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Gasifying waste represents a sustainable and highly effective approach; however, ensuring rigorous control of hydrogen leakage is paramount to guarantee both safety and long-term sustainability. Due to the distinctive features of these production facilities and the likelihood of their placement in public municipal spaces, it is imperative to prioritize a comprehensive approach to ensuring the safety of these installations. This includes a thorough evaluation of the risks linked to hydrogen and taking proactive measures to prevent accidents, a crucial aspect that has been neglected in prior research endeavors. Therefore, this article introduces an enhanced iteration of the risk management framework based on the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and the evaluation based on distance from average solution (EDAS) methods, implemented in a municipal solid waste gasification system to facilitate hydrogen production. The research employs FMEA to scrutinize potential failure modes, strategically prioritizing them through advancements in the EDAS methodology. Notably, this framework is seamlessly integrated during the conceptual design phase, showcasing its efficacy in bolstering risk-informed design strategies. Through rigorous comparative and sensitivity analyses, the resilience of the framework is underscored. The refined FMEA-EDAS framework holds substantial practical implications for managing hydrogen production facilities by providing a structured approach to resource allocation and ensuring adherence to industry standards. Furthermore, it fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, potentially serving as a knowledge hub to fortify safety measures within the realm of hydrogen production. • We propose a new FMEA-EDAS MCDM for waste-to-hydrogen gasification. • We analyze a real case study with 20 failure modes, revealing root causes. • We validate our framework via comparative and sensitivity analysis. • We provide a comprehensive safety planning solution for the case study. • The proposed mode contributes to global energy transition with cleaner solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for status has been recognized as a significant consumer motive. Although the literature discusses the main antecedents of guests' attitudes and behavioral intentions, the phenomenon of status-seeking in the theme park context has not received enough empirical attention. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic altered guests' attitudes, and safety-related procedures became the most important antecedents of attitudes and behavioral intentions. This study aims to explore the effects of the perceived status of the visit and safety measures undertaken by theme parks on guests' attitudes and visit intentions by using experimental design. The results indicate that the perceived status of the visit positively influences guests' attitudes and visit intentions, while safety measures undertaken by theme parks have significant effects on guests' perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of safety on national roads that traverse urban areas in emerging countries has been a significant cause for concern. Statistical analysis and modelling techniques for road safety evaluation in metropolitan India are still evolving due to inadequate crash data, inventory, and traffic volume data records. This work aims to formulate safety performance functions (SPF) using negative binomial (NB) count data models to pinpoint the variables influencing total fatal crashes and other individual victim types, i.e., pedestrians, motorcyclists, and single vehicles on mid-block sections. Using four years of crash data (2014-2017) from Visakhapatnam City Police, India, the applicability of the current study framework has been established. Besides the geometric design elements, segment length, speed and average daily traffic, this study also focuses on information collected from road safety audits such as the provision of service roads, land use type, median opening, side access, pedestrian crossings, sight clearance to the driver, availability of earthen shoulders, proper signage, and good road markings. The study outcome reveals that road segment length, service road presence, and land use type are significant risk variables associated with fatal crashes in Visakhapatnam City, India. The length of the road segment positively correlated with frequencies of total fatal, pedestrian, motorcycle and single-vehicle fatal crashes. It increased the frequency of fatal crashes on each increment by 103%, 122%, 73% and 98%, respectively. Service roads increase crash frequencies, and road stretches with commercial/mixed land use types attract more crashes. This research emphasizes the essential safety precautions that transportation engineers and planners must implement to establish a more secure environment for all road users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hospitality professionals with insufficient food safety knowledge (FSK) poses a major risk to food safety in their respective organisations. This study aims to investigate the level of food safety knowledge of hospitality professionals, as well as the attributes influencing food safety knowledge and their corresponding relationships. A total of 862 hospitality professionals working in hotels, restaurants, cafes, universities and colleges located in two different cities in India participated in a cross-sectional study between July 2022 and August 2022. