Search

Financial behavior is a category and its relevance for Russia is growing rapidly along with the activity of people who carry out daily interactions in a dynamic socio-economic space at all its territorial levels (local, regional, national, and supranational). In this context, the authors emphasize the scientific significance of studying the process of behavior transformation leading to financial results. From the point of view of the authors, this is due to the understanding of the primary and secondary interdependencies, the coherence of the concepts used, their sequence, priority, and significance. The aim of the article is to show the connectedness of elements in the behavior of people who are actors simultaneously in three subspaces: social, economic, and financial, which are organized hierarchically. The goal is due to the diversity of people’s financial behavior and the need for a counter study of both the factors influencing it and the analysis of monitoring the intertwining forms of financial behavior. The authors use methods of spatial analysis, content analysis, and sociological factor analysis. The factors of influence are placed in the “pyramid” of subspaces, which contributes to their prioritization, the vectors of people’s interaction, the economic, socio-demographic determinism of their actions, and the territorial differentiation of the financial infrastructure, and other aspects are also highlighted. The article systematizes scientific approaches to the study of the economic and financial activities of the population from the point of view of the relationship of incentive motives which simultaneously affect decision-making. The study identifies structural elements of each of the three subspaces (relationships-resources-choice-experience), within which a person (social group) forms and implements a particular model of behavior. The main theoretical concepts used in the study of financial behavior are singled out: social relations, economic resources, financial strategy, and their relationship. The authors conclude that the financial behavior of people has a spatial structure. Its result is determined by the categories of three subspaces — social, economic, and financial, which together represent the “matryoshka” model. The proposed methodology is significant for identifying the characteristics of the financial behavior of young people and the factors influencing the transformation of their financial literacy.

Topic. The article is devoted to the analysis of financial behaviour the Russians and the formation of strategies of credit behaviour of the Russian population.Purpose. Our purpose was: identification of the factors influencing the formation of financial behaviour of the population of Russia, determination of the role of credit services in the development of our country and its regions; clarification of the phase of the current state of consumer crediting; assessment of the current situation in the market of crediting of private individuals taking into account peculiarities of their strategies; generalization of the experience of the lending market by using a credit card; presentation of a typology of population’s credit behavior; determination of the shortcomings of modern monetary and credit practices on the basis of credit behaviour of Russians.Methodology. We use following methods: content-analysis, sociological methods (in-depth structured interviews), methods of expert evaluation, classification, and taxonomy.Results. The authors highlighted the most important aspects, the relationships, and trends of financial behavior of the Russians. Compiled data are considered as factors of formation and study of models of financial behavior. Taking into account the functions of the loan, we describe the characteristics and types of credit instruments, the role of credit services in the development of territories (whole country and regions). The authors study of consumer lending and determine the phase of its modern state. We assess the current situation in the market of consumers’ crediting taking into account their specific socio-income groups. Next, we classify the consumer credit services and present a typology of consumers’ credit behavior. We ground the factors of choice of models of borrowers’ behavior and identify the ‘gaps’ of modern financial and credit practices and generalize the experience of bank’s lending on the example the most common product—credit card.Conclusions. The authors propose ways to prevent possible negative processes in the credit market of Russia: financial education programs; improvement of the legislative base aimed at protection of the borrowers’ rights; an increase of consumers’ confidence in the financial (particularly the banking) system; the growth of living standards; state policy aimed at the sustainable socio-economic development of the country.

The article deals with legal and economic issues of development of unconventional and hard-to-recover gas resources of Russia in comparison with other countries of the world. The emphasis is made on this type of resource due to its growing environmental relevance and technological capabilities. The following categories of this type of resource (hard-to-recover gas resources) are considered: shale gas, coal bed methane, gas hydrates. The Russian modern experience of their involvement in the economy is evaluated. The most perspective country regions in terms of reserves and their exploration are highlighted. Today development of unconventional gas resources is one of strategic objectives ofperspective national and regional sustainable resource supply. The transition moment from traditional resources to «unconventional» is determined not only by the comparability of the costs of their involvement in the economy, but also by the environmental needs of the world, national and regional level.

