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To measure the total neutron cross sections, the authors developed a convenient technique using silicon semiconductor detectors with the simple and compact detecting system. The created technique was used to measure A + n total cross sections at the energy En = 14.1 MeV for several nuclei in different mass region. The neutron generator NG-150 in D + T regime of neutrons generation is used as fast neutrons source. The results of measurements and their comparison with the appropriate literature values are also presented.

The Geant4 code is used for Monte Carlo modeling of the angular distribution of the neutron yield from an 3H(d, n)4He reaction in a tritium target, and the effect the collimator unit has on the neutron flux. The number of all nuclear reaction channels in a 232Th + natU (50/50%) target per 14.1-MeV neutron is also found, along with the optimum size of the target for the maximum yield of secondary neutrons.

The activation method is proposed for collection of the sufficient statistics during the investigation of the nuclear astrophysical reactions at low energies with the short-living residual nuclei formation. The main feature is a multiple cyclical irradiation of a target by an ion beam and measurement of the radioactivity decay curve. The method was tested by the yield measurement of the 12 C( p ,γ) 13 N reaction with detecting the annihilation γγ- coincidences from 13 N(β + ν) 13 C decay at the two-arm scintillation spectrometer.

Double differential cross sections of the reaction 24Mg(p, pγ1.369)24Mg at Ep = 7.4 MeV are measured for proton emission angles of 30°–160° (lab.). All odd components of the density matrix spin-tensors of the 24Mg nucleus in the 2+ (1.369 MeV) state are restored and all its orientation characteristics are determined. The experimental results are compared to calculation results using the coupled channel method and assuming of the formation of resonance in the 25Al compound nucleus.

The results obtained by reconstructing of the experimental angular dependences of polarization tensors, the tensors of orientation of multipole moments, and the dynamical deformation of 24Mg nuclei produced in the 2+ state at 1.369 MeV in inelastic deuteron scattering on 24Mg nuclei at E d = 15.3 MeV for deuteron scattering angles between 25° and 165° in the laboratory frame are presented. The experimental results are compared with the results of calculations based on various versions of the coupled-channel method. The role of spin-orbit and tensor d 24Mg interactions is discussed along with the influence of the reorientation effect. The correlation features of the 2+ state of the 24Mg nucleus at 1.369 MeV that were determined in inelastic deuteron and alpha-particle scattering on 24Mg are compared.

The original version of the activation method is presented and yield of the astrophysical relevant reaction [Formula: see text] has been measured at the energy region 190–650[Formula: see text]keV using this method. The rate of this reaction was calculated within the temperature region [Formula: see text] through the yield values. The possibility of improving the method for measuring very small yields or cross sections was demonstrated.

Angular distributions of differential cross sections have been measured for elastic, inelastic scattering and the ( He 3 , d ) reaction on 6Li nuclei at the E lab ( He 3 ) = 34 MeV energy. The new and early obtained elastic scattering data at 34, 50, 60 and 72 MeV have been analyzed with Coupled Reaction Channels Method (CRC) taking into account triton transfer mechanism. The spectroscopic factors for t + He 3 configuration of 6Li were extracted. Parameters for real part of potential have been also calculated microscopically with double folding model. The differential cross sections for proton stripping to the 7Be ground and first excited states have been analyzed by modified DWBA and CRC methods at 34 MeV. The effect of triton and α exchange on proton transfer reaction Li 6 ( He 3 , d ) Be 7 for both ground and excited state is discussed. Spectroscopic factors and asymptotical normalization coefficients for p + Li 6 configuration of 7Be have been obtained from the experimental data.

A review is presented of “nontraditional” laboratory nuclear-physical methods for determining key parameters of charged-particle semiconductor detectors, such as the sensitive depth and the energy resolution. The methods for measuring the sensitive depth are based on the peculiarities in interactions of radiation from standard α,β, and γ sources and monochromatic neutrons with the detector materials and require that several “reference” detectors with known characteristics be available. Using the proposed methods, it is possible to preliminarily estimate the serviceability of detectors before employing them in expensive experiments, e.g., on accelerator beams.

The proton transfer $^{7}\mathrm{Be}(d,n)^{8}\mathrm{B}$ reaction at the energy of 4.5 MeV (center of mass) has been analyzed within the modified distorted-wave Born approximation. New estimates and their uncertainties are obtained for values of the asymptotic normalization coefficients for $p+^{7}\mathrm{Be}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{8}\mathrm{B}$, the astrophysical ${S}_{17}(0)$ factor, and the $s$-wave $p+^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ scattering lengths.

