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1. Identification of microplastics from urban informal solid waste landfill soil; MP associations with COD and chloride

Author: S. Mahesh, Nisarga K. Gowda, and Sahana Mahesh
Subjects: cod and chloride associations with mps, eds, landfill, ldpe, microplastics, sem, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract: Microplastics (MPs) are an issue of prime environmental concern globally. The abundance of MP particles in the informal open solid waste landfill soil was evaluated showing 180–1120 MP particles per kg of soil. Moisture content (MC), electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the MP-contaminated soil compared to the baseline showed 2.96% MC, 187–441 μS/cm EC and 6.94 pH. Morphology of extracted MPs in SEM showed particle fragmentation as film fragments (13.7%), fragments (56.1%), fibres (26.4%) and foam (3.8%). EDS results showed Carbon 71.8% and 24.5% oxygen with traces of Na, Al, Si and Cl−. FTIR of field obtained MPs identified were polyethylene and polypropylene. The association of MP particles with COD and chloride was discovered. MP particles of Low-density Polyethylene of size of 1 mm × 1 mm and thickness 25 μm up to 20 numbers showed no effect adding to the COD values. The COD values increased with increase in MP particle numbers. Similarly, chloride associations with MP particles showed an increase in MP particles reducing chloride values by 31% in landfill runoff water. It is interpreted that MP particle disintegration into nano-sized plastics (NPs) in the soil/runoff water can greatly increase the COD values and impair the salt mass balance. HIGHLIGHTS Municipal urban informal landfill soil was evaluated for abundance of MP particles.; The associated environmental parameters like pH, EC, TDS were evaluated.; SEM, EDS, FT-IR were used to understand the analytics and morphology of the extracted MPs.; MP associations with COD and chloride are established for the first time.;
Published: 2023
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2. GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the Second Part of the Third Observing Run