Background. An in-depth analysis of the scientific works of scientists and medical practitioners allows us to conclude that locked nail intramedullary osteosynthesis is the optimal and the most effective method of treating closed diaphyseal fractures of the lower leg bones, which is caused by the high stability of osteosynthesis and minimal damage to soft tissues during surgery. The processes of microcirculation changes in the early postoperative period by various metal structures, including a locked intramedullary nail, still remain unexplored. In particular, there is insufficient data on the use of a locked intramedullary nail. The aim of the study. To identify the features of changes in microcirculation indices of injured lower leg bones during fixation of fragments with a locked intramedullary nail in the early postoperative period. Materials and methods. The microcirculation of the lower limb segment was studied in 25 patients using laser Doppler flowmetry. Data from 25 healthy volunteers were used as a comparison group. Results. It was found that in the early postoperative period, from day 1 to day 10, in patients with diaphyseal fractures of the lower leg bones operated with locked nail intramedullary osteosynthesis, there is a decrease in the cardiac range, an increase in the share of the shunt component of microcirculation compared to the nutritional share, as well as an increase in more than 1 ratio of the cardiac and respiratory range amplitude, which indicates an ischemia type of local circulatory disorder. Compensation of ischemia is done by anastomoses, since the bypass rate is increased. Conclusion. In case of surgical treatment with locked nail intramedullary osteosynthesis, in the early postoperative period, an ischemic type of compensated local circulatory disorder develops. The regeneration process takes place under conditions of reduced arterial microcirculation blood flow and stable venous outflow, as well as the inclusion of anastomoses to compensate for destroyed vessels, which is associated with nail damage to the internal blood flow of the bone endosteum and intraosseous nutrient artery during the surgery.

Modern requirements for the safe operation of nuclear power plants dictate the need to introduce systems for early reactor plants state diagnosis. Vibrations have always been a threat to the safe nuclear power plants operation, therefore, solving the issues of improving the nuclear power plants vibronoise diagnostics accuracy, especially in the field of ultra-low frequencies, is an urgent task. The most promising way to solve the problem of flexible guides in electromechanical vibration transducers is the levitation effect, which makes it possible to completely eliminate mechanical contact and, accordingly, reduce the sensitivity threshold of the transducer. The article presents an analysis of existing vibration transducers and offers analogue and digital mathematical models of the magnetic levitation system, taking into account the influence of the electromagnetic force nonlinearity. The characteristics of such a nonlinear system are studied using the method of harmonic linearization, which makes it possible to obtain an equivalent linear system. At the same time, the third order terms of the electromagnetic force expansion in the Taylor series are taken into account, which made it possible to obtain a more accurate analogue the vibration transducer model. For the developed vibration transducer digital model, using the z-form method, a system function and the corresponding difference equation were obtained. Expressions and graphs of transient, pulse and frequency characteristics are derived for both analogue and digital vibration converter models, which allow us to conclude about the accuracy and adequacy of the developed digital model. Using obtained vibration transducer digital models will make it easier to model its operation and reasonably select the vibration transducer initial parameters.

Северные районы Волго-Уральской нефтегазоносной провинции еще не исчерпали возможностей получения прироста запасов нефти и газа за счет структурных залежей, тем не менее назрела необходимость поисков неантиклинальных ловушек. Весьма перспективными на обнаружение здесь ловушек углеводородов неантиклинального типа являются девонские терригенные отложения. Проведена типизация неантиклинальных ловушек, развитых в пределах нефтеперспективных земель изучаемой территории. В соответствии с проведенной типизацией на основе геолого-геофизических критериев выделены шесть зон распространения неантиклинальных ловушек, перспективных на обнаружение промышленных скоплений углеводородов.

The article presents a historiographic review of "Siberia: XX Century". This interuniversity collection of research papers was published in Kemerovo in 1997–2007. Based on standard research methods and special historical and historiographic principles, the authors analyzed the periodical as a complex historiographic source. The quantitative analysis made it possible to calculate the ratio of the special issues, to assess the editorial board and authors, to describe the research subjects, etc. The semantic analysis was based on the content analysis, which also revealed to what degree the authors of the journal participated in the historical discourse. The paper features retrospective and prospective analyzes of the main research works of the leading Siberian scientists published in "Siberia: XX Century". The research objective was to identify the patterns of the current historiographic situation based on the state of knowledge of the key historical processes in Siberia.

