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1. Design and optimization of a high-energy optical parametric amplifier for broadband, spectrally incoherent pulses

Author: N. Ekanayake, M. Spilatro, A. Bolognesi, S. Herman, S. Sampat, E. M. Hill, and C. Dorrer
Subjects: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: Spectrally incoherent laser pulses with sufficiently large fractional bandwidth are in demand for the mitigation of laser–plasma instabilities occurring in high-energy laser–target interactions. Here, we modeled, implemented, and optimized a dual-stage high-energy optical parametric amplifier for broadband, spectrally incoherent pulses in the near-infrared. The amplifier delivers close to 400 mJ of signal energy through noncollinear parametric interaction of 100-nJ-scale broadband, spectrally incoherent seed pulses near 1053 nm with a narrowband high-energy pump operating at 526.5 nm. Mitigation strategies for high-frequency spatial modulations in the amplified signal caused by index inhomogeneities in the Nd:YLF rods of the pump laser are explored and discussed in detail.
Published: 2023

2. A review of the nutritional potential of edible snails:a sustainable underutilized food resource

Author: Baghele, M. (Mahendra), Mishra, S. (Shubhi), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), Jung, C. (Chuleui), Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Baghele, M. (Mahendra), Mishra, S. (Shubhi), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), Jung, C. (Chuleui), and Ghosh, S. (Sampat)
Abstract: Despite the use of snails as food in many different communities in the world, the consumption of snail meat is still far from being appreciated. The authors compiled and reviewed the nutrient composition of edible snail meat based on the available scientific literature. The protein, fat, and ash content of snail meat were found to be 14.0, 1.4 and 2.1% on the basis of fresh matter respectively. Comparable protein content with conventional foods of animal origin along with the presence of all essential amino acids and less carbon footprint makes the snail meat a sustainable food source. Moreover, less fat content but higher proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and considerable presence of minerals with nutritional importance especially calcium, zinc, and iron could exhibit human nutritional benefits. However, the establishment of heliciculture facilities is a necessity in order to support this sustainable food resource and also enhance the economic condition of certain local areas.
Published: 2022

3. Farming the edible aquatic snail Pomacea canaliculata as a mini-livestock

Author: Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), Jung, C. (Chuleui), Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), and Jung, C. (Chuleui)
Abstract: In the present paper, we describe the farming system of Pomacea canaliculata, an edible freshwater snail, as it is practiced by a farmer as mini-livestock in the vicinity of Andong in Korea. We visited the snail farm several times in the summer and winter of the year and conducted interviews with the farm manager using a semi-structured questionnaire. The farm is housed in polythene tunnels and uses a tank pen of trench type made up of propylene and measuring 1 m × 2 m × 0.5 m (length × width × height) in size. A regulated inflow of fresh water and outflow of used water was installed, with water level not exceeding 5 to 7 cm. As feed of snails, commercial fish feed is generally provided. The life cycle of the P. canaliculata might differ in captivity under the controlled environmental conditions than that of an individual in the wild environment. The farming system of snails, particularly P. canaliculata, does not involve high labor-intensive, high capital investment and also does not require high through-put cutting edge technology. In addition to providing nutrient-dense snail meat, establishing a snailery could therefore augment the economic condition of farmers in the poorer regions of the world and encourage sustainability and biodiversity conservation.
Published: 2022

4. Chemical composition, nutrient quality and acceptability of edible insects are affected by species, developmental stage, gender, diet, and processing method

Author: Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), Gahukar, R. T. (Ruparao T.), Ghosh, S. (Sampat), and Jung, C. (Chuleui)
Subjects: nutrients, acceptability, insect farming, fungi, insect diversity, food security, insect edibility, diet, entomophagy
Abstract: Edible insects have been considered as either nutritious food itemsper se, or as wholesome ingredients to various dishes and components of traditional subsistence. Protein, fat, mineral and vitamin contents in insects generally satisfy the requirements of healthy food, although there is considerable variation associated with insect species, collection site, processing method, insect life stage, rearing technology and insect feed. A comparison of available data(based on dry weight) showed that processing can improve the nutrient content, taste, flavour, appearance and palatability of insects, but that there are additional factors, which can impact the content and composition of insect species that have been recommended for consumption by humans. This review focuses on factors that have received little attention in connection with the task to improve acceptability or choice of edible insects and suggests ways to guarantee food security in countries where deficiencies in protein and minerals are an acute and perpetual problem. This review is meant to assist the food industry to select the most suitable species as well as processing methods for insect-based food products.
Published: 2021

5. Chemical composition and nutritional value of different species of Vespa hornets

Author: Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Namin, S. M. (Saeed Mahamadzade), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), and Jung, C. (Chuleui)
Subjects: Vespa basalis, Vespa velutina, amino acids, minerals, entomophagy, fatty acids, Vespa mandarinia
Abstract: We genetically identified three different species of hornets and analyzed the nutrient compositions of their edible brood. Samples were collected from a commercial production unit in Shizong province of China and from forests near Andong City in Korea. The species were identified as Vespa velutina, V. mandarinia, and V. basalis from China and V. velutina from Korea. Farmed V. velutina and V. mandarinia were found to have similar protein contents, i.e., total amino acids, whereas V. basalis contained less protein. The V. velutina brood collected from the forest contained the highest amount of amino acids. Altogether 17 proteinogenic amino acids were detected and quantified with similar patterns of distribution in all three species: leucine followed by tyrosine and lysine being predominant among the essential and glutamic acid among the non-essential amino acids. A different pattern was found for fatty acids: The polyunsaturated fatty acid proportion was highest in V. mandarinia and V. basalis, but saturated fatty acids dominated in the case of V. velutina from two different sources. The high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in the lipids of the hornets could be expected to exhibit nutritional benefits, including reducing cardiovascular disorders and inflammations. High minerals contents, especially micro minerals such as iron, zinc, and a high K/Na ratio in hornets could help mitigate mineral deficiencies among those of the population with inadequate nutrition.
Published: 2021

6. Honey bees and their brood:a potentially valuable resource of food, worthy of greater appreciation and scientific attention

Author: Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), Jung, C. (Chuleui), Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), and Jung, C. (Chuleui)
Abstract: Despite the consumption of bee brood in several parts of the world, particularly in the tropical areas, the practice has received comparatively little attention. We have reviewed all the available information on the nutrient composition and functional properties of different developmental stages of honey bee workers belonging to different species and subspecies. Noticing the competent nutrient composition of, in particular, honey bee brood, pupae, and prepupae, we suggest that they could be a potential source of human nutrition as well as animal feed. Moreover, drone brood is an ideal candidate for use as a food or as food ingredient. However, to analyze the functional properties of different honey bee species remains a task for further analysis.
Published: 2021

7. Nutritional composition of honey bee drones of two subspecies relative to their pupal developmental stages

Author: Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Herren, P. (Pascal), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), Jung, C. (Chuleui), Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Herren, P. (Pascal), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), and Jung, C. (Chuleui)
Abstract: We examined the contents of nutritional importance, i.e., amino acids, fatty acids and minerals of different developmental stages of drones of two honey bee subspecies, namely Apis mellifera carnica and A. m. mellifera. The results revealed that, in general, individual amino acid amounts and therefore the total protein increased along with the developmental stages of the drones. No statistically significant differences were found between the same developmental stages of the two subspecies. The reverse, i.e., a decrease with developmental stage occurred in relation to the fatty acid composition. Most of the minerals were higher at advanced developmental stages. Overall, the high protein content (31.4–43.4%), small amount of fat (9.5–11.5%) and abundance of minerals such asiron and zinc, make drones a suitable nutritional resource. Even though nutrient content, especially protein, was higher in the pupae than the prepupae, we propose prepupae also as a commercial product based on their higher biomass production. Provided standard production protocols maintaining hygiene and safety will be adhered to, we propose that drone honey bees can be utilized as human food or animal feed.
Published: 2021

8. Observations on how people in two locations of the plateau département of Southeast Benin perceive entomophagy:a study from West Africa

Author: Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Tchibozo, S. (Séverin), Lanmantchion, E. (Euloge), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), Jung, C. (Chuleui), Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Tchibozo, S. (Séverin), Lanmantchion, E. (Euloge), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), and Jung, C. (Chuleui)
Abstract: We surveyed the local populations of Kétou and Pobè in Southeast Benin through interviews and with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire in order to understand how they currently perceive entomophagy, an age-old tradition in their communities. The study revealed that the majority of the population was familiar with the use of insects as food, and a sizable number of people were still interested in insect consumption. Gender differences were not apparent. Tradition or culture was identified as the most influential factor, followed by taste, as determinants for eating or rejecting insects. However, identifying the edible species and comparing practices how they were prepared for consumption, we found that the knowledge was not homogenous across the society of Benin, with differences depending on ethnicity, culture, respondent’s age, and educational background. Awareness and promotion of food insects in the society should help to preserve the practice of entomophagy and in turn could lead to the provision of much needed nutritional supplements to the poorer and disadvantaged sections of the society.
Published: 2021

9. Comparison of gaseous ubiquitin ion structures obtained from a solid and solution matrix using ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry

Author: Andjoe A S Sampat, Dean R. Jarois, Tarick J. El-Baba, Ellen D. Inutan, Christopher B. Lietz, Sarah Trimpin, Efstathios A. Elia, Casey D. Foley, David E. Clemmer, and Santosh Karki
Subjects: Ions, Ubiquitin, Chemistry, Electrospray ionization, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Mass Spectrometry, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Ion, law.invention, Solvent, Ion-mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry, law, Ionization, Desorption, Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Solvents, Gases, Crystallization, Spectroscopy
Abstract: Rationale Examining surface protein conformations, and especially achieving this with spatial resolution, is an important goal. The recently discovered ionization processes offer spatial-resolution measurements similar to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and produce charge states similar to electrospray ionization (ESI) extending higher-mass protein applications directly from surfaces on high-performance mass spectrometers. Studying a well-interrogated protein by ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) to access effects on structures using a solid vs. solvent matrix may provide insights. Methods Ubiquitin was studied by IMS-MS using new ionization processes with commercial and homebuilt ion sources and instruments (Waters SYNAPT G2(S)) and homebuilt 2 m drift-tube instrument; MS™ sources). Mass-to-charge and drift-time (td )-measurements are compared for ubiquitin ions obtained by inlet and vacuum ionization using laserspray ionization (LSI), matrix- (MAI) and solvent-assisted ionization (SAI), respectively, and compared with those from ESI under conditions that are most comparable. Results Using the same solution conditions with SYNAPT G2(S) instruments, td -distributions of various ubiquitin charge states from MAI, LSI, and SAI are similar to those from ESI using a variety of solvents, matrices, extraction voltages, a laser, and temperature only, showing subtle differences in more compact features within the elongated distribution of structures. However, on a homebuilt drift-tube instrument, within the elongated distribution of structures, both similar and different td -distributions are observed for ubiquitin ions obtained by MAI and ESI. MAI-generated ions are frequently narrower in their td -distributions. Conclusions Direct comparisons between ESI and the new ionization methods operational directly from surfaces suggest that the protein in its solution structure prior to exposure to the ionization event is either captured (frozen out) at the time of crystallization, or that the protein in the solid matrix is associated with sufficient solvent to maintain the solution structure, or, alternatively, that the observed structures are those related to what occurs in the gas phase with ESI- or MAI-generated ions and not with the solution structures.
Published: 2020

10. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 45 countries for 2012-2017: Device-associated module