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, S. Akcay, T. Akutsu, S. Albanesi, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, T. Andrić, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, Koji Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, M. Arogeti, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, R. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, L. D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. Brandt, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, J. Bryant, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, G. S. Cabourn Davies, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, J. D. Callaghan, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. Cameron, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, S. Canevarolo, M. Cannavacciuolo, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, Z. Cao, E. Capocasa, E. Capote, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, J. B. Carlin, M. F. Carney, M. Carpinelli, G. Carrillo, G. Carullo, T. L. Carver, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, G. Castaldi, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, M. Ceasar, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya, E. Champion, C.-H. Chan, C. Chan, C. L. Chan, K. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chandra, P. Chanial, S. Chao, C. E. A. Chapman-Bird, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, C. Chatterjee, Debarati Chatterjee, Deep Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, S. Chaty, K. Chatziioannou, C. Chen, H. Y. Chen, J. Chen, K. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-B. Chen, Y.-R. Chen, Z. Chen, H. Cheng, C. K. Cheong, H. Y. Cheung, H. Y. Chia, F. Chiadini, C-Y. Chiang, G. Chiarini, R. Chierici, A. Chincarini, M. L. Chiofalo, A. Chiummo, G. Cho, H. S. Cho, R. K. Choudhary, S. Choudhary, N. Christensen, H. Chu, Q. Chu, Y-K. Chu, S. Chua, K. W. Chung, G. Ciani, P. Ciecielag, M. Cieślar, M. Cifaldi, A. A. Ciobanu, R. Ciolfi, F. Cipriano, A. Cirone, F. Clara, E. N. Clark, J. A. Clark, L. Clarke, P. Clearwater, S. Clesse, F. Cleva, E. Coccia, E. Codazzo, P.-F. Cohadon, D. E. Cohen, L. Cohen, M. Colleoni, C. G. Collette, A. Colombo, M. Colpi, C. M. Compton, M. Constancio, Jr., L. Conti, S. J. Cooper, P. Corban, T. R. Corbitt, I. Cordero-Carrión, S. Corezzi, K. R. Corley, N. Cornish, D. Corre, A. Corsi, S. Cortese, C. A. Costa, R. Cotesta, M. W. Coughlin, J.-P. Coulon, S. T. Countryman, B. Cousins, P. Couvares, D. M. Coward, M. J. Cowart, D. C. Coyne, R. Coyne, J. D. E. Creighton, T. D. Creighton, A. W. Criswell, M. Croquette, S. G. Crowder, J. R. Cudell, T. J. Cullen, A. Cumming, R. Cummings, L. Cunningham, E. Cuoco, M. Curyło, P. Dabadie, T. Dal Canton, S. Dall’Osso, G. Dálya, A. Dana, L. M. DaneshgaranBajastani, B. D’Angelo, B. Danila, S. Danilishin, S. D’Antonio, K. Danzmann, C. Darsow-Fromm, A. Dasgupta, L. E. H. Datrier, V. Dattilo, I. Dave, M. Davier, D. Davis, M. C. Davis, E. J. Daw, P. F. de Alarcón, R. Dean, D. DeBra, M. Deenadayalan, J. Degallaix, M. De Laurentis, S. Deléglise, V. Del Favero, F. De Lillo, N. De Lillo, W. Del Pozzo, L. M. DeMarchi, F. De Matteis, V. D’Emilio, N. Demos, T. Dent, A. Depasse, R. De Pietri, R. De Rosa, C. De Rossi, R. DeSalvo, R. De Simone, S. Dhurandhar, M. C. Díaz, M. Diaz-Ortiz, Jr., N. A. Didio, T. Dietrich, L. Di Fiore, C. Di Fronzo, C. Di Giorgio, F. Di Giovanni, M. Di Giovanni, T. Di Girolamo, A. Di Lieto, B. Ding, S. Di Pace, I. Di Palma, F. Di Renzo, A. K. Divakarla, A. Dmitriev, Z. Doctor, L. D’Onofrio, F. Donovan, K. L. Dooley, S. Doravari, I. Dorrington, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Y. Drori, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, O. Durante, D. D’Urso, P.-A. Duverne, S. E. Dwyer, C. Eassa, P. J. Easter, M. Ebersold, T. Eckhardt, G. Eddolls, B. Edelman, T. B. Edo, O. Edy, A. Effler, S. Eguchi, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, A. Ejlli, E. Engelby, Y. Enomoto, L. Errico, R. C. Essick, H. Estellés, D. Estevez, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, B. E. Ewing, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, A. M. Farah, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, N. W. Farrow, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, G. Favaro, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, E. Fenyvesi, D. L. Ferguson, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, T. A. Ferreira, F. Fidecaro, P. Figura, I. Fiori, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, R. Fittipaldi, V. Fiumara, R. Flaminio, E. Floden, H. Fong, J. A. Font, B. Fornal, P. W. F. Forsyth, A. Franke, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, C. Frederick, J. P. Freed, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, G. G. Fronzé, Y. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, M. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, W. E. Gabella, B. U. Gadre, J. R. Gair, J. Gais, S. Galaudage, R. Gamba, D. Ganapathy, A. Ganguly, D. Gao, S. G. Gaonkar, B. Garaventa, F. García, C. García-Núñez, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, V. Gayathri, G.-G. Ge, G. Gemme, A. Gennai, J. George, R. N. George, O. Gerberding, L. Gergely, P. Gewecke, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, Shaon Ghosh, Shrobana Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, L. Giacoppo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, D. R. Gibson, C. Gier, M. Giesler, P. Giri, F. Gissi, J. Glanzer, A. E. Gleckl, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, N. Gohlke, J. Golomb, B. Goncharov, G. González, A. Gopakumar, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, D. W. Gould, B. Grace, A. Grado, M. Granata, V. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, A. M. Gretarsson, E. M. Gretarsson, D. Griffith, W. Griffiths, H. L. Griggs, G. Grignani, A. Grimaldi, S. J. Grimm, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, D. Guerra, G. M. Guidi, A. R. Guimaraes, G. Guixé, H. K. Gulati, H.-K. Guo, Y. Guo, Anchal Gupta, Anuradha Gupta, P. Gupta, E. K. Gustafson, R. Gustafson, F. Guzman, S. Ha, L. Haegel, A. Hagiwara, S. Haino, O. Halim, E. D. Hall, E. Z. Hamilton, G. Hammond, W.-B. Han, M. Haney, J. Hanks, C. Hanna, M. D. Hannam, O. Hannuksela, H. Hansen, T. J. Hansen, J. Hanson, T. Harder, T. Hardwick, K. Haris, J. Harms, G. M. Harry, I. W. Harry, D. Hartwig, K. Hasegawa, B. Haskell, R. K. Hasskew, C.-J. Haster, K. Hattori, K. Haughian, H. Hayakawa, K. Hayama, F. J. Hayes, J. Healy, A. Heidmann, A. Heidt, M. C. Heintze, J. Heinze, J. Heinzel, H. Heitmann, F. Hellman, P. Hello, A. F. Helmling-Cornell, G. Hemming, M. Hendry, I. S. Heng, E. Hennes, J. Hennig, M. H. Hennig, A. G. Hernandez, F. Hernandez Vivanco, M. Heurs, S. Hild, P. Hill, Y. Himemoto, A. S. Hines, Y. Hiranuma, N. Hirata, E. Hirose, S. Hochheim, D. Hofman, J. N. Hohmann, D. G. Holcomb, N. A. Holland, K. Holley-Bockelmann, I. J. Hollows, Z. J. Holmes, K. Holt, D. E. Holz, Z. Hong, P. Hopkins, J. Hough, S. Hourihane, E. J. Howell, C. G. Hoy, D. Hoyland, A. Hreibi, B-H. Hsieh, Y. Hsu, G-Z. Huang, H-Y. Huang, P. Huang, Y-C. Huang, Y.-J. Huang, Y. Huang, M. T. Hübner, A. D. Huddart, B. Hughey, D. C. Y. Hui, V. Hui, S. Husa, S. H. Huttner, R. Huxford, T. Huynh-Dinh, S. Ide, B. Idzkowski, A. Iess, B. Ikenoue, S. Imam, K. Inayoshi, C. Ingram, Y. Inoue, K. Ioka, M. Isi, K. Isleif, K. Ito, Y. Itoh, B. R. Iyer, K. Izumi, V. JaberianHamedan, T. Jacqmin, S. J. Jadhav, S. P. Jadhav, A. L. James, A. Z. Jan, K. Jani, J. Janquart, K. Janssens, N. N. Janthalur, P. Jaranowski, D. Jariwala, R. Jaume, A. C. Jenkins, K. Jenner, C. Jeon, M. Jeunon, W. Jia, H.-B. Jin, G. R. Johns, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel, A. W. Jones, D. I. Jones, J. D. Jones, P. Jones, R. Jones, R. J. G. Jonker, L. Ju, P. Jung, K. Jung, J. Junker, V. Juste, K. Kaihotsu, T. Kajita, M. Kakizaki, C. V. Kalaghatgi, V. Kalogera, B. Kamai, M. Kamiizumi, N. Kanda, S. Kandhasamy, G. Kang, J. B. Kanner, Y. Kao, S. J. Kapadia, D. P. Kapasi, S. Karat, C. Karathanasis, S. Karki, R. Kashyap, M. Kasprzack, W. Kastaun, S. Katsanevas, E. Katsavounidis, W. Katzman, T. Kaur, K. Kawabe, K. Kawaguchi, N. Kawai, T. Kawasaki, F. Kéfélian, D. Keitel, J. S. Key, S. Khadka, F. Y. Khalili, S. Khan, E. A. Khazanov, N. Khetan, M. Khursheed, N. Kijbunchoo, C. Kim, J. C. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, W. S. Kim, Y.-M. Kim, C. Kimball, N. Kimura, M. Kinley-Hanlon, R. Kirchhoff, J. S. Kissel, N. Kita, H. Kitazawa, L. Kleybolte, S. Klimenko, A. M. Knee, T. D. Knowles, E. Knyazev, P. Koch, G. Koekoek, Y. Kojima, K. Kokeyama, S. Koley, P. Kolitsidou, M. Kolstein, K. Komori, V. Kondrashov, A. K. H. Kong, A. Kontos, N. Koper, M. Korobko, K. Kotake, M. Kovalam, D. B. Kozak, C. Kozakai, R. Kozu, V. Kringel, N. V. Krishnendu, A. Królak, G. Kuehn, F. Kuei, P. Kuijer, S. Kulkarni, A. Kumar, P. Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, J. Kume, K. Kuns, C. Kuo, H-S. Kuo, Y. Kuromiya, S. Kuroyanagi, K. Kusayanagi, S. Kuwahara, K. Kwak, P. Lagabbe, D. Laghi, E. Lalande, T. L. Lam, A. Lamberts, M. Landry, B. B. Lane, R. N. Lang, J. Lange, B. Lantz, I. La Rosa, A. Lartaux-Vollard, P. D. Lasky, M. Laxen, A. Lazzarini, C. Lazzaro, P. Leaci, S. Leavey, Y. K. Lecoeuche, H. K. Lee, H. M. Lee, H. W. Lee, J. Lee, K. Lee, R. Lee, J. Lehmann, A. Lemaître, M. Leonardi, N. Leroy, N. Letendre, C. Levesque, Y. Levin, J. N. Leviton, K. Leyde, A. K. Y. Li, B. Li, J. Li, K. L. Li, T. G. F. Li, X. Li, C-Y. Lin, F-K. Lin, F-L. Lin, H. L. Lin, L. C.-C. Lin, F. Linde, S. D. Linker, J. N. Linley, T. B. Littenberg, G. C. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liu, X. Liu, F. Llamas, M. Llorens-Monteagudo, R. K. L. Lo, A. Lockwood, M. Loh, L. T. London, A. Longo, D. Lopez, M. Lopez Portilla, M. Lorenzini, V. Loriette, M. Lormand, G. Losurdo, T. P. Lott, J. D. Lough, C. O. Lousto, G. Lovelace, J. F. Lucaccioni, H. Lück, D. Lumaca, A. P. Lundgren, L.-W. Luo, J. E. Lynam, R. Macas, M. MacInnis, D. M. Macleod, I. A. O. MacMillan, A. Macquet, I. Magaña Hernandez, C. Magazzù, R. M. Magee, R. Maggiore, M. Magnozzi, S. Mahesh, E. Majorana, C. Makarem, I. Maksimovic, S. Maliakal, A. Malik, N. Man, V. Mandic, V. Mangano, J. L. Mango, G. L. Mansell, M. Manske, M. Mantovani, M. Mapelli, F. Marchesoni, M. Marchio, F. Marion, Z. Mark, S. Márka, Z. Márka, C. Markakis, A. S. Markosyan, A. Markowitz, E. Maros, A. Marquina, S. Marsat, F. Martelli, I. W. Martin, R. M. Martin, M. Martinez, V. A. Martinez, V. Martinez, K. Martinovic, D. V. Martynov, E. J. Marx, H. Masalehdan, K. Mason, E. Massera, A. Masserot, T. J. Massinger, M. Masso-Reid, S. Mastrogiovanni, A. Matas, M. Mateu-Lucena, F. Matichard, M. Matiushechkina, N. Mavalvala, J. J. McCann, R. McCarthy, D. E. McClelland, P. K. McClincy, S. McCormick, L. McCuller, G. I. McGhee, S. C. McGuire, C. McIsaac, J. McIver, T. McRae, S. T. McWilliams, D. Meacher, M. Mehmet, A. K. Mehta, Q. Meijer, A. Melatos, D. A. Melchor, G. Mendell, A. Menendez-Vazquez, C. S. Menoni, R. A. Mercer, L. Mereni, K. Merfeld, E. L. Merilh, J. D. Merritt, M. Merzougui, S. Meshkov, C. Messenger, C. Messick, P. M. Meyers, F. Meylahn, A. Mhaske, A. Miani, H. Miao, I. Michaloliakos, C. Michel, Y. Michimura, H. Middleton, L. Milano, A. L. Miller, A. Miller, B. Miller, M. Millhouse, J. C. Mills, E. Milotti, O. Minazzoli, Y. Minenkov, N. Mio, Ll. M. Mir, M. Miravet-Tenés, C. Mishra, T. Mishra, T. Mistry, S. Mitra, V. P. Mitrofanov, G. Mitselmakher, R. Mittleman, O. Miyakawa, A. Miyamoto, Y. Miyazaki, K. Miyo, S. Miyoki, Geoffrey Mo, L. M. Modafferi, E. Moguel, K. Mogushi, S. R. P. Mohapatra, S. R. Mohite, I. Molina, M. Molina-Ruiz, M. Mondin, M. Montani, C. J. Moore, D. Moraru, F. Morawski, A. More, C. Moreno, G. Moreno, Y. Mori, S. Morisaki, Y. Moriwaki, G. Morrás, B. Mours, C. M. Mow-Lowry, S. Mozzon, F. Muciaccia, Arunava Mukherjee, D. Mukherjee, Soma Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, Suvodip Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. Muñiz, P. G. Murray, R. Musenich, S. Muusse, S. L. Nadji, K. Nagano, S. Nagano, A. Nagar, K. Nakamura, H. Nakano, M. Nakano, R. Nakashima, Y. Nakayama, V. Napolano, I. Nardecchia, T. Narikawa, L. Naticchioni, B. Nayak, R. K. Nayak, R. Negishi, B. F. Neil, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery, P. Neubauer, A. Neunzert, K. Y. Ng, S. W. S. Ng, C. Nguyen, P. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, L. Nguyen Quynh, W.-T. Ni, S. A. Nichols, A. Nishizawa, S. Nissanke, E. Nitoglia, F. Nocera, M. Norman, C. North, S. Nozaki, J. F. Nuño Siles, L. K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, B. D. O’Brien, Y. Obuchi, J. O’Dell, E. Oelker, W. Ogaki, G. Oganesyan, J. J. Oh, K. Oh, S. H. Oh, M. Ohashi, N. Ohishi, M. Ohkawa, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M. A. Okada, Y. Okutani, K. Okutomi, C. Olivetto, K. Oohara, C. Ooi, R. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. G. Ormiston, N. D. Ormsby, L. F. Ortega, R. O’Shaughnessy, E. O’Shea, S. Oshino, S. Ossokine, C. Osthelder, S. Otabe, D. J. Ottaway, H. Overmier, A. E. Pace, G. Pagano, M. A. Page, G. Pagliaroli, A. Pai, S. A. Pai, J. R. Palamos, O. Palashov, C. Palomba, H. Pan, K. Pan, P. K. Panda, H. Pang, P. T. H. Pang, C. Pankow, F. Pannarale, B. C. Pant, F. H. Panther, F. Paoletti, A. Paoli, A. Paolone, A. Parisi, H. Park, J. Park, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patel, M. Pathak, B. Patricelli, A. S. Patron, S. Paul, E. Payne, M. Pedraza, M. Pegoraro, A. Pele, F. E. Peña Arellano, S. Penn, A. Perego, A. Pereira, T. Pereira, C. J. Perez, C. Périgois, C. C. Perkins, A. Perreca, S. Perriès, J. Petermann, D. Petterson, H. P. Pfeiffer, K. A. Pham, K. S. Phukon, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, M. Piendibene, F. Piergiovanni, L. Pierini, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, M. Pillas, F. Pilo, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pinto, B. Piotrzkowski, K. Piotrzkowski, M. Pirello, M. D. Pitkin, E. Placidi, L. Planas, W. Plastino, C. Pluchar, R. Poggiani, E. Polini, D. Y. T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, R. Poulton, J. Powell, M. Pracchia, T. Pradier, A. K. Prajapati, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, M. Principe, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, P. Prosposito, L. Prudenzi, A. Puecher, M. Punturo, F. Puosi, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, R. Quitzow-James, N. Qutob, F. J. Raab, G. Raaijmakers, H. Radkins, N. Radulesco, P. Raffai, S. X. Rail, S. Raja, C. Rajan, K. E. Ramirez, T. D. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, J. Rana, P. Rapagnani, U. D. Rapol, A. Ray, V. Raymond, N. Raza, M. Razzano, J. Read, L. A. Rees, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, S. W. Reid, D. H. Reitze, P. Relton, A. Renzini, P. Rettegno, A. Reza, M. Rezac, F. Ricci, D. Richards, J. W. Richardson, L. Richardson, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, S. Rinaldi, K. Rink, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, S. Rodriguez, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, A. Romero-Rodríguez, I. M. Romero-Shaw, J. H. Romie, S. Ronchini, L. 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Shcheblanov, S. Shibagaki, M. Shikauchi, R. Shimizu, T. Shimoda, K. Shimode, H. Shinkai, T. Shishido, A. Shoda, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, S. ShyamSundar, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, L. P. Singer, D. Singh, N. Singh, A. Singha, A. M. Sintes, V. Sipala, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. Smetana, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, J. Soldateschi, S. N. Somala, K. Somiya, E. J. Son, K. Soni, S. Soni, V. Sordini, F. Sorrentino, N. Sorrentino, H. Sotani, R. Soulard, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, V. Spagnuolo, A. P. Spencer, M. Spera, R. Srinivasan, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, D. A. Steer, J. Steinhoff, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, S. P. Stevenson, D. J. Stops, M. Stover, K. A. Strain, L. C. Strang, G. Stratta, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, S. Sudhagar, V. Sudhir, R. Sugimoto, H. G. Suh, A. G. Sullivan, J. M. Sullivan, T. Z. Summerscales, H. Sun, L. Sun, S. Sunil, A. Sur, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, Takamasa Suzuki, Toshikazu Suzuki, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, P. Szewczyk, M. Tacca, H. Tagoshi, S. C. Tait, H. Takahashi, R. Takahashi, A. Takamori, S. Takano, H. Takeda, M. Takeda, C. J. Talbot, C. Talbot, H. Tanaka, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Kenta Tanaka, Taiki Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, A. J. Tanasijczuk, S. Tanioka, D. B. Tanner, D. Tao, L. Tao, E. N. Tapia San Martín, C. Taranto, J. D. Tasson, S. Telada, R. Tenorio, J. E. Terhune, L. Terkowski, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, L. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, J. E. Thompson, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, A. M. Toivonen, K. Toland, A. E. Tolley, T. Tomaru, Y. Tomigami, T. Tomura, M. Tonelli, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, I. Tosta e Melo, D. Töyrä, A. Trapananti, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Trevor, M. C. Tringali, A. Tripathee, L. Troiano, A. Trovato, L. Trozzo, R. J. Trudeau, D. S. Tsai, D. Tsai, K. W. Tsang, T. Tsang, J-S. Tsao, M. Tse, R. Tso, K. Tsubono, S. Tsuchida, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, T. Tsutsui, T. Tsuzuki, K. Turbang, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, A. S. Ubhi, N. Uchikata, T. Uchiyama, R. P. Udall, A. Ueda, T. Uehara, K. Ueno, G. Ueshima, C. S. Unnikrishnan, F. Uraguchi, A. L. Urban, T. Ushiba, A. Utina, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, A. Vajpeyi, G. Valdes, M. Valentini, V. Valsan, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, J. Vanosky, M. H. P. M. van Putten, N. van Remortel, M. Vardaro, A. F. Vargas, V. Varma, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, J. Venneberg, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, P. Verma, Y. Verma, D. Veske, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, S. Vidyant, A. D. Viets, A. Vijaykumar, V. Villa-Ortega, J.-Y. Vinet, A. Virtuoso, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, E. R. G. von Reis, J. S. A. von Wrangel, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, K. J. Wagner, R. C. Walet, M. Walker, G. S. Wallace, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, J. Wang, J. Z. Wang, W. H. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, T. Washimi, N. Y. Washington, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, S. A. Webster, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, C. M. Weller, R. A. Weller, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, P. Weßels, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Wilken, D. Williams, M. J. Williams, N. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, D. J. Wilson, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, T. Wlodarczyk, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, I. C. F. Wong, C. Wu, D. S. Wu, H. Wu, S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, W-R. Xu, T. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kohei Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamashita, R. Yamazaki, F. W. Yang, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, A. B. Yelikar, M. Ying, K. Yokogawa, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, J. Yoo, T. Yoshioka, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, A Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, M. Zhan, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Yue Zhao, Y. Zheng, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, Y. Zlochower, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) describes signals detected with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo up to the end of their third observing run. Updating the previous GWTC-2.1, we present candidate gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences during the second half of the third observing run (O3b) between 1 November 2019, 15∶00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and 27 March 2020, 17∶00 UTC. There are 35 compact binary coalescence candidates identified by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical origin p_{astro}>0.5. Of these, 18 were previously reported as low-latency public alerts, and 17 are reported here for the first time. Based upon estimates for the component masses, our O3b candidates with p_{astro}>0.5 are consistent with gravitational-wave signals from binary black holes or neutron-star–black-hole binaries, and we identify none from binary neutron stars. However, from the gravitational-wave data alone, we are not able to measure matter effects that distinguish whether the binary components are neutron stars or black holes. The range of inferred component masses is similar to that found with previous catalogs, but the O3b candidates include the first confident observations of neutron-star–black-hole binaries. Including the 35 candidates from O3b in addition to those from GWTC-2.1, GWTC-3 contains 90 candidates found by our analysis with p_{astro}>0.5 across the first three observing runs. These observations of compact binary coalescences present an unprecedented view of the properties of black holes and neutron stars.
Published: 2023
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3. Ayurvedic hospital wastewater degradation using electrochemical treatment

