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Sustainable ecological agriculture is achieved by regulating the benefits of trees. The application of leguminous trees as alley cropping protects and increases soil fertility, improves the quality of water by intercepting pesticides, changes the local climate, improves biodiversity, and thus improves productivity. In order to evaluate the impact of alley cropping upon the growth and productivity attributes of fennel, an experiment was carried out during two seasons. The experiment included eight treatments. Fennel seeds were cultivated between Sesbania alleys and treated with N and endophytic fungi according to the eight treatments. After harvesting the fennel, different parameters were determined and biochemical analyses were conducted. All of the alley cropping treatments showed remarkable superiority in all measures of fennel growth and productivity compared to the sole crop treatment. Among the different alley cropping treatments, applying Sesbania at 4 m spacing with N fertilizer and EF increased most of the studied parameters in terms of the least number of days from planting until harvesting of fennel, herb dry weight, number of umbels, fruit yield, essential oil, N, P, and K content, and pigments. In contrast, the highest plant height was recorded with fennel–Sesbania at 2 m spacing + N fertilizer + EF. Applying fennel–Sesbania at 6 m spacing + N fertilizer + EF treatment resulted in higher stem diameter and increased the number of main branches compared to the other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past century, the world has made a lot of progress and provided comfort in every field of life because of industrialization and the introduction of new technologies. Along with many benefits, industrialization also led to many problems. This industrialization has contaminated the environment including soil, air and water. The addition of heavy metals (lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, etc.) to the soil is hazardous to the ecosystem. Lead is highly contaminating hazardous heavy metal and it is added into the environment by mining, electroplating, pesticides application and discharge of lead batteries. In the current study, the hazardous lead contaminated soil was treated with hyper accumulating Sesbania sesban Linn. plants. To further enhance the growth of S. sesban Linn. and improve its hyper-accumulation ability, a plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was used for the seed priming of Sesbania sesban plants. Under Pb stress, P. aeruginosa exhibited a positive effect on physiological and biochemical properties and antioxidant enzymatic activities of S. sesban. Findings of this study revealed that the inoculation of PGPB improves growth attributes such as relative water content and photosynthetic pigments of S. sesban under Pb stress. Inoculated plants decreased accumulation of MDA, proline, and H2O2. Higher accumulation of sugar and protein contents was also observed in P. aeruginosa inoculated plants. Based on obtained data, it may be concluded that the inoculation of P. aeruginosa can reduce Pb stress in soil and can enhance the growth of S. sesban plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse tree species when employed in agroforestry systems may serve as an alternative to increasing soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. However, it is not clearly known how intercropping maize and banana with Sesbania sesban, Calliandra callothyrsus and Leucaena diversifolia may affect growth of maize and banana. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intercropping agroforestry trees species with maize and banana on the growth, chlorophyll content and yield of maize and banana. Field experiment was laid out at Kenya Agricultural Livestock and Research Organization farm (KALRO) located in Kisii County. The Williams varieties of banana of the same age were obtained from KALRO--Thika and Hybrid seed maize, H513 obtained from Kenya seed company, Kisumu. The agroforestry tree seedlings were spaced: 0.5m by 1m, 0.9m by 0.9m by 0.6m deep and 0.3m by 0.75m between banana and maize respectively. Three replicates were used with seven treatments of Pure maize, pure banana, maize-banana-Calliandra, maize-banana-Leucaena, maizebanana- sesbania, maize-banana and maize-fertilizer, all in a randomized complete block design. Data on maize growth and chlorophyll content was collected at intervals of 2 weeks which commenced 30 days after planting while yield was determined at the end of growing seasons. Data was subjected to the Analysis of Variance. Maize plants and banana that were intercropped with Sesbania sesban had significantly (P≤0.05) highest growth, chlorophyll content and yield compared to other treatments. Therefore, Sesbania sesban is recommended as a suitable agroforestry tree species for intercropping with maize and bananas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic and progressive inflammation condition in the joints, has significantly reduced the patient quality of life and life expectancy. Crucially, there is no complete therapy for this disease, and the current treatments possess numerous side effects. Thus, novel therapeutic approach is necessary. To that end, this study developed novel silk fibroin in-situ hydrogel containing Sesbania sesban L. extract, a plant with high anti-inflammatory actions that are beneficial for rheumatoid arthritis treatments.Methods The hydrogels were manufactured using simple method of spontaneous gelation at different temperature. The gel properties of morphology, gelation time, viscosity, gel strength, stability, drug loading capacity, drug release rate, and in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity were investigated with appropriate methods.Results The optimal formulation had highly porous structure, with a gelation time of 0.5 h at room temperature and bodily temperature of 37 °C, a viscosity of 2530 ± 50 cP, a gel strength of 1880.14 ± 35.10 g, and a physical stability of >6 months. Moreover, the hydrogel contained the Sesbania sesban L. leaf extract with a total phenolic content of 92.8 ± 8.30 mg GAE/g, and sustained the release rate for >20 dạys, followed the Higuchi model. Regarding the in-vitro activities, all formulations were nontoxic to the RAW 264.7 cell line and demonstrated comparable anti-inflammatory activity to the free extract, in terms of the NO reduction levels.Conclusion Conclusively, the systems possessed potential properties to be further investigated to become a prospective rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