Author: Víctor Daniel Rosenthal, Ider Bat-Erdene, Debkishore Gupta, Souad Belkebir, Prasad Rajhans, Farid Zand, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Majeda Afeef, Vito L Tanzi, S. Muralidharan, Vaidotas Gurskis, Hail M. Al-Abdely, Amani El-Kholy, Safa A. Aziz AlKhawaja, Suha Sen, Yatin Mehta, Vineya Rai, Nguyen Viet Hung, Amani F. Sayed, Fausto Marcos Guerrero-Toapanta, Naheed Elahi, María del Rayo Morfin-Otero, Suwara Somabutr, Braulio Matias De-Carvalho, Mary Shine Magdarao, Velmira Angelova Velinova, Ana Marcela Quesada-Mora, Tanja Anguseva, Aamer Ikram, Daisy Aguilar-de-Moros, Wieslawa Duszynska, Nepomuceno Mejia, Florin George Horhat, Vladislav Belskiy, Vesna Mioljevic, Gabriela Di-Silvestre, Katarina Furova, May Osman Gamar-Elanbya, Umesh Gupta, Khalid Abidi, Lul Raka, Xiuqin Guo, Marco Tulio Luque-Torres, Kushlani Jayatilleke, Najla Ben-Jaballah, Achilleas Gikas, Harrison Ronald Sandoval-Castillo, Andrew Trotter, Sandra L. Valderrama-Beltrán, Hakan Leblebicioglu, F.O. Riera, M. López, D.M. Maurizi, J.E. Desse, I. Pérez, G.C. Silva, G.J. Chaparro, D. Golschmid, R. Cabrera, A.M. Montanini, A.C. Bianchi, J. Vimercati, M.C. Rodríguez-del-Valle, C.V. Domínguez, P.A. Saul, V. Chediack, M. Piastrelini, L.P. Cardena, L. Ramasco, M.S. Olivieri, P.F. Gallardo, P.D. Juarez, M.P. Brito, P. Botta, G. Alvarez, G. Benchetrit, M. Caridi, J.P. Stagnaro, I. Bourlot, M. García, N.V. Arregui, N.K. Saeed, S. Abdul-Aziz, S. ALSayegh, M.Z. Humood, K. Mohamed-Ali, S. Swar, T.A.S. Magray, T.B. Aguiar-Portela, T. Sugette-de-Aguiar, F.I. Serpa-Maia, L. Fernandes-Alves-de-Lima, L.A. Teixeira-Josino, M. Sampaio-Bezerra, R.C. Furtado-Maia, A. Romário-Mendes, A. Alves-De-Oliveira, A.P. Vasconcelos-Carneiro, J. Dos Anjos-Lima, K.H. Pinto-Coelho, M.L. Maciel-Canuto, M.X. Rocha-Batista, T. Moreira, N. Rodrigues-Amarilo, T.M. Lima-de-Barros, K. Arruda Guimarães, C. Batista, C. Santos, F.J. de-Lima-Silva, E. Santos-Mota, L. Karla, M.C. Ferreira-de-Souza, N. Luzia, S.S de-Oliveira, C. Takeda, D. Azevedo-Ferreira-Lima, J. Faheina, L.M. Coelho-Oliveira, S.C. do-Nascimento, V.L. Machado-Silva, null Bento-Ferreira, J. Olszewski, M.T. Tenorio, A.C. Silva-Lemos, C.A. Ramos-Feijó, D.M. Cardoso, M.A. Correa-Barbosa, G. Assunção-Ponte, D.V. da-Silva-Escudero, E.A. Servolo-Medeiros, M. Andrade-Oliveira-Reis, E.D. Kostadinov, V.J. Dicheva, M.M. Petrov, C. Guo, H. Yu, T. Liu, G. Song, C. Wang, L.M. Cañas-Giraldo, D.A. Marin-Tobar, E.M. Trujillo-Ramirez, P. Andrea-Rios, C. Álvarez-Moreno, C. Linares, P.A. González-Rubio, B.E. Ariza-Ayala, L.J. Gamba-Moreno, S.L. Gualtero-Trujill, S.J. Segura-Sarmiento, J. Rodriguez-Pena, R. Ortega, N. Olarte, Y.A. Pardo-Lopez, A. Luis Marino Otela-Baicue, A.R. Vargas-Garcia, E.G. Roncancio, K. Gomez-Nieto, M. Espinosa-Valencia, N. Barahona-Guzman, C. Avila-Acosta, W. Raigoza-Martinez, W. Villamil-Gomez, E.G. Chapeta-Parada, A.E. Mindiola-Rochel, A.H. Corchuelo-Martinez, A. Martinez, A. Lagares-Guzman, M. Rodriguez-Ferrer, D. Yepes-Gomez, G.A. Muñoz-Gutierrez, A. Arguello-Ruiz, M.A. Zuniga-Chavarria, L. Maroto-Vargas, M. Valverde-Hernández, A. Solano-Chinchilla, I. Calvo-Hernandez, O. Chavarria-Ugalde, G. Tolari, R.A. Rojas-Fermin, C.V. Diaz-Rodriguez, S. Huascar, M. Ortiz, M.M. Bovera, N. Alquinga, G. Santacruz, E. Jara, V. Delgado, E. Salgado-Yepez, F. Valencia, C. Pelaez, H.A. Gonzalez-Flores, E.E. Coello-Gordon, F. Picoita, M. Arboleda, M.F. Garcia, J. Velez, M. Valle, L. Unigarro, V. Figueroa, K. Marin, H. Caballero-Narvaez, V. Bayani, S.A. Ahmed, A.M. Alansary, A.R. Hassan, M.M. Abdel-Halim, M.A. El-Fattah, R.H. Abdelaziz-Yousef, A. Hala, K.M. Abdelhady, H. Ahmed-Fouad, H. Mounir-Agha, H.S. Hamza, Z. Salah, D.M. Abdel-Aziz, S.B. Ibrahim, A.M. Helal, A.F. AbdelMassih, A. Reham Mahmoud, B. Elawady, R.H. El-sherif, Y.A. Fattah-Radwan, T.S. Abdel-Mawla, N.M. Kamal-Elden, M. Kartsonaki, D.M. Rivera, S. Mandal, S. Mukherjee, P. Navaneet, B. Padmini, J.S. Sorabjee, A.S. Sakle, M.S. Potdar, D. Mane, H.K. Sale, M.M. Abdul-Gaffar, M. Kazi, S. Chabukswar, M. Anju, D. Gaikwad, A. Harshe, S. Blessymole, P.K. Nair, D.K. Khanna, F. Chacko, A. Rajalakshmi, A. Mubarak, M. Kharbanda, S. Kumar, P. Mathur, S. Saranya, F. Abubakar, S. Sampat, V. Raut, S.K. Biswas, R. Kelkar, J.V. Divatia, M. Chakravarthy, B.N. Gokul, R. Sukanya, L. Pushparaj, A. Thejasvini, S. Rangaswamy, N. Saini, C. Bhattacharya, S. Das, S. Sanyal, B.N. Chaudhury, C. Rodrigues, G. Khanna, A. Dwivedy, S. Binu, S. Shetty, J. Eappen, T. Valsa, A. Sriram, S.K. Todi, M. Bhattacharyya, A. Bhakta, B. Ramachandran, R. Krupanandan, P. Sahoo, N. Mohanty, S. Sahu, S. Misra, B. Ray, S. Pattnaik, H. Pillai, A.R. Warrier, L. Ranganathan, A.K. Mani, S.K. Rajagopal, B.K. Abraham, R. Venkatraman, N. Ramakrishnan, D. Devaprasad, K. Siva, D.G. Divekar, M.S. Satish Kavathekar, M.V. Suryawanshi, A. Poojary, J. Sheeba, P. Patil, S. Kukreja, K. Varma, S. Narayanan, T. Sohanlal, A. Agarwal, M. Agarwal, G. Nadimpalli, S. Bhamare, S. Thorat, O. Sarda, P. Nadimpalli, S. Nirkhiwale, G.S. Gehlot, S. Bhattacharya, N. Pandya, A.K.O. Raphel, D. Zala, S.B. Mishra, M.H. Patel, D.G.C. Aggarwal, B.Q. Jawadwal, N.K. Pawar, S.N. Kardekar, A.N. Manked, A.S. Tamboli, A. Manked, Z. Khety, T. Singhal, S. Shah, V. Kothari, R. Naik, R. Narain, S. Sengupta, A. Karmakar, S. Mishra, B.K. Pati, V. Kantroo, S. Kansal, N. Modi, R. Chawla, A. Chawla, I. Roy, M. Bej, P. Mukherjee, S. Baidya, A. Durell, S. Vadi, S. Saseedharan, P. Anant, J.P. Edwin, N. Sen, K. Sandhu, S. Sharma, V. Palaniswamy, P. Sharma, M. Selvaraj, L. Saurabh, D.P. Punia, D.K. Soni, R. Misra, R. Harsvardhan, A. Azim, C. Kambam, A. Garg, S. Ekta, M. Lakhe, C.B. Sharma, G. Singh, A. Kaur, S. Singhal, K.D. Chhabra, G. Ramakrishnan, H. Kamboj, S. Pillai, P. Rani, D. Singla, A. Sanaei, B. Maghsudi, G. Sabetian, M. Masjedi, E. Shafiee, R. Nikandish, S. Paydar, H.A. Khalili, A. Moradi, P. Sadeghi, S. Bolandparvaz, S. Mubarak, M. Makhlouf, M. Awwad, O. Ayyad, A.A. Shaweesh, M.M. Khader, A. Alghazawi, N. Hussien, M. Alruzzieh, Y.K. Mohamed, M. ALazhary, O.A. Abdul Aziz, M. Alazmi, J. Mendoza, P.A. De Vera, A.S. Rillorta, M. de Guzman, M. Girvan, M. Torres, N. Alzahrani, S. Alfaraj, U. Gopal, M.G. Manuel, R. Alshehri, L. Lessing, H. Alzoman, J. Abdrahiem, H. Adballah, J. Thankachan, H. Gomaa, T. Asad, M. AL-Alawi, N.A. Al-Abdullah, N.L. Demaisip, E. Laungayan-Cortez, A.F. Cabato, J.M. Gonzales, M.A. Al Raey, S.A. Al-Darani, M.R. Aziz, B. Al-Manea, E. Samy, M. AlDalaton, M.J. Alaliany, H.M. Alabdely, N.J. Helali, G. Sindayen, A.A. Malificio, H.B. Al-Dossari, A. Kelany, A.G. Algethami, D. Mohamed, L. Yanne, A. Tan, S. Babu, S.M. Abduljabbar, M.A. Al-Zaydani, H. Ahmed, A. Al Jarie, A.S.M. Al-Qathani, H.Y. Al-Alkami, S.J.B. Alih, R. Gasmin-Aromin, E. Balon-Ubalde, H.H. Diab, N.A. Kader, I.Y. Hassan-Assiry, E. Albeladi, S. Aboushoushah, N. Qushmaq, J. Fernandez, W.M. Hussain, R.D. Rajavel, S.Z. Bukhari, H. Rushdi, A.A. Turkistani, J.J. Mushtaq, E. Bohlega, S. Simon, E. Damlig, S.G. Elsherbini, S. Abraham, E. Kaid, A. Al-Attas, G. Hawsawi, B. Hussein, B. Esam, Y. Caminade, A.J. Santos, M.H. Abdulwahab, A.H. Aldossary, S. Al-Suliman, A.A. AlTalib, N. Albaghly, M.E. HaqlreMia, R. Altowerqi, K.M. Ghalilah, M. Alradady, A. Al-Qatri, M. Chaouali, E.L. Shyrine, J. Philipose, M. Raees, N.S. AbdulKhalik, M. Madco, C. Acostan, R. Safwat, M. Halwani, N.A.H. Abdul-Aal, A. Thomas, S.M. Abdulatif, M.A. Ali-Karrar, N. Al-Gosn, A.A. Al-Hindi, R.N. Jaha, S.N. AlQahtani, E.P. Ayugat, M.I. Al-Hussain, A. Aldossary, A.A. Al-Talib, M.E. Haqlre-Mia, S. Briones, R. Krishnan, K. Tabassum, L. Alharbi, A. Madani, M.A. Al-Gethamy, D.M. Alamri, G. Spahija, A. Gashi, A. Kurian, S.M. George, A.M. Mohamed, R.J. Ramapurath, S.T. Varghese, N.M. Abdo, M. Foda-Salama, H.H. Al-Mousa, A.A. Omar, M.F. Salama, M. Toleb, S. Khamis, S.S. Kanj, N.K. Zahreddine, Z. Kanafani, T. Kardas, R. Ahmadieh, Z. Hammoud, I. Zeid, A. Al-Souheil, H. Ayash, T. Mahfouz, T. Kondratas, D. Grinkeviciute, R. Kevalas, A. Dagys, Z. Mitrev, Z. Bogoevska-Miteva, K. Jankovska, S.T. Guroska, M. Petrovska, K. Popovska, C. Ng, Y.M. Hoon, YM.S. Hasan, M.I. Othman-Jailani, M.F. Hadi-Jamaluddin, A.A. Othman, H. Zainol, W.N. Wan-Yusoff, C.S. Gan, L.C.S. Lum, C.S. Ling, F.A. Aziz, R. Zhazali, M.R. Abud-Wahab, T.S. Cheng, I.M. Elghuwael, W.R. Wan-Mat, R. Abd-Rahman, H.R. Perez-Gomez, M. Kasten-Monges, S. Esparza-Ahumada, E. Rodriguez-Noriega, E. Gonzalez-Diaz, D. Mayoral-Pardo, A. Cerero-Gudino, M.A. Altuzar-Figueroa, J. Perez-Cruz, M. Escobar-Vazquez, D.M.L. Aragon, H. Coronado-Magana, J.C. Mijangos-Mendez, F. Corona-Jimenez, G. Aguirre-Avalos, A. Lopez-Mateos, M.Y. Martinez-Marroquin, M. Montell-Garcia, A. Martinez-Martinez, E. Leon-Sanchez, G. Gomez-Flores, M. Ramirez, M.E. Gomez, M. Lozano, V.N. Mercado, I. Zamudio-Lugo, C.J. Gomez-Gonzalez, M.G. Miranda-Novales, I. Villegas-Mota, C. Reyes-Garcia, M.K. Ramirez-Morales, M. Sanchez-Rivas, M.A. Cureno-Diaz, B. Matias-Tellez, J. Gonzalez-Martinez, R. Juarez-Vargas, O. Pastor-Salinas, V.H. Gutierrez-Munoz, J.M. Conde-Mercado, G. Bruno-Carrasco, M.A. Manrique, V.A. Monroy-Colin, Z. Cruz-Rivera, J. Rodriguez-Pacheco, N.L. Cruz, B.E. Hernandez-Chena, O. Guido-Ramirez, G. Arteaga-Troncoso, F.M. Guerra-Infante, M. Lopez-Hurtado, J.A. Denicia Caleco, E.E. Leyva-Medellin, A. Salamanca-Meneses, C. Cosio-Moran, R. Ruiz-Rendon, L.A. Aguilar-Angel, M. Sanchez-Vargas, R.C. Mares-Morales, L.C. Fernandez-Alvarez, B.V. Castillo-Cruz, M.R. Gonzalez-Ma, M.C. Zavala-Ramír, L. Rivera-Reyna, L.G. del-Moral-Rossete, C. Lopez-Rubio, M. Valadez-de-Alba, A. Bat-Erdene, K.H. Chuluunchimeg, O. Baatar, B. Batkhuu, Z. Ariyasuren, G. Bayasgalan, S. Baigalmaa, T.S. Uyanga, P. Suvderdene, D. Enkhtsetseg, D. Suvd-Erdene, E. Chimedtseye, G. Bilguun, M. Tuvshinbayar, M. Dorj, T. Khajidmaa, G. Batjargal, M. Naranpurev, T. Bolormaa, T. Battsetseg, Ch Batsuren, N. Batsaikhan, B. Tsolmon, A. Saranbaatar, P. Natsagnyam, O. Nyamdawa, N. Madani, R. Abouqal, A.A. Zeggwagh, K. Berechid, T.P. Dendane, A. Koirala, R. Giri, S. Sainju, S.P. Acharya, N. Paul, A. Parveen, A. Raza, S. Nizamuddin, F. Sultan, X. Imran, R. Sajjad, M. Khan, F. Sana, N. Tayyab, A. Ahmed, G. Zaman, I. Khan, F. Khurram, A. Hussain, F.T. Zahra, A. Imtiaz, N. Daud, M. Sarwar, Z. Roop, S. Yusuf, F. Hanif, X. Shumaila, J. Zeb, S.R. Ali, S. Demas, S. Ariff, A. Riaz, A.S. Hussain, A. Kanaan, R. Jeetawi, E.G. Castaño, L.L. Moreno-Castillo, E. García-Mayorca, W.E. Prudencio-Leon, A. Vivas-Pardo, M.V. Changano-Rodriguez, L.I. Castillo-Bravo, K.F. Aibar-Yaranga, V.A. Marquez-Mondalgo, J. Mueras-Quevedo, C. Meza-Borja, J.L. Flor, Y.M. Fernandez-Camacho, C. Banda-Flores, J. Pichilingue-Chagray, A. Castaneda-Sabogal, J.C. Caoili, M.C. Mariano, R.R. Maglente, S. Santos, G. de-Guzman, M.T. Mendoza, O.P. Javellana, A.N.L. Tajanlangit, A.R.D. Tapang, M.C. Sg-Buenaflor, E. Labro, R. Carma, A.M.P. Dy, J.D. Fortin, J.A. Navoa-Ng, J.L. Cesar, B.S. Bonifacio, M.J.P. Llames, H.L.B. Gata, A.S. Tamayo, H.K.E. Calupit, V.V. Catcho, L.D. Bergosa, M.T.B. Abuy, B. Barteczko-Grajek, S. Rojek, A. Szczesny, M. Domanska, G. Lipinska, J. Jaroslaw, A. Wieczoreka, A. Szczykutowicza, M. Gawor, M. Piwoda, J. Rydz-Lutrzykowska, M. Grudzinska, P. Kolat-Brodecka, K. Smiechowicz, B. Tamowicz, A. Mikstacki, A. Grams, P. Sobczynski, M. Nowicka, V. Kretov, V. Shalapuda, A. Molkov, S. Puzanov, I. Utkin, A. Tchekulaev, V. Tulupova, S. Vasiljevic, L. Nikolic, G. Ristic, J. Eremija, J. Kojovic, D. Lekic, A. Simic, S. Hlinkova, A. Lesnakova, S.K. Kadankunnel, M.M. Abdo-Ali, R. Pimathai, S. Wanitanukool, N. Supa, P. Prasan, M. Luxsuwong, Y. Khuenkaew, J. Lamngamsupha, N. Siriyakorn, V. Prasanthai, A. Apisarnthanarak, A. Borgi, A. Bouziri, H. Cabadak, G.E. Tuncer, C. Bulut, C.A. Hatipoglu, F.E. Sebnem, A.P. Demiroz, A. Kaya, G. Ersoz, N. Kuyucu, S. Karacorlu, O. Oncul, L. Gorenek, H. Erdem, D. Yildizdas, O.O. Horoz, E. Guclu, G. Kaya, O. Karabay, M. Altindis, N. Oztoprak, Y. Sahip, C. Uzun, N. Erben, G. Usluer, I. Ozgunes, M. Ozcelik, B.M. Ceyda, M. Oral, N. Unal, Y.G. Cigdem, M.K. Bayar, O. Bermede, S. Saygili, I. Yesiler, O. Memikoglu, R. Tekin, A. Oncul, A. Gunduz, D. Ozdemir, M.F. Geyik, S.Y. Erdogan, C. Aygun, A. Dilek, S. Esen, H. Turgut, H. Sungurtekin, D. Ugurcan, V. Yarar, Y. Bilir, N. Bayram, I. Devrim, H. Agin, G. Ceylan, N. Yasar, Y. Oruc, A. Ramazanoglu, O. Turhan, M. Cengiz, A.N. Yalcin, O. Dursun, P. Gunasan, S. Kaya, G. Senol, A.S. Kocagoz, H. Al-Rahma, P. Annamma, A. El-Houfi, H. Vidal, F. Perez, G. D-Empaire, Y. Ruiz, D. Hernandez, D. Aponte, E. Salinas, H.R. Vidal, N. Navarrete, R. Vargas, E. Sanchez, C. Ngo Quy, T.A. Thu, L.T.T. Nguyet, P.T. Hang, T.T.T. Hang, T.T.M. Hanh, D.P.P. Anh, and Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi
Subjects: Catheterization, Central Venous, Infection Control, Epidemiology, Health care-associated infection, Antibiotic resistance, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Bacterial Infections, Global Health, Device-associated infection, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Catheters, Indwelling, Nosocomial infection, Catheter-Related Infections, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Hospital infection, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: KARABAY, OGUZ/0000-0003-1514-1685; Kaya, Sehnaz/0000-0003-0002-1517; Gan, Chin Seng/0000-0002-6758-4798; Valderrama, Sandra/0000-0003-1833-1599; Abouqal, Redouane/0000-0002-6117-4341; Unal, Necmettin/0000-0002-9440-7893; Yousef, Reham H. A./0000-0003-4004-3008; Horhat, Florin George/0000-0001-6133-0204 WOS: 000522628200013 PubMed: 31676155 Background: We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2012 to December 2017 in 523 intensive care units (ICUs) in 45 countries from Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. Methods: During the 6-year study period, prospective data from 532,483 ICU patients hospitalized in 242 hospitals, for an aggregate of 2,197,304 patient days, were collected through the INICC Surveillance Online System (ISOS). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI) were applied. Results: Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled central line-associated bloodstream infection rate was higher (5.05 vs 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days); the ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was also higher (14.1 vs 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days,), as well as the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.1 vs 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days). From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance, such as of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to piperacillin-tazobactam (33.0% vs 18.3%), were also higher. Conclusions: Despite a significant trend toward the reduction in INICC ICUs, DA-HAI rates are still much higher compared with CDC-NHSN's ICUs representing the developed world. It is INICC's main goal to provide basic and cost-effective resources, through the INICC Surveillance Online System to tackle the burden of DA-HAIs effectively. (C) 2019 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Surveillance Online System Funding for the design, development, maintenance, technical support, data validation, and report generation of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium Surveillance Online System, and the activities carried out at the International Nosocomial Infection Control headquarters were provided by Victor D. Rosenthal, and the Foundation to Fight against Nosocomial Infections.
Published: 2020