Author: S. Mahesh, K. S. Shivaprasad, and Mahesh Sanjana
Subjects: cod, ecc, electrode, oil and grease, sludge-edx, water reclamation, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract: The goal of this research was to remove COD, oil and grease (O&G) and color from raw ayurvedic hospital wastewater (AHWW) using a novel electrochemical coagulation (ECC) process. Cell voltage was initially optimized using iron electrodes in bipolar mode for both raw AHWW and ayurvedic hospital therapy room wastewater (AH-TRWW) for a pre-optimized electrolysis time (ET) of 60 min. O&G, COD and color removals for AHWW at 8 V optimized cell voltage were 96, 61 and 96% respectively. Different electrode materials, copper, aluminum, graphite, were used to evaluate relative performances at 8 V. Iron electrodes showed maximum pollutant removal from raw AHWW. The sludge obtained after the ECC process showed good settling and filterability properties compared to graphite and aluminum electrodes. The low SVI value of 146 mL/g was obtained exercising absolute control on sludge volume. Solids flux values showed assurances of compact settling tank design with least spatial footprint. EDX analysis for ECC sludge of AHWW using iron showed gross elements 40.19% C, 48.63% O and 7.92% Fe redefining the fate of sludge. The XRD pattern of the ECC sludge showed an amorphous nature. Post-ECC filtration effluent showed clear water reclamation of 80–82%, proving the effectiveness of the novel ECC treatment process. HIGHLIGHTS Electrochemical coagulation of real ayurvedic hospital wastewater.; Lowest HRT is achieved for maximum pollutant/contaminants removal.; Water reclamation is possible using an ECC process.; ECC reduces spatial and energy footprint;
Published: 2022
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4. Assessment of Hydrostatic Stress and Thermo Piezoelectricity in a Laminated Multilayered Rotating Hollow Cylinder

Author: S. Mahesh, R. Selvamani, and F. Ebrahami
Subjects: initial hydrostatic stress, thermoelasticity, longitudinal waves, bessel function, Mechanics of engineering. Applied mechanics, TA349-359
Abstract: In this paper, we built a mathematical model to study the influence of the initial stress on the propagation of waves in a hollow infinite multilayered composite cylinder. The elastic cylinder assumed to be made of inner and outer thermo piezoelectric layer bonded together with Linear Elastic Material with Voids (LEMV) layer. The model described by the equations of elasticity, the effect of the initial stress and the framework of linearized, three-dimensional theory of thermo elasticity. The displacement components obtained by founding the analytical solutions of the motion’s equations. The frequency equations that include the interaction between the composite hollow cylinders are obtained by the perfect-slip boundary conditions using the Bessel function solutions. The numerical calculations carried out for the material PZT-5A and the computed non-dimensional frequency against various parameters are plotted as the dispersion curve by comparing LEMV with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). From the graph, it is clear that those are analyzed in the presence of hydrostatic stress is compression and tension.
Published: 2021
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5. Population of Merging Compact Binaries Inferred Using Gravitational Waves through GWTC-3

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, P. F. de Alarcón, S. Akcay, S. Albanesi, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, T. Andrić, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, F. Antonini, S. Appert, Koji Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, M. Arogeti, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, L. D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. Brandt, J. E. Brau, M. 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Mukherjee, Soma Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, Suvodip Mukherjee, N. Mukund, A. Mullavey, J. Munch, E. A. Muñiz, P. G. Murray, R. Musenich, S. Muusse, S. L. Nadji, K. Nagano, S. Nagano, A. Nagar, K. Nakamura, H. Nakano, M. Nakano, R. Nakashima, Y. Nakayama, V. Napolano, I. Nardecchia, T. Narikawa, L. Naticchioni, B. Nayak, R. K. Nayak, R. Negishi, B. F. Neil, J. Neilson, G. Nelemans, T. J. N. Nelson, M. Nery, P. Neubauer, A. Neunzert, K. Y. Ng, S. W. S. Ng, C. Nguyen, P. Nguyen, T. Nguyen, L. Nguyen Quynh, W.-T. Ni, S. A. Nichols, A. Nishizawa, S. Nissanke, E. Nitoglia, F. Nocera, M. Norman, C. North, S. Nozaki, J. F. Nuño Siles, L. K. Nuttall, J. Oberling, B. D. O’Brien, Y. Obuchi, J. O’Dell, E. Oelker, W. Ogaki, G. Oganesyan, J. J. Oh, K. Oh, S. H. Oh, M. Ohashi, N. Ohishi, M. Ohkawa, F. Ohme, H. Ohta, M. A. Okada, Y. Okutani, K. Okutomi, C. Olivetto, K. Oohara, C. Ooi, R. Oram, B. O’Reilly, R. G. Ormiston, N. D. Ormsby, L. F. Ortega, R. O’Shaughnessy, E. O’Shea, S. Oshino, S. 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T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, R. Poulton, J. Powell, M. Pracchia, T. Pradier, A. K. Prajapati, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, M. Principe, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, P. Prosposito, L. Prudenzi, A. Puecher, M. Punturo, F. Puosi, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, G. Raaijmakers, H. Radkins, N. Radulesco, P. Raffai, S. X. Rail, S. Raja, C. Rajan, K. E. Ramirez, T. D. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, J. Rana, P. Rapagnani, U. D. Rapol, A. Ray, V. Raymond, N. Raza, M. Razzano, J. Read, L. A. Rees, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, S. W. Reid, D. H. Reitze, P. Relton, A. Renzini, P. Rettegno, A. Reza, M. Rezac, F. Ricci, D. Richards, J. W. Richardson, L. Richardson, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, S. Rinaldi, K. Rink, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, S. Rodriguez, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, A. Romero-Rodríguez, I. M. Romero-Shaw, J. H. Romie, S. Ronchini, L. Rosa, C. A. 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Shikauchi, R. Shimizu, T. Shimoda, K. Shimode, H. Shinkai, T. Shishido, A. Shoda, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, S. ShyamSundar, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, L. P. Singer, D. Singh, N. Singh, A. Singha, A. M. Sintes, V. Sipala, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. Smetana, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, J. Soldateschi, S. N. Somala, K. Somiya, E. J. Son, K. Soni, S. Soni, V. Sordini, F. Sorrentino, N. Sorrentino, H. Sotani, R. Soulard, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, V. Spagnuolo, A. P. Spencer, M. Spera, R. Srinivasan, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, D. A. Steer, J. Steinhoff, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, S. P. Stevenson, D. J. Stops, M. Stover, K. A. Strain, L. C. Strang, G. Stratta, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, S. Sudhagar, V. Sudhir, R. Sugimoto, H. G. Suh, A. G. Sullivan, T. Z. Summerscales, H. Sun, L. Sun, S. Sunil, A. Sur, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, Takamasa Suzuki, Toshikazu Suzuki, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, P. Szewczyk, M. Tacca, H. Tagoshi, S. C. Tait, H. Takahashi, R. Takahashi, A. Takamori, S. Takano, H. Takeda, M. Takeda, C. J. Talbot, C. Talbot, H. Tanaka, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Kenta Tanaka, Taiki Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, A. J. Tanasijczuk, S. Tanioka, D. B. Tanner, D. Tao, L. Tao, E. N. Tapia San Martín, C. Taranto, J. D. Tasson, S. Telada, R. Tenorio, J. E. Terhune, L. Terkowski, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, L. Thomas, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, J. E. Thompson, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, A. M. Toivonen, K. Toland, A. E. Tolley, T. Tomaru, Y. Tomigami, T. Tomura, M. Tonelli, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, I. Tosta e Melo, D. Töyrä, A. Trapananti, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Trevor, M. C. Tringali, A. Tripathee, L. Troiano, A. Trovato, L. Trozzo, R. J. Trudeau, D. S. Tsai, D. Tsai, K. W. Tsang, T. Tsang, J-S. Tsao, M. Tse, R. Tso, K. Tsubono, S. Tsuchida, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, T. Tsutsui, T. Tsuzuki, K. Turbang, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, A. S. 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Weaver, S. A. Webster, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, C. M. Weller, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, P. Weßels, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Wilken, D. Williams, M. J. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, D. J. Wilson, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, T. Wlodarczyk, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, I. C. F. Wong, C. Wu, D. S. Wu, H. Wu, S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, W-R. Xu, T. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kohei Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamashita, R. Yamazaki, F. W. Yang, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, A. B. Yelikar, M. Ying, K. Yokogawa, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, J. Yoo, T. Yoshioka, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, M. Zhan, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Yue Zhao, Y. Zheng, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, Y. Zlochower, M. E. Zucker, and J. Zweizig
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We report on the population properties of compact binary mergers inferred from gravitational-wave observations of these systems during the first three LIGO-Virgo observing runs. The Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog 3 (GWTC-3) contains signals consistent with three classes of binary mergers: binary black hole, binary neutron star, and neutron star–black hole mergers. We infer the binary neutron star merger rate to be between 10 and 1700 Gpc^{−3} yr^{−1} and the neutron star–black hole merger rate to be between 7.8 and 140 Gpc^{−3} yr^{−1}, assuming a constant rate density in the comoving frame and taking the union of 90% credible intervals for methods used in this work. We infer the binary black hole merger rate, allowing for evolution with redshift, to be between 17.9 and 44 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} at a fiducial redshift (z=0.2). The rate of binary black hole mergers is observed to increase with redshift at a rate proportional to (1+z)^{κ} with κ=2.9_{-1.8}^{+1.7} for z≲1. Using both binary neutron star and neutron star–black hole binaries, we obtain a broad, relatively flat neutron star mass distribution extending from 1.2_{-0.2}^{+0.1} to 2.0_{-0.3}^{+0.3}M_{⊙}. We confidently determine that the merger rate as a function of mass sharply declines after the expected maximum neutron star mass, but cannot yet confirm or rule out the existence of a lower mass gap between neutron stars and black holes. We also find the binary black hole mass distribution has localized over- and underdensities relative to a power-law distribution, with peaks emerging at chirp masses of 8.3_{-0.5}^{+0.3} and 27.9_{-1.8}^{+1.9}M_{⊙}. While we continue to find that the mass distribution of a binary’s more massive component strongly decreases as a function of primary mass, we observe no evidence of a strongly suppressed merger rate above approximately 60M_{⊙}, which would indicate the presence of a upper mass gap. Observed black hole spins are small, with half of spin magnitudes below χ_{i}≈0.25. While the majority of spins are preferentially aligned with the orbital angular momentum, we infer evidence of antialigned spins among the binary population. We observe an increase in spin magnitude for systems with more unequal-mass ratio. We also observe evidence of misalignment of spins relative to the orbital angular momentum.
Published: 2023
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6. Search for Gravitational Waves Associated with Fast Radio Bursts Detected by CHIME/FRB during the LIGO–Virgo Observing Run O3a

