Search

The rapid growth of the vehicle population is a major factor in heavy air pollution and public health issues. Traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) on roads are often much higher than ambient values, leading to high exposure levels in vehicles. This research proposes a hybrid forecasting model for early detection and early warning systems (EWS) of road networks during real-world travels. Data is collected from Kannur, Calicut, Palakkad, and Coimbatore using real-time sensors, including surrounding discussion information, activity information, vehicle speed, and stopping events. The study predicts ambient air quality (AAQ) levels on the road network using the Gaussian Dispersion model (GDM) and measures the risk sensitivity of PM10 and PM2.5 in selected regions. This helps formulate powerful prevention strategies and prevent negative health impacts. The air pollution module for predicting concentration has an innovative hybridization model that combines an improved cuckoo search (CS) and differential evolution (DE) algorithm with a stacked LSTM model to increase forecasting accuracy of six major environmental pollution levels. This model predicts the AAQ level and is effective and robust for warning one day before the pollutant event occurs based on the risk level of an ambient air pollutant from the RN.

The fuzzy set and its application play a major role to most of the uncertainty situations of inventory management problem. At present, as an enlargement of fuzzy set, the notion of neutrosophic set is initiated to implement in inventory models for uncertain parameters. In this paper, the Trapezoidal Bipolar Neutrosophic Number (TrBNN) is enforced to the container inventory model. Because of the imbalanced flow of containers, the container management organization faces the major issue of scarcity of containers. One-way Free Use (OFU) of container and renting of containers are employed to restore the shortfall units. An algorithm is designed to make a decision on various conditions to compute the expected total cost. Also, this paper scrutinizes a condition that some fraction of deficit containers is oneway free used and the remaining are leased. Unpredictable parameters such as the fraction of received containers after used, the fraction of amendable containers from received units, and the fraction of oneway free used containers are presumed as TrBNN. In the view of reduce the total cost, a neutrosophic container inventory model is framed to obtain the optimal duration of inspection process and the optimal duration of leasing process. To flourish this study more effective, the proposed container inventory model is compared with the model by presuming Triangular Bipolar Neutrosophic Number (TBNN).

Cotton productivity under water-stressed conditions is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL). Enhancement of these productivity traits under water deficit stress is crucial for the genetic improvement of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum. In the present study, we constructed a genetic map with 504 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering a total span length of 4,416 cM with an average inter-marker distance of 8.76 cM. A total of 181 intra-specific recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were derived from a cross between G. hirsutum var. MCU5 and TCH1218 were used. Although 2,457 polymorphic SNPs were detected between the parents using the CottonSNP50K assay, only 504 SNPs were found to be useful for the construction of the genetic map. In the SNP genotyping, a large number of SNPs showed either >20% missing data, duplication, or segregation distortion. However, the mapped SNPs of this study showed collinearity with the physical map of the reference genome (G. hirsutum var.TM-1), indicating that there was no chromosomal rearrangement within the studied mapping population. RILs were evaluated under multi-environments and seasons for which the phenotypic data were acquired. A total of 53 QTL controlling plant height (PH), number of sympodial branches, boll number (BN), and boll weight (BW) were dissected by QTL analysis under irrigated and water stress conditions. Additionally, it was found that nine QTL hot spots not only co-localized for more than one investigated trait but were also stable with major QTL, i.e., with > 10% of phenotypic variation. One QTL hotspot on chromosome 22 flanked by AX-182254626–AX-182264770 with a span length of 89.4 cM co-localized with seven major and stable QTL linked to a number of sympodial branches both under irrigated and water stress conditions. In addition, putative candidate genes associated with water stress in the QTL hotspots were identified. Besides, few QTL from the hotspots were previously reported across various genetic architects in cotton validating the potential applications of these identified QTL for cotton breeding and improvement. Thus, the major and stable QTL identified in the present study would improve the cotton productivity under water-limited environments through marker-assisted selection.

