Search

High-spin states in the nuclei Ga-63 and Ga-65 were studied following the reaction S-32 + Ca-40 at a reaction energy of 125 MeV and using the GASP gamma -ray spectrometer in combination with the ISIS charged-particle detector system. In addition to low-lying negative-parity states with single-particle character, rotational-like cascades built on the 9/2(+) and 19/2(-) states have been observed in both nuclei. Sidebands with negative parity in Ga-63 and positive parity in Ga-65 could be established. The experimental results are compared with Total Routhian Surface calculations which describe the nuclei as moderately deformed (beta (2) approximate to 0.25) and gamma soft at low rotational frequencies. The highest experimentally observed positive-parity state in Ga-65 (41/2(+)) is in good agreement with the calculated crossing of the collective band with a non-collective one terminating at this spin.

Results of a 208 Pb (γ,γ′) experiment are presented aiming at an identification of the 2 + member of the long-sought two-octupole phonon multiplet. Four E2 excitations have been observed below 6.5 MeV excitation energy, two of them for the first time. However, in contrast to new results of calculations within the quasiparticle–phonon nuclear model (QPM), no obvious candidate for the two-octupole phonon vibration could be found in the present study. We discuss the J π =2 + states detected in this as well as previous experiments with respect to their possible two-octupole phonon structure.

We have studied the isotopes 82Rb45, 83Rb46, and 84Rb47 to search for magnetic rotation which is predicted in the tilted-axis cranking model for a certain mass region around A = 80. Excited states in these nuclei were populated via the reaction 11B + 76Ge with E = 50 MeV at the XTU tandem accelerator of the LNL Legnaro. Based on a -coincidence experiment using the spectrometer GASP we have found magnetic dipole bands in each studied nuclide. The regular M1 bands observed in the odd-odd nuclei 82Rb and 84Rb include B(M1)/B(E2) ratios decreasing smoothly with increasing spin in a range of 13-≤Jπ≤16-. These bands are interpreted in the tilted-axis cranking model on the basis of four-quasiparticle configurations of the type π(fp) πg9/22 vg9/2. This is the first evidence of magnetic rotation in the A ≈ 80 region. In contrast, the M1 sequences in the odd-even nucleus 83Rb are not regular, and the B(M1)/B(E2) ratios show a pronounced staggering.

A nuclear resonance fluorescence experiment on 88Sr has been performed with bremsstrahlung of 6.7 MeV endpoint energy. The γ-ray linear polarisation has been measured with a EUROBALL CLUSTER detector used as a Compton polarimeter. The results indicate positive parity for the J= 1 state at 4.742 MeV in 88Sr, in contrast to the previous interpretation as a 1− two-phonon (2+1⊗ 3−1) state and in conflict with the predictions of the quasiparticle-phonon model. On the basis of such calculations the 1+ state at 3.486 MeV may be considered as the 1+1 one-phonon state and the very strong 1+1→ 0+1 deexcitation as proton spin-flip 2p1/2→ 2p3/2 transition.

The neutron g 9/2 single-particle state in 57Ni has been unambiguously identified in a combined measurement of the linear polarization, angular distribution, and angular correlation of γ rays following the fusion-evaporation reaction 28Si(32S,2pn)57Ni at a beam energy of 90 MeV. The linear polarization was measured with a Euroball cluster detector and a prototype of an encapsulated six-fold segmented hexaconical Ge-detector. The spin of the 3701 keV level in 57Ni was confirmed to be I= 9/2 and its parity determined to be positive.

Excited states in the T z= 0 nucleus 70Br have been investigated using the reaction 58Ni(16O,1p3n). γ rays were detected with one EUROBALL CLUSTER detector and three single HPGe detectors. Charged particles and neutrons were registered with the Rossendorf silicon ball and six modules of the EUROBALL neutron wall, respectively. The identification of γ transitions in 70Br is based on the analysis of γγ-proton-neutron coincidences. A level scheme of 70Br has been established for the first time. It shows a multiplet-like structure of probably isospin T= 0 while T= 1 isobaric analogue states are not observed.

Rotational bands with strong magnetic dipole transitions have been observed in the doubly odd nuclei ${}^{82}\mathrm{Rb}$ and ${}^{84}\mathrm{Rb}$. These bands show the characteristic features of magnetic rotation. They are the first evidence of this new kind of nuclear excitation in the $A\ensuremath{\approx}80$ region. The results are well reproduced within the framework of the tilted axis cranking model on the basis of four-quasiparticle configurations of the type $\ensuremath{\pi}(\mathrm{fp})\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}({g}_{9/2}^{2})\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}({g}_{9/2})$.

