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Актуальність. Анемічний синдром, який супроводжує розвиток патології у хворих з колоректальним раком, може стати причиною серйозних ранніх післяопераційних ускладнень. Є актуальним питання про те, як впливають заходи передопераційної підготовки на стан структур кишечника і клінічну ситуацію в цілому. Особливе значення в цій ситуації набуває корекція анемічного синдрому ще до проведення оперативного втручання за допомогою стимуляторів гемопоезу. Мета дослідження – аналіз динаміки еритропоезу і змін тканинної і клітинної ультраструктури в інтраопераційних біоптатах товстої кишки після стимуляції еритропоезу в передопераційній підготовці при хірургічному лікуванні хворих з колоректальним раком. Методи. Проведено вивчення червоного кісткового мозку і стінки товстого кишечника за допомогою трансмісійної електронної мікроскопії. Результати. Для більшості хворих з колоректальним раком характерний розвиток ознак неефективного еритропоезу з помірним уповільненням диференціювання еритробластів і затримкою виходу зрілих еритроцитів у системну циркуляцію. Стимуляція еритропоезу за допомогою епоетину призводить до підвищення функціональної активності центральних макрофагів еритропоетичних острівців червоного кісткового мозку і посилення їх міжклітинної асоціації з дозріваючими еритроїдними клітинами. Це супроводжується формуванням великої кількості повноцінних еритроцитів, збільшенням чисельної щільності клітин еритроїдного ряду і нормалізацією їх ультраструктури. Підсумок. Стимуляція еритропоезу за допомогою епоетину в передопераційному періоді обумовлює стримування ендотеліальної дисфункції за рахунок обмеження дистрофічних і деструктивних змін органел ендотеліальних клітин, стабілізації їх мембран, запобігання спазму артеріол, явищ стазу і сладжа еритроцитів. Як наслідок, явища інфільтрації, периваскулярного й інтерстиційного набряку в складі оболонок кишкової стінки виражені набагато меншою мірою, ніж у групі хворих без передопераційної активації еритропоезу.

ABSTRACT. Background. Interest in the study of the properties of sevoflurane, increased in recent years due to its influence on hemodynamics and morphological condition of the respiratory department of lungs, causes advisability of analyzing the structure of organs directly involved in the reactions of radical surgery for colorectal cancer. Objective. The purpose of research is to select the optimal method of anesthesia protection of patients from operating aggression during surgical treatment of colorectal cancer, comparative analysis of tissue and cell ultrastructure in intraoperative biopsies of the colon in the conditions of application of the standard ataralgesia and combined anesthesia with epidural analgesia. Methods. It was performed a comparative analysis of clinical and morphological data and results of treatment using total intravenous anesthesia followed analgesia with opiates analgesics, and combined techniques using low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia and epidural analgesia, followed by prolonged epidural anesthesia. Results. It was shown a significant advantage of combined techniques in comparison with total intravenous anesthesia due to: normodynamic type of hemodynamics during operation, possibility to extubate patient in operating room, effective analgesia in early postoperative period. Methods of prolonged epidural analgesia provided a significant need reduction for opioid analgesics, efficient analgesia in postoperative period, saved anti-tumor immunity and resistance to metastasis in patients with cancer, has provided more early resumption of intestine motor function, reduced terms of patient's staying in the intensive care unit. Implemented methodology reduced the frequency of postoperative mortality, complications, average length of hospital stay and frequency of patient returns to intensive care unit. Combined low-flow sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia and epidural analgesia with bupivacaine during radical operations followed by containment of endothelial dysfunction by limiting the destructive and degenerative changes in the endothelial cell organelles, stabilization of membranes, preventing spasm of arterioles, stasis and erythrocyte sludge. Conclusion. Combined techniques of low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia and epidural analgesia, followed by prolonged epidural anesthesia is an optimal method of anesthesia protection of patients from operating aggression during surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods of epidural analgesia versus opioid analgesia leads to a significant reduction of the phenomena of infiltration, perivascular and interstitial edema in the composition of the intestinal wall in the area of surgical procedure..