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 20 items related to food safety knowledge was used to collect the data. Both descriptive (frequency distribution, central tendency, norms) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient) were conducted in this study to investigate the level of food safety knowledge and measure the association between food safety and educational qualification, age, experience and adoption of training related to food safety. The findings of this study contribute to the current literature about mitigating food-borne illnesses through creating a level of knowledge with proper education, experience and training among hospitality professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human factors are considered the main cause of accidents involving pipeline explosionf. In order to identify the path of human‐induced explosion accidents, a gas pipeline explosion that occurred in Shiyan city of China is investigated thoroughly in this study. Applying the 24Model, the causes of the accident are classified into two levels: organizational and individual. The organizational level causes are further categorized into two elements, namely safety culture and safety management system. The individual level causes are further categorized into personal abilities and safety behaviors—both unsafe actions and unsafe conditions. The 24Model methodology further refines unsafe actions and unsafe conditions into subcategories for increased clarity. Based on the 24Model, it was determined that the Shinyan City incident was caused by gaps in personal abilities, which included insufficient safety knowledge, low safety awareness, and bad safety habits. Causes related to ability factors, safety management system, and safety culture were also identified. In addition, the relationship between the identified factors was developed according to the roles played by the accident causes, and the propagation path of the accident was established. This clarity helps to strengthen safety measures related to human factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this conceptual paper, we explore the impact of the pandemic, along with governmental and gym safety measures on gym climbing participation. We explain how internal and external forces have hindered participation and how gym climbers negotiated with those constraints during the pandemic. Drawing from secondary data sources in climbing-related media and organizations, we first illustrate how climbing gyms adapted their safety policies from shutdown to reopening phases. This highlights the role of pandemic and safety measures in shaping structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal constraints. The conceptual explication of pandemic-induced gym climbing constraints enables us to further analyse how individuals adjusted their participation and devised alternatives to sustain their climbing activities. Our discussion contributes to the understanding of human perceptions and responses in crisis situation and highlights avenues for future research, particularly in relation to gym professionals and climbers' responsibilities and resources in addressing collective societal challenges and sustaining exercise engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to find the factors affecting the fruit vendor’s safety measures and sanitation facilities during COVID-19 in Bangladesh. A quantitative research design was used to conduct this study. Random sampling techniques were executed to collect data from 416 fruit vendors through a field survey. The study reveals that 87% of the fruit vendors took safety measures during COVID-19. Most of them had better sanitation facilities at home compared to their workplaces. Their safety measures and sanitation facilities were associated with socioeconomic backgrounds. Age, type of house, place of business, and receiving financial support influenced fruit vendors’ safety measures. Sanitation facilities at home were affected by their sex, schooling, types of houses, and working hours. Types of houses, family income, and business duration impacted the workplace's sanitation facilities. Their socio-demographic and economic situations affected fruit vendors' safety measures and sanitation facilities during COVID-19. Fear of death and government market mechanisms also might have played a significant role in measuring the different steps against Coronavirus infection. Health and hygiene rules prescribed by the authorities should be followed strictly to avoid dire situations during the pandemic. Both government and non-government initiatives should be given the utmost priority to create sanitation awareness, whether about personal cleanliness or workplace hygiene and paired with financial support.

The safety of vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians, bicyclists and motorised twowheelers, on national highways passing through urban areas has been a significant concern in developing countries like India. This study analyzes Visakhapatnam police crash data (2014-2017) to identify high-risk road segments to vulnerable road users. Establishing negative binomial models helps analyze risk variables for fatal and injury crashes concerning several susceptible road users on mid-block sections. Further, this study focuses on site-specific information collected from road-safety audits, speed, average daily traffic, length of road section and percentage of two-wheelers, also considered to fully help understand the likelihood of a crash. The statistical analysis of this paper identified the risk variables, like length of road segment, presence of service roads, land-use type (i.e., commercial/mixed land use), number of curves and average daily traffic associated with the incidence of fatal and injury crashes of vulnerable road users in Visakhapatnam city, India. The conclusions highlight the crucial safety measures that transportation planners and policymakers must take to create a more secure environment for road users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper offers a thorough examination of the safety measures enforced at hydrogen filling stations, emphasizing their crucial significance in the wider endeavor to advocate for hydrogen as a sustainable and reliable substitute for conventional fuels. The analysis reveals a wide range of crucial safety aspects in hydrogen refueling stations, including regulated hydrogen dispensing, leak detection, accurate hydrogen flow measurement, emergency shutdown systems, fire-suppression mechanisms, hydrogen distribution and pressure management, and appropriate hydrogen storage and cooling for secure refueling operations. The paper therefore explores several aspects, including the sophisticated architecture of hydrogen dispensers, reliable leak-detection systems, emergency shut-off mechanisms, and the implementation of fire-suppression tactics. Furthermore, it emphasizes that the safety and effectiveness of hydrogen filling stations are closely connected