The low-energy dipole strength distributions in 165Ho and 169Tm have been studied in nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments at the S-DALINAC utilizing a Euroball Cluster detector. In the energy interval between 2.5 and 4.0 MeV, where the scissors mode is expected, 35 ground state transitions could be observed in 165Ho and 53 in 169Tm. Assuming M1 character for all these transitions corresponds to ΣB(M1) ↑= 1.54(23), μN2 and ΣB(M1) ↑= 2.15(63), μN2 for 165Ho and 169Tm, respectively. A statistical analysis is applied to the measured spectra which is capable of reconstructing the complete strength, including contributions of transitions below the observation limit, with the ratio between M1 and E1 excitations and their total strengths taken as an average over the even-mass neighbours. This results in summed M1 transition strengths of ΣB(M1) ↑= 3.54−0.95+0.75, μN2 (165Ho) and ΣB(M1) ↑= 3.36−0.57+1.00μN2 (169Tm). The large variations of the summed dipole strength and the fragmentation in other deformed odd-mass nuclei can be reproduced by the same statistical ansatz. The total low-lying M1 strength in heavy deformed odd-mass nuclei is in agreement with the findings in the neighbouring even-mass nuclides as well as with sum-rule predictions.

A first level scheme of ${}^{68}\mathrm{Se}$ with five states up to 4.2 MeV excitation energy and tentative spins ${6}^{+}$ and ${7}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ has been established from \ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma} coincidences measured with six EUROBALL Cluster detectors in close geometry. The level scheme is interpreted in comparison with neutron deficient nuclei of the $A\ensuremath{\approx}70$ region and cranking model calculations. In a similar experiment a triple coincidence between the ${}^{72}\mathrm{Kr}$ transitions 710, 611, and 792 keV has been proven.

The large oblate deformation of the69Seg9=2 band was proven by the DSA analysis of the 13/2+ →11/2+ 403 keV transition measured via32S(40Ca, 2pn)69Se at 125 MeV beam energy with six escape suppressed EUROBALL Cluster detectors at ±44°. Applying the model of a rigid axial-symmetric rotor the determined lifetime resulted in ∣β2∣ ɛ [0.24,0.85].

Results of a nat Cr(γ,γ′) experiment at the S-DALINAC are reported for energies up to 7 MeV utilizing a Euroball Cluster detector. The excitation of a J = 1 state at 5544 keV is observed which is believed to belong to 52 Cr because of the strength of the signal and the large natural abundance. By a variety of empirical arguments a quadrupole-octupole-coupled two-phonon 1 − character is suggested for this transition. Quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) calculations are able to reproduce the energy and B (E1) transition strength remarkably well. The underlying microscopic structure is suggested to be more complex than a pure two-phonon picture. Furthermore, the calculations indicate a pure neutron ( 2p 3 2 −1 2p 1 2 ) magnetic dipole structure for an excitation experimentally seen at 5098 keV which would provide a direct measure of ground-state correlations in 52 Cr.

The structure of Kr-72 has been investigated at GASP through the Ca-40(Ca-40,2 alpha) reaction at a beam energy of 160 MeV using the 4 pi ISIS Si-ball for reaction channel selection. The level scheme has been extended up to an excitation energy of approximate to 8.5 MeV. The spins and parities of the observed levels are assigned tentatively. The observed band shows the predicted change from oblate to prolate shape. The four quasi-particle g(9/2) alignment is found to be significantly delayed in rotational frequency with respect to the heavier Kr isotopes. Such a delay contradicts the predictions of standard mean-field calculations and may reflect either additional correlations in the T = 0 pairing channel or coupling to vibrational degrees of freedom or both. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. (Less)

High-spin states in 177 W have been populated using the 164 Dy( 18 O,5n) reaction at a beam energy of 83 MeV. Six new high- K bands based on 3-, 5- and 7-quasiparticle excitations have been observed. Nilsson configurations for these bands are discussed, and experimental and calculated g -factors are compared. Decays of the K π = 29 2 + 5-quasiparticle state to the members of the K π = 7 2 + band have been observed. The decay rates are compared with predictions calculated within a tunneling model where the nuclear shapes are considered to change along the γ direction in the ( ϵ 2 , γ) deformation plane.