Cotton is a very important crop that consists of traits with different associationship due to genetic and environmental factors. In order to determine the degree of association between seed cotton yield and important traits, a study was done using an RBD experiment with 30 hybrids. Seed cotton yield, plant height, GOT, number of sympodial braches, boll weight, bolls per plant, span length, fineness and strength data were collected and analysed. The experiment was done with 30 F1 hybrids have delivered through Line x Tester mating configuration utilizing six lines and five testers were planted in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two replications at the Department of Cotton, TNAU, Coimbatore. Seed cotton yield per plant was found to have significant positive genotypic connection with boll weight (0.5810), number of bolls per plant (0.3867), plant height (0.422) and ginning percent (0.2182) however altogether and contrarily related with consistency proportion at genotypic level. The phenotypic relationship esteems likewise uncovered that seed cotton yield per plant had highly huge and positive phenotypic connection with number of bolls per plant (0.3470) and boll weight (0.4763). Path coefficients were processed to assess the commitment of individual characters to yield in cotton. The way investigation demonstrated high certain immediate impact of number of bolls per plant (0.4743) and fiber strength (0.6880) on seed cotton yield. Micronaire value displayed high sure circuitous impact on seed cotton yield through range length (0.3393), the outcome showed that number of bolls per plant had a high sure relationship with seed cotton yield and sympodial per plant recorded low certain connection with seed cotton yield. It was therefore concluded that selection of high yielding cotton hybrids could emphasize more on lint yield, boll weights, plant height and bolls per plant for better-performing lines. Gin outturn and fibre strength could be used indirectly to improve seed cotton yield through other traits.

CR1009 Sub 1 a new version of long duration short bold grain rice variety CR1009 with submergence tolerance was released by Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to overcome submergence during samba season for flood prone areas of Tamil Nadu. CR1009 Sub1 is a product of Marker Assisted Selection of the cross CR 1009 / FR 13 A and it was developed by IRRI in collaboration with NRRI, Cuttack. CR1009 Sub1 rice variety recorded a mean grain yield of 5759 kg/ha with 8.90 per cent increase over CR1009. The variety was tested over three years in station trial (2008-2010), one year in Multi location trial (2010-11), two years in Adaptive research trial (2011-12 and 2012-13), two years in OFT (2010-11, & 2011-12) and one year in AICRIP trial (2010-11). CR1009 Sub1 is moderately resistant to BPH, WBPH, Brown spot and Leaf Blast. CR1009 Sub1 has short bold grain type with good milling percentage (69.8%) and head rice recovery (62.5%), high amylose content (25.0) intermediate gelatinization temperature and soft gel consistency indicating its similarity to CR1009 and also suitable for idly making. This variety was released by TNAU during 2015 and notified during 2017.

In Department of Rice, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, a medium duration fine grain rice variety CO52 was released for cultivation in transplanted situation for late samba / thaladi season . CO52 rice variety recorded a mean grain yield of 6191 kg/ha and possessess quality grain traits comparable to the predominantly cultivated fine grain types. It is a derivative of the cross between BPT 5204 and CO(R) 50 which matures in 130-135 days. The variety was tested in the station trial for three (2009-2011)years, Multi Location Trial for two (2011-12 and 2012-13) years, Adaptive Research Trial for two (2013-14 and 2014-15) years, OFT for three (2013-14, 2014-15 and 2015-16) years and in AICRIP trial for two (2011 and 2015) years. CO52 variety is moderately resistant to insect pests viz., plant hoppers and leaf hoppers and diseases viz., blast, sheath rot, brown spot and sheath blight. It produces medium slender white rice with high milling percentage, high head rice recovery, high linear elongation ratio, intermediate amylose content, soft gel consistency and moderate gelatinization temperature indicating its suitability for cooking with a remunerative market price and consumer preference similar to Improved White Ponni and BPT 5204.

Early duration rice culture CB 06 535, a derivative of the cross ADT 43 / RR 272 -1745 was released as TNAU Rice CO 51 during the year 2013 as an alternate variety to ADT 43 with 105 -110 days duration with additional desirable features like high yield, physiological efficiency and better adaptability. This culture with semi dwarf stature has efficient tillering capacity, long droopy panicles with highly acceptable plant characters and is a good replacement for the rice variety ADT 43 due to its high grain yield and pest and disease resistance. In the overall performance, the culture, CB 06 535 recorded a mean productivity of 6623 kg/ha in seven years of trials with 10.72 per cent increase over ADT 43. At Nallampalli, Dharmapuri district, the culture has recorded the highest yield of 11,377 kg/ha among the trials conducted, demonstrating the highest yield potential of this variety. The culture CB 06 535 is moderately resistant to blast, BPH and GLH under artificial condition. It produces medium slender white rice with intermediate amylose, soft gel consistency and moderate gelatinization temperature. It produces good quality cooked rice besides high milling and head rice recovery. CB 06 535 with higher yield, better pest and disease resistance and good cooking quality in comparison to the check ADT 43 is suitable for cultivation during Kar/ Kuruvai /Sornavari /Navarai and the seasons / tracts wherever early maturing rice varieties are cultivated throughout Tamil Nadu.