In this study, biochar made from the Sesbania sesban plant, under slow pyrolysis at 300°C was used to adsorb methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution. The biochar properties were clarified by diverse analytical methods such as FTIR, SEM, and BET. The results indicated that the surface of biochar was relatively smooth, had porous texture, and stacked evenly. In addition, the biochar had a large specific surface area of 561.8 m2/g and the pHpzc value was 6.9. The effect of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, contact time, and concentration of dye solution on biochar were investigated. The optimum conditions for MB adsorption were found at the MB concentration of 50 mg/L, initial pH of 11, biochar mass of 0.6 mg, and contact time of 30 min. Under these optimal conditions, MB dye removal efficiency was above 90%. Adsorption isotherm data were fitted with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.897) suggesting the adsorption was monolayer, and its maximum adsorption capacity was about 6.6 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic models showed that the linear pseudo-second-order by R2=0.999 was well fitted. The results indicated the enormous potential of Sesbania sesban plant to produce biochar as a low-cost and rather high-effective adsorbent for dye removal from wastewater as well as water quality improvement.

Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. is a multipurpose legume tree grown primarily for fodder and forage in the tropical and subtropical world. In this study, the Sesbania sesban collection maintained in the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) forage Genebank was studied using genome-wide markers generated on the DArTseq platform. Genotyping produced 84,673 and 60,626 SNP and SilicoDArT markers with a mean polymorphic information content of 0.153 and 0.123, respectively. From the generated markers, 7587 and 15,031 highly informative SNP and SilicoDArT markers, respectively, were filtered and used for genetic diversity analysis and subset development. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher variability 'within' (52.73% for SNP markers and 67.36% for SilicoDArT markers) than 'between' accessions. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed the presence of four main clusters in the collection. Mantel correlation analysis showed a lack of relationship between genetic variation of the germplasm and their geographical origin. A representative subset of 34 accessions containing germplasm from diverse origins and agro-ecologies was developed using SNP markers. The genetic diversity information generated in this study could be used for marker-assisted screening for stress tolerance, gap analysis and identification and acquisition of new distinct genotype(s) to broaden the genetic basis of the collection for future improvement programs to develop high-yielding, stress-tolerant varieties for enhancing food and environmental security in crop–livestock-based production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tree pruning is a management tool in agroforestry systems for reducing shade, enhancing nutrient cycling or providing fodder. However, little information is available on the effect of pruning management on plant growth, nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) levels in the roots and N2 fixation of Sesbania sesban. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to assess the effect of pruning frequency on biomass production, NSC levels and N2 fixation of Sesbania sesban. Pruning treatments consisted of a control (PF0), one pruning at 3 months after transplanting (MAT) (PF1), two successive prunings at 3 and 6 MAT (PF2), and three successive prunings at 3, 6 and 9 MAT (PF3), with each pruning removing shoot biomass above 50% of the initial height. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Results showed that increasing pruning frequency resulted in decreased nodulation and nonstructural carbohydrate levels in the roots. Above and below ground biomass, root length, percentage N derived from the atmosphere and amount of N2 fixed were decreased in a similar manner whether plants were successively pruned twice or thrice. It can be concluded that two or three successive prunings in nine months significantly reduce nonstructural carbohydrates, DM productivity and N2 fixation of S. sesban, and might result in supply of insufficient biomass required for improving soil N fertility and livestock production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smallholder farmers influenced from the challenges of production constraints to afford farm family with surplus food. To improve this problem the present study was designed to evaluate legume shrubs hedgerow intercropping with maize. In the present study, the growth performance of Sesbania sesban and Cajanus cajan was evaluated to determine their potential in hedgerow intercropping. The result revealed that Sesbania sesban performs better than Cajanus cajan in terms of biomass provision in the successive pruning, mean height, branching, diameter at breast height and root collar diameter. Biomass produced from Sesbania sesban was significantly higher than Cajanus cajan, this plays great role in soil nutrient improvement and maize yield also increased. There was an increasing trend in soil properties in terms of organic C, total N, in legume treatments especially in Sesbania sesban hedgerow to the initial and control soils. Maize grain yield higher under Sesbania sesban hedgerow plot than Cajanus cajan, maize with fertilizer and control. This should be intensively demonstrated to sustain the agricultural production as an organic farming through integration of easily adapting, less competing with the companion crop, deep rooted and fast growing legume tree/shrub species. Further research is important in areas of determining decomposing rate of different parts, pruned biomass and potential species should be identified.