to the accuracy in the creation and upkeep of hydrogen dispensers. It highlights the need for materials and systems that can endure severe circumstances of elevated pressure and temperature while maintaining safety. The use of sophisticated leak-detection technology is crucial for rapidly detecting and reducing possible threats, therefore improving the overall safety of these facilities. Moreover, the research elucidates the complexities of emergency shut-off systems and fire-suppression tactics. These components are crucial not just for promptly managing hazards, but also for maintaining the station's structural soundness in unanticipated circumstances. In addition, the study provides observations about recent technical progress in the industry. These advances effectively tackle current safety obstacles and provide the foundation for future breakthroughs in hydrogen fueling infrastructure. The integration of cutting-edge technology and materials, together with the development of upgraded safety measures, suggests a positive trajectory towards improved efficiency, dependability, and safety in hydrogen refueling stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Aims: Hand hygiene (HH) is an essential practice to evade the transmission of germs and minimize community-acquired infections. This study assesses the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of HH and other health and safety measures before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. in university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted between December 2022 and March 2023, targeting university students from all disciplines and study levels. A 44-item questionnaire was used which included student demographics, knowledge, attitude, and practice of HH, as well as the anticipated risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Participants consented before commencing the questionnaire, and the collected data were analysed using the student's t-test and ANOVA test, as required. Results: A total of 378 responses were received nationwide, with a valid response rate of 98%. The HH knowledge revealed an average score of 62%, which was significantly higher in students with moderate family income. Additionally, the average attitude score was 74.7%, as measured on the Likert scale, and the score lacked any correlation with the other variables. HH practice showed an average score of 86.8%, which was correlated with the students' gender and field of study. Conclusions: This study showed a moderate level of knowledge, a good attitude, and good practice around HH and other safety measures among the UAE's university students. Socioeconomic status, gender, and field of study influenced the study outcomes. This study highlights the need for effective awareness campaigns to reinforce students' health and safety, especially for male and non-health science students, in order to protect against communicable diseases.

The present paper offers a thorough examination of the safety measures enforced at hydrogen filling stations, emphasizing their crucial significance in the wider endeavor to advocate for hydrogen as a sustainable and reliable substitute for conventional fuels. The analysis reveals a wide range of crucial safety aspects in hydrogen refueling stations, including regulated hydrogen dispensing, leak detection, accurate hydrogen flow measurement, emergency shutdown systems, fire-suppression mechanisms, hydrogen distribution and pressure management, and appropriate hydrogen storage and cooling for secure refueling operations. The paper therefore explores several aspects, including the sophisticated architecture of hydrogen dispensers, reliable leak-detection systems, emergency shut-off mechanisms, and the implementation of fire-suppression tactics. Furthermore, it emphasizes that the safety and effectiveness of hydrogen filling stations are closely connected to the accuracy in the creation and upkeep of hydrogen dispensers. It highlights the need for materials and systems that can endure severe circumstances of elevated pressure and temperature while maintaining safety. The use of sophisticated leak-detection technology is crucial for rapidly detecting and reducing possible threats, therefore improving the overall safety of these facilities. Moreover, the research elucidates the complexities of emergency shut-off systems and fire-suppression tactics. These components are crucial not just for promptly managing hazards, but also for maintaining the station’s structural soundness in unanticipated circumstances. In addition, the study provides observations about recent technical progress in the industry. These advances effectively tackle current safety obstacles and provide the foundation for future breakthroughs in hydrogen fueling infrastructure. The integration of cutting-edge technology and materials, together with the development of upgraded safety measures, suggests a positive trajectory towards improved efficiency, dependability, and safety in hydrogen refueling stations.

Hospitality professionals with insufficient food safety knowledge (FSK) poses a major risk to food safety in their respective organisations. This study aims to investigate the level of food safety knowledge of hospitality professionals, as well as the attributes influencing food safety knowledge and their corresponding relationships. A total of 862 hospitality professionals working in hotels, restaurants, cafes, universities and colleges located in two different cities in India participated in a cross-sectional study between July 2022 and August 2022. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 20 items related to food safety knowledge was used to collect the data. Both descriptive (frequency distribution, central tendency, norms) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient) were conducted in this study to investigate the level of food safety knowledge and measure the association between food safety and educational qualification, age, experience and adoption of training related to food safety. The findings of this study contribute to the current literature about mitigating food-borne illnesses through creating a level of knowledge with proper education, experience and training among hospitality professionals.

