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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peri-urban land development is crucial to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal of equitable and sustainable urban areas. Fair land, infrastructure, and resource management improves land management services and reduces social and economic inequities. However, the peri-urban land management system has contributed to unequal rapid urbanisation in neighbouring regions. This study examines the complex relationships between peri-urban land development barriers in India. The goal is to understand how these barriers induce unequal urbanization transcending the city, resulting in uncontrolled growth, urban sprawl, and inadequate services in peri-urban areas. The main goal is to improve decision-making and promote fair peri-urban growth in Indian cities using a multi-criteria decision-making tool. This application gives experts a new perspective on peri-urban issues.METHODOLOGY: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted from 122 planners and academicians from north Indian cities using snowball sampling techniques. The study collects expert perspectives to create a causal map, using DEMATEL ISM method, classifying these barriers as "determinants or causes," "dependent barriers," "independent barriers," and "effects," presenting a new perspective on peri-urban development complexity. that depicts these roadblocks and highlights the most significant drivers impeding peri-urban land development.FINDINGS: Findings revealed four interdependent challenges as the leading ‘causes’ on the basis of DEMATEL Weight; Imprecise spatial policies with 0.10119, undemarcated land boundaries with 0.10082, weak institutions with 0.10003, and absence of planning regulations with 0.09945 weight. Within these barriers, addressing the governance capability and spatial policies would have a beneficial cascading effect on catering to other challenges. Findings have valuable insights for policymakers, aiding in the formulation and prioritization of effective policies and resource allocation.CONCLUSION: This study extensive analysis of causal linkages among Indian city peri-urban land development challenges. Beyond identifying barriers, it explains their causes, interdependencies, and hierarchical links. This study's holistic approach to peri-urban development issues and inventive barrier categorization and prioritisation make it distinctive.

Heat stress, one of the major abiotic stresses in wheat, affects chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content and thereby photosynthesis. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with these traits under terminal heat stress, 251 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross HD 2808/HUW510 were phenotyped. Using composite interval mapping, 40 QTLs were identified; 17 were related to conditions after timely sowing and 23 to heat stress after late sowing. The various parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence were associated with 23 QTLs, which were located on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 3A, and 2D and explained 3.67 to 18.04 % of phenotypic variation, whereas chlorophyll content was associated with 17 QTLs on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 5B, and 7A explaining 3.49 to 31.36 % of phenotypic variation. Most of the identified QTLs were clustered on chromosome 2D followed by 2A and 1A. The QTL Qchc.iiwbr-2A for chlorophyll content linked with marker gwm372 was stable over conditions and explained 3.81 to 18.05 % of phenotypic variation. In addition, 7 epistatic QTL pairs were also detected which explained 1.67 to 11.0 % of phenotypic variance. These identified genomic regions can be used in marker assisted breeding after validation for heat tolerance in wheat.

Prolonged starvation leads to acute stress, inducing a state of cellular dormancy with reduced energy consumption. Our research reveals that nutrient deprivation halts the movement of large ribosomal subunits, trapping them in a gel-like structure within the cytoplasm of surviving cells. This effect is due to water efflux from cells, causing a decrease in cell volume to half the original volume. This simple physical strategy saves, in a dormant state 10 7 ATP per second, which is needed for normal protein production. We monitored the diffusion of GFP (radius 2.3 nm) and 40S and 60S ribosomes (radii 3.75 and 15 nm, respectively) in the cytoplasm and nucleus during starvation of HeLa cells. GFP and 40S ribosomes slowed their diffusion in the cytoplasm two and five times, respectively. 60S ribosomes exhibited only rotational diffusion. In non-starving cells, biomolecules get stuck in the gel structure of cytoplasm with sizes >100 nm. We show that the gel pore size decreased from 100 nm to 30 nm upon starvation. The diffusive transport in the cell nucleus didn't change during starvation. GFP and ribosomes had the same diffusion coefficients in non-starving and starving cells in the nucleus. This highlights the importance of nuclear transport in cancer cells during extreme stress conditions.

