenz, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, G. Weber, M. Ruffer, Jean-Francois Laporte, S. Orenstein, Michel Devel, I. O. Skillicorn, H. B. Dreis, A. Jacholkowska, S. Mani, M. Vecko, K. Gamerdinger, E. Barrelet, O. Hamon, U. Straumann, Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, J. Zacek, J. Ebert, A. Gellrich, G. G. Winter, H. Hufnagel, V. Efremenko, E. Deffur, U. Berthon, Frank Raupach, Armen Vartapetian, G. Grindhammer, H. Shooshtari, C. A. Meyer, J. Heatherington, P. Steffen, H. U. Martyn, S. Mikocki, J.M. Morton, N. Wulff, P. Kostka, P. Ribarics, Ch. Ley, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, John A Coughlan, P. Kasselmann, P. Fuhrmann, C.D. Hilton, G. Thompson, Ch. Berger, Horst Oberlack, Y. Soloviev, H. P. Wellisch, J. Duboc, B. Stella, D. Feeken, H. Greif, S. Kermiche, L. Goerlich, M. Rudowicz, C. Trenkel, D. Düllmann, Mikhail Danilov, H. Steiner, S. Eichenberger, Stephen Burke, U. Bassler, R. L. Lander, H. Bärwolff, Daniel Pitzl, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, L. Criegee, R. Kaschowitz, D. Levin, J. Martyniak, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, V. Milone, W.D. Dau, A. Mavroidis, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, F. Kole, E. Ryseck, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, B. Fominykh, Tim Greenshaw, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, R. Felst, P. I. P. Kalmus, M. Eberle, I. Herynek, J. Moreels, Eckhart Fretwurst, J-P. Meyer, Peter Loch, Hans Peter Beck, D. Newton, W. Pilgram, T. Merz, M. Ibbotson, C. Jacobsson, Steve McMahon, T. R. Ebert, M. Seman, S. Kasarian, P. Lanius, P. Hill, J. Bán, V. Tchernyshov, Mario David, A. Fedotov, A. Drescher, M. W. Krasny, Günter Flügge, T. P. Yiou, U. Kathage, E. Malinovski, M. Kuhlen, E. Gabathuler, Nicolas Ellis, Kerstin Borras, A. Semenov, F. Brasse, A. De Roeck, P. Hartz, R. J. Ellison, R. Hedgecock, C. Vallée, Richard E. Taylor, J.R. Smith, M. Gennis, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, L. Urban, H. Henschel, T. Kurča, J. Stier, J. Marks, Y. Vazdik, G. Bertrand-Coremans, A. Wegner, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, R. Eichler, J. P. Kubenka, G. W. Noyes, Peter Robmann, W. von Schlippe, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, F. Charles, Christophe Royon, I. Sheviakov, D. Gillespie, U. Krüger, B. Naroska, J. Sacton, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, J. Tutas, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, O. Dünger, R. Langkau, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, G. A. Beck, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, Dusan Bruncko, S. A. Murray, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, N. Huot, K. Rauschnabel, E. Binder, Martin Erdmann, H. Obrock, Rosario Martín, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, J. Ferencei, P. Van Esch, E. Elsen, E. Sanchez, A. Rostovtsev, Claus Kleinwort, L.A. Womersley, A. Valkarova, Vladimir Andreev, U. Gensch, A. Walther, F. Ould-Saada, C. Schmidt, U. Braun, W. Zimmermann, D. Handschuh, H. Krehbiel, D. Lüers, P. Verrecchia, G. Buschhorn, V. Schröder, H. H. Kaufmann, Leith Godfrey, H.T. Phillips, M. Schulz, J. Gayler, S. Masson, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, J. V. Morris, Y. Feng, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, A. Lebedev, M. Rietz, D. Haidt, G. Heinzelmann, M. Fleischer, J.P. Sutton, S. Valkar, C. Zeitnitz, Dave Sankey, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, T. Carli, R. C. W. Henderson, and J. Feltesse
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Photon, Hadron, Elementary particle, Electron, HERA, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Center of mass, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present first results on the total photoproduction cross section measurement with the H1 detector at HERA. The data were extracted from low Q2 collisions of 26.7 GeV electrons with 820 GeV protons. The γp total cross section has been measured by two independent methods in the γp center of mass energy range from 90 to 290 GeV. For an average center of mass energy of 195 GeV a value of σtot (γp) = 159 ± 7 (stat.) ± 20 (syst.) μb was obtained.
Published: 1993
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43. Making Freedom: The Underground Railroad and the Politics of Slavery

Author: S. M. Robertson
Subjects: History, Politics, History and Philosophy of Science, Underground Railroad, Law, Political science
Published: 2014
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44. Hard scattering in γp interactions

