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Background Mammography is widely used for breast cancer screening but suffers from a high false-positive rate. Here, we perform the largest comprehensive, multi-center study to date involving diverse ethnic groups, for the identification of circulating miRNAs for breast cancer screening. Methods This study had a discovery phase (n = 289) and two validation phases (n = 374 and n = 379). Quantitative PCR profiling of 324 miRNAs was performed on serum samples from breast cancer (all stages) and healthy subjects to identify miRNA biomarkers. Two-fold cross-validation was used for building and optimising breast cancer-associated miRNA panels. An optimal panel was validated in cohorts with Caucasian and Asian samples. Diagnostic ability was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) analysis. Results The study identified and validated 30 miRNAs dysregulated in breast cancer. An optimised eight-miRNA panel showed consistent performance in all cohorts and was successfully validated with AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.915, 82.3%, 72.2% and 91.5%, respectively. The prediction model detected breast cancer in both Caucasian and Asian populations with AUCs ranging from 0.880 to 0.973, including pre-malignant lesions (stage 0; AUC of 0.831) and early-stage (stages I–II) cancers (AUC of 0.916). Conclusions Our panel can potentially be used for breast cancer screening, in conjunction with mammography.

Background CT-P13 subcutaneous (SC) infliximab formulation was developed to provide patients with a convenient option for treatment. Previous studies have shown efficacy and safety of CT-P13 SC comparable to CT-P13 intravenous (IV) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)1 and rheumatoid arthritis2. This study aimed to demonstrate superiority of CT-P13 SC over placebo in maintenance therapy after induction therapy of CT-P13 IV in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Patients with moderately to severely active UC (modified Mayo score 5 to 9 with endoscopic subscore of ≥ 2 points) were enrolled LIBERTY-UC (NCT04205643) and treated with open label CT-P13 IV 5 mg/kg at Weeks 0, 2 and 6 as induction therapy. At Week 10, patients who had a clinical response, defined as decrease in modified Mayo score from baseline of at least 2 points and at least 30%, with an accompanying decrease in the rectal bleeding subscore of at least 1 point or an absolute rectal bleeding subscore of 0 or 1 point, were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive either CT-P13 SC 120 mg (CT-P13 SC) or placebo SC arms every 2 weeks up to Week 54. The primary endpoint was clinical remission at Week 54. The key secondary endpoints of clinical response, endoscopic-histologic mucosal improvement, and corticosteroid-free remission were assessed at Week 54. Safety was evaluated up to Week 54. Results A total of 548 patients were enrolled. Among them, 438 patients (79.9%) responded to CT-P13 IV induction dosing and were randomised (294 in CT-P13 SC arm and 144 in placebo arm, respectively) at Week 10. The rate of clinical remission at Week 54 was significantly greater in CT P13 SC (43.2%) compared to placebo (20.8%) (P The safety profile during maintenance phase was generally comparable between CT-P13 SC and placebo arms (table 2). No deaths were reported. Conclusion CT-P13 SC was more effective than placebo for clinical remission, clinical response, endoscopic histologic mucosal improvement, and corticosteroid-free remission at Week 54 in patients with moderately to severely active UC. No new safety concerns were identified. These results demonstrate that the CT-P13 SC provides both a robust clinical benefit and the convenience of SC administration to patient with moderately to severely active UC. 1 Schreiber et al., 2021. Gastroenterology 2021;160:2340–23 2 Westhovens et al., 2020. Rheumatology 2020;00:1

The impact of sex and diabetes mellitus (DM) on patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) is not well elucidated. This study aims to evaluate sex differences in the clinical profile and outcomes in Asian HFmrEF patients with and without DM.Patients admitted nationally for HFmrEF (ejection fraction 40-49%) between 2008 and 2014 were included and followed up until December 2016. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular (CV) death and/or heart failure (HF) rehospitalisations.A total of 2,272 HFmrEF patients (56% male) were included. More women had DM than men (60% versus 55%,Asian women with HFmrEF had a higher prevalence of DM, with differences in clinical characteristics, compared to men. While diabetes conferred poor outcomes regardless of sex, there were distinct sex differences. These highlight the need for sex-specific management strategies.