11. Nutritional composition of Apis mellifera drones from Korea and Denmark as a potential sustainable alternative food source:comparison between developmental stages

Author: Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Sohn, H.-Y. (Ho-Yong), Pyo, S.-J. (Su-Jin), Bruun Jensen, A. (Annette), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), and Jung, C. (Chuleui)
Subjects: amino acids, food safety, antioxidant, sustainable food, fungi, antimicrobial, supplement, minerals, fatty acids
Abstract: We compared nutrient compositions of honey bee (Apis mellifera) drones of different developmental stages from two different populations—the Italian honey bee reared in Korea and Buckfast bees from Denmark. Analyses included amino acid, fatty acid, and mineral content as well as evaluations of antioxidant properties and haemolysis activities. The compositions of total amino acids, and thus protein content of the insects, increased with development. A similar trend was observed for minerals presumably due to the consumption of food in the adult stage. In contrast, total fatty acid amounts decreased with development. Altogether, seventeen amino acids, including all the essential ones, except tryptophan, were determined. Saturated fatty acids dominated over monounsaturated fatty acids in the pupae, but the reverse held true for the adults. Drones were found to be rich in minerals and the particularly high iron as well as K/Na ratio was indicative of the nutritional value of these insects. Among the three developmental stages, adult Buckfast drones exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Bearing in mind the overall high nutritional value, i.e., high amino acids, minerals and less fatty acids, late pupae and adult drones can be useful for human consumption while the larvae or early pupal stage can be recommended as feed. However, owing to their relatively high haemolysis activity, we advocate processing prior to the consumption of these insects.
Published: 2020

12. Enhanced laser-energy coupling with small-spot distributed phase plates (SG5-650) in OMEGA DT cryogenic target implosions

Author: W. Theobald, D. Cao, R. C. Shah, C. A. Thomas, I. V. Igumenshchev, K. A. Bauer, R. Betti, M. J. Bonino, E. M. Campbell, A. R. Christopherson, K. Churnetski, D. H. Edgell, C. J. Forrest, J. A. Frenje, M. Gatu Johnson, V. Yu. Glebov, V. N. Goncharov, V. Gopalaswamy, D. R. Harding, S. X. Hu, S. T. Ivancic, D. W. Jacobs-Perkins, R. T. Janezic, T. Joshi, J. P. Knauer, A. Lees, R. W. Luo, O. M. Mannion, F. J. Marshall, Z. L. Mohamed, S. F. B. Morse, D. Patel, J. L. Peebles, R. D. Petrasso, P. B. Radha, H. G. Rinderknecht, M. J. Rosenberg, S. Sampat, T. C. Sangster, W. T. Shmayda, C. M. Shuldberg, A. Shvydky, C. Sorce, C. Stoeckl, M. D. Wittman, and S. P. Regan
Subjects: Condensed Matter Physics
Published: 2022

13. Farming of insects for food and feed in South Korea:tradition and innovation

Author: Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Jung, C. (Chuleui), Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno), Ghosh, S. (Sampat), and Jung, C. (Chuleui)
Abstract: Summary Edible silkworm pupae, known in Korea as “beondaegi” and seen as a valuable byproduct of the silk industry have been part of the local food spectrum for centuries. Edible crickets on the other hand, represented in Korea primarily by the species Gryllus bimaculatus and Teleogryllus emma as our research has shown, are relative newcomers and have been under cultivation in Korea for no longer than about 20 years. Silkworm pupae on account of their widely appreciated nutritional qualities can be obtained fresh at local vendors or in canned form from most supermarkets. Recently when Viagra-like effects of silkworm extracts were demonstrated in male rats, uses of silkworm pupae as material for the pharmaceutical industry have been added to their role as a human food item. Edible crickets, however, find their greatest acceptance as feed for domestic animals like pigs and poultry as well as increasingly farmed fish. The amount of cricket flour as a protein-rich additive to conventional flour types in the baking industry is expected to rise as is the number of farmed crickets and people employed in the cricket farm sector, generally. The total amount of crickets produced currently in Korea is dwarfed by the amount of 10 tons of silkworm pupae annually, of which 2 tons are specifically reared for the purpose of food and feed. To produce approximately 35,000 “beondaegi” 1 ton of mulberry leaf fodder is required, but 200,000 crickets can be reared on the equivalent of 100 kg wheat bran plus 80 kg of corn.
Published: 2019

14. A paradigmatic approach to the molecular descriptor computation for some antiviral drugs

Author: Muhammad Usman Ghani, Muhammad Imran, S. Sampathkumar, Fairouz Tchier, K. Pattabiraman, and Ahmad Zubair Jan
Subjects: Irregularity indices, Antiviral drugs, Edge partition, Topological indices, Graph polynomials, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: In theoretical chemistry, topological indices are commonly employed to model the physico-chemical properties of chemical compounds. Mathematicians frequently use Zagreb indices to calculate a chemical compound's strain energy, melting point, boiling temperature, distortion, and stability. The current global pandemic caused by the new SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19, is a significant public health concern. Various therapy modalities are advised. The issue has become worse since there hasn't been enough counseling. Researchers are looking at compounds that might be used as SARS and MERS therapies based on earlier studies. In several quantitative structure-property-activity relationships (QSPR and QSAR) studies, a variety of physiochemical properties are successfully represented by topological indices, a sort of molecular descriptor that just specifies numerical values connected to a substance's molecular structure. This study investigates several irregularity-based topological indices for various antiviral medicines, depending on the degree of irregularity. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the generated topological indices, a QSPR was also carried out using the indicated pharmaceuticals, the various topological indices, and the various physiochemical features of these antiviral medicines. The acquired results show a substantial association between the topological indices being studied by the curve-fitting approach and the physiochemical properties of possible antiviral medicines.
Published: 2023
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15. Snail as mini-livestock:nutritional potential of farmed Pomacea canaliculata (Ampullariidae)

Author: Ghosh, S. (Sampat), Jung, C. (Chuleui), and Meyer-Rochow, V. B. (Victor Benno)
Subjects: Minerals, Underprivileged, Amino acids, Food security, Fatty acids
Abstract: Amino acids, fatty acids and minerals were investigated in the farmed freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata (Ampullariidae) to understand its nutritional potential as alternative livestock. Snail samples with removed gut content were collected from a local snail farm in the Republic of Korea. Almost all the essential amino acids present in the snail protein satisfied the recommended level for an ideal protein pattern, while methionine was present at a marginal level. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (60.5%) was higher than that of saturated fatty acids (39.5%). The ratio of polyunsaturated to monounsaturated fatty acids was 1.08, underscoring the high nutritional quality of the fat content of the species. The most abundant mineral was calcium. The high K/Na ratio (3.9) and the presence of substantial amounts of phosphorus, iron and zinc makes P. canaliculata snail meat potentially valuable. Thus, the utilization of under-appreciated nutritious food resources could be helpful in mitigating food security problems and in solving nutritional shortcomings in underprivileged parts of the world.
Published: 2017

16. Efficient Synthesis of Sivelestat Sodium Hydrate

Author: Gopinathenpillai Bijukumar, Agarwal Rajendra, Biswas Maloyesh, Shekhar Bhaskar Bhirud, and S. S. Sampat
Subjects: Chemistry, Isatoic anhydride, Organic Chemistry, Organic chemistry, Glycine ethyl ester, Hydrate, SIVELESTAT SODIUM
Abstract: An efficient and scaleable synthesis of sivelestat sodium hydrate has been developed.
Published: 2008