Author: Alan Campbell, E. M. Hanlon, G. G. Winter, T. Ahmed, G. Grindhammer, P. Steffen, P. Baranov, M. Jaffre, J. E. Olsson, J-P. Meyer, Peter Schleper, H. P. Wellisch, W. Bartel, C. Schmidt, U. Braun, F. W. Büsser, Marc Besancon, W. Braunschweig, Stephen Maxfield, W. von Schlippe, R. Sell, A. DeRoeck, T. Merz, U. Siewert, M. Zimmer, A.S. Belousov, W. Pilgram, P. Truöl, A. Buniatian, Jean-Francois Laporte, M. Ibbotson, M. Rüffer, P. Loch, I. Tichomirov, D. Wegener, W.J. Haynes, A. B. Clegg, B. Kuznik, Emmanuel Monnier, C. A. Meyer, R. Kaschowitz, K. C. Hoeger, Andrew Mehta, D. Handschuh, H. Krehbiel, Leif J. Jönsson, H. Lohmander, S. Kasarian, Frank Raupach, S. A. Murray, T. Köhler, M. W. Krasny, S. M. Robertson, I. R. Kenyon, H. Spitzer, H. U. Martyn, V. Riech, Ph. Huet, K. Rauschnabel, N. Wulff, Armen Vartapetian, Ch. Pichler, E. Binder, J. Riedlberger, Michel Devel, G. Thompson, V. Efremenko, H. Hufnagel, P. Kasselmann, P. VanEsch, M. Hapke, G. Buschhorn, P. Fuhrmann, P. Hill, J. Bán, S. Mikocki, E. Sanchez, D. Düllmann, E. Vogel, L. Goerlich, R. C. W. Henderson, C.D. Hilton, Kerstin Borras, Vincent Hedberg, G. Knies, S. Orenstein, Nicolas Ellis, H. J. Behrend, J.C. Bizot, M. Goldberg, Martin Erdmann, W. Zimmermann, U. Obrock, J. Moreels, A. Semenov, R. Gerhards, E. Malinovski, J. Ference, H. Steiner, G. Bertrand-Coremans, F. Niebergall, V. Korbel, R. Roosen, N. Magnussen, D. Levin, J. Martyniak, M. Kuhlen, D. Lüers, G. Cozzika, F. Eisele, J.P. Phillips, R. Bernet, Stefan Valkar, L. Criegee, N. Sahlmann, A. Usik, J. Ebert, J. Haack, B. Fominykh, R. Nisius, R. Prosi, F. Brasse, R. L. Lander, Peter Robmann, H. Shooshtari, S. Egli, P. Hartz, I. O. Skillicorn, Hannes Jung, H. B. Dreis, T. R. Ebert, H. Bärwolff, E. Barrelet, S. Rusakov, J. Formánek, P. Biddulph, M. A. Jabiol, J. Zacek, S. Mani, U. Berthon, P. Staroba, A. Wegner, Vladimir Andreev, D. Gillespie, M. Danilov, Ch. Ley, P. Verrecchia, A. Fedotov, Ch. Berger, H. P. Beck, Hermann Kolanoski, D. Clarke, Eckhart Fretwurst, Günter Flügge, Stephen Burke, T. P. Yiou, J. Turnau, D. P. C. Sankey, I. F. Fensome, U. Bassler, R. J. Ellison, I. W. Walker, E. Evrard, O. Dünger, C. Trenkel, M. Steenbock, G. A. Beck, R. Hedgecock, A. Leuschner, Christoph Grab, F. Zomer, A. M. Goodall, H. Ziaeepour, J. Kurzhöfer, B. Andrieu, M. Colombo, V. Milone, Murrough Landon, V. Nagovizin, A. W. E. Dann, W.D. Dau, John A Coughlan, A. Babayev, J. Hladky, R. Eichler, I. Herynek, Horst Oberlack, G. Siegmon, B. Delcourt, A. Lebedev, L. Delbuono, Grzegorz Nowak, C. Vallée, H. K. Nguyen, I. V. Gorelov, K. Müller, M. Schulz, J. Gayler, R. Grässler, Ch. Coutures, W. Struczinski, A. E. Wright, V. Schröder, R. Felst, Richard