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Doubled haploid plants are very important for the development of complete homozygous plants from heterozygous parents in one generation as they possess duplicate copy of haploid chromosome. Haploid production is easily obtained from in vitro anther culture. The present study was undertaken with the objective to develop doubled haploids using anthers for in vitro induction of callus on N6 medium supplemented with various combinations and concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) (0.5-2.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5-1.0 mg/L) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (2.0 mg/L) as callus induction medium (CIM). The highest callus induction frequency was obtained when N6 medium fortified with 2,4-D (2.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and NAA (2 mg/L) of 10.07 per cent. The induced callus was sub cultured for shoot regeneration on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with growth regulators: Kinetin and NAA (0.5 mg/L each) in combination with BAP (0.0 - 2.5 mg/L). MS medium supplemented with NAA (0.5 mg/L), Kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1.5 mg/L) was most responsive exhibiting regeneration frequency of 28.1 per cent which resulted in maximum regeneration of green plantlets and only 5.21 per cent of albinos. Individual plantlets were separated and immersed in liquid MS medium augmented with NAA (0.5-1.0 mg/L) and BAP (0.5-1.0 mg/L). Maximum rooting was observed in MS medium with NAA (0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1.0 mg/L). The survival rate of in-vitro raised plants was 51.51 per cent. Of these surviving plants, 21 plants were observed to have the sterility percentage above 50 percent and hence can be considered as the doubled haploid plants. Plant DH8 is susceptible and DH20 is heterozygous for gene Xa21. Two plants are susceptible for gene xa13

Fistula in ano is mostnotorious disease among all the ano-rectal disorders since antiquity. Over the past few decades, various techniques are being evaluated in terms to prevent its recurrence and complications, but despite more than two millennia of efforts, fistula in ano still remains a perplexing surgical disease. The sign and symptoms of fistula in ano resembles with Bhagandara described in Ayurveda classics. For the management of this painful disease many treatment modalities are enumerated in Ayurveda classics and Ksharsutra therapy is one among them which is proved to be gold standard. Though Ksharsutra therapy is big revolution in the field of fistula in ano, but it has some disadvantages like it is time consuming process, severe post-procedural pain, big scar mark. So, in present era IFTAK is emerging as an advanced innovative technique for the management of fistula in ano along with betterment in the consequences of conventional method of Ksharsutra therapy. In the present case report, IFTAK (Interception of Fistulous tract and application of Ksharsutra) technique is used in trans sphincteric fistula in ano which showed a great potential in management by minimizing the duration of treatment, mild post procedural pain and minimum scar mark.

Thermoelectric power generators (TEGs) based on Seebeck effect convert waste heat into electricity. However, the practical applications of such TEGs are limited by their low output DC voltage (10–300 mV). Therefore, a self powered DC-DC voltage booster circuit is highly essential to integrate with TEGs for commercial use. In this work, we demonstrate a DC-DC voltage booster circuit to amplify the output voltage delivered by a PbTe/TAGS-85 based TEG which consists of 4 p-n couples alternately connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel. Design of the DC to DC booster circuit includes an oscillator and amplifier. Open circuit voltage of ∼325 mV generated by the TEG for a hot side temperature (Th) of 500 °C and a temperature difference (ΔT) of 410 °C was amplified by the booster circuit to 10 V. The designed DC-DC booster circuit exhibit the boosting efficiency of ∼50%.

IR (Induced resistance) is a security arrangement in the interior part of the plants to counterattack fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens or any pests. The apprehension has been appeared, and the system intensifies a resistance to the attack. In this research, efficacy of eight IR chemicals along with standard fungicide hexaconazole was evaluated against French bean rust with reference to alteration in biochemical constituents present in the plant under pot conditions. Minimum disease severity was recorded when plants were challenge inoculated after 20 days of treatment of IR chemicals. Minimum disease severity (8.50 %) was recorded in plants sprayed with KH2PO4 as compared to control. The application of IR chemicals triggered the activity of defence related enzymes (phenol, PO, PPO and PAL) in bean plants upon challenge inoculation with Uromyces appendiculatus. Under field conditions potassium dihydrogen phosphate sprays were found most effective in reducing the disease severity to 30.71 % followed by benzothiadiazole with 41.23 % disease severity though they were slightly less effective to standard fungicide hexaconazole.