Background: Cytotoxic drugs are widely used for the treatment of cancer. The Email: honeybakry@gmail.com. safety of family members who get in contact with the body fluids of patients who receive cytotoxic drugs has to be ensured. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a health education intervention in changing the level of knowledge and practice of caregivers regarding safety measures against cytotoxic drugs received by the patient. Methods: A pretest-posttest intervention study was conducted among 94 family caregivers in the chemotherapy inpatient unit at Zagazig University hospitals over a period of four months (June to September 2021). Results: There was a highly significant improvement in the level of knowledge from 5.3% to 93.6% and practice from 11.7% to 89.4% (P-value <0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Level of education was predicted to be the only independent variable that improved the level of posttest knowledge (P-value <0.001) while there were no significant independent variables that acted as a predictor in the improvement of the posttest practice. Conclusions: Health Education intervention succeeded to improve the knowledge and practice of family caregivers regarding safety measures against cytotoxic drugs. There is a need to improve the safety culture of health care workers toward caregivers through continuous intervention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) is a commonly used homemade explosive due to its simple synthesis and availability of reactants. However, its impact sensitivity may vary significantly depending on synthesis methods and possibly substance aging, presenting safety concerns during handling. In this study, two batches of HMTD, one stored for 3 months and one freshly synthesized, were investigated. Analytical techniques including Raman spectroscopy and PTR-ToF were utilized for the HMTD specimen. A custom-designed drop hammer based on OZM’s Ball Impact Tester, equipped with optical and acoustic sensors, was employed to evaluate impact sensitivity and chemical reaction process. The setup was tested and validated with HMTD, TATP and lead azide and silver azide. Extracted features of sensor data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis (LDA, PCA) to assess the impact of aging to impact sensitivity and reaction characteristics. The study aimed to determine the correlation between substance composition and reaction behavior. The results contribute to the understanding of the influence of aging on the response and mechanical sensitivity of HMTD as well as the batch-to-batch variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A more successful approach to reducing the incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) was active caregiver education regarding safe sleep recommendations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an interventional safety program about SIDS on mothers' knowledge, attitude, and practice in order to enhance mothers' behaviors toward SIDS. Methods: Between December 1, 2019, and March 31, 2022, an interventional study was conducted in the family health care centers and units located in the Al Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. In this study, 144 mothers with infants under a year old were split into two equal groups. The researcher conducted structured self-designed questionnaire interviews with all included mothers. The first questionnaire focused on socio demographic and clinical characteristics of the infant, while the second one (pre/post intervention) assessed mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding safety measures to prevent SIDS. Results: A highly statistically significant difference was found between them post-intervention where (90.3%, 26.4%), (87.5%, 23.6%), and (80.6%, 9.70%) of them had adequate total knowledge, attitude, and practice scores, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding total scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice pre-intervention where only (22.2%, 25.0%), (13.9%, 23.6%), and (12.5%, 16.7%) of them had adequate total knowledge, attitude, and practice scores, respectively. Conclusions: There is a major state of inadequate levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward SIDS & its prevention between infants? mothers and implementation of an interventional safety program leads to highly significant improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with an important category of criminal sanctions: safeguards. The fundamental institution of criminal law, criminal sanctions, are nothing more than the effect of criminal liability, this in turn being the legal consequence of committing the crime. Within the framework of criminal sanctions, an important category is safety measures. The defense of society against crimes could not be effectively ensured if only the application of punishments, however severe they may be, both in duration and in the mode of execution, were used for this purpose. The crime must be examined in relation to the man who committed it, and not isolated as an abstract notion, without any connection to social life, and the criminal treatment to be applied must take into account everything that characterizes the person of the perpetrator as described it shows in the present and how it is shaping up in the future. When an act provided for by the criminal law is committed, the investigations carried out in the respective case sometimes reveal, in addition to the gravity of the respective act, some situations, some realities that reveal a danger for the future in terms of the commission of other crimes. In order to solve these "dangerous situations" safety measures were found as a solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research identifies safety practices to be adopted by organizations of peer-to-peer accommodation for different segments of tourists in a pandemic context. More specifically, it identifies the profiles of tourists based on their opinions on the safety practices they expect to find when booking peer-to-peer accommodation. Results from a Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Cluster Analysis applied to a sample of 864 prospective tourists suggest two prominent dimensions of safety practices: information and hygiene, and protection; and four types of tourist segments: concerned tourists, indifferent tourists, forewarned tourists, and confident tourists. While the concerned tourists value all safety practices most, the indifferent tourists do not require access to information about safety measures, although they do want information on the Covid-19 regulations at their destination. The forewarned tourists attach the least importance to aspects such as information and hygiene, and the greatest to the protection aspect. In contrast, the confident tourists value all information practices and safety measures but do not appreciate the protection aspects. These results will be helpful for peer-to-peer accommodation providers wishing to customize services during and after the Covid-19 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chemotherapy is used to treat cancer. Occupational exposure to chemotherapy drugs produce many side effects and continue to be a hazard in health care setting. It is therefore highly important for oncology nurses to apply proper drug handling technique and procedures with great care to prevent such exposure. Objectives: 1. To assess the level of existing knowledge of student nurses regarding safety measures in handling of chemotherapy drugs. 