ABSTRACT: For an underground excavation at depth in highly stressful conditions, it is important to mitigate the risk of stress-induced failure, e.g., rockburst, and improve miner safety concerning the stability of underground workplaces and the prevention of fatalities. In general, the cause of rockburst is classified into three categories: strainburst due to stress-induced fracturing, rock ejection by seismic energy transfer, and rockfall associated with mining-induced seismicity. In this study, the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) modified configuration of bar drop apparatus was developed by attaching a direct shear test box and a long bar. As a result, the modified bar drop system enabled to replicate and control of a seismic velocity that was an incident on the joint rock surfaces installed in the direct shear testing box. The long bar installed in the modified bar drop system provides a longer stress wavelength to overcome the relatively shorter duration of the stress waves in the SHPB system. The dynamic shear test on the jointed rock samples using the bar drop apparatus also provided the information to estimate the rock joint shear strengths. 1. INTRODUCTION The rock structures stability depends on the distribution characteristics and mechanical characteristics of discontinuous surfaces such as faults and joints in the rock. Underground excavation has high-stress conditions, and such workplaces are causing stability and fatalities of underground workplaces due to rockburst. In general, the cause of rockburst is classified into three categories: strainburst due to stress-induced fracturing, rock ejection by seismic energy transfer, and rockfall associated with mining-induced seismicity. In order to understand the behavior and stability of such rock structures, it is necessary to understand the shear characteristics of the joint surfaces. The direct shear test and multi-stage shear test are methods to measure the shear characteristics of the joint surfaces. The direct shear test measures the shear characteristics of a joint surface by generating shear displacement with different load conditions from each specimen and requires samples with the same roughness. However, it is difficult to obtain samples with the same roughness in the field, so a multi-stage shear test is conducted. A constant normal load section is set as a specimen in the multi-stage shear test. The shear characteristics for each normal stress stage are measured by generating shear displacement while increasing the normal load. In the case of the multi-stage shear test, the International Society of Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering (ISRM, 1981) recommends the discontinuous surface test method for rock. However, it has been pointed out that the joint surface of the specimen is damaged due to an increase in shear load due to the normal load, resulting in a lower shear strength than the direct shear test (Zhao and Zhou, 1992).

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and clinical manifestations in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Method: Th...

Toroidal rotation and ion temperature validation studies utilizing an X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) and charge exchange spectroscopy (CES) are continuously investigated from previous ex...

Behçet's disease (BD) is a recurrent, multisystemic, inflammatory blood vessel disorder that can result in mouth, genital, and skin ulcers; arthritis; and eye and intestinal inflammation. We describe a 21-year-old Korean female patient with intestinal BD refractory to conventional medical treatment and biologic drugs. The patient was initially treated with high-dose steroids and sulfasalazine. Two months later, a skin rash occurred as a side effect of sulfasalazine. Therefore, infliximab (IFX) was administered, and disease activity decreased. However, IFX also induced a skin rash; hence, the patient was switched to adalimumab. After 12 months, the patient experienced a relapse of intestinal BD. Hence, treatment was initiated using a combination of methotrexate and adalimumab; however, this treatment was ineffective. Methotrexate was discontinued and replaced with 5‑aminosalicylic acid while maintaining adalimumab, and no recurrence has been observed to date. We report this novel strategy involving the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor‑α agents for patients with resistant BD; however, further large cohort studies are required to verify its usefulness.