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, S. Albanesi, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, T. Andrić, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, Koji Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, C. P. L. Berry, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, L. D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Boumerdassi, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. 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Dorrington, M. Drago, J. C. Driggers, Y. Drori, J.-G. Ducoin, P. Dupej, O. Durante, D. D’Urso, P.-A. Duverne, S. E. Dwyer, C. Eassa, P. J. Easter, M. Ebersold, T. Eckhardt, G. Eddolls, B. Edelman, T. B. Edo, O. Edy, A. Effler, S. Eguchi, J. Eichholz, S. S. Eikenberry, M. Eisenmann, R. A. Eisenstein, A. Ejlli, E. Engelby, Y. Enomoto, L. Errico, R. C. Essick, H. Estellés, D. Estevez, Z. Etienne, T. Etzel, M. Evans, T. M. Evans, B. E. Ewing, V. Fafone, H. Fair, S. Fairhurst, A. M. Farah, S. Farinon, B. Farr, W. M. Farr, N. W. Farrow, E. J. Fauchon-Jones, G. Favaro, M. Favata, M. Fays, M. Fazio, J. Feicht, M. M. Fejer, E. Fenyvesi, D. L. Ferguson, A. Fernandez-Galiana, I. Ferrante, T. A. Ferreira, F. Fidecaro, P. Figura, I. Fiori, M. Fishbach, R. P. Fisher, R. Fittipaldi, V. Fiumara, R. Flaminio, E. Floden, H. Fong, J. A. Font, B. Fornal, P. W. F. Forsyth, A. Franke, S. Frasca, F. Frasconi, C. Frederick, J. P. Freed, Z. Frei, A. Freise, R. Frey, P. Fritschel, V. V. Frolov, G. G. Fronzé, Y. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, M. Fukunaga, M. Fukushima, P. Fulda, M. Fyffe, H. A. Gabbard, B. U. Gadre, J. R. Gair, J. Gais, S. Galaudage, R. Gamba, D. Ganapathy, A. Ganguly, D. Gao, S. G. Gaonkar, B. Garaventa, C. García-Núñez, C. García-Quirós, F. Garufi, B. Gateley, S. Gaudio, V. Gayathri, G.-G. Ge, G. Gemme, A. Gennai, J. George, O. Gerberding, L. Gergely, P. Gewecke, S. Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, Shaon Ghosh, Shrobana Ghosh, B. Giacomazzo, L. Giacoppo, J. A. Giaime, K. D. Giardina, D. R. Gibson, C. Gier, M. Giesler, P. Giri, F. Gissi, J. Glanzer, A. E. Gleckl, P. Godwin, E. Goetz, R. Goetz, N. Gohlke, B. Goncharov, G. González, A. Gopakumar, M. Gosselin, R. Gouaty, D. W. Gould, B. Grace, A. Grado, M. Granata, V. Granata, A. Grant, S. Gras, P. Grassia, C. Gray, R. Gray, G. Greco, A. C. Green, R. Green, A. M. Gretarsson, E. M. Gretarsson, D. Griffith, W. Griffiths, H. L. Griggs, G. Grignani, A. Grimaldi, S. J. Grimm, H. Grote, S. Grunewald, P. Gruning, D. Guerra, G. 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Paoletti, A. Paoli, A. Paolone, A. Parisi, H. Park, J. Park, W. Parker, D. Pascucci, A. Pasqualetti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, M. Patel, M. Pathak, B. Patricelli, A. S. Patron, S. Patrone, S. Paul, E. Payne, M. Pedraza, M. Pegoraro, A. Pele, F. E. Peña Arellano, S. Penn, A. Perego, A. Pereira, T. Pereira, C. J. Perez, C. Périgois, C. C. Perkins, A. Perreca, S. Perriès, J. Petermann, D. Petterson, H. P. Pfeiffer, K. A. Pham, K. S. Phukon, O. J. Piccinni, M. Pichot, M. Piendibene, F. Piergiovanni, L. Pierini, V. Pierro, G. Pillant, M. Pillas, F. Pilo, L. Pinard, I. M. Pinto, M. Pinto, B. J. Piotrzkowski, K. Piotrzkowski, M. Pirello, M. D. Pitkin, E. Placidi, L. Planas, W. Plastino, C. Pluchar, R. Poggiani, E. Polini, D. Y. T. Pong, S. Ponrathnam, P. Popolizio, E. K. Porter, R. Poulton, J. Powell, M. Pracchia, T. Pradier, A. K. Prajapati, K. Prasai, R. Prasanna, G. Pratten, M. Principe, G. A. Prodi, L. Prokhorov, P. Prosposito, L. Prudenzi, A. Puecher, M. Punturo, F. Puosi, P. Puppo, M. Pürrer, H. Qi, V. Quetschke, R. Quitzow-James, F. J. Raab, G. Raaijmakers, H. Radkins, N. Radulesco, P. Raffai, S. X. Rail, S. Raja, C. Rajan, K. E. Ramirez, T. D. Ramirez, A. Ramos-Buades, J. Rana, P. Rapagnani, U. D. Rapol, A. Ray, V. Raymond, N. Raza, M. Razzano, J. Read, L. A. Rees, T. Regimbau, L. Rei, S. Reid, S. W. Reid, D. H. Reitze, P. Relton, A. Renzini, P. Rettegno, M. Rezac, F. Ricci, D. Richards, J. W. Richardson, L. Richardson, G. Riemenschneider, K. Riles, S. Rinaldi, K. Rink, M. Rizzo, N. A. Robertson, R. Robie, F. Robinet, A. Rocchi, S. Rodriguez, L. Rolland, J. G. Rollins, M. Romanelli, R. Romano, C. L. Romel, A. Romero-Rodríguez, I. M. Romero-Shaw, J. H. Romie, S. Ronchini, L. Rosa, C. A. Rose, D. Rosińska, M. P. Ross, S. Rowan, S. J. Rowlinson, S. Roy, Santosh Roy, Soumen Roy, D. Rozza, P. Ruggi, K. Ryan, S. Sachdev, T. Sadecki, J. Sadiq, N. Sago, S. Saito, Y. Saito, K. Sakai, Y. Sakai, M. Sakellariadou, Y. Sakuno, O. S. Salafia, L. Salconi, M. Saleem, F. Salemi, A. Samajdar, E. J. Sanchez, J. H. Sanchez, L. E. Sanchez, N. Sanchis-Gual, J. R. Sanders, A. Sanuy, T. R. Saravanan, N. Sarin, B. Sassolas, H. Satari, S. Sato, T. Sato, O. Sauter, R. L. Savage, T. Sawada, D. Sawant, H. L. Sawant, S. Sayah, D. Schaetzl, M. Scheel, J. Scheuer, M. Schiworski, P. Schmidt, S. Schmidt, R. Schnabel, M. Schneewind, R. M. S. Schofield, A. Schönbeck, B. W. Schulte, B. F. Schutz, E. Schwartz, J. Scott, S. M. Scott, M. Seglar-Arroyo, T. Sekiguchi, Y. Sekiguchi, D. Sellers, A. S. Sengupta, D. Sentenac, E. G. Seo, V. Sequino, A. Sergeev, Y. Setyawati, T. Shaffer, M. S. Shahriar, B. Shams, L. Shao, A. Sharma, P. Sharma, P. Shawhan, N. S. Shcheblanov, S. Shibagaki, M. Shikauchi, R. Shimizu, T. Shimoda, K. Shimode, H. Shinkai, T. Shishido, A. Shoda, D. H. Shoemaker, D. M. Shoemaker, S. ShyamSundar, M. Sieniawska, D. Sigg, L. P. Singer, D. Singh, N. Singh, A. Singha, A. M. Sintes, V. Sipala, V. Skliris, B. J. J. Slagmolen, T. J. Slaven-Blair, J. Smetana, J. R. Smith, R. J. E. Smith, J. Soldateschi, S. N. Somala, K. Somiya, E. J. Son, K. Soni, S. Soni, V. Sordini, F. Sorrentino, N. Sorrentino, H. Sotani, R. Soulard, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, V. Spagnuolo, A. P. Spencer, M. Spera, R. Srinivasan, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, D. A. Steer, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. J. Stops, M. Stover, K. A. Strain, L. C. Strang, G. Stratta, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, S. Sudhagar, V. Sudhir, R. Sugimoto, H. G. Suh, T. Z. Summerscales, H. Sun, L. Sun, S. Sunil, A. Sur, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, Takamasa Suzuki, Toshikazu Suzuki, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, P. Szewczyk, M. Tacca, H. Tagoshi, S. C. Tait, H. Takahashi, R. Takahashi, A. Takamori, S. Takano, H. Takeda, M. Takeda, C. J. Talbot, C. Talbot, H. Tanaka, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Kenta Tanaka, Taiki Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, A. J. Tanasijczuk, S. Tanioka, D. B. Tanner, D. Tao, L. Tao, E. N. Tapia San Martin, E. N. Tapia San Martín, C. Taranto, J. D. Tasson, S. Telada, R. Tenorio, J. E. Terhune, L. Terkowski, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, J. E. Thompson, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, A. M. Toivonen, K. Toland, A. E. Tolley, T. Tomaru, Y. Tomigami, T. Tomura, M. Tonelli, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, I. Tosta e Melo, D. Töyrä, A. Trapananti, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Trevor, M. C. Tringali, A. Tripathee, L. Troiano, A. Trovato, L. Trozzo, R. J. Trudeau, D. S. Tsai, D. Tsai, K. W. Tsang, T. Tsang, J-S. Tsao, M. Tse, R. Tso, K. Tsubono, S. Tsuchida, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, T. Tsutsui, T. Tsuzuki, K. Turbang, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, A. S. Ubhi, N. Uchikata, T. Uchiyama, R. P. Udall, A. Ueda, T. Uehara, K. Ueno, G. Ueshima, C. S. Unnikrishnan, F. Uraguchi, A. L. Urban, T. Ushiba, A. Utina, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, A. Vajpeyi, G. Valdes, M. Valentini, V. Valsan, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, J. Vanosky, M. H. P. M. van Putten, N. van Remortel, M. Vardaro, A. F. Vargas, V. Varma, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, J. Venneberg, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, P. Verma, Y. Verma, D. Veske, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, S. Vidyant, A. D. Viets, A. Vijaykumar, V. Villa-Ortega, J.-Y. Vinet, A. Virtuoso, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, E. R. G. von Reis, J. S. A. von Wrangel, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, K. J. Wagner, R. C. Walet, M. Walker, G. S. Wallace, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, J. Wang, J. Z. Wang, W. H. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, T. Washimi, N. Y. Washington, K. Watada, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, S. A. Webster, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, C. M. Weller, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, P. Weßels, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Wilken, D. Williams, M. J. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, D. J. Wilson, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, T. Wlodarczyk, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, I. C. F. Wong, C. Wu, D. S. Wu, H. Wu, S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, W-R. Xu, T. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kohei Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamashita, R. Yamazaki, F. W. Yang, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, A. B. Yelikar, M. Ying, K. Yokogawa, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, J. Yoo, T. Yoshioka, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, M. Zhan, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Yue Zhao, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, A. B. Zimmerman, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, M. Bhardwaj, P. J. Boyle, T. Cassanelli, F. Dong, E. Fonseca, V. Kaspi, C. Leung, K. W. Masui, B. W. Meyers, D. Michilli, C. Ng, A. B. Pearlman, E. Petroff, Z. Pleunis, M. Rafiei-Ravandi, M. Rahman, S. Ransom, P. Scholz, K. Shin, K. Smith, I. Stairs, S. P. Tendulkar, A. V. Zwaniga, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, The Virgo Collaboration, The KAGRA Collaboration, and The CHIME/FRB Collaboration
Subjects: Gravitational wave astronomy, Radio transient sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We search for gravitational-wave (GW) transients associated with fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment Fast Radio Burst Project, during the first part of the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo (2019 April 1 15:00 UTC–2019 October 1 15:00 UTC). Triggers from 22 FRBs were analyzed with a search that targets both binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star–black hole (NSBH) mergers. A targeted search for generic GW transients was conducted on 40 FRBs. We find no significant evidence for a GW association in either search. Given the large uncertainties in the distances of our FRB sample, we are unable to exclude the possibility of a GW association. Assessing the volumetric event rates of both FRB and binary mergers, an association is limited to 15% of the FRB population for BNS mergers or 1% for NSBH mergers. We report 90% confidence lower bounds on the distance to each FRB for a range of GW progenitor models and set upper limits on the energy emitted through GWs for a range of emission scenarios. We find values of order 10 ^51 –10 ^57 erg for models with central GW frequencies in the range 70–3560 Hz. At the sensitivity of this search, we find these limits to be above the predicted GW emissions for the models considered. We also find no significant coincident detection of GWs with the repeater, FRB 20200120E, which is the closest known extragalactic FRB.
Published: 2023
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7. Daytime turbulence strength profile measurement at Kodaikanal Observatory

