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In this paper we define C-induced action graph G(S, a, C; A) corresponding to a semigroup act (S, a, A) and a subset C of S. This generalizes many interesting graphs including Cayley Graph of groups and semigroups, Transformation Graphs (TRAG), Group Action Graphs (GAG), Derangement Action Graphs, Directed Power Graphs of Semigroups etc. We focus on the case when C = S and name the digraph, so obtained, as Action Graph of a Semigroup Act (S, a, A). Some basic structural properties of this graph follow from algebraic properties of the underlying semigroup and its action on the set. Action graph of a strongly faithful act is also studied and graph theoretic characterization of a strongly faithful semigroup act as well as that of idempotents in a semigroup are obtained. We introduce the notion of strongly transitive digraphs and based on this we characterize action graphs of semigroup acts in the class of simple digraphs. The simple fact that morphism between semigroup acts leads to digraph homomorphism between corresponding action graphs, motivates us to represent action graph construction as a functor from the category of semigroup acts to the category of certain digraphs. We capture its functorial properties, some of which signify previous results in terms of Category Theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly altered carbonate rock was recovered from the mount, off Calicut, Kerala. Bulk chemical analysis of the rock showed that it contains ~ 21 % P2O5. The rock consists of fine to coarse lithic and bio-clasts embedded in brown to the yellow coloured phosphatic matrix. Detailed SEM-EDS of the rock piece indicates micro-globular and nodular growth of phosphorite around calcite to form a core-rim structure, with P2O5 as high as 31.67 weight percentage. The X-ray elemental mapping carried out using EPMA indicates highest P2O5 (29.87 %) on the altered surfaces. Microstructural and geochemical analyses suggest authigenic/diagenetic precipitation of phosphorite on the carbonate rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to continue our study of Morita invariants of semigroups, in this paper we enumerate some of the properties of finitely generated subacts, principal subacts, prime subacts, semiprime subacts, m-systems, n-system, radicals of subacts, prime radicals, kernels, primary subacts, semiprimary subacts and Noetherian acts and investigate their behavior under Morita equivalence of semigroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, using the idea of quasi-coincidence of a fuzzy point with a fuzzy set, the concepts of (∈, ∈ vq) - fuzzy subsemigroup and (∈, ∈ vq) - fuzzy bi-ideal in a Γ-semigroup have been introduced and some related properties have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study matrix hemiring S2 via fuzzy subsets and fuzzy h-ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we introduce the notion of operator semirings of a Γ-semiring to study Γ-semirings. It is shown that the lattices of all left (right) ideals (two-sided ideals) of a Γ-semiring and its right (respectively left) operator semiring are isomorphic. This has many applications to characterize various Γ-semirings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In preterm infants, persistence of ductus arteriosus is an important medical condition. Functional echocardiography for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may guide clinical decision-making regarding treatment requirement strategies. Objectives of the study were to assess the trends of clinical and functional echocardiographic parameters with evolution of ductus arteriosus in babies≤1250 gm of birth weight and to evaluate whether there is any association of these parameters with persistence of ductus., Methods: In this prospective observational study, recruited babies were assessed serially for clinical events and functional echocardiography. Babies were classified into three groups: without PDA, with PDA but PDA spontaneously closed (within 7 days) and persistent PDA., Result: We included 143 infants (Birth weight 1017±179 g, gestational age 30.8±2.7 weeks). Out of 60 babies with PDA, PDA failed to close spontaneously in first week in 32 (53.4 %) infants. PDA Doppler flow pattern on day 3 was found to be one of the most significant markers for future ductus. The highest frequency of growing pattern (37.5%) and pulsatile pattern (59.4%) was seen in persistence ductus group. PDA diameter and LA/Ao ratio were found strongly correlated with all other variables except E/A ratio., Conclusion: We noticed persistence of ductus in preterm infants had significant clinical and echocardiographic association. PDA doppler flow pattern on day 3 was found to be a significant marker for future behaviour of ductus. Significant correlation was found among individual functional echocardiographic parameters in babies with PDA. This would guide judicious treatment of PDA in preterm neonates.

Objective: To evaluate the role of functional echocardiography for prediction of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure and development of adverse outcome in very low birth weight newborn., Methods and Study Design: Functional echocardiography was done in 143 neonates with birth weight less than 1250 g on day 3. Nine echocardiographic parameters were analyzed for babies with PDA for prediction of spontaneous closure and development of one or more adverse outcomes (bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis≥stage 2 and intraventricular hemorrhage > grade 2) during hospital stay., Result: The mean (±SD) birthweight and gestational age of the cohort were 1017 (±17) g and 30.8 (±2.7) weeks. PDA was found in 60 (41.9%) babies on day 3 among the recruited babies. Binary logistic regression model showed strong prediction ability of early (day 3) functional echocardiography markers in predicting future spontaneous closure of PDA and development of one or more adverse clinical outcome. In multivariate analysis, abnormal flow pattern (growing or pulsatile) was found to have increased risk for persistence of PDA (adjusted OR 22.9, CI 1.97-269) in comparison to PDA with closing/bidirectional pattern., Conclusion: Early functional echocardiography, especially the flow pattern, is useful for prediction of PDA closure. Adverse clinical outcome prediction is possible with functional echocardiography markers when combined with gestational age and PDA closure status.