Himachal Pradesh is a hilly state situated in the heart of Himalaya in the Northern part of India. The state extends between 30°22'40' - 33°12'20" North latitudes and 75°44' 55"-79°04'20" East longitudes. There are large numbers of fungal species in H.P. most which are pathogenic and caused by harmful impact on the crop and plants. But there are some species of fungi which are caused the significant role in the plant growth and prevent the plant from diseases. The most abundant species of fungi which are agriculturally significant found in the Himachal Pradesh are Candida oleophila, Trichoderma harzianum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) ectomycorrhizal fungi. Also, association of fungi with plant helps in defending against plant pathogens that indirectly promotes plant growth. Now day's fungi are used in many regions of the world as a biological pest control. Beneficial fungi play a significant role in numerous physiological processes including minerals and water uptake, stomatal movement, photosynthesis and biosynthesis of compounds and mitigation to environmental stress like heat, salinity, cold and heavy metals. Candida oleophila is a yeast-like fungus which is also obtained from the various fruits skin like papaya, pears, apple etc. Most of the species of Candida are ubiquitous. Trichoderma harzianum species are ubiquitous in nature and found in all climatic zone (including temperate and tropical regions, tundra and Antarctic), nearly all soil types (crop fields, desert and marsh) and unusual niches such as lakes, marine bivalves, air, termites and shell fish. There are several antagonistic mechanism used by Trichoderma, mainly the antibiosis and mycoparasitism where it is used as biocontrol agents directly attack the plant pathogen by secreting lytic enzymes. Glomus fasciculatum found in association with great variety of cultivated plants and plants of natural forest communities. It helps in the increases plant growth and development by improving the rooting of micropropagated plantlets. They contribute to plant nutrition acquisitions by influencing the chemical and microbial ecology of the mycorrhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of green fodders, fresh Sesbania sesban, and reed grass, on growth performance, blood metabolites, and meat quality of growing lambs. Twenty-one male Farafra lambs (19.0 ± 1.87 kg body weight) were randomly distributed into three groups, each with seven animals. The first group was fed on 60% concentrates and 40% fresh alfalfa, and served as a control. The second and third groups were fed also on 60% concentrates plus 40% fresh Sesbania sesban and reed grass, respectively. Lambs were fed the diets until reaching the target slaughter weight of about 50.0 kg, which was obtained after a period of 215 days. Five lambs from each group were randomly selected and slaughtered at the end of the experiment. Slaughter body weight, carcass traits weight, and dressing percentage were estimated. Chemical composition and physical properties of longissimus dorsi muscle, from the animals’ right side, were determined. It was found that no significant (P > 0.05) differences among groups in body weight, average daily gain, feed conversion rate, hot carcass, dressing percentage, and carcass components were observed. The forage intake of Sesbania and alfalfa tended to be higher than that of reed forage. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in the blood parameters among the treatments, except the urea level which was higher in Sesbania sesban group than the reed one. However, the serum urea concentration in Sesbania and reed groups was similar to that of alfalfa. Sesbania sesban and reed forages decreased (P < 0.05) the eye muscle area and shear force in lambs when compared to the control group. The longissimus dorsi muscle of the Sesbania and reed treatments was found to be numerically higher in the moisture and lower in the fat and collagen contents than the alfalfa group. Most of meat and fat color parameters were improved by feeding of Sesbania and reed forages. In conclusion, Sesbania sesban or reed grass, as unconventional forage sources, can be used as alternatives of the commonly used alfalfa feed. Moreover, these sources could enhance the meat quality of lambs and increasing the tenderness with accepted meat and fat color. So, it can be recommended to use Sesbania or reed grass forages in diets of sheep, to overcome the rising in the price or shortage in the availability of traditional green fodders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. is a multipurpose legume tree grown primarily for fodder and forage in the tropical and subtropical world. In this study, the Sesbania sesban collection maintained in the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) forage Genebank was studied using genome-wide markers generated on the DArTseq platform. Genotyping produced 84,673 and 60,626 SNP and SilicoDArT markers with a mean polymorphic information content of 0.153 and 0.123, respectively. From the generated markers, 7587 and 15,031 highly informative SNP and SilicoDArT markers, respectively, were filtered and used for genetic diversity analysis and subset development. