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We have constructed a new laser-Compton-scattering facility, called the LEPS2 beamline, at the 8-GeV electron storage ring, SPring-8. This facility provides a linearly polarized photon beam in a tagged energy range of 1.3--2.4 GeV. Thanks to a small divergence of the low-emittance storage-ring electrons, the tagged photon beam has a size (sigma) suppressed to about 4 mm even after it travels about 130 m to the experimental building that is independent of the storage ring building and contains large detector systems. This beamline is designed to achieve a photon beam intensity higher than that of the first laser-Compton-scattering beamline at SPring-8 by adopting the simultaneous injection of up to four high-power laser beams and increasing a transmittance for the long photon-beam path up to about 77%. The new beamline is under operation for hadron photoproduction experiments.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Thromboembolic events related to CAS continue to be the main limitation to the widespread use of this technique as a first-line treatment for carotid occlusive disease. Our aim was to evaluate thromboembolism during CAS using DWI for catheterization techniques of the carotid artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis underwent CAS involving 1 of 2 carotid artery catheterization techniques: One used a 7F or 8F catheter (group 1, n = 16) and the other used a coaxial system in which a 7F or 8F catheter was used in conjunction with a 4F or 5F catheter (group 2, n = 16). DWI was performed before and after CAS. Clinical variables, the number and location of NES on DWI after CAS, were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: NES on DWI occurred in 53% of all patients. The incidence of NES was significantly higher in patients 65 years of age and older versus those younger than 65 years of age ( P = .013). All NESs were asymptomatic, and their rate of occurrence did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 2. The incidence of NES in the other territories that were outside that of the treated carotid artery ( P = .004) and the incidence of multiple NESs ( P = .04) were significantly higher in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: NES in the other territories mainly arises from the atherosclerotic aortic arch and arch vessels during the manipulation of endoluminal devices. The carotid artery catheterization technique using the coaxial system with a 7F or 8F catheter in conjunction with a 4F or 5F catheter reduced the incidence of NES in the other territories.

An X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) showed that GaN nanorods grown on Si(111) substrates were preferentially oriented along the [0001] direction. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the side facet planes of the tip region for the GaN nanorods consisted of {1100} and {1102} planes. The disordered nuclei of the GaN nanorods produced a two-dimensional thin-film layer near the GaN/Si(111) interfacial region. The relation between the microstructural properties and the geometry factors of the tip region for GaN nanorods formed on Si(111) substrates is described on the basis of the XRD and TEM results.

X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy images, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that one-dimensional GaN nanorods grown on Si (1 1 1) substarates by using hydride vapor phase epitaxy had crystalline wurzite structures and were preferentially oriented along the [0 0 0 1] direction. The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images showed that the side facet planes of the tip region for the GaN nanorods consisted of {1¯ 1 0 0}, {1¯ 1 0 2}, and {1¯ 1 0 3} planes. The structural properties of the GaN nanorods were significantly affected by the gas-mixing and the substrate temperatures in the final growth zone.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns showed that vertically well aligned GaN nanorods with c-axis-oriented crystalline wurzite structures were grown on Si(1 1 1) substrates by using hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images showed that the crystallized GaN nanorods contained very few defects and that they were consisted of { 1 ¯ 1 0 0 } , {0 0 0 1}, and { { 1 ¯ 1 0 N } } facets. The formation mechanisms for the GaN nanorods grown on Si(1 1 1) substrates are described on the basis of the SEM, TEM, SAED pattern, and HRTEM results.

X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and selected area electron diffraction pattern (SADP) images showed that one-dimensional GaN nanorods with c -axis-oriented single-crystalline wurzite structures were grown on Si (1 1 1) substrates by using improved hydride vapor phase epitaxy. The high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images showed that the crystallized GaN nanorods contained very few defects. The atomic arrangements for the GaN nanorods grown on the Si (1 1 1) substrates are described on the basis of the XRD, the TEM, the SADP, and the HRTEM results.

Continuous measurements of trace elements in size-segregated aerosols were performed by X-ray fluorescence analysis in order to assess the transport of natural and anthropogenic aerosol sources to Gosan site in springtime 2002. Various aerosol elemental components (such as Al, Ca, Si, K, Ti, and Mn) had low enrichment factors close to one and exhibited a similar temporal variation in coarse particle range (2.5–12 μm) indicating the dominant influence of soil dust. On the other hand, in the fine particle size range (0.09–2.5 μm), several anthropogenic elements in ambient particles (such as As, Se, Zn, Pb, and Cu) revealed high enrichment (100 Factor analysis was conducted with the size- and time-resolved aerosol composition data in order to identify anthropogenic sources of aerosols during non-Asian dust (NAD) period. As a result, it was found that the coarse particles were mainly influenced by soil, seasalt, coal combustion, and metallurgical emission and fine particles were significantly attributed to several anthropogenic sources, such as oil combustion, nonferrous metal source, and municipal incineration. Especially, submicron particles (0.09–0.56 μm) were further impacted by motor vehicles and field burning emissions in addition to those sources.

PM2.5 fine particles were collected at four sites in Northeast Asia, Beijing, Gwangju, Kyoto, and Ulaan-Battor, during an intensive sampling period of 23 July–2 August 2002, within the framework of the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN) project. The carbonaceous species, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), in the PM2.5 samples were analyzed by the selective thermal manganese dioxide oxidation method. The average PM2.5 mass concentrations were measured to be 144.9, 17.1, 37.9 and 17.4 μgm−3 at Beijing, Gwangju, Kyoto and Ulaan-Battor, respectively. The average OC and EC concentrations were 12.4 and 5.4 μgm−3 for Beijing, 1.4 and 0.3 μgm−3 for Gwangju, 5.0 and 1.3 μgm−3 for Kyoto and 2.3 and 0.4 μgm−3 for Ulaan-Battor. Average OC/EC ratio was computed to be 2.4, 4.2, 5.0 and 6.6 for Beijing, Gwangju, Kyoto and Ulaan-Battor, respectively. Source–receptor relationships of fine carbonaceous particles were investigated by air mass back-trajectories. The results indicated that organic carbons at Beijing are mainly from primary organic local sources.