Introduction. Qualification of equipment is one of the crucial aspects of quality assurance of medicinal products that ensures consistency of metrological characteristics. Elaboration of local guidances on qualification of measuring instruments, and harmonisation of the qualification procedure with the requirements of the European and American regulations will help to improve the quality of medicinal products manufactured in Russia and to facilitate their competitiveness on the global pharmaceutical market.Text. The aim of this review is to analyse the Russian regulatory framework regarding the consistency of metrological characteristics of measuring equipment used in the pharmaceutical industry. The article contains information on the special aspects of confirmation of compliance of equipment to the metrological requirements stated in various regulatory documents in force in the Russian Federation.Conclusion. The article demonstrates the ambiguity of interpretation of the Russian regulatory framework and European quality recommendations regarding metrological requirements to measuring equipment. Elaboration of the local guidance harmonizing metrological requirements to equipment will help to focus on the result and the quality of medicinal products, and to eliminate the ambiguity of interpretation of the Russian regulatory framework.

Описывается опыт диагностики поражения верхнешейного отдела позвоночника и спинного мозга у 21 пациента с ревматоидным артритом, оперированных с 2005 по 2015 гг. в РНПЦ травматологии и ортопедии.

Background. A significant number of medical students refuse to work on a specialty obtained in medical universities after its completion or during the first years of professional activity.Purpose of the study: to conduct a sociological study of the adherence of students of a medical university to employment in a specialty received at a university, as well as factors of its motivation.Methods. A sociological survey of graduate students of ISMU was conducted using specially designed questionnaires.Results. It was revealed that more than 5 % of students do not plan to work on the received specialty after graduating from a medical university. Only every fourth respondent after graduation is going to return to his place of permanent residence, one of four intends not to return, and half have not yet decided on the choice of a further place of work and residence. Work with undergraduates about bringing them to the territory of the initial residence is organized by the administration of municipal entities and medical organizations poorly. Meanwhile, the requirements of graduates presented to a potential employer in terms of the level of wages and the creation of conditions for residence and professional activity are not overstated.Conclusion. Working with graduates and taking specific steps to implement their requirements is the most logical option for joint activities of medical universities, health authorities, administrations of medical organizations and local self-government bodies to create favorable conditions for securing young professionals in their chosen field of activity.

The research features public records concerning the Social-Democratic organizations of the Far East (Russia), stored in the collection of illegal publications at the Center for Social and Political History, the rare book section. The collection contains archival documents originating from the two largest Social-Democratic groups of the Far East located in Blagoveshchensk and Vladivostok. The records include: various reports, corporate charters, resolutions of party meetings, mandates to elected officials, and small newspapers. Publications issued by the Far Eastern social democratic organizations were mostly leaflets printed on a typewriter or published on a hectograph or mimeograph. Some leaflets were printed in actual print shops of private publishing houses or in handicraft illegal print shops. Most of the documents were previously unstudied. However, they belong to the category of particularly valuable and unique historical documents of cultural, historical and scientific value for the study of the Socio-Political movement of the Russian East. The author believes that the public records stored at the Center for Social and Political History, in combination with other archival data, may cast light on the state of the history of Social-Democratic underground in the Far East, its formation and development.

The analysis of vacancies and job offers for doctors, especially information on the declared amount of wages and benefits, allows not only to study the need for personnel, but also to study the level of motivation of candidates for medical posts. The aim of the study was to analyze vacancies and job offers for doctors from state medical organizations of the Irkutsk region. The study was conducted using the method of continuous statistical analysis of job offers for physicians posted on the official website of the Ministry of Health of the Irkutsk region. The public sector of the healthcare system in the Irkutsk region provides a large number of vacancies for unemployed doctors and young professionals. Declared in job advertisements, the salary level of doctors is below the level reflected in regional state reports on the health of the population and the organization of health care. There is a lag in the salaries of medical workers from the average for the region, as well as the backlog of the Irkutsk region in this indicator from the Russian Federation. When comparing the municipalities of the region to the maximum and minimum declared wage levels, it is revealed that the difference between them is almost fourfold. Although the most demanded are doctors who provide primary health care, the need for these specialists does not correlate with the level of wages offered to them in vacancy announcements. Fourfold excess of the maximum declared wage level over the minimum in the municipal formations of the region is not a consequence of taking into account difficult working conditions in hard-to-reach areas, but is due exclusively to factors of economic nature.