17. Reliability Measures in Neutrosophic Soft Graphs

Author: A. Anirudh, Rf. Aravind Kannan, R. Sriganesh, R. Sundareswaran, S. Sampath Kumar, M. Shanmugapriya, and Said Broumi
Subjects: neutrosophic soft graphs, strong arcs, score functions, proximity reliability, intermediate reliability, crisis reliability, Mathematics, QA1-939, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract: This paper introduces the concept of reliable nodes in neutrosophic soft graphs by evaluating path-based parameters. A reliable node is defined as one which is least susceptible to changes that are quantized by the indeterminacy and falsity values in a neutrosophic tuple. A new path measure called farness and three novel reliability measures which make use of the same are presented. Farness is defined in terms of a novel score function. The first, proximity reliability of a node, computes the farness of a node to its neighbours. The second, intermediate reliability of a node, computes the fraction of paths of minimal farness that pass through it. The third, crisis reliability of a node, is a hybrid of the two previously defined. It considers the farness of a node to its neighbours taking into account the farness of the neighbours to other nodes in the graph.
Published: 2022
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18. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

Author: Víctor Daniel Rosenthal, Dennis George Maki, Yatin Mehta, Hakan Leblebicioglu, Ziad Ahmed Memish, Haifaa Hassan Al-Mousa, Hanan Balkhy, Bijie Hu, Carlos Alvarez-Moreno, Eduardo Alexandrino Medeiros, Anucha Apisarnthanarak, Lul Raka, Luis E. Cuellar, Altaf Ahmed, Josephine Anne Navoa-Ng, Amani Ali El-Kholy, Souha Sami Kanj, Ider Bat-Erdene, Wieslawa Duszynska, Nguyen Van Truong, Leonardo N. Pazmino, Lucy Chai See-Lum, Rosalia Fernández-Hidalgo, Gabriela Di-Silvestre, Farid Zand, Sona Hlinkova, Vladislav Belskiy, Hussain Al-Rahma, Marco Tulio Luque-Torres, Nesil Bayraktar, Zan Mitrev, Vaidotas Gurskis, Dale Fisher, Ilham Bulos Abu-Khader, Kamal Berechid, Arnaldo Rodríguez-Sánchez, Florin George Horhat, Osiel Requejo-Pino, Nassya Hadjieva, Nejla Ben-Jaballah, Elías García-Mayorca, Luis Kushner-Dávalos, Srdjan Pasic, Luis E. Pedrozo-Ortiz, Eleni Apostolopoulou, Nepomuceno Mejía, May Osman Gamar-Elanbya, Kushlani Jayatilleke, Miriam de Lourdes-Dueñas, Guadalupe Aguirre-Avalos, Diego Marcelo Maurizi, Adriana Montanini, Maria Laura Spadaro, Lorenzo Santiago Marcos, Priscila Botta, Florencia Maria Jerez, Maria Constanza Chavez, Lucia Ramasco, Maria Isabel Colqui, Maria Silvia Olivieri, Ana Silvia Rearte, Gladys Edith Correa, Paola Deolinda Juarez, Paola Fabiana Gallardo, Miriam Patricia Brito, Gabriel Horacio Mendez, Julia Rosa Valdez, Lorena Paola Cardena, Jose Maria Harystoy, Gustavo Jorge Chaparro, Claudia Gabriela Rodriguez, Rodolfo Toomey, Maria Caridi, Monica Viegas, Marisa Liliana Bernan, Adriana Romani, Claudia Beatriz Dominguez, Luis Kushner Davalos, Rosana Richtmann, Camila Almeida Silva, Tatiane T. Rodrigues, Amaury Mielle Filho, Ernandi Dagoberto Seerig Palme, Aline Besen, Caroline Lazzarini, Caroline Batista Cardoso, Francisco Kennedy Azevedo, Ana Paula Fontes Pinheiro, Aparecida Camacho, Braulio Matias De Carvalho, Maria Jose Monteiro De Assis, Ana Paula Vasconcelos Carneiro, Maria Lilian Maciel Canuto, Keyla Harten Pinto Coelho, Tamiris Moreira, Agamenon Alves Oliveira, Marcela Maria Sousa Colares, Marcia Maria De Paula Bessa, Tereza De Jesus Pinheiro Gomes Bandeira, Renata Amaral De Moraes, Danilo Amâncio Campos, Tânia Mara Lima De Barros Araújo, Maria Tereza Freitas Tenório, Simone Amorim, Manuela Amaral, Julianne Da Luz Lima, Lindalva Pino Da Silva Neta, Caphiane Batista, Fabio Jorge De Lima Silva, Maria C. Ferreira De Souza, Katia Arruda Guimaraes, Julia Marcia Maluf Lopes, Karina M. Nogueira Napoles, Lorena Luiza Silva Neto Avelar, Lilian Aguiar Vieira, Luis Gustavo De Oliveira Cardo, Christianne F.V. Takeda, Glaydson A. Ponte, Fco Eduardo Aguiar Leitão, Ricardo De Souza Kuchenbecker, Rodrigo Pires Dos Santos, Erci Maria Onzi Siliprandi, Luiz Fernando Baqueiro Freitas, Ianick Souto Martins, Daiane Casi, Maria Angela Maretti Da Silva, Sergio Blecher, Margarete Villins, Reinaldo Salomao, Solange Regina Oliveira Castro, Daniela V. Da Silva Escudero, Mariana Andrade Oliveira Reis, Marcelo Mendonca, Valter Furlan, Antonio Claudio do Amaral Baruzzi, Tarquino Eristidesg Sanchez, Marina Moreira, Wania Vasconcelos de Freitas, Leonardo Passos de Souza, Velmira Angelova Velinova, Michael M. Petrov, Dimitar Georgiev Karadimov, Emil D. Kostadinov, Violeta Jivkova Dicheva, Chaohua Wang, Xiuqin Guo, Xihua Geng, Shufang Wang, Jinzhi Zhang, Ling Zhu, Shufang Zhuo, Chunli Guo, Tao Lili, Li Ruisheng, Liu Kun, Xuesong Yang, Li Yimin, Mao Pu, Li Changan, Yiang Shumei, Wu Kangxiong, Lin Meiyi, Guxiang Ye, Xu Ziqin, Suo Yao, Song Liqiang, Luis Marino Cañas Giraldo, Elsa Margarita Trujillo Ramirez, Paola Andrea Rios, Juan Carlos Torres Millan, Edwin Giovanny Chapeta Parada, Andres Eduardo Mindiola Rochel, Andres H. Corchuelo Martinez, Ana Marãa Perez Fernandez, Nayide Barahona Guzman, Alfredo Lagares Guzman, Marena Rodriguez Ferrer, Yazmin Leon Vega, Heidi Johanna Munoz, Germán Camacho Moreno, Sandra Liliana Romero Torres, Herlidia Taboada Hernandez, Ismael A. Valderrama MarquezClaudia Linares, Monica Espinosa Valencia, Lusayda Sanchez Corrales, Sandra Milena Bonilla, Jorge Ivan Marin Uribe, David Yepes Gomez, Javier Ospina Martinez, Luz Dary Burgos Florez, Johanna Osorio, Dagoberto Santofimio, Lorena Matta Cortes, Wilmer Villamil-Gomez, Gabriel Munoz Gutierrez, Adela Arguello Ruiz, Carlos Gonzalez Fuentes, Antonio Solano Chinchilla, Ivar Calvo Hernandez, Olber Chavarria Ugalde, Humberto Guanche Garcell, Clara Morales Perez, Selin Bardak, Sumru Ozkan, Nepomuceno Mejia, Adrian M. Puello Guerrero Glenny Mirabal, Margarita Delgado, Ramona Severino, Eliesel Lacerda, Gilda Tolari, María Marcela Bovera, Diego Barahona Pinto, Pedro Fernández González, Gasdali Santacruz, Nelly Alquinga, Celso Zaruma, Nelson Remache, Diego Morocho, Mario Arboleda, Mario Cadena Zapata, Maria Fernanda Garcia, Fabricio Picoita, Jorge Velez, Marcia Valle, Estuardo Salgado Yepez, Diego Morocho Tutillo, Ricardo Arteaga Mora, Andrea Peña Padilla, Mayra Chango, Karina Cabezas, Shirley Tenorio López, Ana Lucía Bonilla Escudero, Gladys Tatiana Sánchez, Hugo Alberto Gonzalez Flores, Islam Abdullorziz Ghazi, Mohamed Hassan, Ghada A. Ismail, Reham Hamed, Mona Mohiedden Abdel-Halim, May Abd El-Fattah, Doaa Abdel-Aziz, Zeinab Salah Seliem, Rasha Hamed Elsherif, Reham Ali Dewdar, Abeer Ahmed Mohmed, Lamiaa Abdel-Fatteh Ahmed, Lilian De Jesus Machuca, Concepcion Bran De Casares, Prokopis Kithreotis, Maria Daganou, Dimitrios Veldekis, Maria Kartsonaki, Achilleas Gikas, Marco Tulio Luque Torres, Denis Padgett, Doris Maribel Rivera, Namita Jaggi, Camilla Rodrigues, Bhagyesh Shah, Keyur Parikh, Jigar Patel, Riya Thakkar, Murali Chakravarthy, B.N. Gokul, R. Sukanya, Leema Pushparaj, Thejas Vini, Sukanya Rangaswamy, Saroj Kumar Patnaik, Vempati Venkateshwar, Biju John, Shamsher Dalal, Suneeta Sahu, Samir Sahu, Banambar Ray, Sudhiranjan Misra, Nisith Mohanty, Biraj Mohan Mishra, Prafulla Sahoo, Naresh Parmar, Sanghamitra Mishra, Basanta Kumar Pati, Santosh Singh, Bhabani Shankar Pati, Aparajita Panda, Swarna Banergee, Dipankar Padhihari, Soumya Samal, Karthikeya Varma, Velu Pandi Suresh Kumar, Ram Gopalakrishnan, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, Babu Kuruvilla Abraham, Senthilkumar Rajagopal, Ramesh Venkatraman, Ashwin Kumar Mani, Dedeepiya Devaprasad, Lakshmi Ranganathan, Thara Francis, Kotturathu Mammen Cherain, Bala Ramachandran, Ravikumar Krupanandan, S. Muralidharan, Murali Karpagam, Baby Padmini, S. Saranya, Siva Kumar, Nirav Pandya, Rajesh Kakkar, Tenzin Zompa, Narinder Saini, Srinivas Samavedam, Ganshyam Jagathkar, Suhas Nirkhiwale, G.S. Gehlot, Shefali Bhattacharya, Sanjeev Sood, Suman Singh, Sanjeev Singh, Subhash Kumar Todi, Mahuya Bhattacharyya, Arpita Bhakta, Susmita Basu, Anuradha Agarwal, Manoj Agarwal, Mohit Kharbanda, Sankar Sengupta, Anirban Karmakar, Debkishore Gupta, Ajoy Krishna Sarkar, Rimita Dey, Chandramouli Bhattacharya, Mammen Chandy, V.R. Ramanan, Aseem Mahajan, Manas Roy, Sanjay Bhattacharya, Saswati Sinha, Indranil Roy, Umesh Gupta, Sujoy Mukherjee, Mrinmoy Bej, Purnima Mukherjee, Sumana Baidya, Afzal Azim, Asmita Sagar Sakle, Jehangir Soli Sorabjee, Mrunalini Subhash Potdar, Vaibhavi R. Subhedar, F.E. Udwadia, Hena Francis, Arpita Dwivedy, Sheena Binu, Suvin Shetty, Pravin Kumar Nair, Devendra K. Khanna, Felcy Chacko, Seelas Blessymole, Preeti Rajeev Mehta, Tanu Singhal, Sweta Shah, Vatsal Kothari, Reshma Naik, Mayur Harshadrai Patel, Deepesh Gokulchand Aggarwal, Burhanuddin Qutbuddin Jawadwala, Niketa Kaul Pawar, Shoeb Nizamuddin Kardekar, Abizer Nuruddin Manked, S.N. Myatra, J.V. Divatia, R. Kelkar, S.K. Biswas, V. Raut, S. Sampat, Alka Thool, Anil Karlekar, Sumi Nandwani, Sudhir Gupta, Sanjay Singhal, Madhu Gupta, Purva Mathur, Subodh Kumar, Kavita Sandhu, Arnab Dasgupta, Abhijeet Raha, Padmalatha Raman, Ashoo Wadhera, Binesh Badyal, Sarika Juneja, Bikas Mishra, Sunil Sharma, Megha Mehrotra, Jayant Shelgaonkar, Vikram Padbidri, Rohini Dhawale, Sheena Mary Sibin, Dileep Mane, Hanamant Kashinath Sale, Mohammad Mukhit Abdul Gaffar Kazi, Supriya Chabukswar, Anju Mathew, Dipti Gaikwad, Amol Harshe, Gita Nadimpalli, Sunil Bhamare, Soniya Thorat, Omnarayan Sarda, Pattabhiramarao Nadimpalli, Angelina Mendonca, Sujata Malik, Asmita Kamble, Nilakshi Kumari, Sohini Arora, Nita Munshi, Deepa Ganesh Divekar, Maithili Satish Kavathekar, Anuja Kedar Kulkarni, Madhupriya Vijay Suryawanshi, Madhavi Latha Bommala, Anil Bilolikar, Kashmira Limaye Joshi, Charulata Pamnani, Harvinder Wasan, Sonali Khamkar, Leena Steephen, Arjun Rajalakshmi, Anzar Thair, Aisha Mubarak, Swathy Sathish, Suresh Kumar, H. Sunil, Sujith Sujith, null Dinesh, Nagamani Sen, Nitin Shinde, Masoud Alebouyeh, Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat, Mohammad Reza Zali, Mohammad Reza Sarbazi, Nahid Mansouri, Elahe Tajeddin, Maryam Razaghi, Simasadat Seyedjavadi, Marjan Rashidan, Mansoor Masjedi, Behzad Maghsudi, Golnar Sabetian, Anahita Sanaei, Atefeh Yousefipour, Abdullah Mufareh Assiri, Elaine Mari Furukawa-Cinquini, Areej Dhafer Alshehri, Alysia Faye Giani, Nadia Lynette Demaisip, Elizabeth Laungayan Cortez, Analen Fabros Cabato, Jerlie Mae Gonzales Celiz, Ibrahim A.M. Al-Zaydani Asiri, Yassir Khidir Mohammed, Mohammed Abdullah Al Raey, Ali Omer Abdul Aziz, Saeed Ali Al Darani, Misbah Rehman Aziz, Roaa Hasan Basri, Duaa Khalil Al-Awadi, Syed Zahid