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The article is focused on the problems of legal regulation of preventive police action – police care. The authors have carried out the analysis of scientific works, the authors of which studied the peculiarities of the procedure of police care in regard to minors. The newly introduced legal institution of “police care” has been characterized; the legal status of a child has been determined. The authors have established the qualities of a police officer to effectively ensure the rights and interests of children. The authors have provided the relevant recommendations for improving the regulation of legal relations in the field of police care regarding the minors. The authors of the article have revealed the most topical issues regarding the procedure for the application of police care in regard to minors. A detailed theoretical characteristic of the procedural registration of police care has been provided. The requirements for the minutes form on the application of police care have been provided in details. The most frequent mistakes made by police officers in recording this fact have been characterized. The authors of the article have clarified the types of assistance provided by police officers to minors in order to achieve effective protection of the rights and interests of the latter. It has been proved that enshrining the concepts, specific features, legal nature, procedures of police care at the legislative level is a significant step towards protecting the legitimate interests of a man and citizen, where minors are special, least vulnerable subjects. Unfortunately, the timeframe for a police officer to take police care in regard to children has not been clearly defined. It has been established that police officers in most cases draw up the fact of police care not with police care sheet, but with a report, which is a violation of the law. The authors have expressed the suggestion on the need to conduct trainings with police officers, courses of advanced training on problematic issues in the field of psychological methods of communication with minors in adverse, difficult, conflict situations, where they would study in details the tactical, psychological methods of communication with children.

The results of an 11-year clinical observation and treatment of a patient with stage II basal cell carcinoma of the face (Т2N0M0) are presented. History of the illness is associated with a long (from 2001 to 2008) inadequate treatment, due to the incorrect diagnosis. After the proper diagnosis was established, from 2008 to 2019 at the Center for Laser and Photodynamic Diagnostics and Tumor Therapy of P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Center, the patient underwent organ-preserving treatment using the multi-course photodynamic therapy (PDT) and drug targeted therapy. In total, 23 courses of PDT were conducted with photosensitizers of the chlorin series and 5-aminolevulinic acid during this period. Since 2018, the patient is in the process of targeted drug treatment with Vismodegib. In the course of targeted drug treatment, a follow-up examination in 2019 revealed continued growth of the residual tumor, and another course of PDT was carried out. Throughout the observation period, the patient tolerated the treatment well, without complications, with a good quality of life and satisfactory cosmetic effect.

Modern advances in oncology can achieve significantly better results in terms of life expectancy in patients with metastatic brain disease. The combination of surgery, systemic therapy, whole brain irradiation and local methods of radiation therapy lead to good indicators for controlling the manifestations of the disease in the brain. Of course, intensification of treatment increases the risk of iatrogenic complications. The use of aggressive stereotactic radiotherapy regimens leads not only to high local control of irradiated metastases, but also to the risk of so-called radiation necrosis. The use of the most up-to-date diagnostic methods does not always allow one to unequivocally differentiate radiation necrosis from continued metastasis growth. The above example shows the need for a careful assessment of such situations and a multidisciplinary approach to interpreting the results of stereotactic radiotherapy.

In this article considers the models of random parameter and random walk as alternative approaches for estimating the mean standard deviation associated with heterogeneity during both the evaluation of the metrological characteristics of reference materials, the quality control of samples prepared from moist solid substances.For the random parameter and random walk models, the behaviour of the basic statistical criteria is described, including the overall mean, standard deviation, standard deviation of the mean and function, obtained both for real experimental data and theoretical measurement results simulated according to the Monte Carlo method. It is shown that the application of the ANOVA method for evaluating the standard deviation associated with heterogeneity should be additionally validated for the materials, whose basic statistical criteria fall under the random walk model.