The current understanding of genetic susceptibility factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is still incomplete. To identify novel germline variants associated with NPC predisposition, we analysed whole-exome sequencing data from 119 NPC patients from Singapore with a family history of NPC and/or with early-onset NPC, together with 1337 Singaporean participants without NPC. Variants were prioritised and filtered by selecting variants with minor allele frequencies of 20). Using single-variant testing, we identified 17 rare pathogenic variants in 17 genes that were associated with NPC. Consistent evidence of enrichment in NPC patients was observed for five of these variants (in JAK2, PRDM16, LRP1B, NIN, and NKX2-1) from an independent case-control comparison of 156 NPC patients and 9770 unaffected individuals. In a family with five siblings, a FANCE variant (p. P445S) was detected in two affected members, but not in three unaffected members. Gene-based burden testing recapitulated variants in NKX2-1 and FANCE as being associated with NPC risk. Using pathway analysis, endocytosis and immune-modulating pathways were found to be enriched for mutation burden. This study has identified NPC-predisposing variants and genes which could shed new insights into the genetic predisposition of NPC.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory polyarthritis that typically affects the small joints but can also involve the manubriosternal joint (MSJ). Although cases of MSJ involvement in RA are rare, such cases present with chest pain, a mass-like lesion, and subluxation. These cases can also be diagnosed incidentally, while patients are asymptomatic. It is important to differentiate RA involving the MSJ from other diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis that can affect the MSJ. Several cases of RA affecting the MSJ have been reported in Western countries, but none have been reported to date in Asia, especially with disease activity of RA. Here, we report a case of RA in the MSJ that was confirmed by imaging and histological investigation in a middle-aged Asian woman.

This chapter reviews the development and applications of rhodium/palladium dual catalysis in organic synthesis. Dual catalysis can be broadly classified into two types: (1) Synergistic dual catalysis, where two independent rhodium and palladium catalytic cycles operate simultaneously to activate two different starting materials with balanced kinetics to afford two catalytically activated intermediates. These activated intermediates react with each other to afford the final product. (2) Orthogonal tandem dual catalysis, where two catalytic cycles operate in a sequential manner, one after the other, to promote two or more mechanistically distinct reaction steps in a single pot to furnish the product. The first part of the chapter covers synergistic rhodium/palladium dual catalysis, detailing examples that feature a direct reaction between rhodium-activated intermediates and orthogonal, palladium-activated intermediates. The second part of the chapter describes one-pot reactions that utilize initial rhodium catalysis and sequential palladium catalysis. A single example where initial palladium catalysis is followed by subsequent rhodium catalysis is also presented.

Holstein-Friesian steer beef production is renowned globally as a secondary product of the milk industry. Grass feeding is a common practice in raising Holstein steers because of its low cost. Furthermore, grass feeding is an alternative way to produce beef with a balanced n-6 to n-3 fatty acids (FAs) ratio. However, the performance and meat quality of Holstein-Friesian cattle is more likely to depend on a high-quality diet. The aim of this study was to observe whether feeding two mixed diets; a corn-based total mixed ration (TMR) with winter ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or flaxseed oil-supplemented pellets with reed canary grass haylage (n-3 mix) provided benefits on carcass weight, meat quality and FA composition compared with cattle fed with reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) haylage alone. In all, 15 21-month-old Holstein-Friesian steers were randomly assigned to three group pens, were allowed free access to water and were fed different experimental diets for 150 days. Blood samples were taken a week before slaughter. Carcass weight and meat quality were evaluated after slaughter. Plasma lipid levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were determined. Diet did not affect plasma triglyceride levels and GGT activity. Plasma cholesterol levels, including low-density and high-density lipoproteins, were higher in both mixed-diet groups than in the haylae group. The highest activities of plasma AST, CK and ALP were observed in the haylage group, followed by n-3 mix and TMR groups, respectively. Carcass weight was lower in the haylage group than in the other groups and no differences were found between the TMR and n-3 mix groups. Although the n-3 mix-fed and haylage-fed beef provided lower n-6 to n-3 FAs ratio than TMR-fed beef, the roasted beef obtained from the TMR group was more acceptable with better overall meat physicochemical properties and sensory scores. According to daily cost, carcass weight and n-6 to n-3 FAs ratio, the finishing diet containing flaxseed oil-supplemented pellets and reed canary grass haylage at the as-fed ratio of 40 : 60 could be beneficial for the production of n-3-enriched beef.

Toroidal rotation behaviors are investigated in KSTAR when ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) is applied in Ohmic and electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) plasmas. The ICRH induces the core toroidal rotation to the co-current direction, and H-mode transition is achieved by ICRH in ECH plasmas. Distinctive behaviors of the toroidal rotation during L- to H-mode transition triggered by ICRH and influences of edge localized modes in toroidal rotation are discussed.