Bukhari, Rosita Gasmin Aromin, Evangelina Balon Ubalde, Apsia Musa Molano, Hessa Abdullah Al Enizy, Celia Flores Baldonado, Fatima Mohammad Al Adwani, Arlu Marie Casuyon Pahilanga, Avigail M. Tan, Sonia Joseph, Deepa Sasidharan Nair, Nabeela Abdullah Al-Abdullah, Grace Sindayen, Annalyn Amor Malificio, Diaa Abdullah Mohammed, Hanan Mesfer Al Ghamdi, Ameurfina Curioso Silo, Marianina Brenda V. Valisto, Nektarios Foteinakis, Sameeh Salem Ghazal, Mercy V. Joseph, Ahmed Hakawi, Antigona Hasani, Ismet Jusufi, Gazmend Spahija, Nehat Baftiu, Agreta Gecaj-Gashi, Nasser Yehia Aly, Mohammad El-Dossoky Noweir, Suga Thomas Varghese, Ruby Jose Ramapurath, Amna Mostafa Mohamed, Sneha Mary George, Anu Kurian, Amani Fouad Sayed, Mona Foda Salama, Abeer Aly Omar, Flavie Maria Rebello, Dennis Malungcot Narciso, Nada Kara Zahreddine, Zeina Kanafani, Tala Kardas, Bassel Molaeb, Lamia Jurdi, Anwar Al Souheil, Mohamad Ftouni, Hasan Ayash, Tahsine Mahfouz, Tomas Kondratas, Dovile Grinkeviciute, Rimantas Kevalas, Greta Gailiene, Algirdas Dagys, Milena Petrovska, Katja Popovska, Zaneta Bogoevska-Miteva, Katerina Jankovska, Snezana Tufekcievska Guroska, Tanja Anguseva, Wan Nurbayah Wan Yusoff, Anis Shiham Zainal Abidin, Chin Seng Gan, Hasimah Zainol, Vineya Rai, Wong Kang Kwong, Mohd Shahnaz Hasan, Sasheela Sri La Sri Ponnampala, Jeyaganesh Veerakumaran, Ojan Assadian, Doan Mai Phuong, Nguyen Gia Binh, Kerinjeet Kaur, Joelene Lim, Lian-Huat Tan, Jegathesan Manikavasagam, Yuet-Meng Cheong, Hilario Coronado Magaña, Julio Cesar Mijangos Méndez, Federico Corona Jiménez, Sergio Esparza-Ahumada, Rayo Morfin-Otero, Eduardo Rodriguez-Noriega, Susana Gutierrez-Martinez, Hector Raul Perez-Gomez, Gerardo León-Garnica, Christian Mendoza-Mujica, Martha Cecilia Culebro Burguet, Jorge Horacio Portillo-Gallo, Fernando Aguilera Almazán, Gaspar Iglesias Miramontes, Maria del Rosario Vázquez Olivas, Lucio Alberto Aguilar Angel, Marisol Sanchez Vargas, Angel Orlando Flores Alvarado, Roberto Carlos Mares Morales, Luis Carlos Fernandez Alvarez, Hector Armando Rincon Leon, Karla Reyna Navarro Fuentes, Yuri Mariela Perez Hernandez, Gabriela Martinez Falcon, Angel Gonzalez Vargas, Marco A. Trujillo Juarez, Antonio Martinez Mulia, Paulina Alma Ulloa Camacho, Martha Y. Martinez-Marroquin, Marco Montell Garcia, Araceli Martinez Martinez, Elena Leon Sanchez, Guadalupe Gomez Flores, Marisela del Rocío González Martínez, Jesús Alfonso Galindo Olmeda, Georgina Olivarez, Enrique Barbachano Rodriguez, María Magdalena Gutierrez Castillo, María Guadalupe Villa González, Isaura Beatriz Sauceda Castañeda, Jaime Martínez Rodriguez, Otgon Baatar, Byambadorj Batkhuu, Kabiri Meryem, Barkat Amina, Rédouane Abouqal, Amine Ali Zeggwagh, Tarek Dendane, Khalid Abidi, Naoufel Madani, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Badaruddin A. Memon, Gul Hassan Bhutto, Nadeem Paul, Azra Parveen, Aun Raza, Amjad Mahboob, Summiya Nizamuddin, Faisal Sultan, Hammad Nazeer, Ashraf Ali Khan, Arifa Hafeez, Lydia Lara, Trudell Mapp, Balkys Alvarez, Magda Ivonne Rojas-Bonilla, Elizabeth Castano, Daisy A. De Moros, Roberto Espinoza Atarama, Maria Elena Calisto Pazos, Alfredo Paucar, Marlene Tasayco Ramos, Jenny Jurado, Dafne Moreno, Marãa E. Cruz Saldarriaga, Eliza Ramirez, Carlos Enrique La Hoz Vergara, Walter Enrique Prudencio Leon, Luis Isidro Castillo Bravo, Katya Fernanda Aibar Yaranga, Janet E. Pichilingue Chagray, Vanessa A. Marquez Mondalgo, Socorro Torres Zegarra, Nazario Silva Astete, Francisco Campos Guevara, Javier Soto Pastrana, Carlos F. Linares Calderon, Manuel Jesus Mayorga Espichan, Luis Martin Santivanez Monge, Maria V. Changano Rodriguez, Zoila Rosa Diaz Tavera, Fernando Martin Ramirez Wong, Selene Manga Chavez, Teodora Atencio-Espinoza, Victoria D. Villanueva, Maria Teresa Blanco-Abuy, Arnefelina S. Tamayo, Lailane D. Bergosa, Cristina Mari Jean P. Llames, Marilou F. Trajano, Suzette A. Bunsay, Jessica C. Amor, Regina Berba, Maria Carmen Sg Buenaflor, Ever Labro, Myrna T. Mendoza, Ofelia P. Javellana, Lilibeth G. Salvio, Rhoda Gay Rayco, Vanessa Bermudez, Andrzej Kubler, Marzena Zielinska, Magdalena Kosmider-Zurawska, Barbara Barteczko-Grajek, Ewa Szewczyk, Barbara Dragan, Malgorzata Anna Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, Tomasz Lazowski, Elsie Cancel, Monica Sorina Licker, Liliana Alina Dragomirescu, Victor Dumitrascu, Dorel Sandesc, Ovidiu Bedreag, Marius Papurica, Delia Muntean, Igor Kotkov, Vladimir Kretov, Vladimir Shalapuda, Alexander Molkov, Sergey Puzanov, Ivan Utkin, Alexander Tchekulaev, Valentina Tulupova, Ljubica Nikolic, Goran Ristic, Jelena Eremija, Jelena Kojovic, Dragana Lekic, Sladjana Vasiljevic, Anna Lesnakova, Alzbeta Marcekova, Katarina Furova, May Osman Gamar Elanbya, Malik Abdo Ali, Shobhana Kumari Kadankunnel, Suwara Somabutr, Rungratchanee Pimathai, Suthinee Wanitanukool, Montri Luxsuwong, Namphon Supa, Pornpheth Prasan, Visanu Thamlikitkul, Silom Jamulitrat, Nonglak Suwalak, Parichart Phainuphong, Bouziri Asma, Borgi Aida, Bel Hadj Sarra, Khaldi Ammar, Gunay Tuncer Ertem, Cemal Bulut, Cigdem Ataman Hatipoglu, Fatma Sebnem Erdinc, Ali Pekcan Demiroz, Menekse Ozcelik, Basak Ceyda Meco, Mehmet Oral, Necmettin Unal, Cigdem Yildirim Guclu, Tanıl Kendirli, Erdal İnce, Ergin Çiftçi, Ayhan Yaman, Çağlar Ödek, Adem Karbuz, Bilge Aldemir Kocabaş, Nilgün Altın, Salih Cesur, Begum Atasay, Omer Erdeve, Hasan Akduman, Dilek Kahvecioglu, Ufuk Cakir, Duran Yildiz, Atila Kilic, Saadet Arsan, Dilek Arman, Serhat Unal, Yasemin Gelebek, Humeyra Zengin, Suha Sen, Hatice Cabadak, Ayse Erbay, Ata Nevzat Yalcin, Ozge Turhan, Melike Cengiz, Oguz Dursun, Perihan Gunasan, Sehnaz Kaya, Atilla Ramazanoglu, Cemal Ustun, Aliye Yasayacak, Hayrettin Akdeniz, Fatma Sirmatel, Ali Metin Otkun, Suzan Sacar, Alper Sener, Huseyn Turgut, Hulya Sungurtekin, Dogaç Ugurcan, Ceyda Necan, Cansu Yilmaz, Davut Ozdemir, Mehmet Faruk Geyik, Nevin Ince, Ayse Danis, Selvi Yener Erdogan, Nurettin Erben, Gaye Usluer, Ilhan Ozgunes, Cengiz Uzun, Oral Oncul, Levent Gorenek, Hakan Erdem, Orhan Baylan, Asu Ozgultekin, Asuman Inan, Sibel Bolukcu, Gunes Senol, Halil Ozdemir, Zeynel Gokmen, Sonay Incesoy Ozdemir, Ali Kaya, Gulden Ersoz, Necdet Kuyucu, Sevim Karacorlu, Zeynep Kaya, Ertugrul Guclu, Gulsume Kaya, Oguz Karabay, Saban Esen, Canan Aygun, Fatma Ulger, Ahmet Dilek, Hava Yilmaz, Mustafa Sunbul, Aynur Engin, Mehmet Bakir, Nazif Elaldi, Iftihar Koksal, Dincer Yildizdas, Ozden Ozgur Horoz, Ayşe Willke, Meliha Meriç Koç, Emel Azak, Naheed Elahi, Philip Annamma, Ashraf El Houfi, Maria Catalina Pirez Garcia, Hector Vidal, Fernando Perez, Gabriel D. Empaire, Yvis Ruiz, Dulce Hernandez, Dayana Aponte, Evelyn Salinas, Claudia Diaz, María Eugenia Guzmán Siritt, Zenaida Durán Gil De Añez, Luis Montes Bravo, Nelva Orozco, Eugenia Mejías, Nguyen Viet Hung, Nguyen Quoc Anh, Ngo Quy Chau, Truong Anh Thu, Le Thi Diem Tuyet, Dang Thi Van Trang, Vo Thi Hong Thoa, Nguyen Phuc Tien, Le Thi Anh Thu, Phan Thi Hang, Tran Thi My Hanh, Tran Thi Thuy Hang, Dinh Pham Phuong Anh, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, KILIÇ, ATİLA, and MERİÇ KOÇ, MELİHA
Subjects: Imipenem, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Low income countries, Asia, Epidemiology, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Health care-associated infection, Antibiotic resistance, Catheter-associated urinary tract infection, Ceftazidime, Network, Bloodstream infection, Developing countries, Nosocomial infection, Intensive care, medicine, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Humans, Hospital infection, Prospective Studies, Urinary tract infection, Cross Infection, Infection Control, biology, business.industry, Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Nosocomial infection control, biology.organism_classification, Device-associated infection, United States, Europe, Pneumonia, Intensive Care Units, Infectious Diseases, Latin America, Amikacin, Emergency medicine, Africa, Limited resources countries, Central line-associated bloodstream infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Maghsoudi, Behzad/0000-0002-1279-8799; Kritsotakis, Evangelos/0000-0002-9526-3852; Yalcin, Ata Nevzat/0000-0002-7243-7354; Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, Malgorzata A/0000-0002-1148-7817; ALDEMIR KOCABAS, Bilge/0000-0002-6396-5243; Masjedi, Mohammad Reza/0000-0002-6871-382X; Masjedi, Mansoor/0000-0001-6175-9289; Gan, Chin Seng/0000-0002-6758-4798; Oncul, Oral/0000-0002-1681-1866; Sabetian, Golnar/0000-0001-8764-2150; YAMAN, Ayhan/0000-0002-5651-1286; Ozdemir, Halil/0000-0002-7318-1688; Leon, Hector Armando Rincon/0000-0003-0715-200X; Delia, Muntean/0000-0001-9100-4530; Atasay, Fatma Begum/0000-0002-9114-5293; Zand, Farid/0000-0003-3489-3372; Kuchenbecker, Ricardo/0000-0002-4707-3683; Medeiros, Eduardo A/0000-0002-6205-259X; ROMERO LOPEZ-ALBERCA, CRISTINA/0000-0001-5856-8668; Salomao, Reinaldo/0000-0003-1149-4598; ozdemir, sonay incesoy/0000-0003-2863-901X; Meco, Basak Ceyda/0000-0003-2951-9634; Horoz, Ozden Ozgur/0000-0001-7590-650X; Horhat, Florin George/0000-0001-6133-0204; Kazi, Mohammad Mukhit/0000-0003-3824-5540; Ciftci, Ergin/0000-0002-4955-160X; Abouqal, Redouane/0000-0002-6117-4341; Leblebicioglu, Hakan/0000-0002-6033-8543; Garcell, Humberto Guanche/0000-0001-7279-0062; Kendirli, Tanil/0000-0001-9458-2803; de Souza, Maria Cecilia B V/0000-0003-0318-3087; Sanaei Dashti, Anahita/0000-0002-2827-3575; UNAL, SERHAT/0000-0003-1184-4711; alvarez Moreno, carlos Arturo/0000-0001-5419-4494; Barahona G., Nayide/0000-0003-3559-6900; Rodriguez Ferrer, Marena Luz/0000-0002-8053-8454; Karabay, Oguz/0000-0003-0502-432X; Kaya, Sehnaz/0000-0003-0002-1517; ERDEVE, OMER/0000-0002-3193-0812; Gonzalez Martinez, Marisela del Rocio/0000-0003-1474-736X; Gikas, Achilleas/0000-0002-8455-9631; Baylan, Orhan/0000-0002-6529-7824; Mitrev, Zan/0000-0001-7859-8821; yildizdas, dincer/0000-0003-0739-5108; Ngo, Quy Chau/0000-0002-6787-2757; Duszynska, Wieslawa/0000-0002-5880-4904; KAYA, ZEYNEP/0000-0002-8468-2103; Dragan, Barbara/0000-0003-3108-4211; Gupta, Umesh/0000-0001-7717-1404; Navarro Fuentes, Karla Reyna/0000-0002-6894-8872; zali, Mohammadreza/0000-0002-9027-4560; Morocho Tutillo, Diego Rolando/0000-0002-4974-7856; El Kholy, Amani/0000-0002-0645-7664; Kanj, Souha/0000-0001-6413-3396; Assiri, Abdullah/0000-0002-5605-2876; Unal, Necmettin/0000-0002-9440-7893; Jayatilleke, Kushlani/0000-0002-3931-6630; KARABAY, OGUZ/0000-0003-1514-1685 WOS: 000341307100001 PubMed: 25179325 We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U. S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN. Copyright (C) 2014 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014