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed higher variability ‘within’ (52.73% for SNP markers and 67.36% for SilicoDArT markers) than ‘between’ accessions. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed the presence of four main clusters in the collection. Mantel correlation analysis showed a lack of relationship between genetic variation of the germplasm and their geographical origin. A representative subset of 34 accessions containing germplasm from diverse origins and agro-ecologies was developed using SNP markers. The genetic diversity information generated in this study could be used for marker-assisted screening for stress tolerance, gap analysis and identification and acquisition of new distinct genotype(s) to broaden the genetic basis of the collection for future improvement programs to develop high-yielding, stress-tolerant varieties for enhancing food and environmental security in crop–livestock-based production systems.

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus strain that first surfaced in China in December 2019. New antiviral medications have made significant progress in recent years, and natural products are crucial sources of prospective and new antiviral treatments. Molecular docking methods were used to evaluate various biologically active chemicals contained in an important ayurvedic plant, Sesbania sesban, a perennial legume tree, as possible COVID-19 inhibitors. Two main ayurvedic compositions obtained from the plant are Ratnagiri Rasa and Mahapaisachikaghritam. PyRx software was used to conduct the docking study, which included around 19 compounds tested on two targets. These chemicals could be used to stop COVID-19 from infecting people. The findings show that this screening technique is effective, and that it can lead to quick medication discovery in response to novel infectious diseases. Many chemicals identified from medicinal plants, such as Oleanic acid (-12.2 and - 9.3 kcal/mol), Malonic acid (-7.6 and 7.5 kcal/mol), and Leucocyanidine (-7.3 and -7.1 kcal/mol), are important sources for novel antiviral medicines targeting COVID-19, according to the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatty acid composition and bioactivity of Sesbania sesban seed oils were analyzed. Seeds were milled by a domestic mixer at medium speed to obtain mixture containing germ and endosperm with seed coat. Germ (42.48%), Crude endosperm (26.22%) and seed coat (11.33%) were separated and whole seed along with seed parts subjected to extraction process by hot and cold method with petroleum ether. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed oils were determined and analyzed using Gas-liquid chromatography in which palmitic acid was found in endosperm oil (50.51%) and seed coat oil (30.65%) by cold extraction. Oleic acid was found in seed oil (48.22%) and in germ oil (46.87%) extracted by cold but lower in oils obtained by hot method. Linoleic acid content was found higher in oils extracted by hot extraction. Antioxidant activity was also done of oil from seed and their parts by different methods in which maximum inhibition shown by seed oil 55.45% at 100 μg/mL and minimum in endosperm oil 0.37% at all concentration from hot and cold method, which was significantly different at p<0.05 in the same column.The antimicrobial activity of seed oil was determined by disc diffusion method and the seed coat and whole seed extracted by cold extraction showed significant anti-bacterial activity. Studies reveal the potentiality of seed oil as an alternative source as/in edibles and also prospects the analysed oils of seed parts with useful bioactive markers for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The experiment was conducted using twenty-five Farta sheep to investigate the response of supplementing dried Sesbania sesban leaves (SSL) on feed intake, digestibility, growth performance and carcass characteristics of Farta sheep fed urea-treated rice straw. Twenty-five male Farta sheep with initial body weight of 18.9 ± 1.7 kg (mean ± SD) were used in randomized complete block design with five replications. The treatments were 0 g Sesbania sesban leaves (SSL) (control T 1), 100 g SSL (T 2), 200 g SSL (T 3), 300 g SSL (T 4) and 400 g SSL (T 5). The experiment lasted 90 days of growth and 7 days of digestibility period. All experimental sheep were given urea-treated rice straw ad libitum as basal diet. Chemical composition of diets and refusals, feed intake, digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, carcass yield and quality were recorded. All collected data were analyzed using general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS version 9.1.3. Means were separated using Duncan’s multiple-range test. Correlations among nutrient intakes, weight gain and digestibility of nutrients were analyzed using Pearson linear correlation test. Results Results showed that supplementation of SSL significantly increased (P