Background Arrhythmia is the disturbance in the heart's regular rhythmic activity. Although arrhythmia signals are generally reflected on electrocardiogram records, some arrhythmias do not continuously appear. In such cases, heart-rate variability signals may have to be obtained over long periods of time and should be inspected by experts. However, analyses by experts require a long time and may omit important information. Therefore, computer aided diagnosis systems are required to automatically detect diverse types of arrhythmias. In addition, although many efforts have been made to develop arrhythmia detection techniques, studies on algorithms that are reliable, robust, and have an excellent adaptability to diverse situations remain necessary. Objective In this paper, we integrate coefficients extracted through principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for reinforcing the original signal's representative features and use the weighted k-nearest neighbor (WKNN) applying the weighted value control for reducing the sensitivity depending on the K size of k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and reclassify the data that were not accurately classified using the fitness rule for improving the arrhythmia classification accuracy. Methods In the preprocessing phase, the amplitude is adjusted through normalization and baseline fluctuations, and diverse noises existing in signals are removed using wavelets. In the feature extraction and selection phase, using daubechies 2, the pre-processed electrocardiogram signals are decomposed, and d4 and a4 feature coefficients are extracted. Thereafter, the dimensions of the d4 and a4 feature coefficients are reduced using PCA and LDA, respectively, and the resultant coefficients from the reduction are combined and composed as features. In the classification phase, the test data are classified into four classes using the KNN. The goodness of fit of the classified data is tested using the fitness rules, and any beats that are not classified correctly are reclassified by applying them to the WKNN algorithm. Results The results show that sensitivity = 97.57%, specificity = 99.42%, and positive predictive value = 94.41% are exhibited, as well as slightly higher sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values than other results. Conclusion The classification combining the features of PCA and LDA shows better results than classification using the features of PCA and LDA each. Additionally, the classification using WKNN and fitness rules exhibits higher sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values than classification without using WKNN and fitness rules thereby classifying arrhythmia more efficiently.

A novel ocular-features-combining method, called short-time Fourier transform (STFT) feature-combined image, and a simple convolutional neural networks (CNNs) model are proposed for arousal-valence recognition. The STFT feature-combined image aims to represent information on two ocular features (pupil size and eye movements) as a single image. The CNN model consists of two convolutional layers and uses STFT feature-combined image as an input. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and show that CNN model is not only effective for emotion-recognition methods based on other modalities, but also effective for ocular-feature-based emotion recognition.

PURPOSE: To estimate age-specific relative and absolute cancer risks of breast cancer and to estimate risks of ovarian, pancreatic, male breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers associated with germline PALB2 pathogenic variants (PVs) because these risks have not been extensively characterized. METHODS: We analyzed data from 524 families with PALB2 PVs from 21 countries. Complex segregation analysis was used to estimate relative risks (RRs; relative to country-specific population incidences) and absolute risks of cancers. The models allowed for residual familial aggregation of breast and ovarian cancer and were adjusted for the family-specific ascertainment schemes. RESULTS: We found associations between PALB2 PVs and risk of female breast cancer (RR, 7.18; 95% CI, 5.82 to 8.85; P = 6.5 × 10(−76)), ovarian cancer (RR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.04; P = 4.1 × 10(−3)), pancreatic cancer (RR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.24 to 4.50; P = 8.7 × 10(−3)), and male breast cancer (RR, 7.34; 95% CI, 1.28 to 42.18; P = 2.6 × 10(−2)). There was no evidence for increased risks of prostate or colorectal cancer. The breast cancer RRs declined with age (P for trend = 2.0 × 10(−3)). After adjusting for family ascertainment, breast cancer risk estimates on the basis of multiple case families were similar to the estimates from families ascertained through population-based studies (P for difference = .41). On the basis of the combined data, the estimated risks to age 80 years were 53% (95% CI, 44% to 63%) for female breast cancer, 5% (95% CI, 2% to 10%) for ovarian cancer, 2%-3% (95% CI females, 1% to 4%; 95% CI males, 2% to 5%) for pancreatic cancer, and 1% (95% CI, 0.2% to 5%) for male breast cancer. CONCLUSION: These results confirm PALB2 as a major breast cancer susceptibility gene and establish substantial associations between germline PALB2 PVs and ovarian, pancreatic, and male breast cancers. These findings will facilitate incorporation of PALB2 into risk prediction models and optimize the clinical cancer risk management of PALB2 PV carriers.