19. The antipsoriatic drug dimethylfumarate strongly suppresses chemokine production in human keratinocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Author: D.M. Boorsma, Cornelis P. Tensen, Cees Nieboer, S. Sampat, T.J. Stoof, and Jacoba Flier
Subjects: Keratinocytes, Chemokine, Dimethyl Fumarate, Cell Culture Techniques, Down-Regulation, Dermatology, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fumarates, Interferon, medicine, Humans, Psoriasis, CXCL10, RNA, Messenger, Interleukin 8, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, biology, Dimethyl fumarate, Blotting, Northern, Molecular biology, Blot, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biochemistry, chemistry, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, biology.protein, Dermatologic Agents, Keratinocyte, Chemokines, CXC, Immunosuppressive Agents, medicine.drug
Abstract: BACKGROUND The effectiveness of systemic treatment of psoriasis with fumaric acid esters has been proven, but their mode of action at the cellular and molecular level has not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES To study the effect of dimethylfumarate (DMF) on the production of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, formerly known as GROalpha, interleukin-8, Mig, IP-10 and IP-9/I-TAC, respectively, in human keratinocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). METHODS Cultured keratinocytes were stimulated with interferon (IFN) -gamma to produce CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and with phorbol myristate acetate to produce CXCL1 and CXCL8 in the absence and presence of DMF (5, 15 and 45 micromol L(-1)). PBMC were stimulated with either IFN-gamma to produce CXCL9 and CXCL10 or lipopolysaccharide to produce CXCL8, in the absence and presence of DMF (5, 15 and 45 micromol L(-1)). RNA preparations from isolated keratinocytes were analysed by Northern blotting; protein production by keratinocytes and PBMC was monitored by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Northern blot analysis on isolated keratinocyte RNA preparations showed a dose-dependent inhibition of CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 transcription by DMF. At 45 micromol L(-1) the inhibition was almost complete. In addition, keratinocytes and PBMC showed in the presence of DMF a dose-dependent inhibition of CXCL8, CXCL9 and CXCL10 protein production. CONCLUSIONS These results show the ability of DMF to inhibit the production of chemokines that may be critically involved in the development and perpetuation of psoriatic lesions. This might explain, at least in part, the beneficial effects of treatment with fumaric acid esters in psoriasis patients.
Published: 2001

20. Chemokine IP-10 expression in cultured human keratinocytes

Author: D.M. Boorsma, Cornelis P. Tensen, Rein Willemze, T. J. Stoof, Jeffrey S. Flier, L. Hooft, C. Ottevanger, P. de Haan, S. Sampat, and Other departments
Subjects: Keratinocytes, Male, Chemokine, Time Factors, Transcription, Genetic, Gene Expression, Antineoplastic Agents, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Dermatology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Interferon-gamma, Gene expression, medicine, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Northern blot, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Protein kinase C, Skin, Regulation of gene expression, Messenger RNA, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, biology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, General Medicine, Molecular biology, Chemokine CXCL10, medicine.anatomical_structure, Gene Expression Regulation, Cell culture, biology.protein, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate, Keratinocyte, Chemokines, CXC, Interleukin-1
Abstract: IP-10, a member of the CXC family of chemokines, is considered to play an important role in inflammation via its T-cell chemotactic and adhesion-promoting properties. Elevated IP-10 levels in the epidermis of psoriasis, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and fixed drug eruptions prompted us to study its expression in keratinocytes. IP-10 mRNA could be detected using the sensitive RT-PCR method, but not by Northern blotting in RNA preparations from unstimulated normal cultured keratinocytes, indicating a low steady-state level of IP-10 mRNA. Upon stimulation with IFN-gamma, IP-10 mRNA was found to accumulate in high amounts in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Superexpression was found with the combination of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha or IL-1, although these latter cytokines by themselves did not induce accumulation of IP-10 mRNA. Nuclear run-on experiments performed to investigate the regulation of IP-10 mRNA expression, showed a very high constitutive transcriptional activity of the IP-10 gene in unstimulated keratinocytes, which was not affected by stimulation with IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or a combination of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Protein kinase C (PKC) was shown to be involved in IP-10 mRNA expression since the PKC inhibitor H7 decreased IP-10 mRNA accumulation. A protein was isolated from culture supernatants of stimulated keratinocytes using HPLC techniques and, by sequence analysis, was found to be identical to IP-10. The dynamics of secretion of IP-10 protein as monitored by ELISA was shown to parallel the mRNA expression.
Published: 1998

21. Malignant germ cell tumors in childhood

Author: Chandrika N. Nair, Tapan K. Saikia, Purna Kurkure, Reena Nair, Suresh H. Advani, Ramakrishnan Gopal, Suresh K. Pai, and Mridula S. Sampat
Subjects: Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, India, Vinblastine, Bleomycin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Testicular Neoplasms, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, Child, Etoposide, Ovarian Neoplasms, Cisplatin, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Infant, Combination chemotherapy, General Medicine, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Methotrexate, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Child, Preschool, Female, Surgery, Germinoma, Germ cell tumors, business, Germ cell, medicine.drug
Abstract: The outlook for patients with germ cell tumors was poor before the advent of effective chemotherapy. In this study the outcome of multiagent chemotherapy in children treated for germ cell tumor is assessed. Between January 1984 and December 1990, 107 patients were diagnosed to have germ cell tumors. Postsurgical therapy was based on tumor site, stage, and histology. Combination chemotherapy was employed in patients with Stages I and II disease with postoperative raised tumor markers and all patients with Stages III and IV. Between 1984-1988, patients received cisplatin, vinblastin, bleomycin, and methotrexate (PVB-M), and thereafter between 1988-1990, they received bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP). Of 34 patients treated with PVB-M and 27 treated with BEP, the complete remission rate was 40% and 85%, respectively, and the overall survival was 30% at 5 years for PVB-M and 80% at 3 years for BEP. We conclude that etoposide with cisplatin is superior to vinblastin with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced germ cell tumors because of greater efficacy, decreased toxicity, and better compliance in children.
Published: 1994

22. The significance of Leu 8 negative T cells in lymphoid skin infiltrates: malignant transformation, selective homing or T-cell activation?

Author: D.M. Boorsma, Peter de Haan, S. Sampat, J.U. Rijlaarsdam, and Rein Willemze
Subjects: Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte, Skin Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, T cell, Dermatology, Lymphocyte Activation, Skin Diseases, Malignant transformation, Leukocyte Count, Mycosis Fungoides, Antigen, medicine, Humans, Skin, Phytohaemagglutinin, Mycosis fungoides, biology, HLA-DR Antigens, T lymphocyte, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, medicine.anatomical_structure, Concanavalin A, Immunology, biology.protein, CD8
Abstract: SUMMARY The expression of Leu 8 was studied on skin biopsies from a large group of patients with benign and malignant skin disorders and correlated with the expression of T-cell differentiation antigens and activation markers. The effect of in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood T cells and T-cell subsets on the expression of Leu 8 antigen was also determined. In all the skin diseases studied an inverse relationship was found between the proportions of cells expressing Leu 8 and HLA-DR. A deficiency of Leu 8 positive cells was not specific for mycosis fungoides, but was also found in several reactive dermatoses. Stimulation of peripheral blood cells with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and anti-CD3-PMA resulted in a considerable decrease of Leu 8 antigen expression on day 3 in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These data suggest that the low proportion of Leu 8+ T cells in mycosis fungoides and several reactive skin disorders is not related to malignant transformation or selective homing of Leu 8- T cells, but probably results from local T-cell activation.
Published: 1990

23. Induction of cytokine (interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and chemokine (CCL20, CCL27, and CXCL8) alarm signals after allergen and irritant exposure

Author: Rik J. Scheper, Susan Gibbs, T. J. Stoof, M. J. Toebak, D. M. Boorsma, Thomas Rustemeyer, D. P. Bruynzeel, B.M.E. von Blomberg, P. J. Van Beek, S. Sampat‐Sardjoepersad, Sander W. Spiekstra, Movement Behavior, Dermatology, Pathology, Molecular cell biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences - Restoration and Development, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, AII - Cancer immunology, and AII - Inflammatory diseases
Subjects: Keratinocytes, Chemokine, Time Factors, Caustics, medicine.medical_treatment, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Dermatology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, Surface-Active Agents, Immune system, Nickel, medicine, Humans, Secretion, Interleukin 8, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Skin, Chemokine CCL20, biology, Chemistry, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Chemokine CCL27, Interleukin-8, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Allergens, Fibroblasts, Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, CCL20, Cytokine, Chemokines, CC, Immunology, Chemokine secretion, biology.protein, Irritants, Cytokines, CCL27, Potassium Dichromate, Interleukin-1
Abstract: The immune system is called into action by alarm signals generated from injured tissues. We examined the nature of these alarm signals after exposure of skin residential cells to contact allergens (nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate) and a contact irritant [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)]. Nickel sulfate, potassium dichromate, and SDS were applied topically to the stratum corneum of human skin equivalents. A similar concentration-dependent increase in chemokine (CCL20, CCL27, and CXCL8) secretion was observed for all three chemicals. Exposure to nickel sulfate and SDS was investigated in more detail: similar to chemokine secretion, no difference was observed in the time- and concentration-dependent increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine [interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] secretion. Maximal increase in IL-1alpha secretion occurred within 2 h after exposure to both nickel sulfate and SDS and prior to increased chemokine secretion. TNF-alpha secretion was detectable 8 h after chemical exposure. After allergen or irritant exposure, increased CCL20 and CXCL8, but not CCL27, secretion was inhibited by neutralizing human antibodies to either IL-1alpha or TNF-alpha. Our data show that alarm signals consist of primary and secondary signals. IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha are released as primary alarm signals, which trigger the release of secondary chemokine (CCL20 and CXCL8) alarm signals. However, some chemokines, for example, CCL27 can be secreted in an IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha independent manner. Our data suggest that skin residential cells respond to both allergen and irritant exposure by releasing mediators that initiate infiltration of immune responsive cells into the skin.
Published: 2005

24. A case of myocarditis with huge left ventricular clot in asymptomatic COVID-19

Author: P.N. Sandhya Rani, K. Kannan, G. Manohar, C. Elamaran, S. Sampath Kumar, and A. Rudrappa
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published: 2021
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25. Genomic organization, sequence and transcriptional regulation of the human CXCL 11(1) gene

Author: C P, Tensen, J, Flier, S S, Rampersad, S, Sampat-Sardjoepersad, R J, Scheper, D M, Boorsma, and R, Willemze
Subjects: Genomic Library, Base Sequence, Transcription, Genetic, Molecular Sequence Data, Humans, Exons, RNA, Messenger, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Chemokines, CXC, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Introns, Cell Line, Chemokine CXCL11
Abstract: CXCL 11, encoded by the cDNA sequences designated beta-R1, H-174, or I-TAC, is a CXC chemokine ligand for CXCR3 and assumed to be involved in inflammatory diseases characterized by the presence of activated T-cells. We here describe the genomic organization (four exons interrupted by three introns of 585, 98 and 230 bp) and sequence including 960 bp from the immediate 5'-upstream region of the human CXCL 11 gene. Within the promoter region, consensus sequences for regulatory elements (ISRE, GAS, NF-kappaB) important for cytokine-induced gene transcription were identified. The effect of (pro)inflammatory cytokines on CXCL 11 mRNA expression in monocytic cell lines (THP-1, U937) and primary cultures of dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells were examined using Northern blot analysis. For these cell types, IFN-gamma was a potent inducer of CXCL 11 transcription, which was synergistically enhanced by TNF-alpha.
Published: 1999

26. Human IP-9: A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3)

Author: C P, Tensen, J, Flier, E M, Van Der Raaij-Helmer, S, Sampat-Sardjoepersad, R C, Van Der Schors, R, Leurs, R J, Scheper, D M, Boorsma, and R, Willemze
Subjects: Inflammation, Keratinocytes, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Chemotaxis, T-Lymphocytes, Molecular Sequence Data, CHO Cells, Ligands, Chemokine CXCL11, Cricetinae, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, RNA, Messenger, Cloning, Molecular, Receptors, Cytokine, Chemokines, CXC, Cells, Cultured, In Situ Hybridization
Abstract: Chemokines and their receptors play a crucial part in the recruitment of leukocytes into inflammatory sites. The CXC chemokines IP-10 and Mig are selective attractants for activated (memory) T cells, the predominant cell type in skin infiltrates in many inflammatory dermatoses. The selectivity for activated T cells can be explained by the fact that both chemokines exert their effects through a common receptor, CXCR3, which is nearly exclusively expressed on activated T cells. The aim of this study was to identify biologically active CXCR3 ligands produced by keratinocytes. To that end, Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing a cDNA encoding CXCR3 were challenged with proteins obtained from interferon-gamma stimulated keratinocytes and subsequently monitored for effects on second messenger systems. By this approach we were able to isolate IP-10 and Mig, and in addition identified a novel highly potent ligand for the CXCR3 receptor, designated interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9, which proved to be chemotactic for activated T cells expressing CXCR3. Protein sequence and mass spectrometric analysis followed by molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9, revealed that interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9 is a CXC chemokine with a molecular mass of 8303 Da. From a GenBank database query it became clear that interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9 is in fact the protein encoded by the cDNA sequence also known as beta-R1, H174 or I-TAC. In situ hybridization experiments showed that interferon-gamma-inducible protein-9 mRNA is expressed by basal layer keratinocytes in a variety of skin disorders, including allergic contact dermatitis, lichen planus, and mycosis fungoides suggesting a functional role for this chemokine in skin immune responses.
Published: 1999