The nucleus 69Ge has been studied in the reactions 66Zn(α,n)69Ge and 60Ni(12C,2pn)69Ge. Using γ-spectroscopic methods energies, intensities, excitation functions, γγ-coincidences, angular distributions, and the linear polarization of γ-rays as well as lifetimes were measured. From the α-induced reaction, states up to spin J = 212 and Ex = 4267 keV have been established in 69Ge including 178 new transitions and 62 new levels. Spin and parity were determined for 79 levels. High-spin states populated via the reaction 12C + 60Ni show 61 new transitions and 27 new levels up to spin J = 372 and Ex = 9182 keV. For 19 levels ps-lifetimes were determined. Eight complete multiplets originating from the coupling of the odd neutron to the core 68Ge have been identified and candidates for further multiplets are proposed. Significant deviations from the simple De-Shalit core-coupling model were found. Shell-model calculations, which were performed for 68Ge and 69Ge with the code RITSSCHIL on a parallel computer in a large configuration space, show that proton excitations from the 2p32 to higher shells play an important role for the detailed structure of the particle-core multiplets.

The structure of theN=Z nuclei60Zn,62Ga,64Ge, and72Kr has been investigated at GASP. Total Routhian surface (TRS) calculations have been performed for theN=36, 38 and 40 Kr isotones. In the case of72Kr the four quasi-particleg9/2 alignment is observed to be significantly delayed in rotational frequency with respect to the heavier Kr isotopes. Such a delay contradicts the predictions of mean field calculations and may be viewed as the first sign of additional correlations in theT=0 pairing channel.

Excited states of the nuclei 122,126,130 Te were populated via the (γ, γ′) reaction at endpoint energies of the bremsstrahlung between 4.5 and 5.5 MeV. Gamma rays were detected with a EUROBALL CLUSTER detector and a single HPGe detector. In all investigated nuclei two or three prominent dipole transitions were identified at E γ ≈ 3 MeV. The corresponding low-lying J = 1 states are interpreted as two-phonon excitations. Quasiparticle-phonon-model calculations predict at about 3 MeV one 1 − state arising from the coupling of the first quadrupole and the first octupole phonon, and one 1 + state arising from the coupling of the first and the second quadrupole phonon, where the latter has isovector character. Such an excitation mode can be considered as an analogue of the scissors mode in vibrational nuclei. The calculated transition strengths are compatible with experimental ones within a factor of about 1.5.

The semi-magic nucleus 89Y has been investigated in a (γ,γ′) experiment at an endpoint energy of the bremsstrahlung of E0 = 7 MeV. The scattered photons have been detected with a EUROBALL Cluster detector. The observed excitations are discussed in the framework of the shell model and a coupling of the unpaired proton to multi-phonon structures in the doubly even neighbours. Transitions above 4.7 MeV are considered to have E1 character. Around 6.3 MeV an unusually large concentration of E1 strength is found. Its origin is likely to correspond to similar structures in the 88Sr and 90Zr isotones which can be interpreted to result from the constructive interference of strong two-phonon amplitudes with weak admixtures from the low-energy tail of the giant dipole resonance.

The E1 response of the semi-magic nucleus 140Ce below the particle threshold was measured in a (γ,γ′) experiment utilizing the new Euroball Cluster detector at the S-DALINAC. While the energy averaged data are in good agreement with tagged photon results, here they are resolved for the first time into 54 individual transitions. A quasiparticle-phonon model calculation including up to three-phonon configurations compares well to the extracted strength distribution. The interference between one- and two-phonon contributions is essential for a quantitative reproduction.

A nuclear resonance fluorescence experiment with one of the newly developed highly efficient EUROBALL cluster detectors has been performed on the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-soft nucleus ${}^{196}\mathrm{Pt}$. Magnetic dipole excitations were observed between 2 and 3.5 MeV excitation energy. They are interpreted as the main fragments of the scissors mode based on the measured excitation strengths and branching ratios. A strong $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay, which we believe to be an $E2$ decay of the scissors mode to the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ state, is observed. It allows an extraction of the effective boson quadrupole charges in the interacting boson model.