Introduction: Dual antiplatelet treatment is recommended by current clinical practice guidelines for patients undergoing PCI. The PLATO trial showed superiority of ticagrelor to clopidogrel in reducing the rate of death from vascular causes, myocardial infarction and stroke without increase in the rate of overall major bleeding in ACS patients. However, real world evidence in Indian patients is limited. The objective of this study is to compare safety profile of ticagrelor with clopidogrel in real world settings. Methodology: In this single centered retrospective observational study, a total of 1208 serial patient records undergoing PCI (ACS and stable angina patients as well) treated with Ticagrelor or Clopidogrel were collected and analyzed to look into in hospital outcomes. We excluded the patient’s data that were incomplete. Results: In total of 1208 patients, 604 patients received ticagrelor and similarly 604 patient received clopidogrel. No significant differences in the rates of major life threatening bleeding and any major bleeding were observed between ticagrelor and clopidogrel group (0.2% (n = 1) vs. 0.7% (n = 4), p = 0.18 and 2.8% (n = 17) vs. 3% (n = 18), p = 0.86 respectively). There was increase in minor bleeding rate with ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel (21.4% & 13.6%, p = 0.00). Conclusion: In the real world settings, patients undergoing PCI treated with ticagrelor showed similar safety profile compared to clopidogrel but with increase in minor bleeding rate. The observed results were in alignment with PLATO clinical trial. Keywords: Antiplatelet, P2Y12 inhibitors, Percutaneous coronary intervention

This paper described with the harmonics detection and compensation in power system. The two accepted and impressive methods in noise and harmonic detection field are implemented in this present work. These methods are based on windowing and wavelet transforms technique. These techniques are used in the proposed method namely synchronous reference-frame algorithm. A windowing-wavelet based technique is used like a low pass filter. Now expressions of their enactment on transient response truncated overshot and fluctuation at frequency domain, the db-3 wavelet is selected for this purpose. In harmonic detection process, the identified harmonic is inserted with the help of shunt active filter based on predictive current control technique. Due to the fast transient response, this method is acceptable over the traditional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) based filter. The accessible approach has been substantiated with MATLAB/Simulink environment. Keywords: Shunt active filter, Wavelet transform, FFT, Harmonic detection

Here we describe data of a comprehensive phosphoproteomic evaluation of 20 non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). Peptides from 20 tumor samples were enriched with TiO2 beads and fractioned using bRPLC and subjected to high throughput LC-MS/MS-Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid™ Mass Spectrometer for analysis. Upto 5 precursor ions were selected for MS/MS analysis. Data was analyzed using MASCOT and SEQUEST. Bioinformatics tools Phosphosite Plus, Gene Ontology, DAVID, and KEGG were used to determine the biological significance of identified phosphoproteins.In this study, 2508 phosphopeptides corresponding to 1345 phosphoprotein were identified. The phospho EGFR, MEK, and STAT1/3, β-Catenin, BRAF, and HSPB1 were significantly hyperphosphorylated in the recurrent group as compared to the non-recurrent NFPA.Identification of these phosphoproteins provides a roadmap for patient stratification, prognostication for recurrence and trials for targeted therapy.

One hundred and sixteen forage-type hybrid parents of pearl millet were investigated in summer season for two years, the results revealed that the traits like number of tillers and leaf to stem ratio (L/S) at first cut (50 days after planting); and dry forage yield (DFY) at second cut (30 days after first cut) had high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), hence selection will not be effective for these traits. Many of the desirable and undesirable forage quantity and quality linked traits under investigation had GCV almost equivalent to PCV, thus selection to improve those traits might be effective. High to moderate heritability coupled with high genetic advance per cent of mean (GA) was observed for plant height in both the cuts, indicating, this trait to be controlled by additive gene action and thus can be improved through selection, while, moderate heritability and high GA was observed for DFY at first cut; for green forage yield (GFY) at second cut and for total green forage yield (TGFY) from both the cuts, hence improvement in these traits will be possible through selection at later generations.

