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UNLABELLED: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are indispensable biotechnology facilities for modern cities and play an essential role in modern urban infrastructure by employing microorganisms to remove pollutants in wastewater, thus protecting public health and the environment. This study conducted a 13-month bacterial community survey of six full-scale WWTPs in Hong Kong with samples of influent, activated sludge (AS), and effluent to explore their synchronism and asynchronism of bacterial community. Besides, we compared AS results of six Hong Kong WWTPs with data from 1,186 AS amplicon data in 269 global WWTPs and a 9-year metagenomic sequencing survey of a Hong Kong WWTP. Our results showed the compositions of bacterial communities varied and the bacterial community structure of AS had obvious differences across Hong Kong WWTPs. The co-occurrence analysis identified 40 pairs of relationships that existed among Hong Kong WWTPs to show solid associations between two species and stochastic processes took large proportions for the bacterial community assembly of six WWTPs. The abundance and distribution of the functional bacteria in worldwide and Hong Kong WWTPs were examined and compared, and we found that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria had more diversity than nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Besides, Hong Kong WWTPs could make great contributions to the genome mining of microbial dark matter in the global wanted list. Operational parameters had important effects on OTUs abundance, such as the temperature to the genera of Tetrasphaera, Gordonia and Nitrospira. All these results obtained from this study can deepen our understanding of the microbial ecology in WWTPs and provide foundations for further studies. IMPORTANCE: Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are an indispensable component of modern cities, as they can remove pollutants in wastewater to prevent anthropogenic activities. Activated sludge (AS) is a fundamental wastewater treatment process and it harbors a highly complex microbial community that forms the main components and contains functional groups. Unveiling who is there is a long-term goal of the research on AS microbiology. High-throughput sequencing provides insights into the inventory diversity of microbial communities to an unprecedented level of detail. At present, the analysis of communities in WWTPs usually comes from a specific WWTP and lacks comparisons and verification among different WWTPs. The wide-scale and long-term sampling project and research in this study could help us evaluate the AS community more accurately to find the similarities and different results for different WWTPs in Hong Kong and other regions of the world.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become a valuable tool for monitoring the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 on university campuses. However, concerns about effectiveness of raw sewage as a COVID-19 early warning system still exist, and its not clear how useful normalization by simultaneous comparison of Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) is in addressing variations resulting from fecal discharge dilution. This study aims to contribute insights into these aspects by conducting an academic-year field trial at the student residences on the University of Tennessee, Knoxville campus, raw sewage. This was done to investigate the correlations between SARS-CoV-2 RNA load, both with and without PMMoV normalization, and various parameters, including active COVID-19 cases, self-isolations, and their combination among all student residents. Significant positive correlations between SARS-CoV-2 RNA load a week prior, during the monitoring week, and the subsequent week with active cases. Despite these correlations, normalization by PMMoV does not enhance these associations. These findings suggest the potential utility of SARS-CoV-2 RNA load as an early warning indicator and provide valuable insights into the application and limitations of WBE for COVID-19 surveillance specifically within the context of raw sewage on university campuses.

Background: Poliovirus is a highly infectious enterovirus (EV) that primarily affects children and can lead to lifelong paralysis or even death. Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) are a great threat since they are derived from the attenuated virus in the Oral Poliovirus Vaccine (OPV) and can mutate to a more virulent form. The purpose of this study was to identify VDPV serotype 2 through the year 2020–2021 via surveillance of sewage samples collected from different localities and governorates in Egypt and stool specimens from Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases. Both were collected through the national poliovirus surveillance system and according to the guidelines recommended by the WHO. Methods: A total of 1266 sewage samples and 3241 stool samples from January 2020 to December 2021 were investigated in the lab according to World Health Organization (WHO) protocol for the presence of Polioviruses by cell culture, molecular identification of positive isolates on L20B cell line was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). Any positive isolates for Poliovirus type 2 and isolates suspected of Vaccine Derived Poliovirus Type 1 and type 3 screened by (VDPV1) or Vaccine Poliovirus Type 3 (VDPV3) assay in RT-PCR were referred for VP1 genetic sequencing. Results: The outbreak was caused by circulating VDPV2 (cVDPV2) strains started in January 2021. By the end of February 2021, a total of 11 cVDPV2s were detected in sewage samples from six governorates confirming the outbreak situation. One additional cVDPV2 was detected later in the sewage sample from Qena (June 2021). The first and only re-emergence of VDPV2 in stool samples during the outbreak was in contact with Luxor in June 2021. By November 2021, a total of 80 VDPVs were detected. The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), in collaboration with the WHO, responded quickly by launching two massive vaccination campaigns targeting children under the age of five. Additionally, surveillance systems were strengthened to detect new cases and prevent further spread of the virus. Conclusion: The continued threat of poliovirus and VDPVs requires ongoing efforts to prevent their emergence and spread. Strategies such as improving immunization coverage, using genetically stable vaccines, and establishing surveillance systems are critical to achieving global eradication of poliovirus and efficient monitoring of VDPVs outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study modified cellulose based adsorbent was prepared from Populus nigra plant, and used for elimination of metaldehyde (herbicide) from model waste water. The adsorbent was characterized through analytical technique such as FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD for structural adsorption related parameters. The results of SEM showed the suitability of the material to be used as adsorbent and FTIR showed successful crosslinking of polyvinyl alcohol into cellulose structure. In order to get maximum reclamation benefits from adsorbent it was subjected to a number of tests evaluating the effect of metaldehyde concentration, sorbent dose, contact time, initial pH of solution and temperature. The maximum removal of 70 % was achieved under conditions of 80 mg/L metaldehyde concentration, 60 min contact time, pH of 8, 0.08 g sorbent dosage, and room temperature (25 °C). The Langmuir isotherm model with correlation coefficients of 0.9855 and maximum adsorption capacity recorded was 8.32 mg/g, while excellent agreement was shown by kinetic data with pseudo second order kinetic model with R 2 = 0.9876. Thermodynamic study indicated enthalpy change (ΔH° = −129 kJ/mol) to be negative, entropy change (ΔS° = 161.7 j/mol) positive, and the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) as negative showing that the process to be exothermic and feasible/spontaneous with an increase of randomness at solid liquid interface. The finding indicated that modified