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S.V. Maltsev Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation An approach to problem solving in public health has revived interest to the prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency, its role in the pathogenesis of various disease, and strategies for treating vitamin D deficiency. The article presents updates on vitamin D metabolism — its classical and non-calcemic actions. The emphasis is made on the effects of its individual metabolites and other components of the vitamin D endocrine system, such as hydrolase, vitamin-D receptors, and vitamin-D-binding protein (VDBP). The functions of vitamin D are characterized as genomic and non-genomic, including immunomodulatory effect. In particular, the role of vitamin D in patients with COVID-19 is elucidated. The vitamin-D endocrine system plays a special role during pregnancy and in children of all age groups. The article highlights the latest data on vitamin D provision, individual variability in the responses to the same vitamin D dose, as well as the findings of a new research area relating to the content of vitamin D metabolites in food of animal origin. Also, it describes vitamin D intoxication which is usually linked to the impaired regulation of vitamin D metabolism. The clinical efficacy of cholecalciferol agents is demonstrated. Keywords: cholecalciferol, vitamin D metabolism, vitamin D-endocrine system, pregnant women, children, adolescents, vitamin D provision, individual response to vitamin D, food of animal origin, vitamin D intoxication, hypervitaminosis D. For citation: Maltsev S.V. Current perspectives of using vitamin D in clinical practice. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(3):244–252 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-3-244-252.

I.N. Zakharova1, S.V. Mal’tsev1, V.V. Zubkov2, V.A. Kur’yaninova3, A.V. Dmitriev4, L.I. Mal’tseva5, N.E. Verisokina3, L.Ya. Klimov3, E.N. Vasil’eva6, S.I. Malyavskaya7, A.L. Zaplatnikov1 1Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation 2V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russian Federation 3Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, Russian Federation 4Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russian Federation 5Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russian Federation 6I.N. Ul’yanov Cheboksary State University, Cheboksary, Russian Federation 7North State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation This paper reviews the effects of vitamin D deficiency on pregnant women and newborns. It was demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women is associated with higher risks of threatened preterm labor, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis, and impaired uterine contractility as well as higher rate of C-sections. Vitamin D insufficiency in newborns is associated with inadequate bone mineralization and also results in metabolic disorders, hypocalcemic seizures, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotic enterocolitis, sepsis, mental and developmental disorders, and higher risks of various (infectious, allergic etc.) disorders. Optimal vitamin D dosing regimen in pregnant women and newborns is discussed. Keywords: pregnancy, vitamin D, vitamin D insufficiency, newborn, complications of pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes. For citation: Zakharova I.N., Mal’tsev S.V., Zubkov V.V. et al. Effect of vitamin D on the pregnancy and the health of newborns and infants: state-of-the-art. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(3):174–181. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-3-174-181.

I.N. Zakharova1, S.V. Mal’tsev1, V.V. Zubkov2, V.A. Kur’yaninova3, A.V. Dmitriev1,4, S.I. Malyavskaya5, L.I. Mal’tseva6, N.E. Verisokina3, L.Ya. Klimov3, E.N. Vasil’eva7, A.A. Krushel’nitskiy1, A.V. Makhaeva1, E.D. Zhdakaeva1, A.L. Zaplatnikov1 1Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation 2V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow, Russian Federation 3Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, Russian Federation 4Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russian Federation 5North State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation 6Kazan State Medical Academy — branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Kazan, Russian Federation 7I.N. Ul’yanov Cheboksary State University, Cheboksary, Russian Federation This article discusses negative effects of vitamin D deficiency on low birthweight preterm and full-term newborns. Results of the studies on vitamin D provision to pregnant women and their newborn children are addressed. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in pregnant women and newborns. It was demonstrated that inadequate antenatal provision of a fetus with vitamin D may result in congenital rickets and neonatal seizures due to hypocalcemia in newborns and also accounts for increased rates of necrotic enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and impaired growth and development as well as higher risk of lower respiratory tract infections (i.e., bronchiolitis, pneumonia) during the first year of a child’s life. In addition, it was shown that persistent vitamin D deficiency in future years may be associated with recurrent respiratory infections, allergic (e.g., atopic dermatitis, asthma, etc.), autoimmune, endocrine, and psycho-neurological disorders. Prev entive and therapeutic strategies for vitamin D deficiency in low birthweight preterm and full-term newborns since neonatal period are discussed. Keywords: vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, calcidiol, low birthweight newborn, preterm newborn, full-term newborn. For citation: Zakharova I.N., Mal’tsev S.V., Zubkov V.V. et al. Vitamin D, low birthweight preterm and full-term newborns: time for a paradigm shift. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(2):142–148. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-2-142-148.