Neutron particle-hole states in the doubly magic nucleus 208 Pb were investigated using a Euroball Cluster detector and five usual HPGe detectors at the Osiris cube spectrometer in Cologne. 126 γ-ray transitions with energies up to 7.2 MeV could be detected 14 for those for the first time. The states were excited with the 208 Pb( p , p ' γ ) 208 Pb reaction via isobaric analogue resonances in 209 Bi at E p = 16.5, 17, 17.45, 17.5 and 18.5 MeV and though the subcoulomb 207 Pb( d , pγ ) 208 Pb reaction at E d = 10 MeV. For most of the excited states assignments for the particle and/or the hole component of the configuration could be made, 22 of these are new.

The neutron-deficient nucleus Kr-75 has been studied in two EUROBALL experiments. The analysis yielded a considerably extended level scheme including two newly observed excited high spin bands. The results are interpreted in the framework of the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky approach. The calculations compare well to the experimentally established level scheme and predict the nucleus to be mainly prolate or triaxially deformed at high spin. Evidence for an oblate-prolate shape coexistence could not be found at high spin. ©2012 American Physical Society, Supported by the German BMBF under Contract No. 06K167.

Two types of Compton polarimeters for γ-linear polarization measurements are presented. The first one consists of standard Ge-detectors and unites an easy handling and high grade of universality with high polarization sensitivity in the γ-ray energy range 180–2500 keV. In this device, a low efficiency Ge-crystal scatterer is used with a special diameter-to-length ratio which optimizes the probability for Compton scattering. In addition, the background in the summed energy spectra is significantly reduced by requiring coincident γ-ray energies to obey the Compton scattering formula. The second device fits the need of accessory units which can be used with the new generation of multi-detector arrays. It is based on a segmented planar Ge-crystal surrounded by an anti-Compton shield and possesses a high coincidence efficiency in the 50–1000 keV range. For both spectrometers we performed calibration measurements to obtain the sensitivity Q and the coincidence efficiency e c . From these values we deduced the “figure of merit” F = Q 2 e c which gives a kind of quality description for polarimeters.

High spin states in81Y up to the probable 33/2+ and 29/2− yrast states have been measured via the reaction58Ni(28Si,αp, using the Cologne tandem accelerator. Directional correlations of oriented nuclei were determined and the level scheme was extended with lifetimes measured by means of DSA and recoil distance techniques. Reduced transition strengths inferred from lifetimes were consistent with the results of Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov calculations, which predict a nearly axially symmetric deformation ofβ 2≈0.37 for theπ=+ band. Predictions reveal an alignment driving the system to a smaller and triaxial deformation withβ 2=0.23 andγ=−30°, although the data show this crossing to be somewhat delayed. Particle-rotor calculations for the one-quasiparticle bands corroborate the predictions of deformation parameters based on the cranking model.

New magnetic moments presented here allow stringent tests of the truncated shell model calculations performed in the region below the N = 50 neutron shell. The experimental g-factors for selected medium-spin yrast states in Mo-90 were determined via the IMPAD technique using the (Ni(Cl,3p))-Ni-58-Cl-35 reaction. The results of g(5-, 2549 keV) = +1.10 +/- 0.28, g(11-, 4842 keV) = +0.42 +/- 0.13 and g(12+, 4556 keV) = +0.50 +/- 0.06 are used to show the that (g9/2,p1/2) configuration space with respect to a Sr-88 core is a rather successful truncation for the effective interactions considered but some shortcomings are exposed.

High spin states in the neutron deficient isotopes Ru90 and Ru91 have been studied in the 2p2n and 2pn exit channels of the reaction Ar-36 + Ni-58 using the 149 MeV Ar-36 beam at VICKSI and the OSIRIS array. By gating the gammagamma coincidences with evaporated neutrons and protons, excited states in Ru90 were identified for the first time and the level scheme of Ru-91 was extended. In both nuclei, the level energies and branching ratios follow the predictions of shell model calculations performed within the (1g9/2,2p1/2) single-particle space.

Particle-gammagamma and gammagamma-coincidences of the reaction Ni-58(Ar-36, 4 pn)89Mo have been used to gain more information about high spin states in 89Mo and to establish the yrast sequence up to 7.6 MeV excitation energy and probable spin 37/2 h. Spins and parities were assigned on the basis of DCO-ratios measured with the OSIRIS spectrometer and a large volume Ge detector placed at 162-degrees to the beam. Furthermore, a gamma-ray angular distribution experiment was carried out using the reaction Ni-58(Cl-35, 3 pn)89Mo. As in the neighboring isotopes 88Mo and Mo-90, the positive-parity high-spin states can be grouped into shell model multiplets characterized by increasing seniorities of proton particles and neutron holes in the 1 g9/2 shell. The negative-parity states can be explained with one nucleon moving in the P1/2 orbit. The energies and wave functions of these states have been deduced by means of the shell model code RITSSCHIL. The 2584 keV (21/2+) is an isomeric state the mean life of which has been estimated from delayed gammagamma-coincidences. (Less)