cellulose could be used as an efficient adsorbent for removal of metaldehyde from model waste water. However, further validation with other pollutants will be helpful in checking reproducibility of the present findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study assessed the capability of Tetradesmus sp. NITD18, a green algal strain collected from the run-off water of a gas producing industry at Durgapur, for removing p-nitrophenol (PNP) from synthetic wastewater. The maximum removal efficiency of 59.64 ± 0.30 % was observed at an initial PNP concentration of 5 mg/L, initial pH 7, inoculum size of 15 % (v/v), and an incubation period of 15 days. The effect of pH (7–12) and inoculum sizes (5–15 %) on the removal of PNP using the test strain was assessed by varying these parameters judiciously. The results suggested that the Tetradesmus sp. NITD18 strain has considerable potential for PNP removal from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Achieving a more circular and efficient use of nutrients found in human excreta and domestic (municipal) wastewater is an integral part of mitigating aquatic nutrient pollution and nutrient insecurity. A synthesis of research trends readily available to various stakeholders is much needed. This systematic map collates and summarizes scientific research on technologies that facilitate the recovery and reuse of plant nutrients and organic matter found in human excreta and domestic wastewater. We present evidence in a way that can be navigated easily. We hope this work will help with the uptake and upscaling of new and innovative circular solutions for the recovery and reuse of nutrients. Methods: The systematic map consists of an extension of two previous related syntheses. Searches were performed in Scopus and Web of Science in English. Records were screened on title and abstract, including consistency checking. Coding and meta-data extraction included bibliographic information, as well as recovery pathways. The evidence from the systematic map is embedded in an online evidence platform that, in an interactive manner, allows stakeholders to visualize and explore the systematic map findings, including knowledge gaps and clusters. Results: The evidence base includes a total of 10 950 articles describing 11 489 recovery pathways. Most of the evidence base is about recovery technologies (41.9%) and the reuse of recovered products in agriculture (53.4%). A small proportion of the evidence base focuses on the characteristics of recovered products (4.0%) and user acceptance and perceptions of nutrient recovery and reuse (0.7%). Conclusions: Most studies we mapped focused on nutrient recovery from 'conventional' systems, that is, from centralized sewer and wastewater treatment systems that produce biosolids and a treated effluent. While we also found substantial research on nutrient recovery from source-separated urine, and to some extent also on nutrient recovery from source-separated excreta (notably blackwater), the body of research on nutrient recovery from source-separated feces was relatively small. Another knowledge gap is the relative lack of research on the recovery of potassium. More research is also needed on user acceptance of different recovery technologies and recovered products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in environmental matrices is considered one of the major scientific concerns. Most of these substances are disposed of unchanged through wastewater treatment plants and sewage systems. Consequently, they are continuously introduced into the water systems and progressively contaminate surface, ground and drinking water. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a large number of emerging contaminants including parabens were released to the environment through various routes. In this study, the occurrence of parabens (methylparaben (MePB), ethylparaben (EtPB), propylparaben (PrPB), and butylparaben (BuPB) was investigated in wastewater samples from various wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and the receiving surface waters in KwaZulu Natal and Gauteng Provinces (South Africa). Methods: The samples were collected between October 2020 and December 2021, covering the 2nd, 3rd and 4th waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. A solid phase extraction protocol with high-performance liquid chromatography was used to extract and enrich parabens before analysis. Results and Discussion: Methylparaben (2.02-84.7 μg/L), EtPB (<0.24-24.8 μg/L), PrPB (<0.26-55.1 μg/L), and BuPB (<0.27-17.3 μg/L) were quantified in wastewater influent collected WWTPs of KwaZulu Natal Province. While <0.19-5.43 μg/L, <0.16-5.63 μg/L, <0.17-6.89 μg/L, and <0.19-5.32 μg/L for MePB, EtPB, PrPB, and BuPB, respectively, were quantified in effluent wastewater from the same province. The concentrations of MePB, EtPB, PrPB, and BuPB in influent wastewater from Gauteng Province were 2.58-123 μg/L, <0.24-33.6 μg/L, 3.77-73.4 μg/L and <0.27-85.8 μg/L, respectively. In effluent wastewater, concentrations ranging from 0.24-17.76 μg/L (MePB), <0.16-4.88 μg/L (EtPB), 0.69-12.5 μg/L (PrPB), and <0.19-4.726 μg/L (BuPB) were quantified. During the 4th wave, the concentrations of parabens in surface water were lower compared to the second and third waves of the pandemic. In general, the paraben residues in the surface of KwaZulu Natal Province (<0.08-16.4 μg/L) were higher than those in Gauteng Province (0.08-3.14 µg/L). Methylparaben and propylparaben were dominant in all investigated samples (wastewater and surface water), followed by ethylparaben. The ecotoxicological risk assessment was carried out for aquatic biota, which was estimated in terms of risk quotients (RQs). RQs for the target compounds in river water indicated that MePB and EtPB pose low risk, whereas PrPB and BuPB pose low to medium risk to aquatic organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, two types of cationic lignin‐based adsorbents (AL‐METAC and AL‐GTA) were prepared through free radical polymerization or etherification reaction of alkali lignin with 2,3‐epoxypropyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chloride or methylacrylloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC). The contents of quaternary ammonium groups in the adsorbents were adjusted by changing the dosages of 2,3‐epoxypropyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chloride and METAC to fabricate the adsorbents with excellent adsorption capacity. The structures, aqueous solubility, and physical properties of adsorbents were analyzed. Meanwhile, the effects of adsorbents dosage, pH value of solution, temperature, and ionic strength on the adsorption capacity of adsorbents were also analyzed. These two types of adsorbents exhibited outstanding affinity for phosphate, with a maximum removal efficiency of 51.8 and 73.2 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption processes followed pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir models well. In addition, the AL‐GTA exhibited higher removal efficiency than AL‐METAC. Moreover, the AL‐METAC and AL‐GTA still retained 69.7% and 69.0% adsorption capacity after four times regeneration. The fabricated lignin‐based adsorbents have potential applications in the removal of phosphate from wastewater, which would promote the high‐value application of lignin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water scarcity and droughts are among the most challenging issues worldwide, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions like Saudi Arabia. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), a major crop in Saudi Arabia, is being significantly affected by water scarcity, soil salinity, and desertification. Alternative water sources are needed to conserve freshwater resources and increase date palm production in Saudi Arabia. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia has a significant number of aquaculture farms that generate substantial amounts of wastewater, which can be utilized as an alternative source of irrigation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential of aquaculture wastewater as an alternative irrigation source for date palm orchards. Aquaculture wastewater was collected from 12 different farms (Al-Kharj, Al-Muzahmiya, and Al-Qassim regions, Saudi Arabia) and its quality was analyzed. The impacts of aquaculture wastewater irrigation on soil quality, nutrient availability, nutrient status of date palm trees, and dates fruit quality were assessed in comparison to source water (freshwater) irrigation at Al-Kharj, Al-Muzahmiya, and Al-Qassim regions. The water quality analyses showed higher salinity (EC = 3.31 dSm−1) in farm Q3, while all other farms demonstrated no salinity, sodicity, or alkalinity hazards. Moreover, the aquaculture wastewater irrigation increased soil available P, K, NO3−–N, and NH4+–N by 49.31%, 21.11%, 33.62%, and 52.31%, respectively, compared to source water irrigation. On average, date palm fruit weight, length, and moisture contents increased by 26%, 23%, and 43% under aquaculture wastewater irrigation compared to source water irrigation. Further, P, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents in date palm leaf were increased by 19.35%, 34.17%, 37.36%, 38.24%, and 45.29%, respectively, under aquaculture wastewater irrigation compared to source water irrigation. Overall, aquaculture wastewater irrigation significantly enhanced date palm plant growth, date palm fruit quality, and soil available nutrients compared to freshwater irrigation. It was concluded that aquaculture wastewater can be used as an effective irrigation source for date palm farms as it enhances soil nutrient availability, date palm growth, and date fruit yield and quality. The findings of this study suggest that aquaculture wastewater could be a viable alternative for conserving freshwater resources and increase date palm production in Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Free‐living marine nematodes play crucial roles in the benthic ecosystem and serve as valuable bioindicators for monitoring environmental stress. We explore the community structure of free‐living marine nematodes in the beach ecosystem near Bandar Abbas port city of Iran. The research focused on assessing the impact of domestic and industrial influences during winter and summer seasons in 2018 and 2019. Three coastal locations, namely KhurGursuzan (KG), Power Plant (PP), and Resalat (RE), were sampled, with KG under domestic wastewater influence, PP characterized by industrial activities, and RE serving as the control site. A total of 41 nematode genera were identified during the study, and dominant genera varied across locations, namely, Daptonema, Sabatieria, Promonhystera, Ptycholaimellus, and Eleutherolaimus at KG; Spirinia, Chromadorina, Terschellingia, Eleutherolaimus, and Promonhystera at PP; and Oncholaimus, Pomponema, Viscosia, Ptycholaimellus, Daptonema, and Eleutherolaimus at RE. These dominant genera accounted for 80% of the total nematode community during the sampling periods. The study revealed significant differences in abundance and genus diversity among the sites, with pollution‐affected sites exhibiting the lowest nematode diversity. Sediment granulometry showed a positive correlation with genus diversity across the sites, and the structure of the nematode assemblage was negatively influenced by polychlorinated biphenyls and total organic matter. Surprisingly, the spatial patterns in nematode assemblage structure and diversity remained consistent across both studied years. These findings contribute to our understanding of marine ecosystem health and the role of free‐living nematodes as bioindicators in the Persian Gulf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, calcined Ni/Mo hydrotalcite was prepared via co-precipitation method and used as a sorbent for efficient removal of lead from aqueous solutions. The Pb2+ removal efficiency reached 99% at pH 6 and a sorbent dose of 2 g/L. The equilibrium data were satisfactorily fitted by the Langmuir and Hill models with a maximum capacity of 196.87 mg/g, indicating the monolayer sorption for lead over calcined Ni/Mo hydrotalcite. The Pb2+ sorption kinetic follows a pseudo-second-order reaction due to high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.99), while the Boyd's plots confirm the external mass transfer as the rate-limiting step in the Pb2+ sorption. The temperature effect indicated a spontaneous and exothermic Pb2+ uptake. Mechanisms involved in the removal process include surface precipitation, diffusion into the solid pores and isomorphic substitution with Ni2+ of the sheets. The results showed excellent selectivity for Pb2+ removal from multi-divalent cation solutions and good reusability of the sorbent for up to 10 consecutive sorption–regeneration cycles without significant loss of the removal efficiency. As an application, the treatment of wastewater containing Pb2+, generated from the battery industry has been undertaken. The Pb2+ concentration was reduced from 5.7 to 0.6 mg/L, corresponding to an abatement of 89.5%. Therefore, the sorption using calcined Ni/Mo hydrotalcite is an efficient and suitable method for the elimination of Pb2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacterial activity of microbial components aggregated by wastewater treatment can reduce dependence on fossil fuel-derived fertilisers. This study describes the isolation and identification of bacteria from microalgae-bacteria flocs (MaB-flocs) generated in high-rate algal oxidation ponds (HRAOP) of an integrated algal pond system (IAPS) remediating municipal wastewater. Amplified 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis determined the molecular identity of the individual strains. Genetic relatedness to known PGP rhizobacteria in the NCBI GenBank database was by metagenomics. Isolated strains were screened for the production of indoles (measured as indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) and an ability to mineralise ${\rm NH}_4^ +$ NH 4 + , ${\rm PO}_4^{3-}$ PO 4 3 − , and K +. Of the twelve bacterial strains isolated from HRAOP MaB-flocs, four produced indoles, nine mineralised ${\rm NH}_4^ +$ NH 4 + , seven solubilised P, and one K. Potential of isolated strains for PGP activity according to one-way ANOVA on ranks was: ECCN 7b > ECCN 4b > ECCN 6b > ECCN 3b = ECCN 10b > ECCN 1b = ECCN 5b > ECCN 8b > ECCN 2b > ECCN 12b > ECCN 9b = ECCN 11b. Further study revealed that cell-free filtrate from indole-producing cultures of Aeromonas strain ECCN 4b, Enterobacter strain ECCN 7b, and Arthrobacter strain ECCN 6b promoted mung bean adventitious root formation suggestive of the presence of auxin-like biological activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraplate earthquakes induced by anthropogenic fluid injection present unexpected seismic risk to previously quiescent or low seismicity-rate regions. Despite many studies of induced seismicity, there are relatively few with detailed openly accessible constraints on the interaction between seismic sources and subsurface structures. In this study of the Raton Basin, we refine source observations from a dense nodal array and constrain basin structure using teleseismic receiver functions. The cross-correlation-based relocated hypocentres and a new set of focal mechanisms light up active fault segments and show clear spatiotemporal patterns. The geometric complexity of reactivated fault clusters appears greatest near higher rate injection wells. Simpler normal fault structure is found farther from injection wells and near abrupt structural transitions suggested by receiver functions. While less induced seismicity in the crystalline basement is expected when injection is >1 km from the top of the basement (like Raton), our receiver function analysis identified a basin thickness ~3 km beneath the nodal array and lateral variations in sedimentary structures. Our results explain potential fluid connectivity between the injection depths focused at ~1–1.5 km below the surface and basement fault activity that begins at ~3 km and reaches peak activity at ~4–8 km depths. This article is part of the theme issue 'Induced seismicity in coupled subsurface systems'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAntibiotics, posing a major threat to life on earth and water causing