Genetic diversity in the breeding materials is an essential component to improve the efficiency of any crop improvement programme. In present study, 150 seed and restorer parents were evaluated for grain yield and its component traits at two diverse agro-ecologies CCSHAU-Hisar and ICRISAT-Patancheru. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among hybrid parents for all traits. Clustering of hybrid parents clearly partitioned almost all the B- and R-lines into separate groups indicating B- and R-lines to be genetically distant from each other. Further, seed (B-lines) and restorer (R-lines) parents were found distributed in four clusters each, and hybrid parents having same plant type (having similar set of specific traits) were found in same cluster. Significant numbers of hybrid parents having common parent in their pedigrees were found in same cluster. Cluster B-IV of B-lines and cluster R-III of R-lines had higher grain yield and above average performance for other grain linked traits. Grain yield was found to have highly positive significant correlation with all the traits under study for both B- and R-lines, except for effective tillers plant-1. Stover yield followed by panicle girth and panicle length had highest positive direct effect on grain yield.

In a low voltage distribution system with integrated wind plant, voltage stability is impacted by the large variation of load and wind penetration. The compensators like SVC and DSTATCOM are currently being used to address such issue of voltage instability. This paper analyses the impact of wind penetration and variation of active and reactive power of the load on voltage profile of a wind generation system with and without DSTATCOM. It also analyses the performance of the system during fault by calculating various parameters of the system. It has been demonstrated that voltage stability margin increases using DSTATCOM at different wind penetration levels. This system has been simulated and analysed in MATLAB 2011b using a power system toolbox under steady state and transient conditions.

In this paper we present a comparative critical study of visual and non-visual sensors used in crowd behavior analysis. The understanding of crowd has main impact of the analysis how much they support the system is the key factor of the analysis. The surveillance and security prospects are the main feature for crowd that can make system easy and gives better result. The visual sensors that have been widely used are wireless sensor network, computer vision, smart camera, sensor fusion and few more; and the non-visual sensors are regarding the call, IEEE 802, 11 signals measurement, Smart Evactrack, Social Network and Bluetooth etc. This comparative study identified the different analysis of crowd behavior and after analysis we show which technique is better to another one. The smart devices are used now days for surveillance and gives better result in crowd behavior analysis.

In this paper, we investigate Nash equilibrium strategy of two-person zero-sum games with fuzzy payoffs. Based on fuzzy max order, Maeda and Cunlin constructed several models in symmetric triangular and asymmetric triangular fuzzy environment, respectively. We extended their models in trapezoidal fuzzy environment and proposed the existence of equilibrium strategies for these models. We also established the relation between Pareto Nash equilibrium strategy and parametric bi-matrix game. In addition, numerical examples are presented to find Pareto Nash equilibrium strategy and weak Pareto Nash equilibrium strategy from bi-matrix game.

Background. Dawkinsia tambraparniei (Silas, 1954) is confined to an area not exceeding 100 km2 within a single watershed—the Tamiraparani River, southern Western Ghats, India. Its populations have recently declined, earning the fish the endangered status. For effective conservation efforts it is important to determine the levels of genetic variation between different populations. Therefore we attempted to quantify the cytochrome b (Cyt b) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence similarity between different populations of D. tambraparniei, as well as to study the phylogenetic relation with the closely related species D. arulius and D. filamentosa. Materials and methods. Samples were collected from 9 locations and 10 individuals from each were preserved for DNA analysis. The partial sequence of Cyt b and COI genes were amplified and sequenced. The sequences were aligned by the visual method using BioEdit version 7.1.3.0 and edited using Sequencer 4.7. The Bayesian consensus tree was constructed using the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) method by BEAST v1.7.5. Results. The partial sequences of Cyt b and COI from 90 specimens of Dawkinsia tambraparniei representing nine populations were examined. The Cyt b gene sequences showed that all populations belong to a single haplotype and no nucleotide variation was observed between populations. In the case of COI gene sequences, two haplotypes were revealed: an additional haplotype with a clear transition of C to T at the nucleotide 58 position was detected within the Thalayanai Stream population. The phylogenetic analysis of COI gene demonstrated that the pair wise genetic distance between D. tambraparniei and D. arulius was low (0.004 ± SE 0.003) when compared with the distance between D. tambraparniei and D. filamentosa (0.061 ± SE 0.012). Conclusion. The mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed very low diversity among investigated populations of D. tambraparniei for studied genes, with the only local population from the Thalayanai Stream demonstrating certain divergence. The phylogenetic analysis confirms the concept on the validity of D. tambraparniei as a separate species. This phylogenetic study also demonstrated that D. tambraparniei is closer to D. arulius, followed by D. filamentosa.

