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Introduction: Renal length and volume are important indicators for the presence or progression of disease in urology and nephrology. Estimation of renal volume by Ultrasonography (USG) has clinical utility for the physician, nephrologist, and urologist. Aim: To measure individual renal volume by ultrasonography and determine its relationship with renal function as measured by the Diethylene Triamine Penta-acetic Acid (DTPA) in normal adults. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on fifty patients who underwent DTPA scans both in Outpatient (OPD) and In-Patient Department in the Department of Urology, of a tertiary care centre from January 2020 to December 2020. All the transplant donors who underwent donor nephrectomy were included in the study. A sonographic assessment was done and the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was calculated by Technetium (Tc)-154 DTPA. The primary outcome was to determine the relationship between renal volume with renal function in normal adults. The secondary outcome was to measure individual renal parameters sonographically. They were assessed for correlation between renal parameters (mainly renal volume) and DTPA using Pearson's coefficient. Results: The age range of the subjects was 18-70 years. GFR calculated by DTPA for the right kidney had a better correlation with renal volume (r=0.241) on the right and 0.162 on the left, both with a p-value of 0.001). GFR of the left kidney had a better correlation with left kidney volume (r=0.184) than right kidney volume (r=0.130). No correlation was found between GFR with renal Anteroposterior (AP) dimension, renal width, and renal length. The kidney volume was more significant on the left-side (r=0.351) than on the right kidney (r=0.263). Conclusion: Renal volume correlated well with renal function. Sonographic assessment of renal volume rather than renal length would serve as a tool to evaluate renal status for evaluation and follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The prone position for percutaneous nephrolithomy (PCNL) has been widely practiced. There has been a shift from prone position to supine position which showed numerous benefits. The aim of our study is to describe the 5 year experience from the perspective of a tertiary care center using a modified Galdakao supine Valdivia position for total tubeless ultra mini supine PCNL, total tubeless supine PCNL, tubeless supine PCNL, and standard supine PCNL. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 90 patients who underwent supine PCNL at the tertiary care center during the period of 5 years from January 2017 to January 2021. The data collection was done from patients' medical records. Pre operatively, complete examination of the patients with laboratory investigations were done. The modified Clavien classification system was used to classify the perioperative complications of PCNL. Results: Operative time was lowest for ultra mini supine PCNL (50 ± 10.4 min) compared to standard supine PCNL (58 ± 11.2 min). Stones were single in 54 patients and multiple in 40 patients with 4 patients with staghorn stones. The size of the stones in the largest dimension ranged from 1.2 to 5.5 cm.Complete clearance was achieved in 84 (89.7%) patients. Seven patients (7.2%) developed mild fever and four patients (4.5%) required blood transfusion. Conclusion: We found supine PCNL to be an immensely convenient, time-saving practice, and with higher stone free rate compared to prone PCNL. The different techniques of supine PCNL were also useful in patients with horseshoe kidney and calyceal diverticulum which resulted in good outcomes in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]