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Background: Orthopedic pain is diagnosed and treated as a global health problem. Therapeutic interventions can change the behavior of patients and improve their quality of life. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on illness perception among orthopedic patients., Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted as a two-group design (one experimental group and one control group) with pretest and posttest. Participants were selected from patients referred to the Mooud Physiotherapy Center in Mashhad, Iran. Patients were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (12 in each group). The experimental group received weekly sessions for three months (eight sessions), whereas the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected through Weinman's Illness Perception Questionnaire (with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.72). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA)., Results: The results of the study showed that in terms of time, the outcome, and the meaning of disease, the patients in the ACT group had a lower mean in the posttest. Patients of the ACT group in personal and therapeutic controls showed a higher mean in the posttest than those of the control group. Therefore, ACT had a significant effect on improving the understanding of disease in orthopedic patients ( P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Based on the results, ACT has a significant effect on the disease perception of orthopedic patients. Therefore, it is suggested that therapists use this therapy approach to illness perception in orthopedic patients., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)

An immunosensor using a long-period grating (LPG) was used for sensitive detection of antibody-antigen reactions. Goat anti-human IgG (antibody) was immobilized on the surface of the LPG, and detection of specific antibody-antigen binding was investigated. This sensor operates using total internal reflection where an evanescent field interacts with bound antibody immobilized over the grating region. The reaction between antibody and antigen altered the LPG transmission spectrum and was monitored in real time as a change in refractive index, thereby eliminating the need for labeling antigen molecules. Human IgG binding was observed to be concentration dependent over a range of 2-100 microg mL-1, and equilibrium bound antigen levels could be attained in approximately 5 min using an initial rate determination. Binding specificity was confirmed using human interleukin-2 and bovine serum albumin as controls, and nonspecific adsorption of proteins did not significantly interfere with detection of binding. Antigen detection in a heterogeneous protein mixture and in crude cell lysate from Escherichia coli was also confirmed. Moreover, regeneration of the LPG surface via diethylamine treatment resulted in approximately 80% removal of bound antigen. Subsequently, fibers reexposed to antigen retained greater than 85% of the initial signal after five consecutive regeneration cycles.

We present an all-fiber hybridization assay sensor that relies on the evanescent field excitation of fluorescence from surface-bound fluorophores. The evanescent field is made accessible through the use of a long, adiabatically tapered single-mode fiber probe. A laser diode with a 785-nm wavelength is used in a pulsed mode of operation to excite fluorescence in the tapered region of a fiber probe using the near-infrared fluorophore IRD 41. We have used various chemical treatments to prepare the tapered fiber surface for chemical, as well as physical, binding of fluorophores. We have carried out real-time hybridization tests for IRD 41-labeled oligonucleotide, at various probe concentrations, binding to complementary oligonucleotide cross-linked to the tapered fiber surface. The biospecificity of our sensor is confirmed through hybridization tests with a control oligonucleotide. Short oligonucleotides (20-mer) bound to the fiber surface have been used to detect near-IR dye-labeled complementary sequences at subnanomolar levels. Sandwich assays with Helicobacter pylori total RNA were conducted to examine the capability of the biosensor for detecting bacterial cells using rRNA as the target. The results indicate that this fluorosensor is capable of detecting H. pylori in a sandwich assay at picomolar concentrations.