Background. Interest in the study of the properties of sevoflurane, increased in recent years due to its influence on hemodynamics and morphological condition of the respiratory department of lungs, causes advisability of analyzing the structure of organs directly involved in the reactions of radical surgery for colorectal cancer. Objective. The purpose of the study is to select the optimal method of anesthesia protection of patients from operating aggression during surgical treatment of colorectal cancer and comparative analysis of tissue and cell ultrastructure in intraoperative biopsies of the colon in the conditions of application of the standard ataralgesia and combined anesthesia with epidural analgesia. Methods. It was performed a comparative analysis of clinical and morphological data and results of treatment of the colon using total intravenous anesthesia followed analgesia with opiates analgesics, and combined techniques using low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia and epidural analgesia, followed by prolonged epidural anesthesia. Results. It was shown a significant advantage of combined techniques in comparison with total intravenous anesthesia due to: normodynamic type of hemodynamics during operation, possibility to extubate patient in operating room, effective analgesia in early postoperative period. Implemented methodology reduced the frequency of postoperative mortality, complications, average length of hospital stay and frequency of patient returns to intensive care unit. The central link in the development of pathological changes in the colon wall at anesthesiology maintenance of surgical interventions in the treatment of colorectal cancer is the system of microcirculation. Combined low-flow sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia and epidural analgesia with bupivacaine during radical operations followed by containment of endothelial dysfunction by limiting the destructive and degenerative changes in the endothelial cell organelles, stabilization of membranes, preventing spasm of arterioles, stasis and erythrocyte sludge. Conclusion. Methods of epidural analgesia versus opioid analgesia leads to a significant reduction of the phenomena of infiltration, perivascular and interstitial edema in the composition of the intestinal wall in the area of surgical procedure. Combined techniques of low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia and epidural analgesia, followed by prolonged epidural anesthesia is an optimal method of anesthesia protection of patients from operating aggression during surgical treatment of colorectal cancer.

Background. Interest in the study of the properties of sevoflurane, increased in recent years due to its influence on hemodynamics and morphological condition of the respiratory department of lungs, causes advisability of analyzing the structure of organs directly involved in the reactions of radical surgery for colorectal cancer. Objective. The purpose of the study is comparative analysis of tissue and cell ultrastructure in intraoperative biopsies of the colon in the conditions of application of the standard ataralgesia and combined anesthesia with epidural analgesia. Methods. It was performed a comparative analysis of morphological data of the colon using total intravenous anesthesia followed analgesia with opiates analgesics, and combined techniques using low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia and epidural analgesia, followed by prolonged epidural anesthesia. Results. The central link in the development of pathological changes in the colon wall at anesthesiology maintenance of surgical interventions in the treatment of colorectal cancer is the system of microcirculation. In carrying out radical intervention on the background of the standard total ataralgesia distrophic and destructive changes of endothelial cells organelles cause endothelial dysfunction expressed in microvessels and tissue displays considerable microcirculatory disorders apply to all shell wall of the colon near the affected area of colorectal. Combined low-flow sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia and epidural analgesia with bupivacaine during radical operations followed by containment of endothelial dysfunction by limiting the destructive and degenerative changes in the endothelial cell organelles, stabilization of membranes, preventing spasm of arterioles, stasis and erythrocyte sludge. Conclusion. Methods of epidural analgesia versus opioid analgesia leads to a significant reduction of the phenomena of infiltration, perivascular and interstitial edema in the composition of the intestinal wall in the area of surgical procedure.