E. Taylor, M. Eberle, J. M. Foster, C. Leverenz, J. Duboc, B. Stella, S. Eichenberger, H. Greif, F. Ould-Saada, O. Hamon, J. P. Kubenka, M. Savitsky, L. A. Womersley, P. Zavada, M. Vecko, L. Urban, R. J. Thompson, Yves Sirois, U. Gensch, M. Rietz, H. Henschel, F. Moreau, H. H. Kaufmann, J. D. Dowell, M. Rudowicz, J. Cvach, T. Kurča, J. R. Smith, R. Marshall, Dirk Krücker, S. Peters, A. Jacholkowska, R. Herma, U. Kathage, M. Gennis, D. Haidt, Dusan Bruncko, G. Franke, E. Gabathuler, F. Ferrarotto, H. Genzel, G. Lindström, C. Gruber, W. Flauger, Leith Godfrey, A. Walther, M. Nyberg, J. Harjes, P. Goritchev, A. Valkarova, Rosario Martín, K. Gamerdinger, E. Elsen, J. Marks, H. Bergstein, A. Rostovtsev, S. D. Kolya, Claus Kleinwort, Th. Naumann, H. Duhm, F. Charles, I. Sheviakov, E. Deffur, U. Krüger, J.M. Morton, P. Kostka, P. Ribarics, Y. Soloviev, M. David, V I. Shekelyan, R. Haydar, P. C. Bosetti, K. Wacker, R. Steinberg, G. Heinzelmann, U. Lenhardt, S. Levonian, M. Fleischer, S. Kermiche, J.P. Sutton, J. Bürger, A. Mavroidis, H. Küster, P. I. P. Kalmus, S. Masson, C. Zeitnitz, G. D. Patel, H. Meyer, W. Scobel, D.P. Johnson, A. Gellrich, M. Th. Wolff, T. Carli, J. V. Morris, M. Forbush, A. Schwind, L. Smolik, U. Seehausen, K. Johannsen, Christophe Royon, Y. Feng, B. Naroska, C. Pascaud, Guenter Eckerlin, R. Vick, J. Tutas, R. Langkau, H. Grässler, J. Garvey, A. M. Fomenko, N. Huot, J. Feltesse, D. Feeken, Max Klein, C. Kiesling, P. A. Smirnov, K. Meier, J. Martens, F. Kole, M. Arpagaus, K. Rybicki, J. B. Dainton, Claire Bourdarios, W. Hildesheim, K. Stephens, E. Peppel, H. T. Phillips, E. Eisenhandler, S. Willard, P. Dingus, J. Vasdik, M. Winde, L. Johnson, Steve McMahon, Tim Greenshaw, J. Heatherington, Pavel Murin, V. Brisson, D. Newton, M. Seman, G. W. Noyes, P. Lanius, V. Tchernyshov, Laurent Favart, A. Drescher, C. Dollfus, Ulrich Goerlach, E. Ryseck, M. Korn, Daniel Pitzl, G. Weber, U. Straumann, Volker Blobel, D. Schmidt, S. K. Kotelnikov, L. Hajduk, Peter Schacht, G. C. Lopez, W. Schmitz, C. Jacobson, Gregorio Bernardi, V. Boudry, J. Strachota, Jean Sacton, G. Villet, Pierre Marage, A. Courau, and P. E. Reimer
Subjects: Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Scattering, Detector, HERA, Jet (particle physics), Spectral line, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider
Abstract: We report on the investigation of the final state in interactions of quasi-real photons with protons. The data were taken with the H1 detector at the HERA ep collider. Evidence for hard interactions is seen in both single particle spectra and jet formation. The data can best be described by inclusion of resolved photon processess as predicted by QCD.
Published: 1992
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45. Incidental adult nesidioblastosis after distal pancreatectomy for endocrine microadenoma