In September 2011, we observed a rust disease affecting about 90% of the leaves of several Rubus fruticosus L. plants at Andong (36°32′12.4″ N, 128°47′20.1″ E), Korea. Pustule formation occurred on cane surfaces and on the undersurfaces of leaves, with yellowing, reddening, and necrosis on the corresponding upper leaf surface. Leaf distortion and senescence also occurred. For light and scanning electron microscopy, uredinia were detached from leaf lesions using a razor blade and then mounted in water without staining. Leaves with lesions were prepared by gold sputtering and then observed by SEM (Hitachi S-2500C microscope, Japan). We observed the development of uredinial colonies with abundant sporulation. The echinulate urediniospores, which were 16.3 to 19.8 × 17.5 to 25.3 μm, were yellowish or occasionally pale brown, with a globose or subglobose shape (2). Telia were a floccose and pale yellowish-buff or almost white. Teliospores were four- to seven-celled. Cells were trapezoid-cylindric, 15 to 40 × 14 to 24 μm, with hyaline walls. Cell wall surface was smooth but often bearing coronate projections or bumps at the top (in apical cells) or upper rim (in intercalary cells). Cell wall thickness was about 0.5 μm at the sides and 2 to 4 μm at the apex; apical pores occurred on short cell-wall projections. Teliospore pedicels were short (0.17 to 1.34 × 0.78 to 1.45 μm), hyaline, and fragile (3). The pathogen was identified as Kuehneola uredinis L. on the basis of morphology (3), and this identification was confirmed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) analysis. ITS rDNA of the fungus was amplified using the ITS1 and ITS4 primer set (ITS1: 5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′, ITS4: 5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′). BLAST analysis of the PCR product showed that the sequence shared 99% identity with the published nucleotide sequences for K. uredinis (Accession No. EU14069). The D1/D2 domain of 28S rDNA was amplified by PCR using the primer pair 5′-ACCCGCTGAAYTTAAGCATAT-3′ and 5′-CTTCCTTGGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG-3′ (1). Phylogenetic analysis using 28S rDNA sequences identified the causal fungus as K. uredinis. The identity of the fungus was confirmed as K. uredinis by DNA sequencing; the sequence was 99% similar to that of other K. uredinis (AF426218, AY745696, DQ354551, and GU058013). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak of cane and leaf rust on Rubus fruticosus Linné caused by K. uredinis in Korea. References: (1) V. der Auwera et al. FEBS Microbiol. Lett. 338:133, 1994. (2) D. E. Gardner. Plant Dis. 67:963, 1983. (3) G. F. Laundon and A. F. Rainbow. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria 202:1, 1969.

The citrus flatid planthopper, Metcalfa pruinosa Say (Hemiptera: Flatidae), is a very polyphagous native insect in North America and currently a serious pest in Europe and South Korea. To understand the feeding behaviour of M. pruinosa, stylet penetration behaviour of M. pruinosa was investigated with an electrical penetration graph (EPG) system. This study reports seven EPG waveforms related to M. pruinosa feeding behaviour: np (no stylet penetration), Mp1 (initiation of stylet penetration), Mp2 (stylet movement and salivation), Mp4 (phloem feeding), Mp4-H (honeydew excretion), Mp5 (xylem feeding) and Mp6 (unknown). To determine respective feeding behaviour related to the Mp4 and Mp5 waveforms, stylets were cut with a laser beam, and the location of the stylet tip within plant tissue was examined. We found plant sap was exuded from the severed stylets only when the Mp4 waveform was observed, suggesting phloem sap ingestion. The stylet tip was located in the xylem region, indicating xylem-feeding activity, when the Mp5 waveform was observed. The analysis of 24 different EPG parameters suggests that M. pruinosa stylets reached the vascular bundle of a plant within ca. 5 min and spend ca. 70% of the time feeding on xylem and phloem feeding. This is the first study that reports seven distinctive EPG waveforms with respect to the feeding behaviour of M. pruinosa which could help determine host specificity and host plant susceptibility.