Background. Despite the large number of studies devoted to the study of the functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems after operations on the lungs, there are still many issues regarding the mechanisms of hemodynamic disorders in the postoperative period. It stipulates considerable difficulties in the treatment and prevention of functional disorders of respiration and circulation. Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the central hemodynamics parameters depending on the condition of ventilate lung function in thoracic oncology patients during the postoperative period and to determine the morphological features of the lungs that developed under the influence of intraoperative administration of refortan and perftoran. Methods. The condition of the central heamodynamic and morphological features of the lungs at patients with lung cancers with different level of the ventilating respiratory insufficiency in the early postoperative period after application of 3 and 1,5 ml/kg of perftoran and after traditional refortan (5 ml/kg) infusion-transfusion therapy were determined. Results and conclusion. It was proved that perftoran is much more effective than pefortan. The restoration of the normodynamic type of heamodynamic after infusion of perftoran (1,5 ml/kg) to patients with the an initial level of the ventilating respiratory insufficiency of I and II degree is observed during 1st postoperative week. The restoration of the normodynamic type of heamodynamic at to patients with the initial level of the ventilating respiratory insufficiency of III degree in postoperative period is reached by using perftoran in a dose 3 ml/kg. In the dead after pneumonectomy with intraoperative administration of perftoran there is increasing of synthetic activity of alveolocyte type II along with compensatory microcirculatory changes.

Мета дослідження – вибір оптимального методу анестезіологічного захисту хворих від операційної агресії при хірургічному лікуванні колоректального раку. Показано достовірну перевагу комбінованої методики перед тотальною внутрішньовенною анестезією за рахунок: нормодинамічного типу гемодинаміки на протязі всієї операції, ранньої регресії постнаркозної депресії і можливості екстубаціі пацієнта в операційній, ефективної аналгезії в ранньому післяопераційному періоді. Методика подовженої епідуральної аналгезії, в порівнянні з опіатною аналгезією, забезпечила значне зниження потреби в опіоїдних анальгетиках, ефективну і якісну аналгезію в післяопераційному періоді, нівелювала побічні ефекти опіатних препаратів, знизила тривалість перебування пацієнта у відділенні інтенсивної терапії. Впроваджена методика дозволила знизити частоту післяопераційної летальності, кількість ускладнень, середню тривалість ліжко-дня і частоту повернень пацієнтів у відділення інтенсивної терапії.

The scientific problem of the article is the need to create scientific approaches to the formation of a higher education output management model for the sectors of the national economy. The relevance of the problem is caused by absence of direct positive influence of separate results formed by higher education sphere on indicators of national economy output. The article is devoted to the formation of conceptual approaches to managing the effectiveness of higher education from the position of national economy branches output growth. The methodological basis of the study is the theories of economic growth factors, including innovation theory and models of exogenous and endogenous economic growth, human capital theory, knowledge economy theory, management theory, methodological and experimental studies confirming a significant impact of the results of university educational and scientific activities on national economy output. The results of the effects produced by higher education sphere in the implementation of national economy sectors output has been analyzed. The analysis allows to determine the directions of improving the mechanisms of higher education producibility management for national economy – changing the forms of university teachers’ scientific attestation, systems of graduates’ regional distribution, and algorithms concerning international activity of universities.

The most important of the internal functions of the state is the preservation of peace and order in society. Usually, this function is implemented by the forces of the political police, the effectiveness of which depends on many factors. An analysis of the work of the Special Department of the Police Department in the period preceding the First World War and subsequent social upheavals allows us to draw the following conclusions. Individual figures of the department took steps to build a corporate system as a response of conservatives to socialist movements and organizations, creating controlled workers’ organizations. However, the police provocation quickly outgrew the struggle with socialist movements, and the highest ranks of the Special Department of the Police Department became participants in the confrontation of the elites, which negatively affected the protection of public order. Moreover, the agents of the Police Department actually served as a catalyst for the formation of militant organizations of revolutionary terrorists actively arranging political assassinations of statesmen. This work not only provoked political confrontation and intensified the development of the revolutionary movement, but also morally and materially disarmed police representatives.

The article analyzes the historical experience of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan for 30 years. Special attention is paid to political, military, economic, trade and scientific cooperation. The research is based on scientific works of Russian and Tajik scientists, official state documents. The authors conclude that in the conditions of hybrid wars and the migration processes caused by them in Central Asia, the right decision is made on the need to preserve and expand cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. This position meets the national interests not only of both countries, but also of the Central Asian states, guaranteeing their security and stability.