Author: Steven A. White, Peter N. Furness, Gavin S. M. Robertson, Christopher D. Sutton, and Ashley R. Dennison
Subjects: Adenoma, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Nesidioblastosis, Hypoglycemia, Gastroenterology, Pancreatectomy, Hyperinsulinism, Internal medicine, medicine, Hyperinsulinemia, Humans, Endocrine system, Postoperative Period, Insulinoma, Hepatology, business.industry, General surgery, Pancreatic Diseases, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Female, Distal pancreatectomy, Complication, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract: Persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (nesidioblastosis) presenting with hypoglycaemia is extremely rare in adults. The features are suggestive of an insulinoma with a vague presentation and delayed diagnosis. We describe a report of adult nesidioblastosis in association with a pancreatic endocrine microadenoma.
Published: 2000
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46. Effect of Catheter Material on the Incidence of Urethral Strictures

Author: J. T. Flynn, N. Everitt, Gavin S. M. Robertson, and P. R. Burton
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Latex, Urology, Urinary Bladder, In vitro cytotoxicity, Catheterization, Postoperative Complications, Urethra, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, In patient, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Urethral Stricture, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Prostate, Organ Size, Surgery, Catheter, medicine.anatomical_structure, Urinary Catheterization, business
Abstract: The aetiology of urethral strictures in patients catheterised for short periods at the time of surgery is the subject of some debate. The occurrence of epidemics of strictures associated with certain batches of latex catheters, and the demonstrable in vitro cytotoxicity of latex in general, have supported the suggestion that catheter material (and in particular latex) has an important role. We have looked retrospectively at 299 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate gland by 1 urologist, 135 of whom had a latex catheter and 164 a plastic one; 19 patients developed strictures over the next 12 months with no proven difference attributable to the catheter material. The study provides no evidence that the short-term use of latex catheters is associated with stricture formation.
Published: 1991
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47. Structured training and assessment in ERCP has become essential for the Calman era

Author: P S Veitch, G S M Robertson, and A. C. B. Wicks
Subjects: Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde, medicine.medical_specialty, Educational measurement, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Teaching, General surgery, Gastroenterology, Specialist registrar, medicine.disease, Occasional Viewpoint, Surgery, Endoscopy, Education, Medical, Graduate, Commentary, Humans, Medicine, Pancreatitis, Complication rate, Educational Measurement, business, Competence (human resources), Gastrointestinal endoscopy
Abstract: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is one of the most difficult endoscopic procedures to learn. It has a significant complication rate even when undertaken by experienced practitioners. During the procedure, patients have a right to expect a competent practitioner to be in charge as complications may result in cholangitis, bleeding, pancreatitis, duodenal and biliary perforation, and consequent death.1 However, in the United Kingdom, there are no guidelines either for the training required by these doctors or the assessment of proficiency. This issue has become increasingly important. The use of ERCP has increased with the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy2 3 and the minimal access management of gallstones.4 Developments such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are likely to reduce the number of purely diagnostic ERCPs needed, leaving only the more difficult therapeutic procedures to be done using this method. It has become increasingly obvious that competence in ERCP reduces complications,5 maximises therapeutic potential and reduces costs incurred in unsuccessful and repeated procedures. Finally, time available for ERCP training within the confines of specialist registrar training schemes has decreased. In the past, recommendations (mainly from the USA) have emphasised the number of procedures that a trainee needs to master in order to achieve competence. Often, these recommendations represent a pragmatic, consensus view of the number of procedures a trainee could realistically expect to perform under supervision, rather than the number actually needed to achieve a definitive level of success—for example, an 80% cannulation rate of the desired duct.6 A survey of the American College of Physicians suggests that 50 ERCPs are sufficient7 and guidelines from American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) propose that 35 ERCPs are enough.8 In practice, it seems that as the number of endoscopic procedures performed by trainees increase,9 10there is a …
Published: 1999
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48. Positive dimensions of mental health

Author: S. H. Zarit and S. M. Robertson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Mental Disorders, Psychological intervention, macromolecular substances, Pun, Mental health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Affect, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Meaning (existential), Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pshychiatric Mental Health, Psychiatry, Psychology, Gerontology, Social psychology, psychological phenomena and processes, media_common
Abstract: Several papers in this issue address positive experiences in aging and the measurement and meaning of positive emotions. With no pun intended, this is a positive development for the field. For a lo...
Published: 2006

49. Palliation of oesophageal carcinoma using the argon beam coagulator

Author: M. Thomas, A.R. Dennison, J. Jamieson, Gavin S. M. Robertson, and Peter S. Veitch
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Palliative care, Esophageal Neoplasms, Endoscope, medicine.medical_treatment, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Intubation, Esophagus, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Laser Coagulation, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Esophageal disease, Palliative Care, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Ablation, Endoscopy, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Deglutition Disorders, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Oesophageal intubation occasionally fails to palliate inoperable carcinoma: some tumours are unsuitable for this procedure and others overgrow the tube. This study reports a series of nine patients (median age 79 (range 55–87) years) in whom the argon beam monopolar coagulator via a flexible endoscopic probe was used to ablate such tumours. Fourteen ablation procedures were performed. The endoscope was passed to the stomach at the end of each procedure. There were no complications; the median hospital stay was 2 (range 1–13) days. Thirteen procedures rendered the patients completely asymptomatic for a median of 6 (range 4–12) weeks. Six patients died a median of 14 (range 4–38) weeks after the first ablation, reflecting their limited life expectancy. The argon beam coagulator provides an effective alternative to laser ablation, being considerably cheaper and safer, while maintaining the minimally invasive nature of the palliation.
Published: 1996
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50. Rural relocation and clinical psychology referrals

Author: V E, Freir, D F, Peck, and S M, Robertson
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Urban Population, Population Dynamics, Psychology, Clinical, Social Support, Rural Health, Middle Aged, England, Scotland, Humans, Female, Health Services Research, Referral and Consultation, Stress, Psychological
Published: 2003

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