This paper presents the results of a series of studies aimed at investigating the reference material (RM) of a multicomponent solution. An algorithm for estimating the uncertainty induced by the chemical element content in the RM is proposed taking into account the mass of the measurand in each component of the mixture. The results calculated according to the preparation procedure using the proposed algorithm were confirmed by the Monte Carlo method, while the elemental content in the mixture was confirmed via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The applicability of weighted mean estimates for characterizing an RM of a multicomponent solution is shown.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is one of the causes of congenital neurological disorders and the virus itself is the most common viral agent causing an imbalance in the production of placenta progesterone and its neuroactive metabolites – allopregnenolone and 5α-dihydroprogesterone. The aim was to evaluate the concentration of progesterone and its metabolites – 5α-dihydroprogesterone and allopregnenolone – in placenta during exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy, and the impact of these disturbances on the development of neurological disorders in children. We examined 30 pregnant women with exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy and 30 pregnant women with latent disease; and later their newborns. The enzyme immunoassay was used to determine concentration of progesterone in placenta; the histochemical method – to determine 5α-dihydroprogesterone and allopregnenolone. Newborns underwent neurosonography studies. Exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy decreased progesterone in placenta by 1.3 times, 5α-dihydroprogesterone – by 1.73 times and allopregnenolone – by 2 times. Ultrasound examination of the brain showed ventriculomegaly, periventricular ischemia, and pseudocysts in newborns up to one year from mothers with exacerbation of CMV during pregnancy. Later, minimal brain dysfunctions were manifested by motor disorders, increased general, vegetative excitability, and a tendency to digestive and sleep disorders. The data obtained indicate that the exacerbation of CMV infection in the first trimester of pregnancy is interrelated with a decrease in the concentration of progesterone and its metabolites (5α-dihydroprogesterone, allopregnenolone) in the placenta and development of neurological dysfunction in newborns.

Meningeal hemangiopericytomas are rare tumors of the meninges developing from pericytes. The main method of their treatment is surgery aimed at total removal of the tumor. Analysis of the literature studies shows high potential of post-operative distant radiation therapy to increase duration of relapse-free survival of these patients. The recommended total radiation dose varies from 50 to 60 Gy (and in some publications, it exceeds 60 Gy). Radiation is applied as classic fractionation and hypofractionation, and different types of radiosurgery and stereotaxic radiotherapy are suitable approaches to treatment of recurrent meningeal hemangiopericytomas in patients with a history of radiation therapy.

Elative to 90th Anniversary of the Rosstandart's formation we should mention about a Rosstandart's key role in start-up and activity development of the Russian State Service of Reference Materials for Composition and Properties of Substances and Materials (GSSO). This article presents the main stages of GSSO's development during USSR and the Russian Federation. The activity beginning in the field of reference materials (RMs) within GSSO dates from 1969. At that date USSR Gosstandart (nowadays Rosstandart of the Russian Federation) assumed the coordination of the work in this field. USSR Gosstandart defined the key responsibilities of GSSO: meeting the Russian needs in RMs, developing the necessary normative documents in the field of development, production and use of RMs, international cooperation in RMs, data base organization and management within the country. During the GSSO activity (as of2015) 11280 types of RMs were developed and listed on the State register of approved RM types, 1424 interstate RMs produced within the Russian Federation and 77 COOMET RMs were developed, 85 documents (basic, guidance as well as special documents designed for different field of use) were developed including 6 documents within International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML), 12 documents for Countries of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) (used to be valid till 1992), 21 interstate normative documents and 8 COOMET documents. During the last five years within the documentation development the major task was the harmonization GSSO's documents with the international documents to form the conditions for RMs development according to international requirements as well as to receive recognition of Russian RMs in the market. In the coming years the RMs harmonization should be assured by the accreditation of RMs producers in the Russian Federation and the procedure of type approval in accordance with the D 18 IOML document. The RMs development programs organized by the Federal executive authorities will be helpful to increase the RMs quantity as required in the Russian Federation.

Analysis revealed, that in the area of chemical composition measurements high-purity substances may be regarded as the best measurement capabilities in the database of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. Until now none of the countries of the world has the complete collection of high purity substances with evaluated purity level. At the present time the development of high-purity substances with evaluated values of mass fractions of the base substance is intensively going on to ensure metrological traceability to SI units using both primary methods and other instrumental methods of analysis.

Trends in development of reference materials (RMs) in Russia, in particular in the regulation and standardization, are described. As of December- 2015, Fifteen statutory and regulatory acts are valid in Russia in that field. The main principles of these acts to be harmonized with international requirements are discussed. Four interstate standards (for CIS country) based on ISO Guide 30, ISO Guide 31, ISO Guide 34, ISO Guide 35 are developed and issued in 2016 to harmonize activities in the RMfield. The main trend in the national and interstate standardization in the RM field is the harmonization with international RM documents (OIML, ISO). In 2015 190 new approved pattern certified reference materials (CRMs) of composition and properties of substances and materials were developed in Russia. The majority of new patterns of CRMs were developed for metallurgical, oil producing, refining and gas enterprises. Also CRM development for clinical diagnosis, pharmaceutics, ecological monitoring and production safety are still requested.. Development of CRMs based on the principles of private-state partnership is growing slowly.

Продолжение цикла статей о проведенных исследованиях мировых тенденций в области стандартных образцов. Представлен проект концепции развития Государственной службы стандартных образцов состава и свойств веществ и материалов, учитывающий современные тенденции в области стандартных образцов в России и за рубежом.