propagation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistant mutant genes. Traces of these antibiotic toxins are found both in aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystem. Various techniques, that is, ozonation, membrane filtration, Fenton process, etc., are applied for their removal but have many shortcomings, so adsorption is picked as efficient, simple and relatively safe removal technique. This review article discusses the classification of antibiotics, effect of their unnecessary application and removal methods of their remnants from water sources. Also, compares adsorptive removal of antibiotics remnant with other primitive and advance techniques, suggesting adsorption as one of the effective techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban runoff appears to be a pathway for transferring new emerging pollutants from land-based sources to the aquatic environment. This paper aimed to identify and describe the groups of pollutants present in rainwater surface runoff as well as their mixture with wastewater in the combined sewer system from urbanized catchments and to determine the correlations between these pollutants. Four leading groups of new emerging pollutants have been identified that may be present in rainwater and municipal wastewater mixtures. The samples were tested for microplastics, phthalic acid esters, pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as well as basic parameters. The pilot site was Słupsk (northwestern Poland). We conducted nine sampling campaigns at three points. The results of the present study revealed that (i) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were not present in the tested samples; (ii) the selected organochlorine pesticides were detected during one campaign in the dry season and therefore were not of critical importance; (iii) out of the 11 analyzed phthalic acid esters, five selected substances released from commonly used plastic products were present; and (iv) the number of microplastics contained in the tested samples ranged from 1,400 to 14,036 pcs/L and even occurred during pure rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics are a growing environmental threat and wastewater treatment plants have been identified as significant conduits for these pollutants. This study addresses microplastic loading in the influent of a large urban wastewater treatment plant, presenting a detailed analysis of their prevalence and characteristics. Our findings reveal a concentration of 4.09 microplastic particles per litre in the tributary. We performed a detailed statistical comparison of the microplastic particles, categorising them by shape, size, colour, and polymer type. Using Fourier transform total reflectance infrared spectroscopy, we identified 13 different polymer types, with polyethylene terephthalate, rubber, and polyethylene predominating. The analysis showed that textile fibres, mainly from clothing, are the most prevalent form of microplastic in wastewater, followed by fragments from the breakdown of larger plastic objects and films. This research highlights the critical need for strategic interventions to mitigate microplastic pollution at municipal sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic and membrane technologies are a promising combination to decrease the energy consumption associated with wastewater treatment, allowing the recovery of resources: organic matter as biomethane, nutrient assimilation by microalgae and reclaimed water. In this study, domestic wastewater was treated using a combination of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket sludge reactor (UASB) and a membrane photobioreactor (MPBR). The outdoor facilities were operated continuously for three months under unfavourable environmental conditions such as lack of temperature control, winter season with lower solar irradiation and lower daylight hours which was a challenge for the present work, not previously described. The energetic valorisation of the organic matter present in the wastewater by biomethane produced in the UASB would contribute to reducing overall facilities' energy requirements. The ultrafiltration (UF) membrane facilitated the harvesting of biomass, operating at 10 L·h−1·m−2 during the experimental period. Although the main contribution to fouling was irreversible, chemical cleanings were not necessary due to effective fouling control, which prevented the final TMP from exceeding 25 kPa. In addition, microalgae-bacterial consortium developed without prior inoculation were harvested from the MPBR using membrane assistance. The obtained biomass was also successfully tested as a biostimulant for corn germination/growth, as well as a biopesticide against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising widespread oil‐impacted wastewater warrants an urgent call for innovative approaches to the handling of oily wastewater. A variety of techniques has been investigated to treat oil‐impacted water, and they are found to be inefficient. Electrospun nanofibers emerge as the viable technique to treat oily wastewater precisely owing to their high specific surface areas and interconnected nanoscale pore structures. In this review, a brief background on the study is provided followed by the environmental pollution by the oily wastewater. Subsequent to that, the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) modification methods are also presented followed by the physicochemical properties of both the electrospun PVDF blends and the PVDF‐based composites. Furthermore, the performances of the PVDF‐based composites in oil/water separation are described. It is concluded with the future prospects for using PVDF‐based composites for oil/water separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health of the public and environment may suffer significantly when solid waste is dumped in unmanaged landfills. The primary concern is the risk of pollution caused by leachate from landfill sites migrating into surface waters, & groundwater. In India, handling the leachates from landfills is a significant environmental and financial issue. Owing to the rapid urbanization, industrialization, and population increase, a variety of by-products are produced from day-to-day living and are frequently disposed of carelessly, creating serious environmental issues. This study evaluates the environmental risks to groundwater that leachate from municipal solid waste landfills poses. In order to assess the degree and kind of groundwater contamination, the research uses a thorough analytical methodology that integrates hydrogeological, geochemical, and microbiological examinations. To ascertain the physicochemical characteristics of leachate, including heavy metal concentrations, three landfill sites in Deonar, Mulund, and Malad were chosen. Landfill leachate samples were taken from three municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and examined for 22 trace contaminants that are frequently found in surface and municipal wastewater effluents. It was discovered that the Deonar dump site was far more polluted than the Malad and Mulund garbage sites. The leachate pollution index was used to assess the toxicity hazard of the dumpsites; values of 20.41, 23.42, and 23.52 were found for the landfill sites in Mulund, Malad, and Deonar, respectively. This study will provide valuable insights into the present state of groundwater contamination around Mumbai landfills. Furthermore, by identifying the precise contaminants causing groundwater degradation, thorough research will facilitate the development of tailored mitigation plans. The study's findings are anticipated to have a significant impact on urban planning and policy decisions about sustainable waste management techniques, with a particular focus on groundwater resource conservation and public health in Mumbai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-level erythromycin (ERY) fermentation wastewater will pose serious threats to lake environments. Anaerobic digestion (AD) has advantages in treating high-level antibiotic wastewater. However, the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbial communities in AD after