Existing experimental data on elastic and inelastic deuteron scattering on 6Li nuclei in the energy range from 8 to 50 MeV were analyzed within the approach of coupled reaction channels. The coupling of elastic scattering and inelastic scattering accompanied by the transition to the 3+ state at E x = 2.186 MeV and the mechanism involving the exchange of an alpha-particle cluster were taken into account in respective calculations. The phenomenological potentials obtained from the present analysis describe well experimental angular distributions at all energies and in full angular ranges. The depths of the real and imaginary parts of the potentials in question depend smoothly on energy at fixed values of the remaining parameters. The energy dependence of relevant volume integrals agrees well with similar data for the p + 6Li, α + 6Li, and 12C + 12C systems and with the predictions of a microscopic theory.

The astrophysical S factors for the radiative-capture reaction 14N(p, γ)15O in the region of ultralow energies were calculated on the basis of the R-matrix approach. The values of the radiative and protonic widths were fitted to new experimental data. The contribution of direct radiative capture to bound states of the 15O nucleus was determined with the aid of asymptotic normalization coefficients, whose values were refined in the present study on the basis of the results obtained from an analysis of the reaction 14N(3He, d)15O at three different energies of incident helium ions. A value of S(0) = 1.79 ± 0.31 keV b was obtained for the total astrophysical S factor, and the reaction rate was determined for the process 14N(p, γ)15O.

The influence of the induction and relaxation time of the deformed adsorption layer of the bubble on the stability of the wetting film is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that, during flotation by a mixture of dry air with the saturated water vapor (aerosol), the adherence selectivity increases due to stabilization of the wetting film. A method for computing the vapor flow rate during flotation with aerosol that does not require empirical information is developed.

To increase the technological characteristics of processing of the ores of the Urup deposit, the flow chart of stream flotation and a column flotation machine are applied to separate a rough concentrate in a second flotation stream. A vapor-air mixture with the addition of a foam former and oleic acid fed into the column through a pneumohydraulic aerator of the diffuser-confusor type is used as the gas phase during the column flotation.

The differential cross sections of the 10B(d,t)9B and 10B(d,3He)9Be reactions at E d = 25 MeV were measured to obtain the ratio of asymptotic normalization coefficients for the bound states of the last neutron and the last proton in the symmetric nucleus 10B. The obtained ratio is shown to be in agreement with the theoretical value.

The contribution of the direct radiative capture of protons by 10 B and 24 Mg nuclei at low energies to the astrophysical S -factors in the reactions 10 B (p,γ)11 C and 24 Mg (p,γ)25 Al have been calculated within the R-matrix formalism by using empirical proton asymptotical normalization coefficients (ANC). The ANCs for bound proton configurations {10 B +p} and {24 Mg +p} were obtained from the analysis of the reactions (3 He , d). The ANCs were also estimated from the values of the neutron ANCs in the mirror nucleus 25 Mg following the suggestion that the neutron and the proton in the mirror states have equivalent nuclear potentials. It has been found that the S -factor for the reaction 10 B (p,γ)11 C extrapolated to zero energy contributes ~100 keV b to the radiative capture to the ground state of 11 C . For the reaction 24 Mg (p,γ)25 Al the value S(0) gives 58 keV b with a direct capture contribution of 41 keV b .

At an energy of 25 MeV and in the angular range 7°−175° in the laboratory frame, angular distributions were measured for elastic deuteron scattering on 6Li nuclei and for the respective inelastic-scattering processes accompanied by the transitions to the ground state (1+) of the 6Li nucleus and to its excited state at E x = 2.186 MeV (J π = 3+). The resulting data were analyzed on the basis of the optical model of the nucleus and the coupled-reaction-channel method with allowance for the mechanism of alpha-particle-cluster exchange. It is shown that only upon including, in the analysis, channel coupling and the exchange mechanism can the experimental cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering be reproduced over the entire range of angles.

Based on the laboratory studies of ore concentration and the statistical processing of the characteristics of operating a lead-zinc plant, it is established that obtaining a high-quality commercial lead concentrate is possible only after the additional reduction of the crude concentrate. It is proven that the characteristics of flotation increase as the content of metals in the starting ore increases. The revealed dependences are used in development of the technology of zinc removal from the lead concentrate to improve the characteristics of ore dressing. The idea of this technology is that the batch is prepared from the concentrate and the ore; the charge is ground in the ore mill and concentrated by the schematic of direct selective flotation. An increase in the quality of the lead concentrate is reached due to the opening of aggregates of galenite with sphalerite and pyrite. The increase in the characteristics of ore concentration is explained by an increase in the content of metals in feeding the flotation and by a decrease of the ratio of the zinc content to the lead- the zinc module. The commercial characteristics obtained as a result of industrial tests of the technology of zinc removal from the lead concentrate due to repeated flotation with the starting ore confirmed the high efficiency of the developed technology.