2. To determine the post-test level knowledge of student nurses regarding safety measures in handling of chemotherapy drugs. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding safety measures in handling of chemotherapy drugs. 4. To associate the post-test knowledge scores of the student nurses regarding safety measures in handling of chemotherapy drugs with their selected demographic variables. Design: Pre-experimental one group pre test post test design was selected for the study. Fifty 2nd year GNM students were selected through non-probability convenience sampling technique. A self-structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data. Result: Findings of the study revealed that 36(72%) participants had inadequate knowledge & 13(26%) participants had moderately adequate knowledge in pre test. 28(56%) of the participants had adequate knowledge and 22(44%) had moderately adequate knowledge in post test. The obtained "t" value -12.22 was found to be highly significant at p<0.05 level. Conclusion: Teaching programmes are effective in improving the knowledge and hence must be conducted at regular intervals to retain the information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering is the property of Guangdong Architecture Civil Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Healthcare workplaces are unsafe environments due to inherent sources of hazards. This study was conducted to assess healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of workplace hazards and availability of safety measures at a teaching hospital in Rwanda. A descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective study design with mixed method approach was used. Healthcare workers of a teaching hospital were selected by stratified sampling and asked to complete a structured self-administered questionnaire. Information was collected from the participants about the socio-demographic characteristics as well as the knowledge, attitude and perceptions of occupational hazards and the presence of safety measures. A total of 290 staff responded to the questionnaire, of which 163(56.2%) were males. The mean age was 35.81 years (SD: ±7.528 years). Most of the participants (n=151; 52.1%) reported that they met patients with highly contagious diseases 12 months before data collection; 155 (53.3%) participants had needle stick injuries. Overall, 143 (49.3%) participants had knowledge deemed adequate; with the majority being males who are married, have a bachelor's degree and are aged above 30 years. The results show that 154 (53.1%) participants had a good attitude. Bad attitude was associated with being aged 26 or younger, female, divorced, widowed, or only completed secondary education. Over the course of the year, half of hospital staff are exposed to workplace hazards. There are gaps in knowledge about workplace hazards and proper safety practices. Healthcare workers' attitudes also put them at risk. Workplace health education and policy need to be strengthened to create a safe working environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of ocular trauma resulting from road traffic accidents over a two-year period, emphasizing demographics, injury characteristics, and visual outcomes at Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences. Methodology: This study, conducted at the Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences over a two-year period from October 2019 to September 2021, aimed to comprehensively analyze ocular trauma resulting from road traffic accidents (RTAs). A total of 175 patients were evaluated within the casualty, surgery, and ophthalmology departments. Results: The study revealed a higher incidence of ocular trauma in males (58%) compared to females (42%), with the age group of 21-30 years being the most commonly affected (30.28%). The majority of patients (98.28%) presented to the hospital within 24 hours of the RTA, emphasizing the promptness of medical intervention. Closed globe injuries (92%) were predominant, with subconjunctival hemorrhage being the most common anterior segment finding. Visual acuity assessment showed that 53.71% of patients had acuity greater than 6/12. Conclusion: The study underscores the need for educating individuals on traffic rules and safety measures to mitigate ocular injuries in RTAs. It also highlights the importance of timely medical intervention for better visual outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exposure of farmers to pesticides due to inadequate safety measures is a concern in low-income countries in Africa and Asia. However, until now, there have been limited studies on the farmers' risk due to pesticide application to fruit crops. The knowledge of farmers' exposure related to pesticide use and their safety practices was studied among 100 banana farmers in three areas (Padampur, Jagatpur, and Thimura) of Chitwan district, Nepal. More than 75% of the farmers complained about problems related to insects. Most frequently used insecticides in the area were chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. Ten percent (10%) of the applied pesticides were highly hazardous to humans, according to the World Health Organization hazard category, with skin rash being the most common acute symptom reported by 29% of the farmers. Banned organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides, such as endosulfan and triazophos, respectively, are still being used by farmers in the aforementioned areas. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed the lack of knowledge and safety practices among farmers leading to inadequate awareness related to the negative effects of pesticide use on human health and the environment. Therefore, government extension service can play a crucial role in improving banana farmers' knowledge of the toxic effects of pesticides as well as enforcing the Nepali language in the labeling of pesticide containers and packages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticides are chemical constituents used to prevent or control pests, including insects, rodents, fungi, weeds, and other unwanted organisms. Despite their advantages in crop production and disease management, the use of pesticides poses significant hazards to the environment and public health. Pesticide elements have now perpetually entered our atmosphere and subsequently contaminated water, food, and soil, leading to health threats ranging from acute to chronic toxicities. Pesticides can cause acute toxicity if a high dose is inhaled, ingested, or comes into contact with the skin or eyes, while prolonged or recurrent exposure to pesticides leads to chronic toxicity. Pesticides produce different types of toxicity, for instance, neurotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and endocrine disruption. The toxicity of a pesticide formulation may depend on the specific active ingredient and the presence of synergistic or inert compounds that can enhance or modify its toxicity. Safety concerns are the need of the hour to control contemporary pesticide-induced health hazards. The effectiveness and implementation of the current legislature in providing ample protection for human health and the environment are key concerns. This review explored a comprehensive summary of pesticides regarding their updated impacts on human health and advanced safety concerns with legislation. Implementing regulations, proper training, and education can help mitigate the negative impacts of pesticide use and promote safer and more sustainable agricultural practices.