27. Effect of calcitriol on growth, differentiation, chemokine mRNA expression of cultured keratinocytes and on keratinocyte-T cell binding

Author: P, de Haan, S, Sampat, E M, van der Raaij, I, Bruynzeel, D M, Boorsma, R, Willemze, and T J, Stoof
Subjects: Keratinocytes, Calcitriol, Chemotactic Factors, T-Lymphocytes, Cell Adhesion, Cytokines, Humans, Cell Differentiation, RNA, Messenger, Cell Division, Cells, Cultured
Abstract: Calcitriol has recently been shown to be effective against psoriasis. However, its mode of action is not exactly known. The present study focused on the influence of calcitriol on growth, differentiation, chemokine mRNA and ICAM-1 mRNA expression of keratinocytes (KC) and on the binding of T-cells to keratinocytes. In vitro studies showed that calcitriol has a strong anti-proliferative effect and induces terminal differentiation. gamma-IP-10 and ICAM-1 mRNA were induced by gamma-IFN, an induction not influenced by calcitriol. Moreover, the functional expression of ICAM-1 on the KC cell surface as measured by a cell adhesion assay, was not influenced either. IL-8 and huGRO mRNAs were constitutively produced in KC, as was demonstrated after incubation with cycloheximide. Up-regulation of both IL-8 and huGRO mRNA by IL-1 alpha was also not affected by calcitriol. It is concluded that calcitriol has a strong antiproliferative activity and does not interfere with KC responsiveness to gamma-IFN and IL-alpha induced chemokine expression or with the adhesion of T-cells to keratinocytes.
Published: 1994

28. Comparison of toxicity tests on human skin and epidermoid (A431) cells using free fatty acids as test substances

Author: A. Gerritsen, Derk P. Bruynzeel, E. M. de Boer, P. de Haan, A. E. J. Heemskerk, S. Sampat, and E. M. Van Der Raaij-Helmer
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Chromatography, Human skin, Dermatology, Metabolism, Biology, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, In vivo, Toxicity, medicine, Potency, Dermatitis, Irritant, Humans, Trypan blue, MTT assay, A431 cells, Cells, Cultured, Skin, Skin Tests
Abstract: Summary Several in-vivo methods can be used to determine the ability of chemical compounds to induce skin irritancy. In this study we estimated in vivo the capacity of several free fatty acids to induce skin irritancy and compared the results with those found in in vitro tests. Skin irritancy induced by free fatty acids (chain lengths: C6, C7, C9, C10, C11, C13 and C18) was evaluated in humans by means of laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and visual scoring (VS). Both methods demonstrated that the toxic effect of free fatty acids determined by LDF and VS increased from C6 through C11 and decreased again for C13 and C18. The cytotoxic effect of these free fatty acids on cells was measured in vitro by incubation of human epidermoid cells (A431) with these compounds. It was determined by measuring: (a) the number of dead cells by-inclusion of Trypan blue (TB); and (b) the number of living cells by mitochondrial metabolism of 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-y1]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). The LD-50 concentrations decreased from C6 through C11 in both in-vitro assays. The results of the in-vitro assays for C13 and C18 both demonstrated a discrepancy. The cytotoxic effect of the free fatty acids expressed as LD-50 values, determined after 20 min with the TB assay, was seen at higher concentrations than after incubation for 18 h (MTT assay). From the results it was concluded that C13 in particular affected skin blood flow. We also determined correlation coefficients between the in-vivo and in-vitro methods. When C13 is excluded these coefficients ranged from -0·77 to -0·92. The results clearly demonstrated that in-vitro assays are reliable test systems for determination of skin toxicity. The MTT assay is suitable for determination of the ranking in irritant potency of compounds belonging to the same group of chemicals, as this test is less time consuming.
Published: 1993

29. Delayed presentation of primary parenchymal arachnoid cyst in adult population: a rare location of a common cyst—case report and review of the literature

Author: Subhas Konar, K. V. L. Narasinga Rao, B. N. Nandeesh, and S. Sampath
Subjects: Arachnoid cyst, Parenchymal location, MRI, Surgical excision, Surgery, RD1-811, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Abstract Background Arachnoid cysts account for about 1% of all intracranial mass lesions. Intraparenchymal arachnoid cysts are an uncommon entity. Only a few reports are available in adults with the intraparenchymal arachnoid cyst. Case presentation We present a 40-year-old lady with right-side progressive hemiparesis, and radiology revealed a cystic mass located in the left posterior frontal area. She underwent craniotomy and excision of the cyst. In the postoperative period, she recovered well. Immunohistochemistry stains confirm arachnoid cyst. Conclusion This was a case of a pure frontal arachnoid cyst with delayed clinical presentation without any communication with sub-arachnoid space or ventricle.
Published: 2019
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30. Of insects and eggs: a case report

Author: S Sampat, P N Jayakumar, and Pratima Murthy
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Insecta, Eggs, Short Report, CNS cancer, Corpus callosum, Delusions, Corpus Callosum, Central nervous system disease, Delusion, mental disorders, medicine, Animals, Humans, Dementia, Brain Neoplasms, business.industry, Neurooncology, Glioma, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Surgery, Psychiatry and Mental health, Female, sense organs, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: A middle aged woman presented with delusions of infestation and multimodal hallucinations due to an underlying glioma of the corpus callosum. After surgery, the phenomena in question changed and finally disappeared. A recurrence of the tumour caused dementia.
Published: 1997

31. Development of ANFIS-based reference flux estimator and FGS-tuned speed controller for DTC of induction motor

Author: S. Sampath Kumar, R. Joseph Xavier, and S. Balamurugan
Subjects: Direct torque control, fuzzy logic, ANN, ANFIS, fuzzy gain scheduling, PI controller, Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General), TJ212-225, Automation, T59.5
Abstract: This paper discusses about self-regulating the reference flux in induction motor (IM) direct torque control (DTC) drive by fuzzy logic. Self-regulation is improved by using “Artificial Neural Network (ANN)” and “Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)” based reference flux estimators. Furthermore, PI speed controller is investigated to develop the performance of the drive. Two different PI speed controller tuning strategies, manual and Fuzzy Gain Scheduling (FGS), are compared for load torque disturbance. The results clearly show that the modified DTC of IM with “ANFIS-based reference flux estimator and FGS-tuned PI speed controller” is most suitable for torque ripple reduction and speed control.
Published: 2018
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32. A Comparative Evaluation of Risk Factors and Various Antibiotic Regimens in Postoperative Neurosurgical Infections: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Author: R. Shetty, S. Dwarakanath, H.B. Veena Kumari, S. Sampath, and B.A. Chandramouli
Subjects: antibiotics, infections, cefazolin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, Surgery, RD1-811, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Abstract Introduction Postoperative neurosurgical infections are a major problem, and the importance of keeping them to an absolute minimum cannot but be overemphasized. In this prospective study, we plan to evaluate the efficacy of three antibiotic regimens designed keeping the availability, affordability, and efficacy upon the common bacterial flora isolated at our center. We will also analyze the incidence and evaluate the risk factors of surgical site infections following clean, nonimplant, fresh, elective craniotomies. Material and Methods This prospective randomized control study was conducted at our institute, a tertiary referral center, for a period of 2 years. The study cohort included all patients undergoing clean, nonimplant, fresh, elective craniotomies at our institute. The antibiotic protocol was chosen according to the current bacterio-epidemiological data based on the prevalence of infectious agent. One of the three drug regimens was chosen. Results The results of univariate analysis revealed that there are multiple factors that are significantly associated with postoperative surgical site infection. In the multivariate analysis, only the presence of cerebrospinal fluid leak was the most significant factor associated with postoperative infections. Among the three different antibiotic regimens, cefazolin and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid were much better prophylactic agents for preventing surgical site infections when compared with cefotaxime. Conclusion The present study has provided an insight into the incidence and risk factors contributing to surgical site infections as well as the efficacious antibiotic regimen protocols. The present study is one of the few studies to compare the efficacy of different antibiotic regimen protocols and also prospectively analyze the factors contributing to postoperative infections. This study will help us in optimizing the prophylaxis protocols and prevent emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, especially in a country like India.
Published: 2017
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33. The incidence and effect of coagulopathy on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing craniotomy following traumatic brain injury

Author: Sonia Bansal, Rohini M. Surve, Madhusudhan B. Rao, Bhadri V. Narayan, Mariamma Philip, and S. Sampath
Subjects: coagulopathy, post-operative outcome, traumatic brain injury, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract: Background: Coagulopathy in isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well-known, and studies have found an association between coagulopathy and unfavourable outcomes. This study was conducted to determine the incidence and causes of coagulopathy in patients with TBI undergoing craniotomy and its effect on post-operative outcome. Materials and Methods: The data collected was demographics, computed tomography diagnosis, post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pre- and post-operative platelet count, liver function tests, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, fluids infused and incidence of redo surgery. Point of care (Coaguchek XS) monitor was used to obtain prothrombin time and international normalised ratio (INR) at 24 h and 72 h of injury. Coagulopathy was defined as INR ≥1.3 and thrombocytopenia as platelet count ≤100,000/mcL. Outcome measures assessed were the length of hospital stay, GCS at discharge and in-hospital mortality. Results: In 166 patients, the average pre-operative GCS was 8.8 ± 3.6. The incidence of coagulopathy was 42.8% and increased to 55.6% on the 3rd day, and thrombocytopenia from 3.5% in the first 24 h increased to 14.7% at 72 h. Patients with coagulopathy had lower pre-operative admission GCS (median 7 vs. 9, P = 0.03), greater intraoperative blood loss and received more intravenous fluids. There was no difference in the incidence of post-operative haematomas, length of hospital stay and GCS at discharge or mortality. Conclusion: In patients with TBI, the incidence of coagulopathy increased at the end of 72 h. In this study, there was no difference in outcomes in patients who underwent craniotomy with deranged coagulation.
Published: 2017
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34. An Eight-Term Novel Four-Scroll Chaotic System with Cubic Nonlinearity and its Circuit Simulation

Author: S. Sampath, S. Vaidyanathan, Ch. K. Volos, and V.-T. Pham
Subjects: Chaos, chaotic systems, four-scroll system, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, circuit simulation. ________________________________________________________________, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Technology (General), T1-995
Abstract: This research work proposes an eight-term novel four-scroll chaotic system with cubic nonlinearity and analyses its fundamental properties such as dissipativity, equilibria, symmetry and invariance, Lyapunov exponents and KaplanYorke dimension. The phase portraits of the novel chaotic system, which are obtained in this work by using MATLAB, depict the four-scroll attractor of the system. For the parameter values and initial conditions chosen in this work, the Lyapunov exponents of the novel four-scroll chaotic system are obtained as L1 = 0.75335, L2 = 0 and L3 = −22.43304. Also, the Kaplan-Yorke dimension of the novel four-scroll chaotic system is obtained as DKY = 2.0336. Finally, an electronic circuit realization of the novel four-scroll chaotic system is presented by using SPICE to confirm the feasibility of the theoretical model.
Published: 2014

35. Korrosion von Aluminium in Salzgemischen und Korrosionseinfluß von Kupferionen

Author: B. A. Pandya, S. S. Sampat, J. C. Vora, and A. M. Trivedi
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering, Bicarbonate, Inorganic chemistry, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, General Medicine, Chloride, Copper, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Corrosion, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Aluminium, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, medicine.drug
Abstract: Die Korrosion von Aluminium wurde in ruhenden Losungen mit den Salzgemischen NaCl + NaHCO3, Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 und NaCl + Na2CO3 untersucht, wobei ebenfalls die Wirkung von Kupferionenzusatzen berucksichtigt wurde. Es stellte sich heraus, das flache Lochfrasstellen nur dann entstehen, wenn sowohl Chloride als auch Bicarbonate anwesend sind. Zusatz von Kupferionen erhoht gelegentlich die Zahl der Lochfrasstellen, kann jedoch gleichzeitig die Korrosion als solche verringern. Corrosion of aluminium in mixtures of salts and effect of copper ions Corrosion of aluminium has been studied in stagnant condition, in mixtures of salts, NaCl + NaHCO3, Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 and NaCl + Na2CO3; effect of addition of copper ions has also been studied. It has been found that (shallow) pits are formed only when both chloride and bicarbonate are present. Addition of copper ions occasionally increases the numbers of pits but may some times decrease corrosion.
Published: 1970

36. Aliphatische Amine als Inhibitoren für Essigsäure

Author: A. M. Trivedi, J. C. Vora, S. S. Sampat, and N. K. Patel
Subjects: Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Metals and Alloys, General Medicine, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Acetic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mechanics of Materials, Polymer chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Amine gas treating, Experimental work, Isopropyl
Abstract: Versuche mit Methylamin, Athylamin, Isopropylamin und Cyclohexylamin und kaltgewalztem Messing in 0,05 bis 0,5 n Essigsaure zeigen, das die Inhibierung ihr Maximum erreicht, wenn die Losung durch das Amin neutralisiert ist; hoherer Inhibitorzusatz kann die Korrrosion verstarken. Aliphatic amines as inhibitors for acetic acid Experimental work with methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and cyclohexyl amines and cold rolled brass in 0.05 to 0.5 N acetic acid have shown, that inhibition arrives at its maximum when the solution is neutralized by the added amine; higher amine doses may increase corrosion.
Published: 1970