Purpose: To investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young children in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) and five percent sodium fluoride varnish (NaFV) to manage early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: Children younger than 72 months of age with active dentinal caries lesions (ICDAS 5 or 6) in primary teeth received two applications of 38 percent SDF and five percent NaFV as part of an RCT testing three different frequency regimes (one, four, and six months apart). The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) questionnaire was completed at three study visits. Statistical analyses included descrip- tive and parametric methods. A P -value of ≤0.05 was significant. Results: Eighty-two children (58.5 percent male) were recruited with a mean age of 44.3±14.2 months. Significant improvement in total ECOHIS scores for all children was observed following treatment (baseline mean scores=4.52±4.77 versus third visit mean scores=3.19±3.78, P =0.01) and family impact scores for all children (base- line mean scores=3.00±2.98 versus third visit mean scores=1.68±2.01, P ≤0.001). However, no significant change in the mean child impact score was observed among all the children ( P =0.97). The parental distress and family function domains showed the most improvement with SDF treatment. No significant ECOHIS score differences were found among the three frequency groups across visits. Conclusions: Children showed better OHRQoL after applying 38 percent SDF and five percent NaFV. No significant differences were found between treatment groups. SDF is a viable non-restorative option for managing ECC as it has a positive effect on OHRQoL.

In wheat (Triticum aestivum ), canopy architecture, culm diameter and stem strength are the key providers of lodging tolerance. To better understand the lodging phenomenon and determine the best linked trait to lodging, a study of lodging resistance was conducted in both artificially-induced and natural lodging conditions. Various morphological, phenological and biochemical traits, such as acid detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, cellulose and activity of lignin-synthesising enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase) were recorded. Anatomical features were also examined by light microscopy, using the Wiesner reaction. Genotype C306 demonstrated the highest susceptibility to lodging compared to other varieties due to its limited production of lignin-synthesising enzymes, as well as its taller plant height and narrower culms. The dwarf mutants (DM6 and DM7) have a stronger resistance against lodging because they have thick stems and a short plant canopy structure. The most suitable donors for lodging are semidwarf varieties (HD2967, DPW621-50, DBW88) because they have higher production of lignin and lignin-synthesising enzymes. Grey correlation analysis also confirmed the ability of these three genotypes to tolerate lodging. The genotypes studied were comprehensively ranked. The study also includes an effort towards the standardisation of lodging methodology under artificial conditions.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is influenced by microbial and host factors, including social, behavioral, and oral health. In this cross-sectional study, we analyze interkingdom dynamics in the dental plaque microbiome and its association with host variables. We use 16S rRNA and ITS1 amplicon sequencing on samples collected from preschool children and analyze questionnaire data to examine the social determinants of oral health. The results indicate a significant enrichment of Streptococcus mutans and Candida dubliniensis in ECC samples, in contrast to Neisseria oralis in caries-free children. Our interkingdom correlation analysis reveals that Candida dubliniensis is strongly correlated with both Neisseria bacilliformis and Prevotella veroralis in ECC. Additionally, ECC shows significant associations with host variables, including oral health status, age, place of residence, and mode of childbirth. This study provides empirical evidence associating the oral microbiome with socioeconomic and behavioral factors in relation to ECC, offering insights for developing targeted prevention strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The study was conducted to identify novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with resistance to corn aphid (CLA), Rhopalosiphum maidis L. in 48 selected bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild wheat (Aegilops spp. & T. dicoccoides) genotypes during two consecutive cropping seasons (2018-19 and 2019-20). A total of 51 polymorphic markers containing 143 alleles were used for the analysis. The frequency of the major allele ranged from 0.552 (Xgwm113) to 0.938 (Xcfd45, Xgwm194 and Xgwm526), with a mean of 0.731. Gene diversity ranged from 0.116 (Xgwm526) to 0.489 (Xgwm113), with a mean of 0.354. The polymorphic information content (PIC) value for the SSR markers ranged from 0.107 (Xgwm526) to 0.370 (Xgwm113) with a mean of 0.282. The results of the STRUCTURE analysis revealed the presence of four main subgroups in the populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the between-group difference was around 37 per cent of the total variation contributed to the diversity by the whole germplasm, while 63 per cent of the variation was attributed between individuals within the group. A general linear model (GLM) was used to identify marker-trait associations, which detected a total of 23 and 27 significant new marker-trait associations (MTAs) at the p < 0.01 significance level during the 2018-19 and 2019-20 crop seasons, respectively. The findings of this study have important implications for the identification of molecular markers associated with CLA resistance. These markers can increase the accuracy and efficiency of aphid-resistant germplasm selection, ultimately facilitating the transfer of resistance traits to desirable wheat genotypes., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Yadav et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