Facility managers play a key role in ensuring the safety of occupants in indoor environments, particularly in the event of a disaster. Pedestrian Simulation Models, such as the Social Force Model (SFM), are essential for simulating pedestrian behavior and evaluating safety measures in complex indoor environments. These models help to identify potential hazards and bottlenecks. However, concerns about the accuracy of the SFM in reproducing physical distance, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, have raised doubts about its reliability, but little attention has been paid to the validity of the SFM in analyzing human movement in indoor environments. Our study rigorously evaluates the applicability of SFM for simulating physical distancing behavior in indoor environments, using trajectory data from building occupants during the COVID-19 peak. The investigation compares standard SFM with Pandemic SFM, which is customized for physical distancing. The results clearly demonstrate the superior performance of Pandemic-SFM in replicating indoor occupant movement, particularly in crowded spaces. Sensitivity analysis highlights the importance of accurately modeling physical distancing, particularly during infectious disease outbreaks. These findings hold great promise for improving occupant behavior simulation models, especially in indoor building environments, and provide scientific evidence to guide safety improvements during pandemics.

Despite recent measures on accident prevention, road collisions, mainly on London's “A'' roads, persist as accident sources, endangering vulnerable users in particular. Analysing evidence from London's A-Roads unveils issues concerns and trends. This study utilises extensive data to target factors magnifying accidents: speed, traffic, vulnerable interactions. Stats 19 and transport data including volumes, types, speeds, and congestion parameters are all analysed alongside the collision data. The descriptive statistics have been employed to understand nature of data in the first instance. This has supported the process to cleanse the data outliers or periods where were subjected to incidents and interventions. Predictive model development is conducted to analyse and forecast accident frequency using ARIMA and SARIMAX models forecasted accident rates and interventions. ARIMA yielded higher accuracy. Method of analysis resulted in a statistically reliable formulation of the main factors, enabling use of this method for similar cities across the world. Formulated analysis revealed key contributors as population density, weather, and time of the day. The analysis of data supported identification of strategies emerging as infrastructure improvements, traffic control measures and severity and vulnerable users affected in particular. The analysis reveals distinct exhibits of causation, leading to focused recommendations on infrastructure enhancements, traffic control measures, and the impact on severity and vulnerable users, deviating from prior research findings. Insights aid safer London roads, have global predictive and mitigation value.

The effectiveness evaluation of safety measures against severe accident is necessary for restart of experimental sodium-cooled fast reactor Joyo in Japan. These safety measures correspond to those in defense-in-depth (DiD) level 4. In the previous study, an internal event level-1 probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) at power was performed to calculate frequencies of the accident sequences of failure of safety measures in DiD levels 1 to 3, to identify dominant accident sequence groups, and to identify dominant accident sequence for selecting important accident sequences in each accident sequence group, which are needed for implementing the effectiveness evaluation of safety measures in DiD level 4. Based on this, the present study implemented internal event level-1 PRA at power to show quantitatively reduction of those occurrence frequency by the safety measure in the DiD level 4. As a result, the frequency of each accident sequence group decreased significantly, and the total frequency of the accident sequence groups decreased to about 1×10-6 /reactor-year, which is about 1/1000 times the one estimated in the previous study. The protected loss of heat sink was the largest contributor in all the accident groups, and a dominant accident sequence in each accident group was also identified in this study.