stepwise exposure to high-level ERY remains unclear. In this study, an AD reactor was first exposed to 0, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L ERY and then re-exposed to 0, 50, 200 and 500 mg/L ERY to investigate the effect of ERY on AD. The results show that AD could adapt to the presence of high-level ERY (500 mg/L) and could maintain efficient CH4 production after domestication with low-level ERY (50 mg/L). The AD process could achieve higher removal of ERY (>94%), regardless of the initial ERY concentration. ErmB and mefA, conferring resistance through target alteration and efflux pumps, respectively, were dominant in the AD process. The first exposure to ERY stimulated an increase in the total ARG abundance, while the AD process seemed to discourage ARG maintenance following re-exposure to ERY. ERY inhibited the process of acetoclastic methanogenesis, but strengthened the process of hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. This work provides useful information for treating high-level ERY fermentation wastewater by the AD process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, using domestic sewage wastewater for agricultural irrigation is becoming increasingly important for sustainable water resources management. Several national and international programs have been implemented to mitigate wastewater. However, it is important to ensure that these measures are affordable, effective, and sustainable. The aim of the present study is to determine, after all these mitigations, whether these domestic sewage wastewaters can be used as a potential irrigation source and at the same time ensure environmental food security. With these objectives, we analyzed the consequences of domestic sewage effluent irrigation on soil physical–chemical properties and nutritive and nutraceutical properties of cultivated green vegetables, Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb. and Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., in the semi‐urban ecosystem compared with well water irrigated crops in a rural area. The quality status of both well water irrigated and domestic sewage wastewater irrigated soil samples showed similar and/or comparable values, that is, domestic sewage wastewater irrigation does not harm the soil quality and both were comparable with the permissible limits of BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) including heavy metal contents. And positively supporting the objective of our study, the nutrient status/proximate composition of both the vegetables in terms of protein, gross energy, carbohydrate, etc., were higher in domestic sewage wastewater irrigated crops compared with the well water irrigated crops. The antioxidant activity also exhibited a significant increase in the sewage wastewater irrigated crops rather than the well water irrigated ones. Hence the results of the present study state that due to the impact of the mitigation measures, domestic sewage wastewater is now pertinent to be used as an irrigation source and also a possible organic fertilizer without any ambiguity. Moreover, more field‐oriented studies may ensure the potential of wastewater irrigation for sustainable crop production without any pollution, particularly in a semi‐urban area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wastewater surveillance is an effective way to track the prevalence of infectious agents within a community and, potentially, the spread of pathogens between jurisdictions. We conducted a retrospective wastewater surveillance study of the 2022-23 influenza season in 2 communities, Detroit, Michigan, USA, and Windsor-Essex, Ontario, Canada, that form North America's largest crossborder conurbation. We observed a positive relationship between influenza-related hospitalizations and the influenza A virus (IAV) wastewater signal in Windsor-Essex (p = 0.785; p<0.001) and an association between influenzarelated hospitalizations in Michigan and the IAV wastewater signal for Detroit (p = 0.769; p<0.001). Time-lagged cross correlation and qualitative examination of wastewater signal in the monitored sewersheds showed the peak of the IAV season in Detroit was delayed behind Windsor-Essex by 3 weeks. Wastewater surveillance for IAV reflects regional differences in infection dynamics which may be influenced by many factors, including the timing of vaccine administration between jurisdictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the success of initiatives put forth during the COVID-19 pandemic response, US health officials are expanding wastewater surveillance programs to track other target pathogens and diseases of public health interest. The Houston Health Department in Houston, Texas, USA, conducted a hypothesis-generating study whereby infectious disease subject matter experts suggested potential targets. This study addressed 2 criteria recommended by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for selecting wastewater targets. Results can be used as a basis of a questionnaire for a future population-based study to recommend targets of highest priority to include for expanded wastewater sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. Bovine mastitis is a prevalent infectious disease in dairy herds worldwide, resulting in substantial economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in animals, and its antibiotic resistance poses challenges for treatment. Recently, renewed interest has focused on the development of alternative methods to antibiotic therapy, including bacteriophages (phages), for controlling bacterial infections. In this study, 2 lytic phages, vB_SauM_JDYN (JDYN) and vB_SauM_JDF86 (JDF86), were isolated from the cattle sewage effluent samples collected from dairy farms in Shanghai. The 2 phages have a broad bactericidal spectrum against Staphylococcus of various origins. Genomic and morphological analyses revealed that the 2 phages belonged to the Myoviridae family. Moreover, JDYN and JDF86 remained stable under a wide temperature and pH range and were almost unaffected in chloroform. In this study, we prepared a phage cocktail (PHC-1) which consisted of a 1:1:1 ratio of JDYN, JDF86, and SLPW (a previously characterized phage). We found that PHC-1 showed the strongest bacteriolytic effect and the lowest frequency of emergence of bacteriophage insensitive mutants compared with monophages. Bovine mammary epithelial cells and lactating mice mastitis models were used to evaluate the effectiveness of PHC-1 in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The results demonstrated that PHC-1 treatment significantly reduced bacterial load, alleviated inflammatory response, and improved mastitis pathology. Altogether, these results suggest that PHC-1 has the potential to treat S. aureus -induced bovine mastitis and that phage cocktails can combat antibiotic-resistant S. aureus infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrastructure deterioration is a threat to developed countries, emphasizing the need for effective management techniques. In particular, the leakage of aged domestic sewer pipeline is a major health issue, yet there is a lack of markers to identify domestic leakage. We studied the pollution in urban waters resulting from domestic sewage leakage into storm drainages. We monitored caffeine, fragrance substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the storm discharge points in five urban districts having separate sewer systems aged from 10 to over 40 years. Results show that caffeine and fragrance concentrations tended to increase with sewer system age. For instance, caffeine concentrations in the areas of sewer systems over 40 years old were at least two orders of magnitude higher than in 10-year-old sewer systems, and were as high as 1–10% of domestic sewage, strongly suggesting the leakage of domestic sewer pipelines. PAHs exhibited consistent patterns across the districts. Overall, we observe that sewer leaking processes can be distinguished by analyzing the levels of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the degradation of diclofenac (DCF) in an electrochemical reactor equipped with two carbon cloth (CC) electrodes operating