Author: Subramanian, Saraswathi Kalyani, Rengaswamy, Sridharan, Deshmukh, Prasanna Gajanan, Nair, Binukumar G., and S, Mahesh Babu
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) is developing a Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) system for the Kodaikanal Tower Telescope (KTT). In this context, we have measured the daytime turbulence strength profile at the Kodaikanal Observatory. The first method based on wavefront sensor (WFS) images, called S-DIMM+ (Solar-Differential Image Motion Monitor+), was used to estimate the higher altitude turbulence up to a height of 5 - 6 km. The second method used balloon-borne temperature sensors to measure the near-Earth turbulence up to 350 m. We also carried out simulations to validate the performance of our system. We report the first-ever daytime turbulence strength profile measurements at the observatory. We have identified the presence of a strong turbulence layer about 3 km above the observatory. The measured near-Earth turbulence matches the trend that is expected from the model for daytime component of turbulence and gives an integrated $r_0$ of about 4 cm at 500 nm. This is consistent with earlier seeing measurements. This shows that a low-cost setup with a small telescope and a simple array of temperature sensors can be used for estimating the turbulence strength profile at the site., Comment: Accepted for publication in JATIS
Published: 2024

8. Horizon entanglement area law from regular black hole thermodynamics

Author: Belfiglio, Alessio, Chandran, S. Mahesh, Luongo, Orlando, and Mancini, Stefano
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract: We investigate the thermodynamics of regular black hole configurations via quantum analogs of entropy and energy -- namely, the entanglement entropy and entanglement energy -- near the event horizon of Bardeen and Hayward black holes. Following standard approaches, we introduce a quantum scalar field propagating in such black hole spacetimes and discretize the field degrees of freedom on a lattice of spherical shells. We observe that, at leading order, the entanglement entropy associated with the scalar field is proportional to Bekestein-Hawking entropy, while the corresponding entanglement energy scales proportionally to Komar energy. We then compute the heat capacity in both scenarios, discussing the black hole stability conditions and the possible appearance of second-order phase transitions. Finally, we extend our analysis to the black hole core, showing that in this sector entanglement energy serves as a valuable tool towards discriminating between singular and regular solutions., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

9. Distinguishing bounce and inflation via quantum signatures from cosmic microwave background

Author: Chandran, S. Mahesh and Shankaranarayanan, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Quantum Physics
Abstract: Cosmological inflation is a popular paradigm for understanding Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR); however, it faces many conceptual challenges. An alternative mechanism to inflation for generating an almost scale-invariant spectrum of perturbations is a \emph{bouncing cosmology} with an initial matter-dominated contraction phase, during which the modes corresponding to currently observed scales exited the Hubble radius. Bouncing cosmology avoids the initial singularity but has fine-tuning problems. Taking an \emph{agnostic view} of the two early-universe paradigms, we propose a quantum measure -- Dynamical Fidelity Susceptibility (DFS) of CMBR -- that distinguishes the two scenarios. Taking two simple models with the same power-spectrum, we explicitly show that DFS behaves differently for the two scenarios. We discuss the possibility of using DFS as a distinguisher in the upcoming space missions., Comment: Received honorable mention in Gravity Research Foundation essay competition 2024; Version accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Published: 2024

10. Spectroscopic Investigation of Nebular Gas (SING): Instrument Design, Assembly and Calibration

Author: P, Bharat Chandra, Nair, Binukumar G., Ghatul, Shubham Jankiram, Jain, Shubhangi, Sriram, S., S., Mahesh Babu, Mohan, Rekhesh, Safonova, Margarita, Murthy, Jayant, and Sachkov, Mikhail
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Spectroscopic Investigation of Nebular Gas (SING) is a near-ultraviolet (NUV) low-resolution spectrograph payload designed to operate in the NUV range, 1400 $\unicode{x212B}$ -- 2700 $\unicode{x212B}$, from a stable space platform. SING telescope has a primary aperture of 298 mm, feeding the light to the long-slit UV spectrograph. SING has a field of view (FOV) of 1$^{\circ}$, achieving a spatial resolution of 1.33 arc minute and spectral resolution of 3.7 $\unicode{x212B}$ ($R\sim600$) at the central wavelength. SING employs a micro-channel plate (MCP) with a CMOS readout-based photon-counting detector. The instrument is designed to observe diffuse sources such as nebulae, supernova remnants, and the interstellar medium (ISM) to understand their chemistry. SING was selected by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs to be hosted on the Chinese Space Station. The instrument will undergo qualification tests as per the launch requirements. In this paper, we describe the hardware design, optomechanical assembly, and calibration of the instrument.
Published: 2024
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11. A Likelihood Ratio Test of Genetic Relationship among Languages

Author: Akavarapu, V. S. D. S. Mahesh and Bhattacharya, Arnab
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, I.2.7
Abstract: Lexical resemblances among a group of languages indicate that the languages could be genetically related, i.e., they could have descended from a common ancestral language. However, such resemblances can arise by chance and, hence, need not always imply an underlying genetic relationship. Many tests of significance based on permutation of wordlists and word similarity measures appeared in the past to determine the statistical significance of such relationships. We demonstrate that although existing tests may work well for bilateral comparisons, i.e., on pairs of languages, they are either infeasible by design or are prone to yield false positives when applied to groups of languages or language families. To this end, inspired by molecular phylogenetics, we propose a likelihood ratio test to determine if given languages are related based on the proportion of invariant character sites in the aligned wordlists applied during tree inference. Further, we evaluate some language families and show that the proposed test solves the problem of false positives. Finally, we demonstrate that the test supports the existence of macro language families such as Nostratic and Macro-Mayan., Comment: Accepted at NAACL-2024 (Main Conference)
Published: 2024

12. Narrowband Searches for Continuous and Long-duration Transient Gravitational Waves from Known Pulsars in the LIGO-Virgo Third Observing Run