Background Majority of the stable patients after neurosurgery requiring long-term care are discharged with tracheostomy tube (TT) in situ. The caregivers need to learn the technique of change of TT at home. Aims The current study talks about the effect of an intervention on the performance regarding change of TT among the caregivers of the patients who are going to be discharged with a TT in situ. Materials and Methods The study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery of a tertiary care hospital. Sixty-four subjects were purposely selected. The tools used were identification data sheet and an observation checklist on the change of TT. First, the caregivers were observed during change of TT. Then, each subject was demonstrated the right technique of change of tube. Statistical Analysis and Results Majority of the subjects (89.1%) were male 70.3% were married. Age of the subject was in the range of 18-60 years, with a mean age of 30.7 ± 8.9 years. The maximum attainable performance score of the change of TT was 16. Before demonstration, only one subject had some knowledge about the change of TT. After 72 h of demonstration, the score was 12.34 ± 1.6 (77.2%). Conclusion It is recommended that the caregivers should be properly trained regarding changing the TT in order to prevent any complication while performing the procedure. The results of this study provide further strategies for other caregiver guidance programmes.

The Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary (76036-76046 E and 29052-30000 N), situated in Kurukshetra District of Haryana provides an important wintering ground for a diverse range of wetland birds. This study was carried out from April 2009 to March 2012 to document the diversity of wetland birds. Altogether 57 species of wetland birds belonging to 37 genera and 16 families were recorded from the study area. Family Anatidae dominated the wetland bird community with 13 species. Among recorded species, 33 were winter migrants, two summer migrants and 22 were resident species. The winter migratory birds did not arrive at this wetland in one lot and at one time. Instead, they displayed a definite pattern specific to species for arrival and departure. They appeared at the wetland during mid-October and stayed up to early April. The composition of birds in major feeding guilds in the study area showed that the insectivore guild was the most common with 35.09% species, followed by carnivore (29.82%), omnivore (19.30%), herbivore (10.53%) and piscivore (5.26%). Among the birds recorded in this study area, Darter (Anhinga melanogaster) and Painted Stork (Mycterialeucocephala) were Near Threatened species. Comb Duck (Sarkidiornismelanotos), listed in Appendix II of CITES, was also spotted in the sanctuary. The spotting of these threatened bird species highlights the importance of Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary as a significant wetland bird habitat in Haryana. However, anthropogenic activities like fire wood collection, livestock grazing, cutting of emergent and fringe vegetation and improper management of the wetland are major threats to the ecology of this landscape.

Milk is a source of bioactive molecules with wide-ranging functions. Among these, the immune properties have been the best characterised. In recent years, it has become apparent that besides the immunoglobulins, milk also contains a range of minor immune-related proteins that collectively form a significant first line of defence against pathogens, acting both within the mammary gland itself as well as in the digestive tract of the suckling neonate. We have used proteomics technologies to characterise the repertoire of host-defence-related milk proteins in detail, revealing more than 100 distinct gene products in milk, of which at least 15 are known host-defence-related proteins. Those having intrinsic antimicrobial activity likely function as effector proteins of the local mucosal immune defence (e.g. defensins, cathelicidins and the calgranulins). Here, we focus on the activities and biological roles of the cathelicidins and mammary serum amyloid A. The function of the immune-related milk proteins that do not have intrinsic antimicrobial activity is also discussed, notably lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, RNase4, RNase5/angiogenin and cartilage-glycoprotein 39 kDa. Evidence is shown that at least some of these facilitate recognition of microbes, resulting in the activation of innate immune signalling pathways in cells associated with the mammary and/or gut mucosal surface. Finally, the contribution of the bacteria in milk to its functionality is discussed. These investigations are elucidating how an effective first line of defence is achieved in the bovine mammary gland and how milk contributes to optimal digestive function in the suckling calf. This study will contribute to a better understanding of the health benefits of milk, as well as to the development of high-value ingredients from milk.