BACKGROUND: Due to the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on the continuation, schedule, and efficiency of radiation therapy, this study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the COVID-19 Safety Measures (CSM) questionnaire at the radiation therapy center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this analytical cross-sectional study, which all personnel of the radiation therapy center (20 people) participated, the validity and reliability of the 16-item CSM questionnaire were investigated. Cultural adaptation, face validity, content validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency were evaluated. For face and content validity, impact score, content validity ratio, and content validity index (CVR and CVI) were calculated, respectively. Also, internal consistency and stability reliability were calculated with Kuder–Richardson (KR20) alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation (ICC), respectively. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 24 with a significant level of 5%. RESULTS: Out of 20 employees, 70% (14 people) were female, 75% (15 people) were married and the mean age (SD) was 32.4 (6.35) years. Scale-based Kuder–Richardson alpha, S-CVI, ICC, and confidence interval were 0.79, 0.97, 0.68, and 0.38–0.89, respectively. CONCLUSION: The validity and reliability of the 16-item CSM questionnaire were confirmed. Therefore, the application of this scale is recommended.

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effect of training given to mothers about home accidents and safety measures. The study, which was planned with the convergent parallel mixed method model, was carried out with mothers residing in Mamak District of Ankara Province. In the quantitative dimension of the study, a single group pre-test-post-test design model was used, and in the qualitative part, phenomenological case design was used. As a result of the study, it was determined that the post-test mean scores of the mothers were significantly higher than the pre-test mean scores, and the knowledge of the mothers about home accidents increased at a high rate after the training. Based on the results obtained from the study, suggestions were made for carrying out dissemination studies for home accidents, training fathers for home accidents, and making home visits in training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the safety measures and operational challenges of inland waterway transport along the Oron - Calabar route. Observation and structured questionnaires were used for the collection of data. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was coded and analyzed using the 4-point Likert scale, which was converted to a relative importance index (R.I.I.) for each factor, posing a challenge to operators. The result showed that safety equipment was provided onboard boats by operators. The R.I.I. computed showed that boat and engine replacement (R.I.I. = 0.874) was the most challenging factor, while water hyacinth (R.I.I. = 0.418) was the least. Other challenges were frequent bad weather conditions, high running costs, floating logs and debris, extortion by law enforcement agents, difficulty making headway against the opposite current, high cost of safety equipment, passengers' refusal to adhere to safety measures, and poor berthing facilities in their order of impact. Proper funding and enforcement of safety measures are hereby recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Usta Salud is the property of Revista UstaSalud de la Division de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Li-ion batteries become a hot spot in academic research in recent years. However, due to the incidents caused by the batteries, effective management measures are necessary for experimental safety of Li-ion batteries in universities. On the basis of analysis of the safety issue mechanism as well as management situation of Li-ion batteries experiment, the safety management measures are explored and studied. Based on the characteristics of Li-ion batteries experiment and lab safety management characteristics in universities, the new "threecompleteness" battery safety management system are proposed, including complete hierarchy, elements and process. The management measures are proposed from different perspectives of personnel, hazardous factors and experiment process. The management measures can provide new reference for the safety management of the batteries experiment of the universities, as well as safeguard for safe operation of the laboratories in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the introduction of silver nanoparticles in medical products is rampant and, therefore, their toxic release into the environment gives rise to grave environmental issues. Environmental management is the need of the hour. The objective of this study is to create and harvest silver nanodots of sizes <20 nm using a simple ingredient like monosaccharide fructose sugar in the lab, to analyse their antimicrobial properties and to find usage by functionalizing them in medical products to enhance their quality. This experimental process following in this study is rapid paced, ecofriendly, toxic free, than the existing conventional methods. These silver nanodots are unique in nature, when it is functionalized with medical products such as textiles and wound dressings. They are found to be toxin free providing a safe and healthy medical environment. Infections are reduced nearly hundred percent due to silver-nanodots’ high antimicrobial potential. The toxic release into the environment is near zero, than the rest nanoparticles used in medical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Daily monitoring of COVID-19 symptoms/history of contact in hospital staff is useful for ensuring safety in the hospital. An electronic self- assessment tool could be used to monitor staff without using excessive resources and resulting in unnecessary contact. The objective of our study was to describe the results of a self-assessment COVID-19 daily monitor log in hospital employees. Methods: A description of characteristics of staff who filled the log and follow-up of those who reported symptoms/history of contact was collected. An online self-assessment of COVID-19 symptoms/contact history was developed and used at a hospital in Bahrain. All staff completed the daily COVID-19 log. Data were collected during the month of June 2020. Results: Out of 47,388 responses, 853 (2%) of staff reported either COVID-19 symptoms/history of contact with diagnosed COVID-19 case. The most frequently reported symptom was sore throat (23%), followed by muscle pain (12.6%). The highest frequency of staff who reported symptoms and/or contact was in nurses. Of those who reported symptoms/contact, 18 were diagnosed with COVID-19. The majority (83.3%) of the infected staff obtained the virus through community transmission, and only 16.7% obtained the virus through hospital transmission. Conclusion: The electronic self-assessment log for staff during COVID-19 could be used as a safety measure in hospitals. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of targeting community transmission in an effort to increase hospital safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the one hand, in the present era, construction companies are one of Egypt's fastest-growing industries and provide significant economic returns. On the other hand, construction industries significantly put individuals in danger of accidental death. In this study, the researchers examined the factors that affect Occupational Safety (OCS) measures among women engineers working in Egypt's construction industries. This is a quantitative study that used cross-sectional data, and the researchers used 376 usable samples. By applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this study's findings demonstrate that the Work Environment (WEN), Personal Protection (PP), Training and Education of Safety Skills (TESS), Familiarity with Safety Regulations (FSR) and Safety Commitment (SCT) influence OCS. This study's findings will help policymakers and planners design effective safety policies on construction sites. This study's findings about adopting precautionary and safety measures will help reduce the death rates on Egypt's construction sites. Finally, particularly in developing countries, this study's findings will contribute to the health and safety and environment and health literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast imaging centers in California and Texas and compare regional differences. METHODS: An 11-item survey was emailed to American College of Radiology accredited breast imaging facilities in California and Texas in August 2020. A question subset addressed March-April government restrictions on elective services (during the shutdown and after reopening). Comparisons were made between states with chi-square and Fishers tests, and timeframes with McNemars and paired t-tests. RESULTS: There were 54 respondents (54/240, 23%, 26 California, 28 Texas). Imaging volumes fell during the shutdown and remained below pre-pandemic levels after reopening, with reduction in screening greatest (ultrasound 12% of baseline, mammography 13%, MRI 23%), followed by diagnostic MRI (43%), procedures (44%), and diagnostics (45%). California reported higher volumes during the shutdown (procedures, MRI) and after reopening (diagnostics, procedures, MRI) versus Texas (P = 0.001-0.02). Most screened patients (52/54, 96% symptoms and 42/54, 78% temperatures), and 100% (53/53) modified check-in and check-out. Reading rooms or physician work were altered for social distancing (31/54, 57%). Physician mask (45/48, 94%), gown (15/48, 31%), eyewear (22/48, 46%), and face shield (22/48, 46%) use during procedures increased after reopening versus pre-pandemic (P

This article discusses the challenges of degradation and safety in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the importance of implementing early warning systems to address potential risks. The article focuses on two main themes: mechanisms of degradation and mitigation strategies, and early warning systems and diagnostic methods. It includes research articles and a review article that provide insights into degradation phenomena, mitigation strategies, and diagnostic tools for LIBs. The goal of this research is to enhance the safety and reliability of LIBs, contributing to their sustainable and secure use in various applications. [Extracted from the article]

The study identified the factors affecting the adoption of agrochemical safety measures among crop farmers in the Southern Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study include; identifying the rate of awareness of agrochemical safety measures, to identify adoption level of agrochemical safety measures and to determine the effect of socio-economic characteristic on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 220 crop farmers for the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Result of the study revealed that farmers in the area were aware of the following agrochemical safety measures: avoid eating and drinking when using agrochemicals/bathing after spraying (85%), washing spraying clothes separately from other clothes (74%), and danger of ingestion/inhalation of agrochemicals (70%) among others. Also, results on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures show that 50% of the respondents adopted on a high scale level, 38% adopted on a medium scale and 12% adopted on a low scale. Level of education, extension contact, farm size, and household size were the socio-economic characteristics that had un influence on the adoption of agrochemical safety measures in the area. It is therefore recommended that extension workers should intensify un enlightenment campaign on the danger of exposure to agrochemicals in order to achieve full adoption of agrochemical safety measures by crop farmers.

The initiative for solar-driven hydrogen and oxygen production for cooking and medical applications is designed to revolutionize our approach to energy-intensive activities. This project integrates three crucial components: solar power generation, hydrogen and oxygen gas separation and storage, and the application of these gases for cooking and medical purposes. Through the use of solar panels, the project captures sunlight and converts it into electrical energy, fundamentally departing from conventional energy sources with its clean and renewable approach. The electrolyzer, powered by the harvested solar energy, then facilitates the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen gasses, both stored meticulously in separate containers with stringent safety measures in place. The innovative aspect lies in the utilization of these clean gasses as a sustainable fuel source for cooking and medical applications. When these gasses combust, they recombine to form water vapour, releasing energy without the emission of harmful by-products. By emphasizing clean energy practices, this project significantly diminishes the carbon footprint associated with traditional cooking methods, offering a promising and ecofriendly alternative for households and communities. The success of this solar-driven hydrogen and oxygen production initiative holds the potential to transform our energy landscape, making strides towards a more sustainable and environmentally conscious future.