In this work, we demonstrate a High-k Metal Gate (HKMG) Implant Free Quantum Well (IFQW) SiGe-pFET device used as a DRAM periphery device. Using a c:Si 0.55 Ge 0.45 channel and embedded e:Si 0.75 Ge 0.25 source/drain (S/D), a very significant source current of 625 μA/μm @ I OFF =100 pA/μm (at supply voltage V DD =−1 V) is demonstrated. The current improvement compared to DRAM compatible unstrained Silicon baseline technology (featuring HKMG) is large, and IFQW transistors are also competitive with regards to Strained Si devices. In particular, IFQW have a specific potential for Sense Amplifiers, with a demonstrated very good drive current/transconductance boost in the range of targeted gate lengths and excellent matching properties.

Background:An experience of particular treatment is one of the characteristics impacting on patients’ decisions to continue, discontinue, or alter their medical treatments.1Reports on patients’ treatment satisfaction would be weighty when selecting an optimal treatment reflecting the patient’s perspective.Objectives:We aimed to evaluate the treatment satisfaction of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNF-Is) and identify the factors associated with satisfaction in Korea.Methods:The study was conducted from July to November in 2018 at 4 hospitals representative in treating AS in Korea. Patients aged≥19, diagnosed as AS based on ‘Modified New York criteria 1984’, and treated with current TNF-Is and same type of device for≥3 months were included. We used ‘Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire For Medication (TSQM)’ which is consisted of 4 domains; effectiveness, side effects, convenience, and global satisfaction. Scores (0 ~ 100) of satisfaction indicate the higher the better. Multivariable linear regressions with 95% of statistical significance level was performed to identify related factors.Results:Enrolled 497 patients (85.3% male, 40.3 years old) were prevalent with AS for mean 10 years and indicated average 3.1 in Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Adalimumab (39.6%) was the most commonly used, followed by etanercept (23.5%), infliximab (21.9%) and golimumab (14.9%). TNF-Is were prescribed at low, regular, and high dose for 24.9%, 70.5% and 4.7% of patients and as subcutaneous with pen type, syringe type, and intravenous injection for 50.9%, 26.8% and 22.3% of patients, respectively. Conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs(cDMARDs) and steroids were concomitantly used for 5.4% and 8.3% of patients, respectively.Average score of TSQM was the lowest in convenience amongst 4 domains; 72.2 in effectiveness, 96.9 in side effects, 67.6 in convenience, and 71.4 in global satisfaction. Negative associations were shown between BASDAI and all domains of TSQM. Patients who prescribed TNF-Is at high dose were more satisfied to effectiveness while they were less satisfied to side-effect, as against patients prescribed it at low dose. TNF-Is, use of cDMARDs and steroids were not significantly associated with treatment satisfaction (Fig. 1).Conclusion:AS patients treated with TNF-Is in Korea were quite satisfied with their treatments. Since the worst satisfaction in the convenience domain was presented amongst 4 domains, more convenient treatment options may be required to enhance the entire satisfaction of patients. With the result of a negative association between disease activity and satisfaction, this study strengthened the previous studies reporting the positive relationship between health improvement and satisfaction.2References:[1]Feighner JP: Impact of anxiety therapy on patients’ quality of life. AJM 1987, 82: 14–19.[2]E. Batbaatar et al. Determinants of patient satisfaction, Perspectives in Public Health (2017) 137(2): 89-101Acknowledgments:Tae-Hwan Kim is the corresponding author.Disclosure of Interests:Sang-Hoon Lee Grant/research support from: This study was sponsored by Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Limited., Seung Geun Lee Grant/research support from: This study was sponsored by Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Limited., Yong-Gil Kim Grant/research support from: This study was sponsored by Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Limited., Soo-Hyun Lee Employee of: I’m an employee of Pfizer pharmaceuticals Korea, Young-Joo Kim Employee of: I’m an employee of Pfizer pharmaceuticals Korea., Ja-Young Jeon Employee of: I’m an employee of Pfizer pharmaceuticals Korea., Hyung-Jeong Yoo Employee of: I’m an employee of Pfizer pharmaceuticals Korea, Juneyoung Lee Grant/research support from: This study was sponsored by Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Limited., Tae-Hwan Kim: None declared