37. Crystal structure of piperidinium 4-nitrophenolate

Author: N. Swarna Sowmya, S. Sampathkrishnan, S. Sudhahar, G. Chakkaravarthi, and R. Mohan Kumar
Subjects: crystal structure, molecular salt, piperidinium, 4-nitrophenol, hydrogen bonding, C—H...π interactions, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract: In the title molecular salt, C5H12N+·C6H4NO3−, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation and the cation is protonated at the N atom. In the anion, the nitro group is twisted at an angle of 10.30 (11)° with respect to the attached benzene ring. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link adjacent anions and cations into infinite chains propagating along [100]. The chains are linked by C—H...π interactions, forming sheets lying parallel to (001).
Published: 2014
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38. Action of Some Colloids on Corrosion of 3S Aluminium in Trichloroacetic Acid

Author: S. S. SAMPAT, R. M. OZA, and J. C. VORA
Subjects: Aluminium alloy, Polarization, Colloids
Abstract: Chemistry Department, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-9. Manuscript received 17 October 1973 r accepted 1 July 1974 Action of Some Colloids on Corrosion of 3S Aluminium in Trichloroacetic Acid.
Published: 1974
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39. ChemInform Abstract: CORROSION INHIBITION OF 3S ALUMINIUM IN TRICHLOROACETIC ACID BY METHYL PYRIDINES

Author: S. S. SAMPAT and J. C. VORA
Subjects: General Medicine
Published: 1975

40. ChemInform Abstract: ETHANOLAMINES AS CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR ALUMINUM 3S IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID, ACTION OF SOME COLLOIDS ON CORROSION OF 3S ALUMINUM IN TRICHLOROACETIC ACID, CORROSION OF 3S ALUMINUM IN THE MIXTURE OF ACID SOLUTIONS

Author: R. M. Oza, S. S. Sampat, S. C. Makwana, R. R. Patel, N. K. Patel, M. N. Desai, and J. C. Vora
Subjects: Colloid, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Aluminium, Inorganic chemistry, Ethanolamines, chemistry.chemical_element, Hydrochloric acid, General Medicine, Trichloroacetic acid, Corrosion
Published: 1975

41. ChemInform Abstract: NATRIUMDIAETHYLDITHIOCARBAMAT ALS KORROSIONSHEMMER FUER ALUMINIUM IN TRICHLORESSIGSAEURE

Author: A. M. Trivedi, J. C. Vora, and S. S. Sampat
Subjects: Chemistry, Metallurgy, General Medicine
Published: 1972

42. Crystal structure of 2-phenylethanaminium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate

Author: N. Swarna Sowmya, S. Sampathkrishnan, R. Akilan, G. Chakkaravarthi, and R. Mohan Kumar
Subjects: crystal structure, molecular salt, aminium, 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate, hydrogen bonding, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract: The title molecular salt, C8H12N+·C4H3O4−, crystallized with two independent cations and anions in the asymmetric unit. The ethanaminium side chains of the cations exhibit anti conformations [C—C—C—N torsion angles = 176.5 (3) and −179.4 (3)°]. In the crystal, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds connect adjacent anions and cations, and , O—H...O hydrogen bonds connect adjacent anions, generating sheets parallel to (001).
Published: 2015
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43. Crystal structure of 2-phenylethylaminium 4-nitrophenolate monohydrate

Author: N. Swarna Sowmya, S. Sampathkrishnan, S. Sudhahar, R. Mohan Kumar, and G. Chakkaravarthi
Subjects: crystal structure, 2-phenylethylaminium, 4-nitrophenolate, hydrated salt, O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking interactions, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract: In the title hydrated molecular salt, C8H12N+·C6H4NO3−·H2O, the conformation of the side chain in the cation is anti [C—C—C—N = 179.62 (12)°] and the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the nitro group in the anion is 3.34 (11)°. In the crystal, the components are linked by O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating (10-1) sheets, which feature R44(21) loops. The sheets interact by weak aromatic π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.896 (3) Å], forming a three-dimensional network.
Published: 2014
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44. Detection and Characterization of Ignitable Liquid Residues in Forensic Fire Debris Samples by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Author: Andjoe A. S. Sampat, Brenda van Daelen, Martin Lopatka, Hans Mol, Guido van der Weg, Gabriel Vivó-Truyols, Marjan Sjerps, Peter J. Schoenmakers, and Arian C. van Asten
Subjects: Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, GC×GC, GC×GC-TOFMS, fire debris analysis, ignitable liquids, arson, forensic fire investigation, medium petroleum distillate, simulated fire debris samples, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: This study covers an extensive experimental design that was developed for creating simulated fire debris samples under controlled conditions for the detection and identification of ignitable liquids (IL) residues. This design included 19 different substrates, 45 substrate combinations with and without ignitable liquids, and 45 different ILs from three classes (i.e., white spirit, gasoline, and lamp oil). Chemical analysis was performed with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) for improved separation and compound identification. The enhanced peak capacity offered by GC×GC-TOFMS allowed the use of a target compound list in combination with a simple binary decision model to arrive at quite acceptable results with respect to IL detection (89% true positive and 7% false positive rate) and classification (100% correct white spirit, 79% correct gasoline, and 77% correct lamp oil assignment). Although these results were obtained in a limited set of laboratory controlled fire experiments including only three IL classes, this study confirms the conclusions of other studies that GC×GC-TOFMS can be a powerful tool in the challenging task of forensic fire debris analysis.
Published: 2018
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45. Persistent Hot-Spot Mix in Cryogenic Direct-Drive Fusion Experiments.

Author: Shah RC, Cao D, Igumenshchev IV, Goncharov VN, Anderson KS, Bauer KA, Betti R, Bonino MJ, Campbell EM, Colaïtis A, Collins TJB, Churnetski K, Forrest CJ, Froula DH, Glebov VY, Gopalaswamy V, Harding DR, Hu SX, Janezic RT, Kwiatkowski J, Lees A, Morse SFB, Miller S, Patel D, Regan SP, Sampat S, Thomas CA, and Turnbull D
Abstract: We show that an x-ray emission signature associated with acceleration phase mass injection [R. C. Shah et al., Phys. Rev. E 103, 023201 (2021)PRESCM2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.103.023201] correlates with poor experimental hot-spot convergence and a reduced neutron production relative to expectations. It is shown that with increased target mass as well as with higher-design adiabats, this signature is reduced, whereas with increased debris on the target, the signature is increased. We estimate that the vapor region in typical best designs may have up to 2× the assumed hydrogen mass at the start of deceleration.
Published: 2024
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46. Effects of Laser Bandwidth in Direct-Drive High-Performance DT-Layered Implosions on the OMEGA Laser.

Author: Patel D, Knauer JP, Cao D, Betti R, Nora R, Shvydky A, Gopalaswamy V, Lees A, Sampat S, Donaldson WR, Regan SP, Stoeckl C, Forrest CJ, Glebov VY, Harding DR, Bonino MJ, Janezic RT, Wasilewski D, Fella C, Shuldberg C, Murray J, Guzman D, and Serrato B
Abstract: In direct-drive inertial confinement fusion, the laser bandwidth reduces the laser imprinting seed of hydrodynamic instabilities. The impact of varying bandwidth on the performance of direct-drive DT-layered implosions was studied in targets with different hydrodynamic stability properties. The stability was controlled by changing the shell adiabat from (α_{F}≃5) (more stable) to (α_{F}≃3.5) (less stable). These experiments show that the performance of lower adiabat implosions improves considerably as the bandwidth is raised indicating that further bandwidth increases, beyond the current capabilities of OMEGA, would be greatly beneficial. These results suggest that the future generation of ultra-broadband lasers could enable achieving high convergence and possibly high gains in direct drive ICF.
Published: 2023
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47. Proof-of-Principle Experiment on the Dynamic Shell Formation for Inertial Confinement Fusion.

Author: Igumenshchev IV, Theobald W, Stoeckl C, Shah RC, Bishel DT, Goncharov VN, Bonino MJ, Campbell EM, Ceurvorst L, Chin DA, Collins TJB, Fess S, Harding DR, Sampat S, Shaffer NR, Shvydky A, Smith EA, Trickey WT, Waxer LJ, Colaïtis A, Liotard R, Adrian PJ, Atzeni S, Barbato F, Savino L, Alfonso N, Haid A, and Do M
Abstract: In the dynamic-shell (DS) concept [V. N. Goncharov et al., Novel Hot-Spot Ignition Designs for Inertial Confinement Fusion with Liquid-Deuterium-Tritium Spheres, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 065001 (2020).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.065001] for laser-driven inertial confinement fusion the deuterium-tritium fuel is initially in the form of a homogeneous liquid inside a wetted-foam spherical shell. This fuel is ignited using a conventional implosion, which is preceded by a initial compression of the fuel followed by its expansion and dynamic formation of a high-density fuel shell with a low-density interior. This Letter reports on a scaled-down, proof-of-principle experiment on the OMEGA laser demonstrating, for the first time, the feasibility of DS formation. A shell is formed by convergent shocks launched by laser pulses at the edge of a plasma sphere, with the plasma itself formed as a result of laser-driven compression and relaxation of a surrogate plastic-foam ball target. Three x-ray diagnostics, namely, 1D spatially resolved self-emission streaked imaging, 2D self-emission framed imaging, and backlighting radiography, have shown good agreement with the predicted evolution of the DS and its stability to low Legendre mode perturbations introduced by laser irradiation and target asymmetries.
Published: 2023
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48. Design and optimization of a high-energy optical parametric amplifier for broadband, spectrally incoherent pulses.

Author: Ekanayake N, Spilatro M, Bolognesi A, Herman S, Sampat S, Hill EM, and Dorrer C
Abstract: Spectrally incoherent laser pulses with sufficiently large fractional bandwidth are in demand for the mitigation of laser-plasma instabilities occurring in high-energy laser-target interactions. Here, we modeled, implemented, and optimized a dual-stage high-energy optical parametric amplifier for broadband, spectrally incoherent pulses in the near-infrared. The amplifier delivers close to 400 mJ of signal energy through noncollinear parametric interaction of 100-nJ-scale broadband, spectrally incoherent seed pulses near 1053 nm with a narrowband high-energy pump operating at 526.5 nm. Mitigation strategies for high-frequency spatial modulations in the amplified signal caused by index inhomogeneities in the Nd:YLF rods of the pump laser are explored and discussed in detail.
Published: 2023
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49. Risk Management Plans: reassessment of safety concerns based on Good Pharmacovigilance Practices Module V (Revision 2)-a company experience.

Author: Esslinger S, Quinn L, Sampat S, Otero-Lobato M, Noël W, Geldhof A, Herijgers N, and Reeder SJ
Abstract: Introduction: In the European Union (EU), a Risk Management Plan (RMP) is submitted as part of the dossier for initial marketing authorization of a medicinal product or with an application involving a significant change to an existing marketing authorization. A comprehensive revision of the EU Guideline on Good Pharmacovigilance Practices (GVP) Module V-Risk Management Systems (Revision [Rev] 2), adopted in March 2017, provides a framework for developing more focused, actionable, and risk-proportionate RMPs. This paper describes the Janssen experience with the interpretation and application of GVP Module V (Rev 2) regarding the evaluation of safety concerns in an RMP., Methods: Janssen convened a cross-functional working group to promote consistent interpretation of the GVP Module V (Rev 2) guidance across therapeutic areas. The group created 3 algorithms to support implementation of the guidance related to removal or reclassification of safety concerns by product-specific RMP teams., Results: Following implementation of the GVP Module V (Rev 2) guidance, the algorithm-driven process led to a substantial decrease in the number of safety concerns for most products. With few exceptions, EU health authorities agreed with the proposed safety concern removals or reclassifications, resulting in RMPs that were focused on only those safety concerns that required further characterization or specific risk minimization., Conclusions: The algorithm-driven process allows for consistent interpretation and application of the GVP Module V (Rev 2) guidance, which enables product teams to develop an actionable RMP using a thoughtful, evaluative, science-based approach that considers all available evidence., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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50. Polyamines drive myeloid cell survival by buffering intracellular pH to promote immunosuppression in glioblastoma.

Author: Miska J, Rashidi A, Lee-Chang C, Gao P, Lopez-Rosas A, Zhang P, Burga R, Castro B, Xiao T, Han Y, Hou D, Sampat S, Cordero A, Stoolman JS, Horbinski CM, Burns M, Reshetnyak YK, Chandel NS, and Lesniak MS
Subjects: Animals, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, Cell Survival, Eflornithine metabolism, Eflornithine pharmacology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Immunosuppression Therapy, Mice, Myeloid Cells metabolism, Polyamines metabolism, Tumor Microenvironment, Glioblastoma metabolism
Abstract: Glioblastoma is characterized by the robust infiltration of immunosuppressive tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs). It is not fully understood how TAMCs survive in the acidic tumor microenvironment to cause immunosuppression in glioblastoma. Metabolic and RNA-seq analysis of TAMCs revealed that the arginine-ornithine-polyamine axis is up-regulated in glioblastoma TAMCs but not in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells. Active de novo synthesis of highly basic polyamines within TAMCs efficiently buffered low intracellular pH to support the survival of these immunosuppressive cells in the harsh acidic environment of solid tumors. Administration of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a clinically approved inhibitor of polyamine generation, enhanced animal survival in immunocompetent mice by causing a tumor-specific reduction of polyamines and decreased intracellular pH in TAMCs. DFMO combination with immunotherapy or radiotherapy further enhanced animal survival. These findings indicate that polyamines are used by glioblastoma TAMCs to maintain normal intracellular pH and cell survival and thus promote immunosuppression during tumor evolution., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).)
Published: 2021
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