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After Broughton took that job with theSouth Carolina libraries, he worked his waythrough a master's in library and informationscience. In previous encounters,Hurd had told Broughton she thoughthe'd make a great librarian. [Extracted from the article]

From the Editor: Everette Bacon is amember of the national board of directorsand the affiliate president in Utah.He also chairs the Dr. Jacob Bolotin AwardCommittee. Dr. Jacob W. Bolotin (1888-1924) wasa pioneering blind physician, the first inhistory who achieved that goal despitethe tremendous challenges faced by blindpeople in his time. During his successfulcareer, Dr. Bolotin used his many publicspeaking engagements to advocate foremployment of the blind and the full integrationof the blind into society. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate whether and why the base of the pyramid (BOP) actors display passive innovation resistance because of which they reject service innovations without evaluation and forfeit potential to improve their well-being. The resourceness concept, referring to the outcome of how actors appraise and integrate resources in pursuit of a purpose at hand, is used as a theoretical lens to investigate the everyday consumption behaviour of BOP households and helps to investigate how and why passive innovation resistance occurs. The outcomes of the study help address important theoretical and practical considerations for the development of successful new service concepts at the BOP. Design/methodology/approach: Narrative interviews with 29 households in Zambia provide data, from which patterns in how potential resources do or do not become real are identified and related to the concept of passive innovation. Findings: Economic, social and other factors in the BOP context clearly influence non-random patterns of resource integration which are correlated with passive innovation resistance. This can lead to service innovations being ignored and/or misunderstood prior to evaluation for adoption. This is a risk to the potential positive impact of service innovation for poverty alleviation at the BOP. Practical implications: Service innovation at the BOP must begin with a deep understanding of "how" and "why" consumers typically appraise and integrate potential resources to achieve a beneficial outcome in their context. To overcome the barrier of passive innovation resistance, marketing education must stimulate an understanding of potential benefits and motivation towards the change associated with the adoption of service innovation. Social implications: The findings support more successful service innovation strategies for the BOP, which can provide vital infrastructure for the alleviation of poverty. Originality/value: The application of a service-dominant logic perspective in the BOP context and the conceptual linkage between resourceness and passive innovation resistance is novel. Valuable insights are gained for service practitioners at the BOP and for further conceptual development of innovation resistance in the BOP context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trachomatous trichiasis is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. The World Health Organization recommends eyelid surgery to reduce the risk of visual impairment from trichiasis. Unfortunately, the number of cases operated has grown less than expected. An understanding of barriers is fundamental for instituting measures to increase surgical uptake. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore barriers of TT surgery implementation. Methods: A qualitative study design was employed in December 2019. Purposive sampling technique was used to select three districts from Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia. We conducted 9 FGDs and 12 in-depth interviews. Data was collected by audio tape recorder in Amharic and Gamogna languages and then transcribed to English language. The recorded interviews and focus group discussions were transcribed to verbatim (written text) and thematic analysis was done manually and reported accordingly. Findings: we explored a number of barriers that hindered implementation of trichiasis surgery. The recurrence of trichiasis after surgery was the main challenges faced by operated individuals. The other barriers reported are negative perception towards trichiasis surgery, lack of logistic and supplies, transportation access problem for remote communities, inadequate trained health professional, less commitment from higher officials, lack of interest of integrated eye care workers due to incentive issues, believes of patients waiting supernatural power for healing service and carelessness of patients to undertake operation. Conclusion and recommendation: Post-surgical trichiasis, lack of commitment from government officials and negative perception of patients towards the disease were considered as the reported barriers for implementation of trachomatous trichiasis. Closely supervising the integrated eye care workers would be the first task for district health offices to increase the uptake and improve the quality of service. Logistics and supplies should be made available and adequate to address all affected people in the community. Author summary: Despite the scale-up of surgical services to eliminate blinding trachoma, the current surgical activity is not effectively tackling the backlog. There are limited studies done previously that explore barriers on implementation of trachomatous trichiasis surgery in Ethiopia. Therefore, understanding barriers is fundamental for instituting measures to increase surgical uptake. Hence, reliable population-based data on barriers towards trichiasis surgery implementation is very crucial for planning effective trachoma control programs, for the country like Ethiopia where trachoma ranks the first in the list of high burden countries. Our finding showed that post-surgical trichiasis, lack of commitment from government officials and negative perception of patients towards the disease were considered as the reported barriers for implementation of trachomatous trichiasis. Closely supervising the integrated eye care workers would be the first task for district health offices to increase the