Author: R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. B. Adya, C. Affeldt, D. Agarwal, M. Agathos, K. Agatsuma, N. Aggarwal, O. D. Aguiar, L. Aiello, A. Ain, P. Ajith, T. Akutsu, S. Albanesi, A. Allocca, P. A. Altin, A. Amato, C. Anand, S. Anand, A. Ananyeva, S. B. Anderson, W. G. Anderson, M. Ando, T. Andrade, N. Andres, T. Andrić, S. V. Angelova, S. Ansoldi, J. M. Antelis, S. Antier, S. Appert, Koji Arai, Koya Arai, Y. Arai, S. Araki, A. Araya, M. C. Araya, J. S. Areeda, M. Arène, N. Aritomi, N. Arnaud, S. M. Aronson, K. G. Arun, H. Asada, Y. Asali, G. Ashton, Y. Aso, M. Assiduo, S. M. Aston, P. Astone, F. Aubin, C. Austin, S. Babak, F. Badaracco, M. K. M. Bader, C. Badger, S. Bae, Y. Bae, A. M. Baer, S. Bagnasco, Y. Bai, M. Bailes, L. Baiotti, J. Baird, R. Bajpai, M. Ball, G. Ballardin, S. W. Ballmer, A. Balsamo, G. Baltus, S. Banagiri, D. Bankar, J. C. Barayoga, C. Barbieri, B. C. Barish, D. Barker, P. Barneo, F. Barone, B. Barr, L. Barsotti, M. Barsuglia, D. Barta, J. Bartlett, M. A. Barton, I. Bartos, R. Bassiri, A. Basti, M. Bawaj, J. C. Bayley, A. C. Baylor, M. Bazzan, B. Bécsy, V. M. Bedakihale, M. Bejger, I. Belahcene, V. Benedetto, D. Beniwal, T. F. Bennett, J. D. Bentley, M. BenYaala, F. Bergamin, B. K. Berger, S. Bernuzzi, D. Bersanetti, A. Bertolini, J. Betzwieser, D. Beveridge, R. Bhandare, U. Bhardwaj, D. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhaumik, I. A. Bilenko, G. Billingsley, S. Bini, I. A. Birney, O. Birnholtz, S. Biscans, M. Bischi, S. Biscoveanu, A. Bisht, B. Biswas, M. Bitossi, M.-A. Bizouard, J. K. Blackburn, C. D. Blair, D. G. Blair, R. M. Blair, F. Bobba, N. Bode, M. Boer, G. Bogaert, M. Boldrini, L. D. Bonavena, F. Bondu, E. Bonilla, R. Bonnand, P. Booker, B. A. Boom, R. Bork, V. Boschi, N. Bose, S. Bose, V. Bossilkov, V. Boudart, Y. Bouffanais, A. Bozzi, C. Bradaschia, P. R. Brady, A. Bramley, A. Branch, M. Branchesi, J. E. Brau, M. Breschi, T. Briant, J. H. Briggs, A. Brillet, M. Brinkmann, P. Brockill, A. F. Brooks, J. Brooks, D. D. Brown, S. Brunett, G. Bruno, R. Bruntz, J. Bryant, T. Bulik, H. J. Bulten, A. Buonanno, R. Buscicchio, D. Buskulic, C. Buy, R. L. Byer, L. Cadonati, G. Cagnoli, C. Cahillane, J. Calderón Bustillo, J. D. Callaghan, T. A. Callister, E. Calloni, J. Cameron, J. B. Camp, M. Canepa, S. Canevarolo, M. Cannavacciuolo, K. C. Cannon, H. Cao, Z. Cao, E. Capocasa, E. Capote, G. Carapella, F. Carbognani, J. B. Carlin, M. F. Carney, M. Carpinelli, G. Carrillo, G. Carullo, T. L. Carver, J. Casanueva Diaz, C. Casentini, G. Castaldi, S. Caudill, M. Cavaglià, F. Cavalier, R. Cavalieri, M. Ceasar, G. Cella, P. Cerdá-Durán, E. Cesarini, W. Chaibi, K. Chakravarti, S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya, E. Champion, C.-H. Chan, C. Chan, C. L. Chan, K. Chan, M. Chan, K. Chandra, P. Chanial, S. Chao, P. Charlton, E. A. Chase, E. Chassande-Mottin, C. Chatterjee, Debarati Chatterjee, Deep Chatterjee, M. Chaturvedi, S. Chaty, C. Chen, H. Y. Chen, J. Chen, K. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-B. 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J. E. Smith, J. Soldateschi, S. N. Somala, K. Somiya, E. J. Son, K. Soni, S. Soni, V. Sordini, F. Sorrentino, N. Sorrentino, H. Sotani, R. Soulard, T. Souradeep, E. Sowell, V. Spagnuolo, A. P. Spencer, M. Spera, R. Srinivasan, A. K. Srivastava, V. Srivastava, K. Staats, C. Stachie, D. A. Steer, J. Steinlechner, S. Steinlechner, D. J. Stops, M. Stover, K. A. Strain, L. C. Strang, G. Stratta, A. Strunk, R. Sturani, A. L. Stuver, S. Sudhagar, V. Sudhir, R. Sugimoto, H. G. Suh, T. Z. Summerscales, H. Sun, L. Sun, S. Sunil, A. Sur, J. Suresh, P. J. Sutton, Takamasa Suzuki, Toshikazu Suzuki, B. L. Swinkels, M. J. Szczepańczyk, P. Szewczyk, M. Tacca, H. Tagoshi, S. C. Tait, H. Takahashi, R. Takahashi, A. Takamori, S. Takano, H. Takeda, M. Takeda, C. J. Talbot, C. Talbot, H. Tanaka, Kazuyuki Tanaka, Kenta Tanaka, Taiki Tanaka, Takahiro Tanaka, A. J. Tanasijczuk, S. Tanioka, D. B. Tanner, D. Tao, L. Tao, E. N. Tapia San Martín, C. Taranto, J. D. Tasson, S. Telada, R. Tenorio, J. E. Terhune, L. Terkowski, M. P. Thirugnanasambandam, M. Thomas, P. Thomas, J. E. Thompson, S. R. Thondapu, K. A. Thorne, E. Thrane, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, V. Tiwari, A. M. Toivonen, K. Toland, A. E. Tolley, T. Tomaru, Y. Tomigami, T. Tomura, M. Tonelli, A. Torres-Forné, C. I. Torrie, I. Tosta e Melo, D. Töyrä, A. Trapananti, F. Travasso, G. Traylor, M. Trevor, M. C. Tringali, A. Tripathee, L. Troiano, A. Trovato, L. Trozzo, R. J. Trudeau, D. S. Tsai, D. Tsai, K. W. Tsang, T. Tsang, J-S. Tsao, M. Tse, R. Tso, K. Tsubono, S. Tsuchida, L. Tsukada, D. Tsuna, T. Tsutsui, T. Tsuzuki, K. Turbang, M. Turconi, D. Tuyenbayev, A. S. Ubhi, N. Uchikata, T. Uchiyama, R. P. Udall, A. Ueda, T. Uehara, K. Ueno, G. Ueshima, C. S. Unnikrishnan, F. Uraguchi, A. L. Urban, T. Ushiba, A. Utina, H. Vahlbruch, G. Vajente, A. Vajpeyi, G. Valdes, M. Valentini, V. Valsan, N. van Bakel, M. van Beuzekom, J. F. J. van den Brand, C. Van Den Broeck, D. C. Vander-Hyde, L. van der Schaaf, J. V. van Heijningen, J. Vanosky, M. H. P. M. van Putten, N. van Remortel, M. Vardaro, A. F. Vargas, V. Varma, M. Vasúth, A. Vecchio, G. Vedovato, J. Veitch, P. J. Veitch, J. Venneberg, G. Venugopalan, D. Verkindt, P. Verma, Y. Verma, D. Veske, F. Vetrano, A. Viceré, S. Vidyant, A. D. Viets, A. Vijaykumar, V. Villa-Ortega, J.-Y. Vinet, A. Virtuoso, S. Vitale, T. Vo, H. Vocca, E. R. G. von Reis, J. S. A. von Wrangel, C. Vorvick, S. P. Vyatchanin, L. E. Wade, M. Wade, K. J. Wagner, R. C. Walet, M. Walker, G. S. Wallace, L. Wallace, S. Walsh, J. Wang, J. Z. Wang, W. H. Wang, R. L. Ward, J. Warner, M. Was, T. Washimi, N. Y. Washington, J. Watchi, B. Weaver, S. A. Webster, M. Weinert, A. J. Weinstein, R. Weiss, C. M. Weller, F. Wellmann, L. Wen, P. Weßels, K. Wette, J. T. Whelan, D. D. White, B. F. Whiting, C. Whittle, D. Wilken, D. Williams, M. J. Williams, A. R. Williamson, J. L. Willis, B. Willke, D. J. Wilson, W. Winkler, C. C. Wipf, T. Wlodarczyk, G. Woan, J. Woehler, J. K. Wofford, I. C. F. Wong, C. Wu, D. S. Wu, H. Wu, S. Wu, D. M. Wysocki, L. Xiao, W-R. Xu, T. Yamada, H. Yamamoto, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Kohei Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, K. Yamashita, R. Yamazaki, F. W. Yang, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Yang Yang, Z. Yang, M. J. Yap, D. W. Yeeles, A. B. Yelikar, M. Ying, K. Yokogawa, J. Yokoyama, T. Yokozawa, J. Yoo, T. Yoshioka, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, H. Yuzurihara, A. Zadrożny, M. Zanolin, S. Zeidler, T. Zelenova, J.-P. Zendri, M. Zevin, M. Zhan, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhao, G. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Yue Zhao, R. Zhou, Z. Zhou, X. J. Zhu, Z.-H. Zhu, M. E. Zucker, J. Zweizig, The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, and the KAGRA Collaboration, D. Antonopoulou, Z. Arzoumanian, A. Basu, S. Bogdanov, I. Cognard, K. Crowter, T. Enoto, C. M. Espinoza, C. M. L. Flynn, E. Fonseca, D. C. Good, L. Guillemot, S. Guillot, A. K. Harding, M. J. Keith, L. Kuiper, M. E. Lower, A. G. Lyne, J. W. McKee, B. W. Meyers, C. Ng, J. L. Palfreyman, R. M. Shannon, B. Shaw, I. H. Stairs, B. W. Stappers, C. M. Tan, G. Theureau, and P. Weltevrede
Subjects: Gravitational wave astronomy, Neutron stars, Pulsars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Isolated neutron stars that are asymmetric with respect to their spin axis are possible sources of detectable continuous gravitational waves. This paper presents a fully coherent search for such signals from eighteen pulsars in data from LIGO and Virgo’s third observing run (O3). For known pulsars, efficient and sensitive matched-filter searches can be carried out if one assumes the gravitational radiation is phase-locked to the electromagnetic emission. In the search presented here, we relax this assumption and allow both the frequency and the time derivative of the frequency of the gravitational waves to vary in a small range around those inferred from electromagnetic observations. We find no evidence for continuous gravitational waves, and set upper limits on the strain amplitude for each target. These limits are more constraining for seven of the targets than the spin-down limit defined by ascribing all rotational energy loss to gravitational radiation. In an additional search, we look in O3 data for long-duration (hours–months) transient gravitational waves in the aftermath of pulsar glitches for six targets with a total of nine glitches. We report two marginal outliers from this search, but find no clear evidence for such emission either. The resulting duration-dependent strain upper limits do not surpass indirect energy constraints for any of these targets.
Published: 2022
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13. Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy for a Huge Leiomyosarcoma

Author: John Mathew Manipadam, Satinder Pal Singh Bains, S. Mahesh, Ami Maria Emmanuel, and H. Ramesh
Subjects: leiomyosarcoma of esophagus, thoracoscopic esophagectomy, minimally invasive esophagectomy, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Esophageal leiomyosarcoma is the commonest of all esophageal sarcomas but yet has a very low incidence. These tumors have been resected by the open approach so far. We describe the steps and challenges involved in the thoracoscopic excision of a huge leiomyosarcoma of the esophagus.
Published: 2019
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14. Automated Cognate Detection as a Supervised Link Prediction Task with Cognate Transformer

Author: Akavarapu, V. S. D. S. Mahesh and Bhattacharya, Arnab
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, I.2.7
Abstract: Identification of cognates across related languages is one of the primary problems in historical linguistics. Automated cognate identification is helpful for several downstream tasks including identifying sound correspondences, proto-language reconstruction, phylogenetic classification, etc. Previous state-of-the-art methods for cognate identification are mostly based on distributions of phonemes computed across multilingual wordlists and make little use of the cognacy labels that define links among cognate clusters. In this paper, we present a transformer-based architecture inspired by computational biology for the task of automated cognate detection. Beyond a certain amount of supervision, this method performs better than the existing methods, and shows steady improvement with further increase in supervision, thereby proving the efficacy of utilizing the labeled information. We also demonstrate that accepting multiple sequence alignments as input and having an end-to-end architecture with link prediction head saves much computation time while simultaneously yielding superior performance., Comment: Accepted to EACL-2024 main conference
Published: 2024

15. Radial left ventricular dyssynchrony by speckle tracking in apical versus non apical right ventricular pacing- evidence of dyssynchrony on medium term follow up

Author: Dinesh Choudhary, Amit Chaurasia, S. Mahesh Kumar, Ajeet Arulkumar, Anees Thajudeen, Narayanan Namboodiri, G Sanjay, SP Abhilash, VK Ajitkumar, and Tharakan JA
Subjects: Left Ventricle, Artificial Cardiac Pacing, Ventricular Function, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Introduction: To study effects of various sites of right ventricular pacing lead implantation on left ventricular function by 2-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking for radial strain and LV dyssynchrony. Methods: This was retrospective prospective study. Fifteen patients each with right ventricular (RV) apical (RV apex and apical septum) and non-apical (mid septal and low right ventricular outflow tract [RVOT]) were programmed to obtain 100% ventricular pacing for evaluation by echo. Location and orientation of lead tip was noted and archived by fluoroscopy. Electrocardiography (ECG) was archived and 2D echo radial dyssynchrony was calculated. Results: The baseline data was similar between two groups. Intraventricular dyssynchrony was significantly more in apical location as compared to non-apical location (radial dyssynchrony: 108.2±50.2 vs. 50.5±24, P
Published: 2016
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16. Cognate Transformer for Automated Phonological Reconstruction and Cognate Reflex Prediction

Author: Akavarapu, V. S. D. S. Mahesh and Bhattacharya, Arnab
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, I.2.7
Abstract: Phonological reconstruction is one of the central problems in historical linguistics where a proto-word of an ancestral language is determined from the observed cognate words of daughter languages. Computational approaches to historical linguistics attempt to automate the task by learning models on available linguistic data. Several ideas and techniques drawn from computational biology have been successfully applied in the area of computational historical linguistics. Following these lines, we adapt MSA Transformer, a protein language model, to the problem of automated phonological reconstruction. MSA Transformer trains on multiple sequence alignments as input and is, thus, apt for application on aligned cognate words. We, hence, name our model as Cognate Transformer. We also apply the model on another associated task, namely, cognate reflex prediction, where a reflex word in a daughter language is predicted based on cognate words from other daughter languages. We show that our model outperforms the existing models on both tasks, especially when it is pre-trained on masked word prediction task., Comment: Accepted at EMNLP-2023 (Main)
Published: 2023
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17. Real-space quantum-to-classical transition of time dependent background fluctuations

Author: Chandran, S. Mahesh, Rajeev, Karthik, and Shankaranarayanan, S.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Quantum Physics
Abstract: Understanding the emergence of classical behavior from a quantum theory is vital to establishing the quantum origin for the temperature fluctuations observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). We show that a real-space approach can comprehensively address the quantum-to-classical transition problem in the leading order of curvature perturbations. To this end, we test spatial bipartitions of quadratic systems for the interplay between three different signatures of classical behavior: i) decoherence, ii) peaking of the Wigner function about classical trajectories, and iii) relative suppression of non-commutativity in observables. We extract these signatures from the covariance matrix of a multi-mode Gaussian state and address them primarily in terms of entanglement entropy and log-classicality. Through a phase-space stability analysis of spatial sub-regions via their reduced Wigner function, we ascertain that the underlying cause for the dominance of classicality signatures is the occurrence of gapped inverted mode instabilities. While the choice of conjugate variables enhances some of these signatures, decoherence studied via entanglement entropy is the stronger and more reliable condition for classicality to emerge. We demonstrate the absence of decoherence, which preempts a quantum-to-classical transition of scalar fluctuations in an expanding background in $(1+1)$-dimensions using two examples: i) a Tanh-like expansion and ii) a de-Sitter expansion. We provide connection between log classicality and particle number by studying the evolution of each normal mode at late times. We then extend the analysis to leading order fluctuations in $(3+1)-$dimensions to show that a quantum-to-classical transition occurs in the de-Sitter expansion and discuss the relevance of our analysis in distinguishing cosmological models., Comment: Version 2: 45 pages, 9 figures, 1 Table. Improved plots and included additional discussions. Results unchanged. Version accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2023
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18. Intelligent leather defect classification using Fourier angular radial partitioning algorithm with ensemble classifier