The objective of this study was to prepare the edible composite films using high-amylose corn starch (HACS) and corn zein and to determine their physical properties. HACS was gelatinized using the specially designed high-pressure container. HACS film containing 20 g sorbitol/100 g as a plasticizer had suitable physical properties. The HACS film coated with corn zein containing 20 g oleic acid/100 g had moderate physical properties and barrier properties.

Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) films have been grown on silicon substrates by several techniques: neutral-cluster-beam deposition; thermal evaporation; and ionized-cluster-beam deposition technique. The films were characterized by low angle X-ray reflectivity, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and photoluminescence. According to the FTIR spectroscopy measurement, the spectra of all the Alq3 samples show almost the same signals of atomic binding regardless of the process conditions. However, the photoluminescence intensities of the films are different. When all the films are adjusted to the same thickness, neutral-cluster-beam deposition films show more intense photoluminescence than the thermal-evaporated ones, while ionized-cluster-beam deposition samples are found to be inferior in intensity. Since the photoluminescence intensity of the 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum layers is one of the important factors for the performance of organic light emitting devices, the neutral-cluster-beam deposition seems to be a promising method for the film deposition of organic electroluminescence materials.

Activity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Vitis vinifera bark led to the isolation of epsilon-viniferin, ampelopcin A, vitisin A and vitisin B. Vitisin A and vitisin B showed a remarkable inhibitory activity against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase with IC50 value of 42.1 microM and 23.9 microM, respectively.

Magnetotransport and magneto-optical measurements on InxGa1−xAs/InyAl1−yAs modulation-doped strained double quantum wells with a 100 A In0.8Ga0.2As well and a 100 A In0.53Ga0.47As quantum wells separated by a 35 A In0.25Ga0.75As potential barrier were carried out to investigate the electrical and the optical properties of the electron gas in the quantum wells. The Shubnikov-de Haas measurements at 1.5 K demonstrated clearly the occupation of three subbands in the quantum wells by a two-dimensional electron gas. The electron effective masses determined from the slopes of the cyclotron resonance peak energies as a function of the magnetic field were 0.06171 and 0.05228me. The electronic subband energies, the subband energy wavefunctions, and the Fermi energy in the quantum wells were self-consistently calculated a transfer matrix method taking into account the exchange-correlation effect, the strain effect, and the nonparabolicity effect, and the results of the cyclotron resonance measurements qualitatively...

We investigate the caesium concentrations in soils in mountain areas near Gori nuclear power plant in Korea, focusing on the measurement limits to the 134Cs. In order to lower the minimum detectable amount (MDA) of activity for the 134Cs, we have used the ammonium molybdophosphate (AMP) precipitation method to get rid of the 40K existing in natural radioactivity, which reduces the MDA activity about 10 times smaller than those without the AMP precipitation method. The MDA results for the 134Cs were found to be in the range between 0.015 and 0.044 Bq/kg-dry weight. In order to diminish the background, we also have measured a part of the soil samples in Yangyang, a small town in the east coast of Korea. However, it turns out that in order to detect the 134Cs in the samples the MDA should be reduced to the level of mBq/kg-dry weight.

A case-control study was conducted involving 156 patients with scrub typhus and 130 controls. Three factors were associated significantly with the risk of developing scrub typhus: engaging in fruit farming (OR 2.44; 95% CI 1.04–5.69), gathering chestnuts (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.09–3.87) and taking breaks in areas adjacent to agricultural operations (OR 3.06; 95% CI 1.50–6.22). In contrast, receiving information or educational materials concerning the prevention of scrub typhus had a protective effect (OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.24–0.83). These results suggest that a health education programme will lower the risk of developing scrub typhus when applied to high-risk groups.

The root of Sophora flavescens has been reported to possess antitumor activity in Sarcoma 180, lymphoid leukemia 1210 and melanotic melanoma. We have isolated four cytotoxic flavonoids with a lavandulyl side-chain at C8 and tested for their effects on human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells and human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells, in terms of inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. They showed potent antiproliferative effects with IC(50) values from 11.3 microM to 18.5 microM in HL60 cells and from 13.3 microM to 36. 2 microM in HepG2 cells. Treatment of HL-60 cells with the lavandulylflavonoids induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was judged by the detection of DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis and the degree of apoptosis was quantified by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The hydration of C4"'C5"' double bond with or without C3 hydroxylation caused a complete loss of cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the lavandulyl side-chain is essential for the activity of the flavonoids isolated from S. flavescens which may be used as cancer chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents.

A disordered mesoporous material, KIT-1 was applied as a catalyst support for Ni, Pd and Pt. These catalysts were tested for carbon dioxide reforming of methane, and catalytic combustion of methyl isobutyl ketone and methane, respectively. Ni/Ca/KIT-1 which contains 10 % Ni with 3% Ca showed conversions approaching equilibrium levels above 650°C and maintained constant activity over 20 h. For methane combustion. Pd impregnated on mesoporous supports showed higher activity than Pd/Al 2 O 3 Pd/SiO 2 . or Pd/ZSM-5. For methyl isobutyl ketone combustion, Pt supported on mesoporous materials showed light-off temperature lower than other supports by 30-35°C. It was consistently demonstrated that the large surface area and mesopore structure of M41S type material can result in improvements in catalytic activity as well as enhanced poison resistance in some applications. Long term hydrothermal stability remained to be evaluated.