Agroforestry (AF) systems have been the focus of numerous research and development projects in southern Africa, yet their adoption rate generally remains low. Employing on-farm, participatory research techniques in southern Malawi, we compared the suitability of three AF-based systems that relay crop the dominant staple, maize (Zea mays), with the perennial legumes Sesbania sesban, Tephrosia vogelii, and Cajanus cajan (pigeonpea). Our secondary objective was to compare two methodologies employed to investigate AF adoption: farming systems based ex ante adoption potential and ex post adoption analysis. Nineteen percent of farmers preferred S. sesban, 26% T. vogelii, and 55% pigeonpea. Between 2001 and 2003, S. sesban adoption ranged from 3 to 6%, T. vogelii from 16 to 20%, and pigeonpea from 76 to 100%. Pigeonpea and T. vogelii were primarily preferred and adopted for their immediate livelihood benefits—a secondary food source in the case of pigeonpea and a fish poison in the case of T. vogelii. Though S. sesban was the most promising in terms of biophysical impacts, many farmers found it labor intensive and its lack of immediate livelihood benefits was a deterrent to adoption. With food insecurity a pervasive hardship in the region, farmers will likely continue to focus on satisfying immediate livelihood needs before prioritizing longer-term soil-quality improvement techniques. Both ex ante adoption potential and ex post adoption analysis contributed distinct and valuable data, and relying on either exclusively would have limited our understanding of the AF systems.

Sesbania cannabina, Sesbania sesban and Sesbania grandiflora Linn is a member of family Fabaceae spread over several countries in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Sesbania aculeata, Sesbania drummondii, Sesbania rostrata and Sesbania speciosa are other members of this family. The objective of this study is macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, chemical characterisation, extraction and in-vitro antioxidant study of phytoactive extracts. Organoleptic characters, extra feature and macroscopical details of all parts of plant were carried out. The powder of leaves of Sesbania cannabina, Sesbania sesban and Sesbania grandiflora leaves was subjected to evaluate its foreign organic matter, moisture content, total ash value, water-soluble ash value, acid-insoluble ash value, water-soluble extractive value, alcohol soluble extractive value. The n-butanol extracts of Sesbania cannabina, Sesbania sesban and Sesbania grandiflora leaves were subjected to TLC with a suitable solvent system for better separation of the components. TLC observations extracts confirms different secondary metabolites like flavonoids, Glycoside, tannins, saponins and phenolic compounds. Moreover, the TLC of flavonoid, saponins and glycosides was well resolved and indicated the presence in a higher amount. For the phytoactive extracts in-vitro antioxidant study was studied and found to be showed a good activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The release of harmful wastes via different industrial activities is the main cause of heavy metal toxicity. The present study was conducted to assess the effects of heavy metal stress on the plant growth traits, antioxidant enzyme activities, chlorophyll content and proline content of Sesbania sesban with/without the inoculation of heavy-metal-tolerant Bacillus gibsonii and B. xiamenensis. Both PGP strains showed prominent ACC-deaminase, indole acetic acid, exopolysaccharides production and tolerance at different heavy metal concentrations (50–1000 mg/L). Further, in a pot experiment, S. sesban seeds were grown in contaminated and noncontaminated soils. After harvesting, plants were used for the further analysis of growth parameters. The experiment comprised of six different treatments. The effects of heavy metal stress and bacterial inoculation on the plant root length; shoot length; fresh and dry weight; photosynthetic pigments; proline content; antioxidant activity; and absorption of metals were observed at the end of the experiment. The results revealed that industrially contaminated soils distinctly reduced the growth of plants. However, both PGPR strains enhanced the root length up to 105% and 80%. The shoot length was increased by 133% and 75%, and the fresh weight was increased by 121% and 129%. The proline content and antioxidant enzymes posed dual effects on the plants growing in industrially contaminated soil, allowing them to cope with the metal stress, which enhanced the plant growth. The proline content was increased up to 190% and 179% by the inoculation of bacterial strains. Antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, increased to about 216% and 245%, while POD increased up to 48% and 49%, respectively. The results clearly show that the utilized PGPR strains might be strong candidates to assist S. sesban growth under heavy metal stress conditions. We highly suggest these PGPR strains for further implementation in field experiments.