Rice plays a major role in feeding more than half of the world`s population with total production of about 769.9 million tonnes all over the world. India is an inland to vast varieties of rice cultivars, landraces and many lesser known varieties that have been cultivated by farmers as well as local promoters. These cultivars were refined through selection depend on enticing characters such as grain yield, grain length, cooking quality, aroma and refitting to various abiotic stresses. Collection, preservation and characterization of such cultivars may provide great opportunity to utilize them in crop improvement. A set of 542 Nagina 22 mutants were morphologically characterized under DUS test guidelines and compared with Nagina 22 as a check variety. Characterization has confirmed the existence of Distinctness, Uniqueness and Stability for the traits studied as given in the guidelines. Based on this research highly distinguish rice genotypes would be opt for forwarding this to further generation and registration as farmers variety. And these genotypes can also be used in crop improvement event in terms of both quality traits and high yield even as source or breeding material for pest and disease resistance.

The exploitation of heterosis is possible only when the parents involved in the crosses show high specific combining ability in the hybrids. Fifty hybrids generated from ten lines (land races) and five testers along with parents were evaluated for eight quantitative traits to elucidate the nature of gene action present in the inheritance of important quantitative traits. Preponderance of non additive gene action was observed for all the characters studied. RAJAMUDI and MOHINI SAMBA among the lines and ASD 16 and CO 47 among the testers were found to be good general combiners as they could contribute alleles with positive effect for improving the important quantitative traits. The crosses RAJAMUDI × ASD 16, RAJAMUDI × CO 47 and MOHINI SAMBA × ASD 16 performed better than the check varieties CO 51 and ASD 16 for most of the traits and showed significance for standard heterosis and these three crosses can be further forwarded to recombination breeding.

The investigation was carried out in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex. Poir.) to study the heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and yield contributing characters in three possible crosses (Odisha local x Pusa Viswas, Rajasthan local x Pusa Viswas and Ambili x Pusa Viswas) involving four parents (Odisha local, Rajasthan local, Ambili and Pusa Viswas) with four generations (P1, P2, F1and F2) in randomized block design with four replications. Relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis was found to be significant and negative for days to open first female flower, number of node at which first female flower appeared, vine length, fruit weight, fruit polar diameter, fruit equatorial diameter and sex ratio. Positive relative heterosis was observed for number of fruits per vine for most of the crosses. Hence heterosis breeding can be exploited for production of more number of fruits per vine. Significant positive heterobeltiosis was also observed for days to first female flower appearance, fruit weight, fruit equatorial diameter, fruit yield per vine and fruit yield per plot in cross II Rajathan local x Pusa Viswas. The significant inbreeding depression for all the yield characters except number of fruits per vine was observed.

Variability studies revealed that considerable amount of variability exist in the F2 population of rice cross CB 08504 × Prasanna through high values of PCV and GCV for characters like number of filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage and single plant yield. High PCV and moderate GCV was observed for number of productive tillers per plant while moderate PCV and GCV was recorded for days to first flowering and harvest index. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for the characters namely number of filled grains per panicle, number of productive tillers per plant, spikelet fertility percentage and single plant yield in the F2 population. The traits days to first flowering, number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage and harvest index were showing significant and positive correlation with single plant yield. The F2 population of CB 08504 × Prasanna performed better for earliness, yield and yield associated traits and could be utilised in future breeding programs to meet the increasing demand of rice.

In Gossip Sleep Protocol, network performance is enhanced based on energy resource. But energy conservation is achieved with the reduced throughput. In this paper, it has been proposed a new Protocol for Mobile Ad hoc Network to achieve reliability with energy conservation. Based on the probability (p) values, the value of sleep nodes is fixed initially. The probability value can be adaptively adjusted by Remote Activated Switch during the transmission process. The adaptiveness of gossiping probability is determined by the Packet Delivery Ratio. For performance comparison, we have taken Routing overhead, Packet Delivery Ratio, Number of dropped packets and Energy consumption with the increasing number of forwarding nodes. We used UDP based traffic models to analyze the performance of this protocol. We analyzed TCP based traffic models for average end to end delay. We have used the NS-2 simulator.