In the 1960’s–1970’s, the development of regional historical science took place, which reflected the General trend for the country. During this period, changes were made to the concept of the development of socialist society, which caused the transition to universal secondary education. This transition required the training of teachers of history and social Sciences, which was entrusted to pedagogical institutes. The result was changes in the content of training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in the region. During these years, Samosudov's scientific and managerial career developed. Based on the memoirs of colleagues, materials of archival collections, personal impressions, the author comes to the conclusion that the doctor of historical Sciences, Professor, member of the CPSU, rector of the OSPI named after M. Gorky was a major historian — the Creator of the scientific school. He was a man of his time: a witness to the socialist transformation of the village, a participant in the war, an organizer of education in the region. About how his attitude to society changed during the transformations in the state, reports the test of the presented article

This archaeographic publication is devoted to the study of the history of one of the many defensive battles that took place on the territory of Belarus at the end of June 1941. The article introduces into scientific circulation two documents previously unknown to researchers of the Soviet special services on the state of the 47th Rifle Corps. The commentary, based on the use of little-known documentary information, reveals the content of the traditional and new historiographic narratives about the defensive battles of the Red Army in the context of solving local problems of keeping one of the defensive lines on the Berezina River near the Belarusian city of Bobruisk by Soviet troops. The work is intended for specialists in the history of the Great Patriotic War

The issue of preserving the integrity of Russia is of interest both in Russia itself and in other States. Statehood remains the object of close attention, both of our friends and opponents. The disintegration and disappearance of Russia was predicted by J. Kiez. Brzezinski did a lot for the destruction of Russia. It is impossible to list all those interested. But Russia, under various names, was recovering from difficult times, remaining one of the significant players in geopolitics. The purpose of the article is to identify the cause of stability in Russia. The publication aims to analyze ways to preserve the territorial integrity of Russia, identify the reasons for its decentralization, identify threats to the integrity of the Russian state, and identify the place of Siberia in Russia. The conclusion of the article is that Russia has a significant margin of safety, and the inhabitants of Siberia consistently identify themselves as an integral part of the Russian people

The article is devoted to the study of the circumstances of coming to power in the anti-Bolshevik Omsk of Admiral A. V. Kolchak. He concentrated in his hands the executive, legislative, judicial and military power becoming the Supreme Ruler of Russia and the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. The author comes to the conclusion that the appearance of A.V. Kolchak in Omsk was a consequence of the contradictions between British and French politicians, and the admiral himself, relying on the British, was a victim of a redivision of the world following the First World War

For tourists the region is associated with Buddhist and Hindu shrines. Therefore, the Indian states located in the Himalayas, as well as the states of Nepal and Bhutan, attract a large number of travelers. This is a region with a difficult military-political situation. The Himalayas — this is the border between the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of India, the influence of Pakistan and Bangladesh also affects. The region is not politically stable, there is a sluggish war of numerous and ideologically very different military-political organizations against the government forces of India