The lack of a formed professional self-determination among high school students leads to the fact that in the process of medical education and the first years of professional activity, a significant number of students and young specialists leave medicine. Purpose of the study: sociological assessment of professional self-determination of schoolchildren of the upper grades, including those who choose the profession of a doctor, as well as the factors that determine it. Methods. The study was conducted using a sociological survey using a specially developed questionnaire. Results. The level of professional self-determination of schoolchildren of the upper grades is low, one out of every three schoolchildren surveyed has not yet decided on the choice of the future profession, about 8 % of the students have not even chosen an approximate direction of future professional activity. Schoolchildren who have chosen the profession of a doctor, the main motivation is an adherence and a life situation, while prestige and the level of wages are not decisive. As the main base of forming professional self-determination two out of three respondents named the school, meaning the speech made for them by doctors and medical students. For those schoolchildren who have chosen the profession of a doctor on their own, the main motivation factor usually is the visit to the medical university during Doors Open Days. Conclusion. The most important role in the formation of professional self-determination of future doctors belongs to the development and implementation of vocational guidance activities carried out by the forces of the school and medical university.

The documentation, proceeding from social-democratic organizations of Primorye during the revolution of 1905–1907 is considered and political reaction, presented in the Collection of Illegal Publications of the Center for Social and Political History (CSPI) at the State Public Historical Library (GPIB). Documentary collections of the library are equated to archival collections and are an important component of the Archive Fund of the Russian Federation, and the documentation contained in them, as a rule, belongs to the category of particularly valuable or unique. The Center for Social and Political History of the State Public Historical Library contains in its collection illegal publications of the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), including publications of local organizations and groups. Primorye organizations include 13 documents, which are charters, cash reports, conference resolutions, mandates to deputies, reports on the status and activities, political proclamations. Most of the documents come from the Vladivostok organization of the RSDLP – officially approved by the leading organization of the Primorsky district of the RSDLP, which included all the Social Democratic groups of the Primorsky region. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the organizational structure, status and activities of the organizations of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in the Primorsky region of the Amur governor general-governorate and to determine the functional role and significance of the historical documentation presented in the department of the rare book of the CSPI, according to the surviving historical sources. Being historical sources and performing a retrospective function, during the period of its operation the collection documents carried social, political, ideological, and regulatory functions. Their importance for studying the social and political movement in the Far East, Siberia and the country as a whole can not be overestimated.

The paper discusses the fate of the Siberian lawyer originating from the family of townspeople who graduated fromMoscowUniversity. In 1917, he reached the peak of his career – becoming a State employee, Chairman of Barnaul district court. The overthrow inSiberiaby the Soviet authorities and the establishment of the anti-Bolshevik regimes led him to the post of Assistant Minister for justice. There, he sought to instill legality and legal order inSiberiaas well. The entry of the Red Army into the region interrupted this process. For 23 years until his death A. P. Morozov was excommunicated from his profession that proved unnecessary for the new state formation.

The paper examines the impact of World War I on the social-democratic underground in Tobolsk and Akmola region. Particular attention is paid to the processes that led to the “decay” of the political underground and the underground’s move to legal activities. Specific historical data and key findings are based on materials of archives, introduced in the scientific use for the first time.

The paper studies the reflection of the socio-political movement of the early 20th century in the documents preserved in museums and archives of small towns in Eastern Siberia, which were not province center. The author shows the importance of introducing police and local governments records as well as special collections of archives and museums to the scientific community.

The paper addresses the reflection of the underground socialist movement in the early 20th century Siberia in thedocuments that survived in the archives of the Volga region. The importance of the Volga region’s archives documenta-tion for the integral study of the Siberian socialist underground is revealed. The historical documents analysed in the paper are introduced into scientific use for the first time.