uptake and improve the quality of service. Logistics and supplies should be made available and adequate to address all affected people in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Due to the scarcity of spectrum resources, the non‐geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellite constellations, which have achieved rapid development in recent years, have to deal with the challenge of spectral coexistence with geostationary orbit (GSO) satellite systems. OneWeb has put forward the "progressive pitch" strategy for GSO networks protection; however, the technical details are not exposed. Herein, we propose a method to obtain the exact progressive pitch parameters suitable for OneWeb system in terms of the technical route of this strategy. Constrained by GSO satellite system's interference protection criterion, an optimization problem is formulated by mathematical modeling of the spectral coexistence scenario between OneWeb system and a GSO satellite system. This optimization problem is resolved by a set of transformations, and the progressive pitch parameters with less loss of the system service capability are obtained. In addition, numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness of the progressive pitch strategy with our obtained parameters for interference avoidance in most parts of the world, but service blind areas of OneWeb system may appear in some time. Finally, we briefly analyze the causes and elimination ways of the blind areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Audio description is an accessibility service used by blind or visually impaired individuals. Often accompanying movies, television shows, and other visual art forms, the service provides spoken descriptions of visual content, allowing people with vision loss the ability to access information that sighted people obtain visually. At live theatrical events, audio description provides spoken descriptions of scenes, characters, props, and other visual elements that those with vision loss may otherwise find inaccessible. This paper explores a novel approach to automate the creation and deployment of audio description for repeatable live theatrical events, both musical and non-musical. Using readily available tools and established sound-processing techniques, we describe a framework to automate several aspects of audio description for theater. The method uses a reference audio recording and an online time warping algorithm to align audio description with live performances, including a process for handling unexpected interruptions. We also show how a reference audio recording and descriptive tracks can be generated automatically from a show's script and used to facilitate the deployment of audio description without sufficient resources for multiple performances or a live audio describer. Finally, a software implementation that is integrated into an existing theatrical workflow is also described. This system is used in three evaluation experiments that show the method successfully aligns multiple recordings of works of musical theater and non-musical plays in order to automatically trigger pre-recorded, descriptive audio in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the goals of the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) mission is to constrain the interior structure of Mars. We present a hierarchical transdimensional Bayesian approach to extract phase velocity dispersion and interior shear‐wave velocity (VS) models from a single seismogram. This method was adapted to Mars from a technique recently developed for Earth (Xu & Beghein, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz133). Monte Carlo Markov Chains seek an ensemble of one dimensional (1‐D) VS models between a source and a receiver that can explain the observed waveform. The models obtained are used to calculate the phase velocities of fundamental and higher modes at selected periods, and a subsequent analysis is performed to assess which modes were reliably measured. An advantage of our approach is that it can also fit unknown data noise, which reduces the risk of overfitting the data. In addition, uncertainties in the source parameters can be propagated, yielding more accurate model parameter uncertainties. In this study, we first present our technique and discuss the challenges stemming from using a single station to characterize both structure and the source and from the absence of a Mars reference model. We then demonstrate the method feasibility using the Mars Structure Service blind test data and our own synthetic data, which included realistic noise levels based on the noise recorded by InSight. Plain Language Summary: In preparation for the InSight mission that landed on Mars on November 26, 2018, we adapted an algorithm developed for Earth to measure the dependence of the speed of Rayleigh waves with frequency. These waves are useful to constrain the interior structure of planets because of their ability to resolve vertical changes in elastic parameters. This is because data at lower frequencies are sensitive to deeper structure than at higher frequency, a property called dispersion. The original method to measure this dispersion was modified for Mars because of the lack of a good starting interior reference model, and because of the larger uncertainties in estimating the quake parameters with one seismic station only. Here, we explain the method, which involves searching for hundreds of thousands of interior models that can explain the seismic recording and using them to determine the wavespeed as a function of frequency. We provide details about the modifications brought to the original algorithm, and test it on a blind data set provided to the Mars Structure Service team as well as on our own synthetic data set. We show that the method can find the real structure as long as a good starting model is available. Key Points: A Markov Chain Monte Carlo waveform modeling method is presented to measure surface wave dispersion on MarsWe show that the method can recover the input model well provided a good reference modelPrior constraints on crustal thickness and reference model are essential [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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