This experiment was conducted to investigate effect of dried Sesbania sesban leaves supplementation on milk yield, feed intake and digestibility of Holstein Frisian X Zebu (Arado) crossbred dairy cows. Twelve cows at midlactation (155.83 ± 4.49 days of lactation), second parity, and 442.21 ± 3.40 kg average live body weight were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments according to a randomized complete block design. Cows were blocked according to their daily milk yield into three blocks of four animals each. Cows were fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 1.25 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves, 2 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves and 2.75 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves on a dry matter basis for 8 weeks. Total dry matter intake, nutrient intake, milk yield, dry matter digestibility, and nutrient digestibility showed significant variation among treatments. Cows supplemented with the highest level of Sesbania sesban (2.75 kg/day) had higher total dry matter and nutrient intake. Similarly, cows supplemented with 2 and 2.75 kg/day had higher milk yield than the nonsupplemented cows (up to 11.3 and 16.2%, respectively). Digestibility was lower for the nonsupplemented cows compared to cows supplemented with 2 and 2.75 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves but statistically similar to the cows supplemented with 1.25 kg/day dried Sesbania sesban leaves. Supplementation with 2.75 kg/day Sesbania sesban resulted in higher organic matter digestibility (OMD) compared to the control. Crude protein digestibility (CPD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD) were significantly affected by Sesbania sesban supplementation. The nonsupplemented cows had lower CPD, NDFD, and ADFD. These results indicate that dried Sesbania sesban leaves supplementation to dairy increases total DM intake, digestibility, and milk yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Rhizobium sp. Td3 is a Sesbania plant growth promoting, Cajanus cajan nodulating rhizobia. Studying its whole genome was important as it is a potent phosphate solubilizer with constitutive gluconic acid production ability through operation of the periplasmic glucose oxidation pathway even under conditions of catabolite repression. This is in contrast to the other explored phosphate solubilizers. Rhizobial isolates sequenced so far are known to lack components of the direct glucose oxidation pathway and cannot produce gluconic acid on its own. Here, we present the genome sequence of Rhizobium sp. Td3. Genome comprises of a single chromosome of size 5,606,547 bp (5.6 Mb) with no symbiotic plasmid. Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae USDA2370 was the closest whole genome known. 109 genes responsible for diverse plant growth promoting activities like P solubilization, synthesis of acetoin, nitric oxide, indole-3 acetic acid, exopolysaccharide, siderophore and trehalose have been identified. Flagellar proteins, genes encoding antibiotic and metal resistance, enzymes required for combating oxidative stress as well as attachment and colonization in the plant rhizosphere are also present. Availability of genome sequence of such a versatile plant growth promoting agent will help in exploiting all the phyto-beneficial traits of Td3 for its use as a biofertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Bio MoO 3 was synthesized from Sesbania sesban plant. • A novel schiff base ligand and its copper nanocomplex was prepared under Ultrasonic irradiation. • First bio-nanocomposite based on natural plants was obtained. • Catalytic activity of it was investigated using H 2 O 2 under solvent free condition and ultrasonic irradiation. Abstract MoO 3 nanoparticles were obtained using Sesbania sesban. Novel Schiff base ligand and its nanocomplex of copper were synthesized under ultrasonic irradiation. First MoO 3 /Copper Schiff base complex nanocomposite (NMCS) based on this natural plant was prepared and characterized by TEM, SEM, AFM, FT-IR, TGA, EDAX and elemental analysis. Then atom-efficient and selective oxidation of alcohols using hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by NMCS bio-nanocomposite under ultrasonic irradiation was reported. Structurally diverse set of alcohols was transformed into desired aldehyde and ketone products with high conversion and excellent selectivity under solvent free conditions. Products were isolated easily from green media, and the catalyst could be reused six times without any appreciable decrease in catalytic activity and selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an ecofriendly and economic strategy for synthesize of CuO and Co3O4 were developed using extracted Sesbania sesban solution (ESS) as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and bioreactor. These novel nano metal oxides (NMOs) were characterized by high-resolution-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), EDAX thermo gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Morphology and size of them were investigated by TEM and the average sizes of for spherical CuO and Co3O4 nanoparticles are 20-40 and 15-30 nm, respectively. The XRD and EDAX confirmed the high purity for NMOs. The thermal behaviors of the NMOs exhibited good crystallographic stability within the investigated temperature range. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of NMOs were investigated and compared to manganese(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin complex/Ag nanocomposite (Ag/P nanocomposite) synthesizing by ESS. The results obtained from this work showed that copper(II) oxide, cobalt oxide nanoparticles, and Ag/P nanocomposite have DPPH scavenging activity. On the other hand, NMOs have no antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacterial strains. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while Ag/P nanocomposite showed the antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal & Poultry Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Self-organized organic nanoporphyrins were synthesized in the presence of bio silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using extracted Sesbania sesban plant (ESS). For this novel nanohybrid, [(Ag/MnP)NPs], with the size of 15 nm, manganese (III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin complex (MnP) was used along with host-guest solvent methods. This nanobiomaterial was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–vis spectroscopy. The effects of MnP amount, AgNPs amount, and presence of ESS on the morphology and size of nanohybrid were investigated by SEM. The application of it was evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation of alcohols by tetra-n-butylammonium peroxomonosulfate (TB) as an oxidant. Catalysts could be easily reused without noticeable loss of activity and the oxidant's by-product could also be recycled. According to the turnover numbers, the high stability and activity of (Ag/MnP)NPs were observed in the absence of ESS to compare to those synthesized in the presence of ESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A pot experiment was carried out to assess Cd uptake and accumulation efficiency of Sesbania sesban. Plants were grown in soil spiked with 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/kg Cd. After 120 days, plants were harvested and analyzed for Cd content. A steady increase in Cd accumulation with increasing metal concentration in soil was observed for all treatments. Accumulation of Cd was greatest in roots (86.7 ± 6.3 mg/kg), followed by stem (18.59 ± 1.9 mg/kg), and leaf (3.16 ± 1.1 mg/kg). Chlorophyll content declined with increasing Cd concentration, while proline and protein content increased as compared to control. At higher Cd levels, root, shoot length, and biomass were all significantly reduced ( p ≤ 0.001). An increase in total protein along with greater A/A value suggested an increase in metal-protein complexes. Considering the rapid growth, high biomass, accumulation efficiency, and adaptive properties, this plant could be used as a valuable tool for the phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr is a perennial N-fixing tree with high potential for use in agricultural production systems as a green manure and livestock forage. We studied the interactive effects of soil type and water level on the growth, biomass allocation, nutrient and mineral content of S. sesban. Four-week old seedlings of S. sesban were grown for 49 days ( n = 5) in a factorial mesocosm set-up with six soil types (sediment, sand, alluvial, acid-sulfate, saline and clay) and three water levels (drained, water-saturated and flooded). The soils tested represent the predominant alluvial soil types of the Mekong delta, Vietnam. Sesbania sesban grew well with relative growth rates (RGR) around 0.08 g g d in all studied soil types, except the saline soil where plants died. In the low-pH (3.9) acid sulfate soil, that constitute more than 40 % of the Mekong delta, the RGR of the plants was slightly lower (0.07 g g d), foliar concentration of calcium was 3-6 times lower, and concentrations of iron and sodium up to five times higher, than in other soils. The nutrient and mineral contents of the plant tissues differed between the soils and were also affected by the flooding levels. Foliar concentrations of nitrogen (50-74 mg N g dry mass) and phosphorus (5-9 mg P g dry mass) were, however, generally high and only slightly affected by water level. The results show that S. sesban can grow well and with high growth rates on most wet soils in the Mekong delta, except saline soils where the high salt content prevents establishment and growth. The nutrient and mineral contents of the plants, and hence the nutritional value of the plants as e.g. fodder or compost crops, is high. However, soil type and water level interactively affect growth and tissue composition. Hence, optimal growth conditions for S. sesban differ in the different regions of the Mekong delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renal protective effect of the aqueous extract of Sesbania sesban leaves (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were studied. Diabetic rats showed severe hyperglycemia with marked increase in proteinuria and albuminuria. Thye aqueous extract reduced proteinuria, albuminuria, lipid and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) deposition in diabetic rats. Histopathology studies on kidneys of diabetic rats revealed severe increase in mesangial cells and matrix of glomeruli with hyaline thickening of some arteriole wall, resulted from selective albuminuria and proteinuria. These changes are inhibited by the extract and glibenclamide. These results suggested that aqueous extract of S. sesban has reduced development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.