The energy resolution of a n-type HPGe detector has been measured as function of the operating temperature before and after inducing radiation damage by neutrons from a fusion evaporation reaction. The aim of the investigation was to determine an appropriate operating temperature for Ge multidetector arrays. In the undamaged condition the leakage current due to thermal production of charge carriers limits the operating temperature to below 125 K. With neutron induced trapping levels the operating temperature has to be decreased to below 100 K because of thermal activation of trapping levels and defect migrations.

Excited states of 73Kr have identified by in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy via the reaction 40Ca(36Ar, 2pn)73Kr. A strongly coupled band is interpreted as a prolate band built on the Nilsson [312] 3 2 − orbital at β2∼0.4, while a decoupled g 9 2 band is likely to correspond to a small deformation. Evidence for a large oblate deformation as discussed for 72Kr has not been found.

The reaction58Ni(36Ar,α qρ)88Mo has been studied at 145 MeV beam energy. A detector array consisting of the OSIRIS spectrometer, four charged-particleΔE detectors and seven NE213 neutron detectors has been used to meaure the gamma radiation inγγ- and particle-γγ-coincidence mode. The level scheme of88Mo has been extended up to 11.6 MeV excitation energy and probable spin 23ħ; some 70 transitions and 40 levels have been identified. Spin assignments have been proposed on the basis of measured DCO ratios. Hartree Fock cranking calculations of the Total Routhians and shell model calculations of the high spin states are presented which imply near-sphericity of the yrast line up to the highest spins found. A classification of the high spin states according to their leading seniority is proposed.

The reaction58Ni(36Ar, 4p)90Mo has been studied at a beam energy of 149 MeV. A detector array consisting of the OSIRIS spectrometer (12 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors), four charged-particleδE detectors and seven NE-213 neutron detectors at the VICKSI accelerator in Berlin has been used to measure the gamma radiation inγγ- and particle-γγ-coincidence mode. An additional Ge detector was placed at 162‡ to the beam direction to provide information on DCO ratios. The level scheme of90Mo has been extended up to an excitation energy of about 12 MeV and probable spin 23ħ. Some 70 transitions and 40 levels have been newly identified. Spin assignments have been proposed on the basis of measured DCO ratios. Shell model calculations in a model space consisting of the proton 1f 5/2, 2p 3/2, 2p 1/2, and 1g 9/2 orbits and the neutron 2p 1/2, 1g 9/2, 1g 7/2, 2d 5/2, 2d 3/2, and 3s 1/2 orbits with some truncation were made for states above 9ħ and the predicted structure of these states is discussed.

The gamma-decay of excited states in the neutron deficient isotopes Tc-87 and Tc-88 has been observed for the first time. The fusion-evaporation reactions Ni-58(S-32, p2n)Tc-87 and Ni-58(S-32, pn)Tc-88 at 110 MeV, Ca-40(Cr-50, p2n)Tc-87 and Ca-40(Cr-50, pn)Tc-88 at 170 MeV and Ni-58(Ar-36, alpha-pn)Tc-88 at 145 MeV beam energy were used. Unambiguous identification of these nuclei which are populated with less than 1 mb cross section was achieved with coincidences between the gamma-radiation and the evaporation residues detected in a recoil mass separator. From gamma-gamma-coincidence data, a decay scheme of 11 transitions was constructed for Tc-88, the ground state of which is suggested to have I-pi = 7- or 8+. Two transitions identified in Tc-87 follow the pattern of a g9/2 one-quasiparticle band. (Less)

High spin states in the transitional nucleus87Nb up to 14 MeV excitation have been established for the first time via the reactions40Ca(50Cr, 3p)87Nb and58Ni (32S, 3p)87Nb. The87Nbγ-radiations have been identified throughγ-ray spectra taken in coincidence with the evaporation residues detected in the Daresbury recoil separator or with multiple proton emission. Gamma-gamma coincidences, DCO ratios,γ-ray angular distributions and lifetimes have been measured. A total of some 100 transitions have been placed into a level scheme comprising of sixty states. The one-quasiparticle (1qp) bands of either parity and several other band-like structures have been identified, some containing alignedg 9/2 nucleons. Moderately enhancedE2 in-band transitions of 13–48 W.u. as well as several weakE2 yrast transitions connecting bands with different quasiparticle numbers have been found. Similarities with respect to theN=46 isotones83Rb,84Sr,85Y,86Zr and88Mo are discussed.