Introduction. Peripheral venous catheters are widely used in medical practice to provide continuous venous access for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Peripheral vascular catheterization can be accompanied by infectious complications, including catheter-related bloodstream infections. An effective system of epidemiological surveillance and infection control of catheter-related bloodstream infections has not been developed at the state level in Ukraine; there is no proper monitoring for administration site and no registration of complications associated with the vascular catheterization. The purpose of this work was to assess the validity and propriety of the use of peripheral venous catheters in patients who receive inpatient treatment. Materials and methods. Between October 2019 and April 2020, 93 adult patients who were peripheral venous catheterized in a surgical hospital in Kharkiv were included in a prospective epidemiological study. The author's observation card was used for data collection for each patient daily. The catheter site was observed daily, and the following symptoms were entered into the card: flushed skin, swelling, discharge, and pain at the administration site at rest and on palpation. Interpretation of symptoms was conducted using the visual infusion phlebitis scale by A. Jackson. Statistical processing of data was carried out using descriptive statistics methods. To identify the relationship between the nominative values, Pearson's criterion χ2 was determined with P < 0.01. Research results. 51 women (54.8%) and 42 men (45.2%) aged 18 to 84 were enrolled. In total, patients spent 619 bed-days in the hospital, of which the proportion of days with vascular catheters equaled 90.8% (n = 562). The main indication for the catheterization procedure was multicomponent therapy or the use of incompatible medications (98.9% / n = 92). In total, 148 peripheral venous catheters were inserted in these patients. The number of vascular catheters per patient ranged 1 to 3. According to the data of daily monitoring of the administration site, the signs of inflammation were observed in 65.5% of cases (n = 97). The incidence of signs of inflammation at the administration site with the first catheterization was significantly higher (χ2 = 25.2804; p < 0.00001) than that with the second or third catheterization. The signs of local inflammation, which were more common in patients with vascular catheters, included flushed skin in the area of the catheter site (65.5% / n = 97), complaints of pain on palpation in the area of the catheter site (60.8% / n = 90) and swelling in the area of the catheter site (57.4% / n = 85). It was found that for more than half of the cases (55.4% / n = 82), the patients had symptoms of middle-stage phlebitis. It was also revealed that the most common reason for the removal of a peripheral venous catheter (n = 148) in the studied hospital were signs of local inflammation at the catheter site (61.5% / n = 91). However, in 16.9% of cases (n = 25), the occurrence of at least two signs of local inflammation at the catheter site, which indicated the initial stage of phlebitis and required to rearrange the catheter, was not the reason for immediate catheter removal. Conclusions. Health care workers make mistakes when working with peripheral venous catheters; in particular, there is no timely replacement of vascular catheters in the event of signs of infusion phlebitis. To reduce the risk of infectious complications of vascular catheterization at a health facility, the indications for insertion and removal of peripheral venous catheters and central venous catheters should be clearly defined, and standard operating procedures for ensuring vascular access and algorithms for managing patients with vascular catheters should be developed and implemented.

Socialist construction carried out in the USSR is a separate topic based on knowledge of the history of the social and economic development of the country of study. One of the researchers and popularizers of socialist construction was M. E. Budarin. As a journalist, he conveyed to his contemporaries information about the transformations taking place in the Ob North, as a writer he created pictures of the life and life of the peoples of Siberia in various periods of their history. Appeal to scientific activity has become a step in understanding the history of the development of the region studying the activities of authorities in its development, analysis of the impact of development on the peoples of the region. The teaching work expanded the possibilities of popularizing the history of the entry of Siberia into Russia and the transformation of the region in the Soviet period. Over the years of activity, the multifaceted personality of M. E. Budarin was revealed, who embodied in his work all the difficulties of Soviet history

The events of the 1980s, perestroika in the USSR and the rapid process of politicization of relations between social groups, require further analysis. The actual material accumulated and processed in a series of dissertations and monographic West Siberian studies makes it possible to analyze the contribution of political forces that appeared during the years of perestroika to the destruction of the administrativecommand system for a long time ensuring the existence and development of the Soviet state. Even after 30 years, it is difficult to determine what these events were: the counter-revolution, the revolution, the Thermidorian upheaval.This situation is complicated by the differences in the interests of the political forces that took part in the collapse of the Soviet system of government, as well as a change in the attitude of the participants in the events themselves to their past experience

In the mass consciousness, the colonial policy is associated with the activities of Spain, England, Belgium, France and other European countries that had overseas possessions. But the collapse of the colonial system led to the emergence of not only neo-colonialism, but also the colonial aspirations of the colonial system of states restored or created during the collapse. There are several districts on the world map where the national elite, which has gained state sovereignty, pursues a colonial policy in territories inhabited by peoples who do not consider themselves to be citizens of the newly created state. One of such territories is Western Sahara, where the Sahrawi tribes, without recognizing themselves Moroccans or Mauritanians, declared their own state — the Sahara Arab Democratic Republic (SADR)