A unified description of existing experimental data on alpha-particle scattering by 6Li over the broad energy range from 18 to 166 MeV was obtained with allowance for channel-coupling effects and mechanisms involving the exchange of a deuteron cluster. Angular distributions were analyzed on the basis of the optical model and the coupled reaction channels method. It was shown that the inclusion of channel coupling and the contributions from one- and two-step exchangemechanismsmakes it possible to describe special features of the behavior of differential cross sections for both elastic and inelastic scattering in a full energy range. Optimum values found for the parameters of optical potentials agree with the parameters of the global potential proposed previously for nuclei in the mass region A > 12.

A method for determining the thickness of silicon charge particle detectors has been developed. The method is based on measurements of spectra from a standard 137Cs γ source, whose shape changes with detector thickness. The method can be used in the thickness range ∼50–6000 μm with an accuracy from 20 to 10%, respectively. No complex equipment or laborious calculations are needed.

Experimental astrophysicalS-factors for the direct radiative capture processes d(p,γ)3He and 16O(p,γ)17F are analyzed using the modified two-body potential approach. The values of the asymptotic normalization coefficients (nuclear vertex constants) are found for the wave functions of the 3He and 17F nuclei in the (d + p) and (16O + p) channels respectively and are then used to extrapolate the astrophysical S-factor to the region of very low energies.

Empirical values of the asymptotic normalization coefficient for proton bound states in the 14N nucleus for the first five levels were obtained from an analysis of the experimental differential cross sections known from our measurements and from the literature for the reaction 13C(3He, d)14N in the projectile-energy range between about 15 and 40 MeV. The values obtained in this way were used to calculate the astrophysical S factors for the reaction 13C(p, γ)14N in the case of the population of the first five levels of the 14N nucleus. The calculations were based on the R-matrix approach. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental astrophysical S factor at energies below 1 MeV.

It is shown that the energy resolution of silicon detectors, estimated from α-ray spectra irradiated by a reference α source (i.e., the surface resolution), is not always an indicator of detector quality. The energy resolution found from the spectra of particles that penetrate deeply into the detector material (i.e., the depth resolution) can be quite inferior to the surface resolution. It is proposed that detectors be tested in a quasimochromatic neutron flux.

The differential cross sections for the (3He, d) reactions on 16O nuclei at $$E_{3_{He} } = 42$$ MeV and on 19F and 26Mg nuclei at $$E_{3_{He} } = 22.3$$ MeV are measured for angles from the forward hemisphere. These data and those from the literature are analyzed by using a procedure that combines the method of distorted waves and the elements of the dispersion approach. It is established that the reactions in question are peripheral. Phenomenological values of nuclear vertex constants for proton separation are obtained both for the ground state and for low-lying excited states of the final nucleus, and the corresponding spectroscopic factors are evaluated. It is indicated that these data can be used for nuclear astrophysics.

The parameters of the bound-state potential and the corresponding asymptotic coefficients of the wave functions for a number of symmetric and mirror nuclei of the 1d shell have been obtained within the single-particle approximation by solving the Schrodinger equation under the condition of equivalence of the nuclear potentials of the proton and neutron of one pair (EPN condition). The criterion for selecting the parameters was the equality of the calculated and experimental values of the nuclear radius. It is shown that, as a result of application of the EPN condition and the well-depth procedure, the ratio of the squares of the asymptotic coefficients for the neutron and proton of one pair becomes a constant, insensitive to variation in the parameters.

The scattering process on 1p-shell nuclei, having the cluster structure, can be seen in the anomaly increasing of cross sections for large angles. Most often, this increasing of cross sections is connected with mechanism of transfer of clusters or nucleons. The study of the α-cluster transfer mechanism in the elastic scattering of 20Ne ions on 16O nuclei is important for investigation burning process in evolution of the Universe immediately after the Big-Bang. Therefore new experiment on the heavy ion accelerator (Warsaw University) was carried out with a significant expansion of the range of angles up to 1700 in center mass system at E Lab =50.0 MeV. Data analysis of angular distribution was performed in framework of the optical model and coupled channel method. The optimal parameters of the optical potential were obtained and the spectroscopic factor was obtained 1 for 20Ne as α +16O.

The elastic scattering of the 20Ne+16O system has been analyzed with a phenomenological potential approach within the framework of the optical and coupled-channels models at ELab =50.0 MeV. The striking feature of the experimental data is the oscillatory structure at the intermediate angles and a rapid increase at large angles. Optical potentials have difficulty in describing such structures and predict a fall of experimental data around the intermediate angles. In order to explain this structure, we have used a deep real potential with a sum of Woods-Saxon typed surface and volume imaginary potentials. We present that deep real potential with these imaginary potentials explain the oscillatory structure and backward rise observed in the elastic scattering data within both models. It should be pointed out that there is a magnitude problem of the inelastic 2+ data for the deformed 20Ne nucleus that the standard coupled-channels model is unable to predict correctly.