Excited states in the transitional N=45 nucleus 4287Mo were identified for the first time using the 58Ni(32S,2pn)87Mo reaction Low-lying states were found to be non-collective, but above 2 MeV an abrupt change in structure was observed. Two regularly spaced bands of states were found and the measurement of transitional quadrupole moments indicates a mean deformation of β2=0.17(3).

Information on the nature of the 17 2 2 − state in 83 is deduced from measurements of g-factor. The measurements were carried out using the IMPAD technique in an iron host. The g-factor, g( 17 2 − )= 0.29 (6) , excludes a structure for the state arising from pure configurations of a rotationally aligned g 9 2 proton, neutron, or proton-neutron pair. Satisfactory agreement is only found if the state has both protons and neutrons active in the g 9 2 shell.

Two collective bands of75Kr have been extended up to spin 21/2 using the compound reactions64Zn(14N,p2n)75Kr and50Cr(28Si, 2pn)75Kr. Spins and parities were assigned from neutron-gatedγ-ray angular distributions and excitation functions using the OSIRIS anti-Compton spectrometer. The bands are interpreted to be built on the well-deformed Nilsson states: [442] 5/2 and [301] 3/2. Energies for both bands and the order of magnitude of the mixing ratios in thef5/2 band can be reproduced within the single-particle-plus-rotor model, while the experimentalQ(I→I−1)/Q(I→I−2) ratios, deduced from mixing ratios and branching ratios, exhibit large deviations by a factor 4 to 6 from theoretical values (which are around one). An explanation of this effect may be found by treating the two rotational bands each as a result of mixing between rotational bands of oblate and prolate states; thus explaining the large difference between B(E2,I→I−1) andB(E2, I →I−2) in the bands of75Kr.

The IMPAD technique has been used to determine the Larmor precessions of the83Y 595 keV 13/2+ and 145 keV 7/2+ states in iron. The net precessions found are ωτ(13/2+)=−9(2) mrad and ωτ(7/2+)=−92(5) mrad, leading to g-factors, g(13/2+)=+1.3(4) and g(7/2+)=+0.61(18). These results are discussed in terms of a partially decoupled [422]5/2+ Nilsson band.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can cause diverse renal manifestations ranging from microscopic hematuria to acute renal failure. Membranous nephropathy (MN) is an uncommon and usually secondary cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, and has been reported after chronic infections and antigenemia. We report two pediatric cases of secondary MN associated with acute and chronic systemic EBV infection. Patient 1 had a liver transplant for cirrhosis due to biliary atresia and developed chronic EB viremia. Membranous nephropathy occurred 3 years later and with aggressive therapy has partially subsided, in temporal association with a drop in blood EBV PCR levels. The other patient had a primary immunodeficiency and developed a lymphoproliferative disorder attributed to EBV. Nephrotic syndrome developed at initial presentation and was associated with MN on biopsy. The patient cleared the virus from blood, which was associated with eventual resolution of the MN. We postulate that EB viremia in patients lacking a fully competent immune system, but without a renal allograft, may create a susceptible environment for chronic systemic EB antigenemia that can then lead to immune-complex MN in the kidney. The association of EBV with renal histological changes consistent with MN has been suggested but not directly described before.

Background and Objectives A new intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) process has been developed that integrates efficient inactivation of enveloped virus, using caprylate, with immunoglobulin G (IgG) purification and caprylate removal by column chromatography. Two clinical studies were conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of the new product, IGIV-C, 10% (Gamunex™, 10%), formulated with glycine, with the licensed solvent–detergent (SD)-treated intravenous immunoglobulin IGIV-SD, 10% (Gamimune®N, 10%), formulated with glycine, and IGIV-C, 5%, formulated with 10% maltose. Materials and Methods Both studies were randomized, multicentre crossover trials of 18 and 20 (respectively) adult patients with primary humoral immune deficiency in which patients received one IGIV product for three consecutive periods (3–4 weeks) before crossing over to the other product. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after the third infusion of each product. Results IGIV-C, 10% was bioequivalent to IGIV-SD, 10%, with half-lives (t1/2) of 35 and 34 days, respectively. IGIV-C, 5%, was bioequivalent to IGIV-C, 10%, with t1/2 of 35 and 36 days, respectively. The products had comparable safety profiles. Conclusions The pharmacokinetic profiles observed in these trials indicate that IGIV-C, 10% may replace, and be administered in a manner similar to, IGIV-SD, 10%.