Rice-wheat production in the Indo-gangetic plains (IGPs) of India faces major concerns such as depleting resources, rice residue burning, excessive fertilizer use, and decreasing nitrogen use efficiency. These issues threaten sustainable crop production in the future. Therefore, a field study was conducted during the winter seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 to evaluate the effect of combined conventional and nano fertilizers on nitrogen application just before or after irrigation to improve wheat productivity, profitability and NUE under conservation tillage. The study evaluated eight treatment combinations of nitrogen application through conventionally applied urea (46% N) and foliar applied nano urea (4% N) under zero tillage with rice residue retention. Results revealed that growth, physiological indices, yield, and quality parameters were enhanced with the application of 150 kg N/ha in three equal splits as basal and just before 1st and 2nd irrigation alone (T2) or along with a spray of nano urea (T5) compared to other treatments. T5 recorded 7.2%, 8.5%, and 7.8% more plant dry matter, number of tillers, and grain yield, respectively, over the conventional practice of applying 150 kg N/ha in three equal splits as basal and 7-10 days after 1st and 2nd irrigation (T3, farmers practice). Although, T2 showed similar results to T5, T5 recorded significantly higher gross ($2542/ha) and net returns ($1279/ha) than the other treatments. However, the benefit-cost ratio of T2 and T5 was same (2.01). A significant and positive correlation coefficient between grain yield and physiological parameters such as CCI and NDVI confirmed that increasing the nitrogen dose enhanced the chlorophyll content, greenness, and plant vigor. Based on the results, it can be concluded that applying 150 kg N/ha in three equal splits as basal and just before 1st and 2nd irrigation under conservation agriculture, along with a single spray of nano urea (4% N) at 60-65 days after sowing, can improve growth, yield attributes, wheat yield, and NUE compared to farmers practice (T3) in India., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Stem rust is one of the major diseases threatening wheat production globally. To identify novel resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we performed 35K Axiom Array SNP genotyping assays on an association mapping panel of 400 germplasm accessions, including Indian landraces, in conjunction with phenotyping for stem rust at seedling and adult plant stages. Association analyses using three genome wide association study (GWAS) models (CMLM, MLMM, and FarmCPU) revealed 20 reliable QTLs for seedling and adult plant resistance. Among these 20 QTLs, five QTLs were found consistent with three models, i.e., four QTLs on chromosome 2AL, 2BL, 2DL, and 3BL for seedling resistance and one QTL on chromosome 7DS for adult plant resistance. Further, we identified a total of 21 potential candidate genes underlying QTLs using gene ontology analysis, including a leucine rich repeat receptor (LRR) and P-loop nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase, which have a role in pathogen recognition and disease resistance. Furthermore, four QTLs ( Qsr.nbpgr-3B&#95;11 , QSr.nbpgr-6AS&#95;11 , QSr.nbpgr-2AL&#95;117-6 , and QSr.nbpgr-7BS&#95;APR ) were validated through KASP located on chromosomes 3B, 6A, 2A, and 7B. Out of these QTLs, QSr.nbpgr-7BS&#95;APR was identified as a novel QTL for stem rust resistance which has been found effective in both seedling as well as the adult plant stages. Identified novel genomic regions and validated QTLs have the potential to be deployed in wheat improvement programs to develop disease resistant varieties for stem rust and can diversify the genetic basis of resistance., Competing Interests: The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.