Author: Jawahar, Malathy, Anbarasi, L. Jani, Anand, S. Mahesh, and Ravi, Vinayakumar
Published: 2024
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19. A sedimentation study to optimize the dispersion of alumina nanoparticles in water Um estudo de sedimentação para otimizar a dispersão de nanopartículas de alumina em água

Author: S. Manjula, S. Mahesh Kumar, A. M. Raichur, G. M. Madhu, R. Suresh, and M. A. Lourdu Anthony Raj
Subjects: nanopartícula de alumina, sedimentação, ponto isoélétrico, bio-surfactante JBR215, darvan C., alumina nanoparticles, sedimentation, iso-electric point, bio-surfactant JBR215, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: Sedimentation studies have been carried out to optimize the dispersion conditions of aqueous alumina nanopowder suspensions with or without dispersants (ammonium salt of polymethacrylic acid or rhamnolipids at 15%). Different dispersant dosages, solid loadings, pulp densities and pH values were examined. The iso-electric point (IEP) of the alumina nanopowder was found to be pHiep= 9.2. The experiments revealed that the polymethacrylic acid was more effective as dispersant than rhamnolipids in a wide range of pH at all solid-loading conditions tested. Optimum dispersant dosages for polymethacrylic acid and rhamnolipids to achieve maximum stability of alumina nanodispersion at iso-electric point were found to be 9.25 mg/g and 57.75 mg/g solids, respectively.Foram feitos estudos de sedimentação para otimizar as condições de dispersão de suspensões aquosas de pós de alumina nanométrica com e sem dispersantes (sais de amônia de ácido poliacrílico ou rhamnolipídeos a 15%). Foram examinados diferentes dosagens de dispersante, cargas de sólidos, densidades de pasta e valores de pH. O ponto isoelétrico do pó de alumina nanométrica obtido foi pHiep = 9,2. Os experimentos mostraram que numa ampla faixa de pH e para todas as condições de carga de sólidos testadas, o ácido polimetacrílico foi mais efetivo como dispersante que o rhamnolipídeo. Os teores otimizados de dispersante para que as dispersões de alumina nanométrica atinjam estabilidade máxima, obtidos para o ácido polimetacrílico e para o rhamnolipídeo foram, respectivamente, 9,25 mg/g e 57,75 mg/g de sólidos.
Published: 2005
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20. A Likelihood Ratio Test of Genetic Relationship among Languages.

Author: V. S. D. S. Mahesh Akavarapu and Arnab Bhattacharya 0001
Published: 2024
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21. Automated Cognate Detection as a Supervised Link Prediction Task with Cognate Transformer.

Author: V. S. D. S. Mahesh Akavarapu and Arnab Bhattacharya 0001
Published: 2024

22. Boundary-Induced Modal Study Tool for Beam Vibrations

Author: Rambala, V V S Mahesh, Saikam, Srihari, Polepally, Govardhan, Pasupuleti, Venkata Dilip Kumar, Kalapatapu, Prafulla, di Prisco, Marco, Series Editor, Chen, Sheng-Hong, Series Editor, Vayas, Ioannis, Series Editor, Kumar Shukla, Sanjay, Series Editor, Sharma, Anuj, Series Editor, Kumar, Nagesh, Series Editor, Wang, Chien Ming, Series Editor, Cui, Zhen-Dong, Series Editor, Abdullah, Waleed, editor, Chaudhary, Muhammad Tariq, editor, Kamal, Hasan, editor, Parol, Jafarali, editor, and Almutairi, Abdullah, editor
Published: 2024
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23. Dynamical scaling symmetry and asymptotic quantum correlations for time-dependent scalar fields

Author: Chandran, S. Mahesh and Shankaranarayanan, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Quantum Physics
Abstract: In time-independent quantum systems, entanglement entropy possesses an inherent scaling symmetry that the energy of the system does not have. The symmetry also assures that entropy divergence can be associated with the zero modes. We generalize this symmetry to time-dependent systems all the way from a coupled harmonic oscillator with a time-dependent frequency, to quantum scalar fields with time-dependent mass. We show that such systems have dynamical scaling symmetry that leaves the evolution of various measures of quantum correlations invariant -- entanglement entropy, GS fidelity, Loschmidt echo, and circuit complexity. Using this symmetry, we show that several quantum correlations are related at late-times when the system develops instabilities. We then quantify such instabilities in terms of scrambling time and Lyapunov exponents. The delayed onset of exponential decay of the Loschmidt echo is found to be determined by the largest inverted mode in the system. On the other hand, a zero-mode retains information about the system for a considerably longer time, finally resulting in a power-law decay of the Loschmidt echo. We extend the analysis to time-dependent massive scalar fields in $(1 + 1)-$dimensions and discuss the implications of zero-modes and inverted modes occurring in the system at late-times. We explicitly show the entropy scaling oscillates between the \emph{area-law} and \emph{volume-law} for a scalar field with stable modes or zero-modes. We then provide a qualitative discussion of the above effects for scalar fields in cosmological and black-hole space-times., Comment: Version 2 : 56 pages, 15 figures. Shifted Sec IV-D to Conclusions. Added a new appendix section and some additional discussions. Results unchanged. Version accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Published: 2022
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24. Hazard Classification of Biogas and Risks of Large Scale Biogas Production

Author: P. Heezen, S. Gunnarsdottir, L. Gooijer, and S. Mahesh
Subjects: Chemical engineering, TP155-156, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895
Abstract: This paper focuses on the approach that the Netherlands has chosen for large biogas-producing co- fermentors that fall under the Seveso Directive and for which a Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) needs to be performed. In this context, two main questions arise: 1) when does an establishment with a large amount of biogas formally fall under the Seveso Directive?, and 2) what scenarios and failure frequencies should be used in a QRA?Recently, a regulation containing new criteria for hazard classification of substances and mixtures for supply and use was implemented in the European Union. This has led to a revision of the Seveso Directive and changes to its scope. Under the revised Seveso Directive, a higher percentage of hydrogen sulphide is needed for biogas to be classified as acutely toxic and for it to come into scope of the Directive. For the flammable properties, limited changes are observed for uncleaned biogas. However, upgraded biogas will benefit from higher qualifying quantities in the revised Seveso Directive. Because no systematic incident analyses are available, no appropriate scenarios and frequencies are available to calculate third party risks. For this situation, the RIVM (as the manager of the QRA approach in the Netherlands) suggested to consider typical fermentors as atmospheric vessels for which defined scenarios are available. Further investigations are needed to determine if this approach is valid.
Published: 2013
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25. Log to log-log crossover of entanglement in $(1+1)-$ dimensional massive scalar field

Author: Jain, Parul, Chandran, S. Mahesh, and Shankaranarayanan, S.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Quantum Physics
Abstract: We study three different measures of quantum correlations -- entanglement spectrum, entanglement entropy, and logarithmic negativity -- for (1+1)-dimensional massive scalar field in flat spacetime. The entanglement spectrum for the discretized scalar field in the ground state indicates a cross-over in the zero-mode regime, which is further substantiated by an analytical treatment of both entanglement entropy and logarithmic negativity. The exact nature of this cross-over depends on the boundary conditions used -- the leading order term switches from a $\log$ to $\log-\log$ behavior for the Periodic and Neumann boundary conditions. In contrast, for Dirichlet, it is the parameters within the leading $\log-\log$ term that are switched. We show that this cross-over manifests as a change in the behavior of the leading order divergent term for entanglement entropy and logarithmic negativity close to the zero-mode limit. We thus show that the two regimes have fundamentally different information content. Furthermore, an analysis of the ground state fidelity shows us that the region between critical point $\Lambda=0$ and the crossover point is dominated by zero-mode effects, featuring an explicit dependence on the IR cutoff of the system. For the reduced state of a single oscillator, we show that this cross-over occurs in the region $Nam_f\sim \mathscr{O}(1)$., Comment: Version 2: 30 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. One new section on ground state fidelity added. Conclusions unchanged. Version accepted in Phy. Rev. D
Published: 2021
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26. Creep and fracture of UHSC — A microindentation study

Author: S., Mahesh, M.B., Anoop, and Sasmal, Saptarshi
Published: 2024
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27. One-to-one correspondence between entanglement mechanics and black hole thermodynamics

Author: Chandran, S. Mahesh and Shankaranarayanan, S.
Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, High Energy Physics - Theory, Quantum Physics
Abstract: We establish a one-to-one mapping between entanglement entropy, energy, and temperature (quantum entanglement mechanics) with black hole entropy, Komar energy, and Hawking temperature, respectively. We show this explicitly for 4-D spherically symmetric asymptotically flat and non-flat space-times with single and multiple horizons. We exploit an inherent scaling symmetry of entanglement entropy and identify scaling transformations that generate an infinite number of systems with the same entanglement entropy, distinguished only by their respective energies and temperatures. We show that this scaling symmetry is present in most well-known systems starting from the two-coupled harmonic oscillator to quantum scalar fields in spherically symmetric space-time. The scaling symmetry allows us to identify the cause of divergence of entanglement entropy to the generation of (near) zero-modes in the systems. We systematically isolate the zero-mode contributions using suitable boundary conditions. We show that the entanglement entropy and energy of quantum scalar field scale differently in space-times with horizons and flat space-time. The relation $E=2TS$, in analogy with the horizon's thermodynamic structure, is also found to be universally satisfied in the entanglement picture. We then show that there exists a one-to-one correspondence leading to the Smarr-formula of black hole thermodynamics for asymptotically flat and non-flat space-times., Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2020
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28. Experimental Machine Learning with Classical and Quantum Data via NMR Quantum Kernels.

Author: Vivek Sabarad and T. S. Mahesh
Published: 2024
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29. Performance Analysis of CNN and Quantized CNN Model for Rheumatoid Arthritis Identification Using Thermal Image.

Author: A. S. Mahesh Kumar, M. S. Mallikarjunaswamy, and S. Chandrashekara
Published: 2022
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30. Smart face detection and recognition in Pose variant images using Alexnet CNN compare accuracy with SVM.

Author: S. Mahesh, G. Ramkuma, and K. Anjaneyulu
Published: 2022
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31. Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis Using a Convolutional Neural Network

Author: Kumar, A. S. Mahesh, Mallikarjunaswamy, M. S., Chandrashekara, S., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Khanna, Ashish, editor, Gupta, Deepak, editor, Bhattacharyya, Siddhartha, editor, Hassanien, Aboul Ella, editor, Anand, Sameer, editor, and Jaiswal, Ajay, editor
Published: 2022
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32. Divergence of entanglement entropy in quantum systems: Zero-modes

Author: Chandran, S. Mahesh and Shankaranarayanan, S.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: To this day, von Neumann definition of entropy remains the most popular measure of quantum entanglement. Much of the literature on entanglement entropy, particularly in the context of field theory, has focused on isolating the UV divergences. Zero-mode divergences of the entanglement entropy are less studied in this context, and apart from being easier to isolate, they offer an interesting insight into the physics of the system. To gain a better understanding of the system in this limit, we develop the free particle approximation of Harmonic oscillator, with which we investigate the properties of entropy divergence in continuous bi-partite quantum systems such as the coupled Harmonic oscillators and the Hydrogen atom. We also show zero-mode divergence of the entropy of environment-induced entanglement in a tri-partite oscillator system. We discuss the implications of our result for field theory and IR structure of gravity., Comment: Ver2: Title changed. Results unchanged
Published: 2018
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33. Genetic Algorithm-Based Optimization of a Miniature Wearable Fractal Patch Antenna for Medical Purposes.