in recirculation mode, is presented. The analysis of the effects of the operating variables on the degradation of the DCF showed that, as expected, the applied voltage has a direct influence on the reactions that take place at the anode and cathode. In fact, the addition of O2 and Fe(II) to the medium demonstrated that the electro-Fenton (EF) process was taking place and that under the following conditions, 4 V, 0.05 M Na2SO4, 50 mg/L DCF, 0.25 g Fe(II)-loaded resin, and 50 mL/min, 79.8% of DCF mineralization was obtained in a process described by a pseudo-first order kinetics (k = 0.0184 min−1). Using a simulated domestic wastewater effluent, the EF reactor under study not only showed a similar DCF mineralization value (81.8%), but also reasonable energy consumption (2.16 kWh/m3) as well as CC electrode stability upon several treatment cycles. These results suggest that an EF approach using low-cost CC electrodes and neutral pH conditions, constitute a technically and economically viable option for DCF wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present work is to prepare and characterise a low-cost composite based on sunflowers seed shell (SFS) coated with a small amount of polyaniline. This composite was used in the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous solutions (sodium salicylate SS). SFS@PANI composite was characterised by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The removal of SS from wastewater, using the synthesised composite as an adsorbent material, was investigated as a function of adsorbent dose, initial concentration, pH of the solution, temperature and contact time. The equilibrium contact time was achieved at 60 min and the experimental results show that the kinetic model of pseudo-second-order (PSO) and Langmuir isotherm provided a good fitting of the whole experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters like free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy (ΔS°) were also calculated. The obtained results suggest that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Additionally, the prepared Sunflower seed shell@Polyaniline (SFS@PANI) composite exhibited a good regeneration capacity and excellent reusability after four cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the widespread distribution of emerging pollutants (EPs) and their potential impact on ecosystems and public health, evaluating and creating wastewater treatment techniques to reduce EPs is a global priority. Tackling the removal of EPs from the environment has become a significant challenge for researchers, spurred by the growing awareness of their prevalence and associated risks. Among the existing techniques, adsorption utilizing diverse adsorbents emerges as the most cost-effective and widely applicable approach. Understanding adsorption isotherms is crucial for the assessment and optimization of adsorbent materials used in the adsorption approach used to remove EPs from wastewater. The investigation of adsorption isotherms offers a versatile and effective approach to pollutant removal in addition to helping to optimize treatment protocols. Numerous adsorbents and adsorption isotherms have been explored for the removal of EPs from wastewater. This review focuses on developing new adsorbents with a strong emphasis on their long-term environmental impact. To improve pharmaceutical removal efficiency, exploring innovative bio-adsorption methods is key. Prioritizing sustainable design and scalability considerations is essential for advancing polysaccharide-based adsorbents. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for assessing practical applicability, considering potential obstacles. Enhancing the scalability and real-world efficacy of adsorption techniques in wastewater treatment relies on strategic resource allocation and field research. This study examines new materials, stresses standardized procedures, and offers recommendations for improving adsorption-based wastewater treatment for EPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Engineering (17264073) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Electrochemical wastewater treatment technologies are gaining attraction as sustainable alternatives for industrial and municipal wastewater management. This study conducts a comprehensive life cycle assessment to assess the environmental and economic sustainability of electrochemical methods such as electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, and electroreduction. By analyzing key stages, from raw material extraction to end‐of‐life disposal, the review aims to provide insight into their overall sustainability performance. The study also delves into environmental impact categories and utilization of methods used in quantifying the environmental implications. Moreover, a cost structure analysis and cost‐effectiveness evaluation offer insights into the economic viability of these technologies. Despite facing challenges like high initial costs and regulatory constraints, electrochemical technologies demonstrate competitive advantages in treatment efficiency and energy savings. Collaborative efforts and supportive policy frameworks are deemed crucial for overcoming barriers and fostering the widespread adoption of electrochemical technologies, thereby advancing sustainable wastewater management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a promising technology for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, including highly contaminated textile wastewater. However, membrane fouling remains a critical challenge due to reduced flux. This study investigates the efficacy of a moving bed MBR (MB‐MBR) technology for textile wastewater treatment, focusing on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and its impact on mitigating membrane fouling. In a 50‐day study, a conventional MBR (R1) was compared with an MB‐MBR (R2) augmented with free‐floating biocarriers (accounting for 20% of the reactor volume). Both systems used flat sheet ceramic membrane modules. The results indicate that the MB‐MBR achieved superior performance, with COD and colour removal of 89% and 81%, respectively, compared with 87% and 73% in the conventional MBR. Importantly, the introduction of biocarriers eliminated the need for offline physical membrane cleaning in the MB‐MBR. The free‐floating biocarriers lowered transmembrane pressure, reduced capillary suction time and reduced fouling through their scouring action. Highlights: A conventional MBR and moving bed‐MBR were compared in textile wastewater treatment.Almost equal COD removal efficiencies were found in both operations.Higher color removals were obtained by moving bed‐MBR process.The moving bed‐MBR reduced the TMP, CST of sludge and membrane fouling propensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural domestic sewage, originating from human activities that involve the extraction and utilization of natural resources, is an inherent component of the ecological cycle in nature. Therefore, its disposal methods should align and harmonize with the laws governing nature's evolutionary processes. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on the domestic sewage facilities in representative villages located within the water source protection area of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Taking Village A's domestic sewage treatment station as a case study, an analysis was performed to assess its operational status and identify existing issues. The consideration of rural domestic sewage treatment should encompass factors such as the generation and discharge of household wastewater, the characteristics of water quality, discharge regulations, the natural and social environment, as well as post-completion operations and maintenance modes. We also proposed source reduction measures for the reuse of gray water in domestic sewage treatment in Village A, along with integrated treatment approaches involving biochemical treatment, landscape integration, and farmland irrigation for black water. These measures not only achieve effective treatment outcomes but also foster harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Moreover, they align with the principles of ecological civilization while considering rural revitalization and promoting green agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane (CH4) is one of the potent greenhouse gases emitted from municipal wastewater treatment plants. The characteristics of methane emission from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have attracted lots of concern from related researchers. The present work investigated the source of methanogens and methane emission properties from two WWTPs in Xi'an, and one is employed in an Orbal oxidation ditch, and the other is anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A/A/O). The measurement of specific methanogenic activity (SMA) and coenzyme F420 concentration, together with Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), was used to determine the amount and activity of methanogens in two WWTPs. Additionally, a combined activated sludge model was built and predicted the growth of methanogens and other key microorganisms in the sludge. The results showed that the average CH4 emission flux from the Orbal oxidation ditch (22.74 g CH4 /(m2·d)) was much higher than that from A/A/O (9.57 g CH4/(m2·d)). The methane emission factors in the Orbal oxidation ditch and A/A/O processes were 1.18 and 0.21 g CH4 /(m3 INF), respectively. These distinct methane emission characteristics between two WWTPs are mainly attributed to the higher activity and content of methanogens, as well as the discontinuous aeration in the Orbal oxidation ditch. Additionally, dissolved oxygen concentration, water temperature, and the presence of nitrate/nitrite were also important factors that influenced methane emission. The FISH analysis showed that Methanococcus was the dominant methanogen in both WWTPs. In addition, the combined model successfully simulated the growth of methanogens in WWTPs. Methanogens in WWTPs were mainly derived from the sewer system, and the cumulative effect led to an increase in the abundance of methanogens in activated sludge. The outcomes of this study provide new insights in the prediction and management of GHG emission from WWTPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the densification/granulation of activated sludge with poor settleability, treating real industrial wastewater from a tank truck cleaning company. The wastewater is low in nutrients, acidic in nature, and high and variable in chemical oxygen demand (COD, ranging from 2770 mg·L−1 to 14,050 mg·L−1). A microbial selection strategy was applied to promote slow-growing glycogen-accumulating microorganisms (GAO) by the implementation of an anaerobic feast/aerobic famine strategy in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). After 60 to 70 days, the uptake of carbon during the anaerobic phase exceeded 80%, the sludge morphology improved, and the sludge volume index (SVI) dropped below 50 mL·g−1. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed the enrichment of the GAOs Defluviicoccus and Candidatus Competibacter. Stable sludge densification was maintained when using a constant organic loading rate (OLR) of 0.85 ± 0.05 gCOD·(L·d)−1, but the sludge quality deteriorated when switching to a variable OLR. In view of the integration of densified/granular sludge in a membrane bioreactor configuration, the filtration properties of the densified SBR sludge were compared to the seed sludge from the full-scale plant. The densified sludge showed a significantly lower resistance due to pore blockage and a significantly higher sustainable flux (45 vs. 15 L·(m2·h)−1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides a thorough evaluation of a flow capacitive deionization (FCDI) system using chemically modified activated carbon for improved fluoride removal from wastewater. Current literature indicates a gap in optimizing carbon modification techniques to enhance FCDI efficiency. The research systematically investigates an optimal alkali-to-carbon ratio of 2:1, which significantly enhances the specific surface area and pore structure of activated carbon, correlating with improved adsorption capacities and lower effluent fluoride concentrations. Durability tests across multiple operational cycles show consistent fluoride removal efficiency and minimal conductivity variations in the effluent. Additionally, the effects of operational parameters such as voltage and hydraulic retention time (HRT) are explored, demonstrating that extended contact times and optimized electrical settings further enhance system performance. The findings indicate that the modified FCDI system offers significant potential for sustainable, large-scale applications in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, combining high efficiency with robust performance. This research establishes a foundation for future advancements in FCDI technology, aiming for cost-effective and environmentally sustainable water treatment solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) play a critical role in reducing anthropogenic inputs of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) to aquatic ecosystems, thereby helping to mitigate eutrophication. The enhanced biological phosphorous removal (EBPR) in activated sludge aims to establish a microbial community enriched with active polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), making it an environmental-friendly and sustainable method for P removal. However, successful application of EBPR relies on both a sufficient supply and appropriate types of organic carbon (C). This review aims to assess the contribution of microorganisms in activated sludge to remove P and discusses efficient C sources that have been used in EBPR. The knowledge gaps within the biological P removal process are evaluated and discussed. Among various organic compounds, acetate and propionate emerge as the most favorable options for achieving stable and efficient P removal by PAOs. However, if these organic compounds are manufactured using fossil fuel-derived materials, their addition will reduce the economic and environmental benefits of EBPR. In comparison, in-line fermentation and side-stream EBPR (S2EBPR) are more advantageous in generating C sources for PAOs by using on-site activated sludge and/or other organic wastes, such as crude glycerol (CG) and food waste (FW). Additionally, future research needs concerning EBPR are discussed to address potential issues related to insufficient C availability in wastewater influent and how microbial competition can be overcome in a sustainable and economical manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimonate (Sb(V)), sulfate and acid orange 7 (AO7) are common pollutants in printing and dyeing wastewater. Currently, there have been no reports about the effects of sulfate and AO7 on Sb(V) removal by anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS). In this study, the Sb(V) removal and Sb(Ш) accumulation was revealed in presence of sulfate and AO7, and the role of adding granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated. Results showed that sulfate inhibited Sb(V) removal by AnGS (S + Sb, k = 0.101). GAC alleviated the inhibition of sulfate on Sb(V) removal and Sb(V) removal rate increased by 1.9 times (GAC + S + Sb, k = 0.187). Meanwhile, GAC promoted sulfate reduction by AnGS. AO7 inhibited sulfate reduction, thereby alleviating the inhibition of sulfate on Sb(V) removal, and Sb(V) removal rate increased by 1.5 times (S + Sb + dye, k = 0.147). When Sb(V), sulfate and AO7 coexisted, adding GAC actually inhibited Sb(V) removal (GAC + S + Sb + dye, k = 0.067), which may be due to GAC promoted the reduction of sulfate and AO7 by AnGS. The microbial community analysis revealed that Acinetobacter genus was related to Sb(V) reduction, with higher relative abundance in GAC + S + Sb (49.4%) and S + Sb + dye groups (28.9%). These results provided guidance for anaerobic treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics are intensively used in various sectors, such as human and animal husbandry, and in the current scenario, they are considered global contaminants in different environmental compartments. Constant antibiotic exposure leads to antimicrobial