Mean lifetimes of high-spin states of Kr-74 have been determined using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The high-spin states were studied using the Ca-40(Ca-40, alpha 2p) reaction at a beam energy of 160 MeV with the GASP gamma-ray spectrometer. The ground-state band and negative parity side band show the presence of three different configurations in terms of transitional quadrupole deformations. A dramatic shape change was found along the ground-state band after the S-band crossing. The deduced quadrupole deformation changes are well reproduced by cranked Woods-Saxon Strutinsky calculations.

The electric dipole strength distributions below threshold in stable even-mass Pb isotopes have been extracted from photon scattering experiments at the superconducting Darmstadt electron linear accelerator S-DALINAC. Between 4 and 6.5 MeV excitation energy a resonance-like clustering of strength is observed. A strong evolution of a fragmentation of the dipole strength with opening the neutron shell is found. The fine structure of the strength is compared to microscopic quasiparticle-phonon model calculations that quantitatively reproduce the data quite well and explain the fragmentation of the dipole strength. Models suggesting the oscillation of excess neutrons with respect to an N ≃ Z core as a possible origin of low-lying E1 strength are critically examined.

The electromagnetic dipole response of ${}^{138}\mathrm{Ba}$ was measured up to 6.7 MeV excitation energy in a photon scattering experiment. Two Euroball Cluster detectors were used to detect the scattered photons under 94 and 132 degrees. The Cluster at 94 degrees served as a Compton polarimeter. The total observed dipole cross section is in good agreement with previous tagged photon data, but in the present experiment the transition strength and the electric character of most of the transitions has been determined on a state-by-state basis. The data show a concentration of $E1$ strength around 6 MeV. For one of the strongest excitations $M1$ character is suggested. The results of model calculations using the quasiparticle phonon model (QPM) agree with the observed electric dipole strength distribution.

Rotational bands with strong magnetic dipole transitions have been observed in the doubly-odd nuclei 82Rb and 84Rb. These bands show the characteristic features of magnetic rotation. They are the first evidence of this new kind of nuclear excitation in the A≈80 region. The results are well reproduced within the framework of the Tilted Axis Cranking model on the basis of four-quasiparticle configurations of the type π(fp)π(g9/22)v(g9/2).

The high-spin states of the N=Z nucleus 64Ge have been investigated using the EUROBALL array coupled to the ISIS Si-ball and to a highly efficient n-Wall. Spins and parities were assigned on the basis of a DCO and of a polarization analysis.

The high-spin structure of the N≃Z nuclei 62,64,65Ga have been investigated using the EUROBALL array coupled to the ISIS Si-ball. The collective bands of such nuclei are then compared showing an unexpected behavior.

The collective bands of 75Kr were extended up to spin 45 2 using the compound reactions 50Cr(28Si,2pn), 54Fe(24Mg,2pn) and 58Ni(20Ne,2pn)75Kr. Lifetimes were measured by RDDS with nine OSIRIS detectors in coincidence. Mixing ratios were determined by measurements of internal conversion coefficients, angular distribution and correlations. Deviations between different measurements are explained by the short lifetimes leading to angle dependent intensity losses due to Doppler shift. Spins and parities were assigned from angular distributions, excitation functions and DCO ratios measured with the OSIRIS_12 spectrometer. The band head spin of the negative parity yrast band was established as 3 2 via DCO ratios and internal conversion coefficients. Further bands at low excitation energy were found. In accordance to Woods-Saxon cranking model calculations, these weaker populated sidebands are interpreted to be built on oblate deformed intrinsic states (β2 ≈ −0.2), while the strongly populated bands are built on prolate deformed states (β2 ≈ +0.4). The interpretation of the 1qp g 9 2 yrare band, to be generated from oblate deformation, is further supported by ΔI = 0 transitions into the yrast band and a similar oblate deformed g 9 2 structure in the isotone 73Se. The experimental level energies, branching ratios, transition probabilities and mixing ratios are compared to rotor model calculations. The deviations between experiment and rotor model calculations are interpreted to be based on mixing between prolate and oblate states.