The development of education in the country and in our region is a topic requiring knowledge not only of pedagogy, but also of the history of the social and economic development of the country and region. The appearance of a galaxy of psychologists and teachers in the 1970s was a consequence of the development of education and science not only in the central regions, but also on the periphery. During this period, the accumulation of experience and the expansion of the material and technical base of public education prompted teachers to search and experiment. In turn, the development of pedagogical universities led to the formation of pedagogical schools on the periphery. The source of one of these schools was M. N. Apletaev

The fact of the participation of Josip Broz in Russian Revolution 1917–1922 and Russian Civil War in Siberia in different years had a different assessment. However, it is in the Omsk period of life of the permanent leader of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that it is advisable to seek answers to questions from historians and journalists related to the intricacies of his personal life and the choice of political course. The past 20th century was filled with the search for models of socio-economic reorganization: from various variants of «fascism» to socialist reorganization of society. One of those is the building of market socialism in nonaligned Yugoslavia. This experience is associated with the name of the President of the SFRY, Comrade Tito

In the USSR, the establishment of district newspapers took place on the during the period of the socialist reorganization of the countryside. Adhering to the ideological line of the party leadership, they described in the newspapers the approaches of the party leaders to the solution of not only regional but also national issues. After the collapse of the Soviet political system, temporarily freed the editorial board from the influence of the regional leadership. The refusal of the state to support the mass media caused a negative attitude to the regional leadership of the local leadership and villagers. The regional leadership was forced to create an information and analytical structure of the administration of the Omsk region, with the support of the federal government. They appeared in late 1992 and existed until elections in 1996. Among the forms of influence on regional newspapers there are: — analysis of the content of newspapers in order to determine the attitude of the editorial staff to activities of the regional administration; — training of editors and journalists of district newspapers on thematic courses; — financial support of regional newspapers from the regional and district budget; — preparation of articles and materials of the regional administration. The work of the committee with district newspapers resulted in a victory in the elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Omsk Region in 1995, included representatives of management and business circles who won 25 out of 30 seats. Until 2000, the district newspapers continued to shift to the federal government

The result of the war and revolution are not only changes in social and economic way of life, the concept of morality. They also cause unexpected and rapid career growth. For Radola Gajda, the First World War and the Russian Civil War became a ladder to the heights of political and military career. This article is devoted to the role of the Czechoslovak Legion (Russian Empire) in the First World War, Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion (Russian Empire), which became one of the reasons for the long Russian Civil War. To a large extent, the article tells about the leader of the Czechoslovak Legion (Russian Empire) Radola Gajda, his life in the AustroHungarian Empire and the Czechoslovak Republic

The ratio of historical science and local history is not an object of scientific polemics. In the Russian scientific tradition, they exist as different branches of knowledge. Under the circumstances, local lore materials are valued when mentioning a particular local event in the context of the History of Russia and its concept. Local history materials serve as illustrations of the concepts of the concept. Meanwhile, the materials of local history can not only supplement and illustrate, but also make adjustments to the content of the historical narrative. This circumstance has special significance in relation to modern history, as it is closely intertwined with the socioeconomic and socio-political life of recent decades

From the organization of non-profile faculties in agricultural, technical and other universities, the Ministry of Science and Education of the Russian Federation has refused. Meanwhile, the experience of Humanities Faculty, Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Law need to be generalized and used. The authors of the article, who had the experience of teaching and working in the non-profile faculty, consider that the rejection of this practice had a negative impact on students and the level of teaching

The article proposes a method for rapid assessment of the initial position of oil-water contacts, oxidized oil zones, transition zones, zones of high and decreasing resistance in the Lower Carboniferous Tournaisian oil deposits at one of the oilfields of the Republic of Tatarstan. As initial data, the values of electrical resistivity of effective interlayers from the catalog of geological and geophysical data, determined from induction logging curves, were used. Well log data for more than 200 wells drilled in elevation areas were used in analysis. The change in the electrical properties of deposits vertically is considered using the average resistivity values of effective interlayers averaged over all wells. Conclusions are based on the results of the done work: according to the resistivity values in massive carbonate deposits of the Tournaisian age, it is possible to distinguish various zones of oil saturation along the vertical; initial oil saturation does not grow exponentially, as in the Leverett function, but linearly in each zone.