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Today, in the scientific and practical field, as well as a long time later, much attention is paid to improving the quality and quantity of yield. To obtain the desired results, we considered various systems of basic soil tillage in the growing of winter wheat, namely, determined the influence of basic soil tillage systems on the autumn development of winter wheat in the Luhansk region. The results of research of the influence of the basic soil tillage and the forecrop on the density and content of productive moisture in the soil layer of ordinary chernozems and on the autumn phases of development of winter wheat variety “Antara” are discussed. The research was performed in 2018‒2020 in the fields of the department of scientific and technical training in agronomy and farms located in the north-central moderately arid subzone of Luhansk region. Three methods of soil tillage have been studied by us: moldboard ploughing ‒ depth 22 cm; moldboard- less disking ploughing ‒ depth 10 cm; moldboard-free subsurface cultivation ‒ depth 12 cm. Forecrops: occupied fallow, sunflower, maize. The research was performed according to generally accepted methods. By means of research was established the advantage of moldboard ploughing over moldboardless ploughing. Moldboard soil ploughing contributed to the creation of lower density in the arable horizon under different forecrops, greater microbiological activity of the soil, better water supply during the autumn vegetative season. Moldboard ploughing increased access to nutrients such as potassium and nitrogen, and moldboardless ploughing accumulated available phosphorus. Improving the agrophysical properties of the soil contributed to the formation of better biometric indices in the autumn vegetative season. The height of the plants where the soil was plowed to the depth 22 cm was higher compared to the height of the plants with moldboard- less disking ploughing to the depth 10 cm. This affected the number of stems, which also increased, the number of leaves and roots increased, respectively. The depth of the tillering node increased relative to the increase in the depth of soil tillage, the weight of 100 absolutely dry plants increased, respectively, almost three to four times. Thus, the basic soil tillage improves the agrophysical properties, increases the microbiological activity of the soil and improves the biometric indices of plants.

In the favorable and dry conditions of the Voronezh region three new three-way cross hybrids (one hybrid with a mother form ‘Rubin S’ and two best hybrids with ‘Rodnik S’ significantly exceeded the standard and all single-cross modified hybrids. At the same time, the single-cross modified hybrids, selected on the mother forms ‘Agat M’ and ‘Ashan M’ exceeded the same three- way cross hybrids in grain productivity. The productivity of the best three-way cross hybrid ‘Rodnik S’ х В 51 was 6.80 t/ha, but the single-cross modified hybrids ‘Agat M’ х В 51 and ‘Ashan M’ х В 51 produced 7.20 and 7.16 t/ha of dry grain respectively. But, the single-cross and single- cross modified hybrids significantly gave in to the three-way cross hybrid in grain productivity on 12-57% in the favorable conditions and on 16-73% in the conditions of moisture deficit. The high cost of seeds of the single-cross hybrids (67.6 – 167.5 th rub/t) and the single-cross modified hybrids, selected with the help of sister hybridizations (51.7 – 96.4 th rub/t) and grown during frequent droughts, does not allow receiving a profit in the dry conditions and requires the use of irrigated lands for the seed-growing in the Voronezh region. The best variant is to implement the single-cross modified hybrids, selected on the single-cross hybrids, for example ‘Agat M’. Such hybrids successfully combine high productivity (6.78 – 7.20 t/ha) and rather efficient seed-growing, which give the opportunity to obtain the profit at the cost of 60-70.000 rubles per ton of seeds.