Global warming is likely to impact productivity of buffaloes due to their sensitivity to temperature changes. Air temperature, humidity, wind velocity and solar radiation are the main climate variables that affect buffalo production in tropical climate. In the present study sensitivity of lactating Murrah buffaloes to sudden temperature (Tmax, Tmin) change and THI have been analyzed from milk production and climatic records (1994-2004) of Karnal. Algorithms were developed and validated on lactating buffaloes during 2005-2006 at the Institute. A sudden change (rise or fall) in Maximum/Minimum temperature during summer and winter was observed to affect milk production. The decline in minimum temperature (>3°C) during winter and increase (>4°C) during summer than normal were observed to negatively impact milk production upto 30% on the next or subsequent days after extreme event. The return to normal milk production depended on severity and time period of thermal stress/ event occurrence. The R² was very low for cool period observed during Feb- April/Sept-Nov and actual effect on milk production was minimum. This indicated that low THI had a relatively small effect on milk production performance. The lactation period of animals are shortened during extreme summer when THI were more than 80 and reproductive functions were also adversely affected. Thermal stressed buffaloes did not exhibit estrus or exhibited estrus for short period. The potential direct effects of possible climate change and global warming on summer season milk production of Murrah buffaloes were evaluated using widely known global circulation model UKMO to represent possible scenarios of future climate. Both milk production and reproductive functions of Murrah buffaloes are likely to be affected due to warming effects.

A survey of avian fauna of Kurukshetra university campus was carried out by direct observation from January, 2005 to December, 2008. Occurrence of 92 bird species belonging to 67 genera and 37 families with their status, abundance and feeding habit of was recorded.

Temporal variations in the assemblage were studied in the active period of dung beetles in Kurukshetra, Haryana. The beetles were collected by fixing five pitfall bait traps at weekly interval for 24 hrs. Then the collected specimens were identified to species level and counted. A total of 7668 individuals of 23 species belonging to 3 subfamilies (Hybosorinae, Aphodiinae and Scarabaeinae) were collected from the study area. Of the beetles collected, A.campestris was the most abundant. Maximum species (95.65%) and individuals (52.58%) were found during June and minimum species (43.48%) and individuals (0.57%) in April. species richness and abundance was found to increase over the months till June. Then there was some irregularity in their pattern. There were only 6 species found throughout the year and only 3 species found only once during whole the study period. Out of 23 species 43.48% species showed their peak abundance in the month of June. Monthly á-diversity was calculated and found to be maximum in August (2.55). Assemblage size depended on the species richness and individual population, which affected the mean abundance of that particular assemblage.

Efficacy of oral administration of fenbendazole was studied against gastrointestinal helminthes in captive Cheetal (Axis axis) at Hisar Deer Park from November 2006- January 2007. A novel method of administration of oral medication that included acclimatizing cheetal to feed individually from specific containers and providing drugs in feed after habituation was developed. Efficacy of fenbendazole was assessed by egg per gram EPG count of faecal sample on day 11 and 19 post 1st treatment and 4 days after 2nd treatment i.e. on 22nd day and compared with pre-treatment counts. Fenbendazole was efficacious against Strongyles sp., Strongyloides sp., Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp. and Moniezia sp. and significantly reduced the mean EPG of faeces, decreasing p< 0.01 after provision of drug at doses of 7.5 mg/kg body weight. The method was efficacious and provided adequate dosage to individual animals irrespective of their social hierarchy.