Author: D. S. Mahesh and K. B. Naveen
Published: 2024
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34. Metaheuristic (Ant Colony Optimization) Algorithm-Based Optimization of a Circular Shaped Patch Antenna for Medical Purposes.

Author: D. S. Mahesh and K. B. Naveen
Published: 2024
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35. Energy management of a dual battery energy storage system for electric vehicular application.

Author: R. B. Selvakumar, C. Vivekanandan, Himanshu Sharma, Vipul Vekariya, Raj A. Varma, V. Mohanavel, Govindaraj Ramkumar, A. S. Mahesh Kumar, and Mohammad Abdullah-Al-Wadud
Published: 2024
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36. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the air in Indian hospitals and houses of COVID-19 patients

Author: Moharir, Shivranjani C., Thota, Sharath Chandra, Goel, Arushi, Thakur, Bhuwaneshwar, Tandel, Dixit, Reddy, S. Mahesh, Vodapalli, Amareshwar, Singh Bhalla, Gurpreet, Kumar, Dinesh, Singh Naruka, Digvijay, Kumar, Ashwani, Tuli, Amit, Suravaram, Swathi, Chander Bingi, Thrilok, Srinivas, M., Mesipogu, Rajarao, Reddy, Krishna, Khosla, Sanjeev, Harshan, Krishnan H., Bharadwaj Tallapaka, Karthik, and Mishra, Rakesh K.
Published: 2022
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37. Cognate Transformer for Automated Phonological Reconstruction and Cognate Reflex Prediction.

Author: V. S. D. S. Mahesh Akavarapu and Arnab Bhattacharya 0001
Published: 2023
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38. Novel Approaches in Machine Learning for Enhanced Facial Recognition Systems

Author: Maddel, Manisha, primary, Kakarla, Mohanthi, additional, D, Sindhu, additional, K, Geetha Rani, additional, Amol Ubale, Swapnaja, additional, and Kumar A S, Mahesh, additional
Published: 2024
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39. Recommender System Expedited Quantum Control Optimization.

Author: Priya Batra, M. Harshant Ram, and T. S. Mahesh
Published: 2022

40. Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis Using a Convolutional Neural Network

Author: Kumar, A. S. Mahesh, primary, Mallikarjunaswamy, M. S., additional, and Chandrashekara, S., additional
Published: 2021
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41. Detailed Study of Cavity Features and Air Entrainment Due to the Initial Impact of Plunging Jet Flows

Author: M S, Mahesh, Jampana, Phanindra Varma, M S, Mahesh, and Jampana, Phanindra Varma
Abstract: Plunging jet flows have numerous applications in nature, industries, ship wake modeling, and nuclear reactor cooling. The initial impact of a plunging jet is pivotal, as it generates a large cavity that significantly influences initial air entrainment processes. This study aims to investigate the features of the cavity produced and the amount of air entrained by the initial impact of a plunging water jet on a quiescent water surface. Cavity characteristics are analyzed by performing experimental studies, and it was found that existing correlations developed for the impact of the bulge introduced into a continuous jet do not accurately capture the features of the initial impact cavity. Therefore, new semianalytical correlations adapted explicitly to initial impact characteristics are developed. The correlation coefficients are estimated from the experimental data. Furthermore, numerical simulations of the plunging jet flow with three distinct jet lengths are performed to check the applicability of these correlations at other velocities. The results show good agreement between the numerical and experimental data and the newly developed correlations.
Published: 2024

42. Real-space quantum-to-classical transition of time dependent background fluctuations

Author: Chandran, S. Mahesh, primary, Rajeev, Karthik, additional, and Shankaranarayanan, S., additional
Published: 2024
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43. IoT based Charging Slot Locator in the Charging Station.

Author: Ganesh, Chaitra, T. S., Mahesh Kumar, and Harsha N.
Subjects: ELECTRIC vehicles, ELECTRIC vehicle charging stations, INTERNET of things, INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics), SUSTAINABLE transportation, ELECTRIC charge
Abstract: An Internet of Things (IoT) based system can be used for efficiently locating availability of charging slots in an Electric Vehicle charging station. Real time monitoring of available slots through implementation of sensors and IoT technology through a user-friendly android application, reduces waiting time in the charging station and improves overall user experience. This paper focuses on creating an innovative solution using IoT technology to facilitate the efficient allocation of charging slots in a charging station. The paper also describes a system which provides information through a user-friendly interface, enabling seamless navigation to the nearest available charging slot, optimizing the utilization of resources and enhancing the efficiency of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Through the integration of sensors and a centralized system, users can access real-time data on slot availability, enabling them to locate and reserve charging slots conveniently. By streamlining the process of slot allocation, this system enhances the accessibility and usability of electric vehicle charging stations, contributing to a more sustainable and user-friendly transportation ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024

44. Spectroscopic Investigation of Nebular Gas (SING): instrument design, assembly and calibration.

Author: P., Bharat Chandra, Nair, Binukumar G., Ghatul, Shubham Jankiram, Jain, Shubhangi, Sriram, S., S., Mahesh Babu, Mohan, Rekhesh, Safonova, Margarita, Murthy, Jayant, and Sachkov, Mikhail
Subjects: MICROCHANNEL plates, SUPERNOVA remnants, OUTER space, INTERSTELLAR medium, SPACE stations, NEBULAE
Abstract: The Spectroscopic Investigation of Nebular Gas (SING) is a near-ultraviolet (NUV) low-resolution spectrograph payload designed to operate in the NUV range, 1400 Å – 2700 Å, from a stable space platform. SING telescope has a primary aperture of 298 mm, feeding the light to the long-slit UV spectrograph. SING has a field of view (FOV) of 1 ∘ , achieving a spatial resolution of 1.33 arcminute and spectral resolution of 3.7 Å( R ∼ 600 ) at the central wavelength. SING employs a micro-channel plate (MCP) with a CMOS readout-based photon-counting detector. The instrument is designed to observe diffuse sources such as nebulae, supernova remnants, and the interstellar medium (ISM) to understand their chemistry. SING was selected by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs to be hosted on the Chinese Space Station. The instrument will undergo qualification tests as per the launch requirements. In this paper, we describe the hardware design, optomechanical assembly, and calibration of the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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45. Optimised NLP Model for MCQ Generation through Advanced Batching and Tokenization

Author: Kumar, S Mahesh, primary, Srikanth, Sai, additional, and Hegde, Shabrish B, additional
Published: 2023
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46. Adaptive Range Genetic Algorithm: A hybrid optimization approach and its application in the design and economic optimization of Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger.

Author: Vidyadhar H. Iyer, S. Mahesh, Rohit Malpani, Mandar Sapre, and Anand J. Kulkarni
Published: 2019
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47. MOLECULAR DETECTION AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF INFLUENZA VIRUS AMONG THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN KARNATAKA.

Author: Dixit, Rakhi, S., Mahesh Kumar, M. L., Shriharsha Hegde, K. R., Shobha Medegar, Ambiga, Jagadeesh, and Dcruze, Sangeetha Solomon
Subjects: *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, *PANDEMIC preparedness, *H1N1 influenza, *INFLUENZA viruses, *CHILD patients
Abstract: The study aimed to determine the positivity and common clinical features of the influenza virus among hospitalized pediatric patients. The investigation was conducted from December 2022 to November 2023, during which 310 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from pediatric patients admitted with acute respiratory symptoms (categorized as Category C according to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, MOHFW guidelines). These samples were processed following standard protocols. Viral RNA was extracted, and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (r RT-PCR) was performed to detect the presence of the influenza virus. Subsequent r RT-PCR assays were conducted for subtyping influenza virus types A and B. The clinical histories of the patients were also documented. Out of the 310 samples, 23 (7.42%) tested positive for influenza virus A or B. Further subtyping revealed that 03/310 (0.97%) were positive for A H1N1, 17/310 (5.48%) were positive for A H3N2, and 03/310 (0.97%) were positive for B Victoria. Among the positive influenza cases, fever was the most prominent clinical feature observed in all patients. Other common clinical symptoms included cough, breathlessness, and sore throat. The findings underscored the importance of early detection, prompt treatment, and effective management of complications to reduce the burden of influenza epidemics. At the public health level, the study highlighted the need for continuous surveillance to monitor any resurgence of the infection that could potentially lead to further epidemics or pandemics. The unpredictable nature of influenza virus evolution continues to pose challenges to vaccine strategies and pandemic preparedness, emphasizing the importance of ongoing research and vigilance in addressing this significant health threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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48. In vivo diabetic wound healing potential of nanobiocomposites containing bamboo cellulose nanocrystals impregnated with silver nanoparticles

Author: Singla, Rubbel, Soni, Sourabh, Patial, Vikram, Kulurkar, Pankaj Markand, Kumari, Avnesh, S., Mahesh, Padwad, Yogendra S., and Yadav, Sudesh Kumar
Published: 2017
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49. A Study on Soft Skill for Engineers and its Correlation’s with Reference to Engineering Students in Mysore City

Author: A. S Mahesh and P Somashekar
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: According to some of the Behavioral scientists when they have conducted a research on some of the most successful executives, they were able to identify that there are some characteristics, which made them to become successful executives. They are – Team player, Quick, Responsive, positive, Brave, Self-confident, Facilitator, Open, Resilient, Good learner, Good Teacher, Creative, Competitive, Imaginative, Fun, Reliable, Motivated, Enthusiastic, Inspirational, Committed, Persuasive, Adaptable, Flexible, Self knowing and Intuitive.Based on the above characteristic features they have grouped and classified them as the following soft skills. They are Employee development / coaching, Customer service, Goal orientation, Planning / Organizing, Diplomacy, personal effectiveness, Negotiation, Persuasion, Empathy, Leadership, Team work, Inter personal skills, Problem solving, Creativity, Information exchange, adaptability, presentation, ongoing learning, prospective thought, decision-making, self-management, and listening, among other skills. Soft skills equip individuals to deal with the persons first and business issues later i.e., secondary. There are about 14 dimensions that have been considered as core dimensions of soft skills. They are- Leadership, Teamwork, Inter personal skills, Problem solving, Creativity, Information exchange, adaptability, presentation, ongoing learning, prospective thought, decision-making, self-management, and listening.The 14 dimensions that have been considered as the core dimensions in evaluating the presence of soft skills are - Leadership, Team work, Inter personal skills, Challenge-solving, creativity, communication, flexibility, presentation, continuous learning, futuristic thinking, decision-making, self-management, and listening are some of the skills that are required. This study involved certain hypothesis formulation covering the various dimensions and testing these hypotheses using appropriate statistical techniques. The data was properly coded and analyzed with SPSS software package tool to establish the relationship between various dimensions, which discriminate between the students from urban and rural backgrounds.
Published: 2023
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50. Synthesis of some Schiff base Derivatives using One pot Grinding Method and Its Biological activities

Author: Anusuya V Anusuya V, Muruganantham N Muruganantham N, Anitha P Anitha P, and Mahesh S Mahesh S
Subjects: Drug Discovery, Environmental Chemistry, General Chemistry, Biochemistry
Abstract: In this present study, we reported the synthesis of some Schiff base derivatives by one pot grinding method from 2-hydroxy benzohydrazide and Aromatic aldehydes. NMR and IR spectroscopy were used to characterize the synthesized compounds. The antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties of the Schiff base derivatives 3(a-j) were studied. Regarding standards, all the compounds demonstrated good biological activity.
Published: 2022
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