The new Mannich bases 1-(phenyl(phenylamino)methyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (SBA) was synthesized from the condensation of succinimide, benzaldehyde and aniline. 2-((phenylamino)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (PFA) was derived from pthalimide, formaldehyde and aniline. The general formula of the Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II) chloro complexes, ML2X2 are reported. The ligands and the complexes have been characterized by various physical-chemical techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, infrared and electronic spectra. The spectral analysis to ascertain mode of bonding and overall geometry of the complexes revealed octahedral geometries.

Cotton is an important fibre crop of the world and it is also a good source of oil and high quality protein meal. Somaticembryogenesis in cotton plays a key role in cotton transformation. Somatic embryogenesis forms the basis of cellulartotipotency in higher plants. Four cotton cultivars viz., MCU 5, MCU 12, MCU 13 and SVPR 2 along with two modelvarieties viz., Coker 310 and Coker 312 were used to assess the somatic embryogenic efficiency. Hypocotyl and cotyledonaryleaves were used as explants for callus induction. Hypocotyl was found to be the best for in vitro study. Coker 312, MCU 13,Coker 310 and MCU 12 responded well for callus induction. Coker lines alone responded well for somatic embryogenesis.The best medium for proliferation of callus was standardized as MS + 0.1 mgl-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mgl-1 kinetin. Among thedifferent combinations tried, MS + 1.9 gl-1 KNO3 was found suitable for somatic embryogenesis. An efficient protocol forthe production of high frequency of callus and somatic embryos of cotton has been developed.

In the title barbiturate salt (trivial name: trimethylammonium 2,4,6-trinitrophenylbarbiturate), C3H10N+·C10H4N5O9−, the asymmetric unit contains two sets of anion–cation moieties. The dihedral angle between the rings in the anions are 44.0 (3) and 45.7 (3)°. Adjacent anions are connected into ribbons along [100] through R22(8) ring motifs formed by N—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the barbiturate rings. Attached to both sides of these ribbons via N—H...O hydrogen bonds are the trimethylammonium cations. C—H...O hydrogen bonds are also observed.

In the title compound, C15H10N4O10, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 89.05 (16)°. One O atom of one of the nitro groups is disordered over two sites in a 0.70:0.30 ratio. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by weak C—H...O interactions.

In the title salt, C6H16N+·C20H20N3O9−, the cations and anions are connected by N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The structure is consolidated by weak C—H...O interactions.

The article presents a study which aimed at revealing the reproductive characters and establishing a set of breeding parameters for genetic improvement using morphological markers of annatto (Bixa orellana L). Topics discussed include quantification of total phenolic content and of total flavonoids, culture preparation and determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and characterization of annatto using morphological markers.

The diagnostic utility of HLA B51 (Human Leukocyte Antigen) in association with Behçet's disease(BD) has been identified. However, the clinical manifestations of HLA B51 positive patients who have not satisfied the criteria for Behcet's have been rarely reported. Our objective was to study the clinical profile of HLA B51 positive patients and to include them under the spectrum of International criteria for Behcet's disease (ICBD) and the modified Japanese criteria, and also to study the outcome in these patients. This is a retrospective prospective observational study conducted over 3 years (2018-2021) in HLA B51 positive patients. The clinical presentations, treatment given and follow up response to treatment were observed. In the study cohort of 28 HLA-B51 positive patients, mean age was 41.7 years. 17 (60.7%) had oral ulcers, 5 (17.8%) genital ulcers, 7 (25%) skin lesions, 11 (39.2%) had Pathergy positivity, 19 (67.8%) ocular, 7 (25%) neurological, 3 (10.7%) Gastrointestinal (GI) and 3(10.7%) had vascular manifestations.12 (42.8%) satisfied ICBD criteria and 2 (7%) satisfied Japanese criteria for BD. 15 (53.5%) were given immunosuppressant therapy with [Azathioprine (AZA) in 10(35.7%), Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in 4(14.2%) and cyclophosphamide (CYC) in 1(3.5%)]. Biologics were given in 7 (25%) with [Adalimumab(ADA) in 6(21.4%) and Rituximab (RTX) in 1(3.5%)]. Our study showed female predominance, with more ocular manifestations, oral aphthous ulcers and less gastrointestinal involvement. Azathioprine (AZA) showed better response compared to Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]