resistance in environmental microorganisms. However, the correlation between antibiotic exposure and resistance is still indistinct and unproven in environmental microbiota. The release of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from municipal wastewater into rivers poses a public health concern. This study aimed to explore the antibiotic resistance profiling of bacterial pathogens isolated from wastewater, sludge, water, and sediment samples of the Ganges River of three North Indian cities (Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi) for summer and winter seasons. Antibiotic resistance profiles were done for 12 antibiotics through the disc diffusion method. PCR analysis of genomic and plasmid DNA, the prevalence of six Antibiotic Resistance Genes was evaluated in 103 bacterial isolates isolated from wastewater, sludge, river water and sediment samples of North Indian cities. This study gives insight into the role of wastewater treatment plants in the abundance and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes through effluent in the receiving river environment. The consumption of antibiotics is very high in India, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes are mostly abundant in wastewater treatment plants and river water and sediment, which indicates that the river has the potential and probable reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance Genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, in particular Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), poses a serious threat for public health worldwide. This article reviews the alarming data on the prevalence of infections caused by CRAB and CRPA pathogens and their presence in hospital and municipal wastewater, and it highlights the environmental impact of antibiotic resistance. The article describes the key role of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the acquisition of carbapenem resistance and sheds light on bacterial resistance mechanisms. The main emphasis was placed on the transfer of ARGs not only in the clinical setting, but also in the environment, including water, soil, and food. The aim of this review was to expand our understanding of the global health risks associated with CRAB and CRPA in hospital and municipal wastewater and to analyze the spread of these micropollutants in the environment. A review of the literature published in the last decade will direct research on carbapenem-resistant pathogens, support the implementation of effective preventive measures and interventions, and contribute to the development of improved strategies for managing this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the most important problems faced by ergonomists today. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of weather conditions, working conditions and mental workload on musculoskeletal disorders of rescuers and water and sewage company accidents in hot and cold seasons. METHODS: The present study was a longitudinal study that was performed on all employees of rescue and disaster teams of Shiraz Water and Sewerage Company in Iran (184 people) by census. Demographic and Nordic questionnaires, NASA Load Index (NASA-TLX), work environment assessment with temperature screening checklist and workplace ergonomic risk factor (WERA) assessment method were performed by the researcher. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. RESULTS: The results showed that the highest and lowest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders related to knee and back in winter and thigh in summer with prevalence of 57.1, 55.4 and 6%. The comparison of exposure to heat stress factors in summer and winter seasons showed that the temperature factors and work clothes of the workers in both seasons are in worse conditions than other factors (P < 0968). The results of the mental workload of people in two seasons showed that the highest and lowest mental workload is related to physical changes in the winter season and frustration in the summer season, and this relationship was significant (P < 0.001). Using multiple logistic regression model, the potential risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries including age, height, BMI, level of education and work experience in both hot and cold seasons were compared. The results showed that in summer, work experience (OR = 1.16 (1.06–1.28.)) and height (OR = 1.03(0.98–1.08) had a direct effect on the prevalence of pain and discomfort arranged in the back areas. One year of increase in work experience significantly increases the chance of a disorder in the back by 16% and a one centimeter increase in height increases the chance of a disorder in the lumbar region by 3%, although this relationship is significant. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that suitable solutions such as using appropriate and up-to-date mechanical tools, reducing activity time, increasing rest time, increasing the number of personnel in order to reduce mental workload, using work clothes suitable for the season and type of work, and ergonomics training for workers are on the agenda of company officials. Water and sewage should be placed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports regarding the composition and functions of microorganisms in activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants for treating tuna processing wastewater remains scarce, with prevailing studies focusing on municipal and industrial wastewater. This study delves into the efficiency and biological dynamics of activated sludge from tuna processing wastewater, particularly under conditions of high lipid content, for pollutant removal. Through metagenomic analysis, we dissected the structure of microbial community, and its relevant biological functions as well as pathways of nitrogen and lipid metabolism in activated sludge. The findings revealed the presence of 19 phyla, 1,880 genera, and 7,974 species, with Proteobacteria emerging as the predominant phylum. The study assessed the relative abundance of the core microorganisms involved in nitrogen removal, including Thauera sp. MZ1T and Alicycliphilus denitrificans K601, among others. Moreover, the results also suggested that a diverse array of fatty acid-degrading microbes, such as Thauera aminoaromatica and Cupriavidus necator H16, could thrive under lipid-rich conditions. This research can provide some referable information for insights into optimizing the operations of wastewater treatment and identify some potential microbial agents for nitrogen and fatty acid degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Soil & Water Conservation (1009-2242) is the property of Institute of Soil & Water Conservation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Clean water is a necessity for all life to survive and flourish. However, natural waters are being continuously contaminated due to the release of waste streams in water. Hence, it is important to remove pollutants from wastewater to fulfill human needs. Conventional treatment methods are neither efficient nor economical for wastewaters that especially contain refractory toxic pollutants. This requires novel techniques like Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), that may successfully degrade persistent micropollutants more efficiently. In this study, an azo dye Acid Red 1 was removed by three AOPs, namely Photocatalytic oxidation, Ozonation and Photocatalytic Ozonation, by employing heterogenous catalysts. TiO2 was used as photocatalyst, whereas Fe-Zeolite has been further added as Ozonation catalyst. The study revealed that photocatalysis degraded only 28% Acid red dye after 15 min, whereas for ozonation, the degradation percentage was 95% in same time. In combined photocatalytic ozonation process using TiO2, 95% degradation was achieved in just 9 min and treatment time further reduced to 5 min when Fe-zeolite was added. Optimization studies for initial concentration, UV intensity and catalyst loading were performed. Finally, rate constants and Electrical Energy per Order (EEO) values were determined for all AOPs, and mechanism was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]