Background: Poor translation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) into clinical practice is a barrier to the provision of consistent and high-quality evidence-based care. The objective was to systematically review the roles and effectiveness of knowledge brokers (KBs) for translating CPGs in health-related settings., Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL Plus were searched from 2014 to June 2022. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), controlled and uncontrolled preintervention and postintervention studies involving KBs, either alone or as part of a multicomponent intervention, that reported quantitative postintervention changes in guideline implementation in a healthcare setting were included. A KB was defined as an intermediary who facilitated knowledge translation by acting in at least two of the following core roles: knowledge manager, linkage agent or capacity builder. Specific activities undertaken by KBs were deductively coded to the three core roles, then common activities were inductively grouped. Screening, data extraction, quality assessment and coding were performed independently by two authors., Results: 16 studies comprising 6 RCTs, 8 uncontrolled precomparisons-postcomparisons, 1 controlled precomparison-postcomparison and 1 interrupted time series were included. 14 studies (88%) were conducted in hospital settings. Knowledge manager roles included creating and distributing guideline material. Linkage agent roles involved engaging with internal and external stakeholders. Capacity builder roles involved audit and feedback and educating staff. KBs improved guideline adherence in 10 studies (63%), had mixed impact in 2 studies (13%) and no impact in 4 studies (25%). Half of the RCTs showed KBs had no impact on guideline adherence. KBs acted as knowledge managers in 15 (94%) studies, linkage agents in 11 (69%) studies and capacity builders in all studies., Conclusion: Knowledge manager and capacity builder roles were more frequently studied than linkage agent roles. KBs had mixed impact on translating CPGs into practice. Further RCTs, including those in non-hospital settings, are required., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42022340365., Competing Interests: Competing interests: AJC, ALC and JSB have received grant funding from the Medical Research Future Fund (GA187306). JSB has received grant funding or consulting funds from the National Health and Medical Research Council, Medical Research Future Fund, Victorian Government Department of Health and Human Services, Dementia Australia Research Foundation, Yulgilbar Foundation, Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission, Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, Pharmaceutical Society of Australia, GlaxoSmithKline Supported Studies Programme, Amgen and several aged care provider organisations unrelated to this work. All grants and consulting funds were paid to the employing institution. TPH, CEO, SK, EJL, SSi, SSa, CJ and MS have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

In the paper, "Fluorimetric sensing of ATP in water by an imidazolium hydrazone based sensor," Farshbaf and Anzenbacher presented the application of bisantrene as a fluorescent ATP sensor in organic-inorganic mixtures of solvents. Encouraged by the results presented in the parent study, we aimed to apply this strategy for physiologically relevant water-based buffers and - preferably - intracellular application. Here we present the results of our investigations and point to the limitations of bisantrene applications in vivo as the ATP sensor.

Energy poverty is a far-reaching concept that intrinsically bridges numerous fields of study, ranging from engineering to anthropology and medical science to social psychology. The profound implications of energy poverty on the quality of life globally have also led to a wide range of metrics and policies aimed at measuring it and alleviating it, albeit with limited success. Using a mixed methods approach, our network has conducted research to advance knowledge and interpretations of energy poverty and boost scientific outputs' capacity to shape knowledge-based policies. In this article, we critically review this extensive research endeavor, as well as its results. We build on the conceptual, methodological, and policy dimensions of energy poverty research to set up pathways toward a new, interdisciplinary research and policy agenda on energy poverty mitigation better equipped to provide meaningful answers to the challenges posed by the current ongoing energy crisis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

The present work demonstrates a facile route for synthesizing the organic nanoparticles (ONPs) and the blue fluorescent Quantum Dots (QDs) based on an organic molecule named (E)-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,1-diamino-2,3-diazabuta-1,3-diene. The synthesis process possesses advantages viz green synthesis, non-toxic degraded products, and amount of organic compound. Initially, the ONPs were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method and were screened for their recognition potential against various pesticides, however, no selectivity has been observed. This motivated us to tune the ONPs into QDs. The QDs were prepared using the hydrothermal method and a color change was observed in the QDs solution under daylight and under a UV lamp. The emission wavelength was observed at 400 nm (λexcitation = 278 nm). The synthesized QDs exhibited selective sensing potential towards imidacloprid via a quenching mechanism. A normalised decrement in the luminescence intensity of QDs was observed on raising the concentration of imidacloprid and a good linear response was noticed over a concentration varies from 1 μM to 100 μM with a regression coefficient of 0.99. The detection limit was estimated to be 4.53 nM and quantification limit was calculated to be and 13.72 nM., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)