The effectiveness of traditional chemotherapy (with temozolomide, fotemustine, lomustine) alone or in combination with whole brain radiotherapy in melanoma patients with cerebral metastases does not exceed 7–10 % with no significant impact on survival, which is around 2–4 months. Targeted therapy helped to improve survival of patients with disseminated melanoma and BRAF V600 mutations. The use of targeted drugs in patients with brain metastases allows to control the tumor process and to succeed in treatment of cerebral metastases. According to currently available research data and our own results, the effectiveness of targeted therapy with vemurafenib in melanoma patients positive for BRAF V600 mutations with brain metastases reaches 18.0–44.5 % with median survival of 5.3–8.0 months. Evidences suggest that the use of vemurafenib in melanoma patients with brain metastases ensure effective disease control in most of the cases and has a significant advantage comparing to conventional chemotherapy and whole brain radiotherapy. According to the results of these studies vemurafenib can be recommended as a 1st line targeted drug for treatment of melanoma patients with BRAF V600 mutations and brain metastases. Despite the existence of blood-brain barrier and efflux systems, new targeted drugs showed promising results in treatment of brain metastases. Over the last few years we have enhanced our understanding of brain metastasis mechanisms, principles of blood-brain barrier functioning, and ways of cancer drugs penetration into the central nervous system. Targeted therapy is constantly developing and will play an increasing role in treatment of melanoma cerebral metastases in the future with finding of new targets.

Serial immunological and neurologic evaluation, and testing forinfections was performed in 32 patients (m 23, f 9, 1458years) with chronic non-inflammatory unconscious states. Themain group of patients (n=18) received treatment for subclinicalinfections and other infectious agents revealed. Treatment in thecontrol group (n=14) was targeted only on community-acquiredand nosocomial microbiota. Markers of inflammatory intrathecalresponce of the central nervous system (CNS) were found in 88%(28/32) patients, and this was associated with Chlamydia spp. incerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or blood (р0.01). Markers ofvarious mmunopathological vasculites/vasсulopathies wererevealed in 84% patients (27/32), and the tendency of their interrelationwith Chlamydia spp. in comparison with other subclinicalinfections was found. In some cases clinical data was confirmedby autopsy results. In the main group of patients during treatmentwe found the changes of structure of immunopathological syndromeand appearance in the CSF and/or blood of previouslyundiagnosed subclinical infections with further sanation of latentinflammatory process. It was accompanied by neurophysiologicalsigns of disbalance of a stable pathological condition withimprovement of brain metabolism according to PET data. In thecontrol group the specified changes were not found, and theshort-term and long-term results of treatment were worse. Theobtained data showed that in patients with chronic non-inflammatoryunconscious states in the substance and in the vessels ofbrain develops latent inflammatory process with immunopathologicalcomponent associated with Chlamydia spp. and other subclinicalinfections. It appears to be the factor of additional braindamage that consolidates the pathological condition in CNS. Itis reasonable to consider this process during elaboration of tacticsof treatment for these patients.

The issues of computer technology creation of 3D-design and engineering analysis of metal forming processes using cross wedge rolling methods (CWR) are considered. The developed software for computer-aided design and simulation of cross-wedge rolling is described.

The paper considers the experience with capecitabine in 67 patients with brain metastatic lesion from breast cancer. The immediate efficacy of capecitabine and the results of therapy with the agent were analyzed in the groups of its use alone and in combination with radiotherapy both for therapeutic purposes and as an adjuvant regimen. In the chemoradiation therapy group, the objective effects in the brain were 73 %. The median time to progression was 12.27 months. In the monochemotherapy group, the objective effects were 30 %. The median time to progression was 4 months. The results of the investigation show that capecitabine has pronounced antitumor activity and moderate toxicity. Combination treatment is the method of choice.

With a goal of the early detection of subclinical cognitive impairment and damage of the central nervous system in the early stages HIV infection the complex neurophysiological study (electroencephalogram, cognitive evoked potentials of auditory and visual modalities, complex sensory-motor reactions, visual evoked potentials) in 20 patients with HIV infection was performed. Electrophysiological signs of subclinical cognitive impairment and non-specific subclinical involvement of central nervous system were found. Application of the complex electrophysiological study by evaluating the function of widespread neuronal networks has allowed to increasing the sensitivity of early diagnosis of subclinical cognitive impairment in HIV-infected patients in 90% of cases.

Cerebral metastases cancer of the larynx are rare and poorly understood pathology, many questions of diagnostics and treatment of this pathology remain open. In the work presents clinical cases сerebral metastases cancer of the larynx. Special attention is paid to surgical treatment in complex with chemotherapy.