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To reveal the differences in the microbial composition of skin mucus and the habitat of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) in different physiological states, we compared the community structure of the skin mucus flora of healthy and sub-healthy Chinese sturgeons and explored the correlation between the structure of the bacterial community and physiological state of Chinese sturgeons. Skin mucus and aquaculture water of healthy and sub-healthy Chinese sturgeons were collected, and the bacterial flora composition was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that microbial diversity and richness were significantly higher in the sub-healthy group than in the healthy group (P < 0.05). Statistical analysis of the sequences showed that many unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were present in the mucus samples compared with the aquaculture water, and the number of shared OTUs with the aquaculture water changed according to the health status. The principal component and principal coordinate analyses between different groups showed a strong separation tendency, and the relative distance between samples within groups was small. There were significant differences in the composition and dominant species of skin mucus and aquaculture water communities of Chinese sturgeons at the phylum and genus levels. The dominant phyla in the water were Proteobacteria (31.84%) and Firmicutes (24.37%); the dominant phyla in the healthy group were Proteobacteria (55.23%) and Bacteroidetes (21.00%); and the percentage of Proteobacteria (40.23%) in the sub-healthy group, but the proportion of Acidobacteria (18.29%), Gemmatimonadetes (10.08%), Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia increased. The dominant flora in water samples were Sphaerochaeta (10.56%) and Cloacibacillus (7.95%). The dominant flora in the healthy group were Ralstonia (19.83%) and Mucilaginibacter (8.11%). The dominant flora in the sub-healthy group, compared to the healthy group, consisted mainly of Sphingomonas (16.71%) and WPS-1_genera_incertae_sedis (5.05%). Functional prediction revealed that the functional abundance of flora in the sub-healthy group showed a decreasing trend compared with that in the healthy group, including environmental adaptation, biological metabolism, and signal transduction. Similarity and difference analysis of the mucus microbiome of Chinese sturgeons in different physiological states and aquaculture water showed that it changed with the physiological state, and the genus Sphingomonas was the dominant genus of mucus flora in the sub-healthy group, which can be used as a health marker. By comparing the microbial communities in the skin mucus of healthy and sub-healthy Chinese sturgeons, different microbial community structures were observed in different health states, which provides a new perspective for their healthy culture and monitoring.

Background and aim: Rivaroxaban is an emerging oral anticoagulant for postoperative anticoagulation after percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). Because a once-daily dosing regimen of rivaroxaban causes fluctuations in the drug plasma concentration, we studied the feasibility and safety of twice-daily rivaroxaban as a postoperative anticoagulation regimen for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing LAAC.Methods: This study involved patients with AF who underwent LAAC and took rivaroxaban postoperatively. A total of 326 patients who received a standard total dose (15 or 20 mg) of rivaroxaban based on their creatinine clearance rate were divided into the twice-daily (BID) rivaroxaban group (n = 208) and once-daily (QD) rivaroxaban group (n = 118) according to their anticoagulation strategy. Transesophageal echocardiography was recommended at 3–6 months postoperatively to check for device-related thrombosis (DRT). Clinical outcomes were evaluated during postoperative anticoagulation.Results: The median CHA2DS2-VASc score (4 [3, 5] vs. 4 [3, 5], p = 0.28) and HAS-BLED score (2 [2, 3] vs. 2 [2, 3], p = 0.48) were not significantly different between the groups. During the anticoagulation period (4.1 ± 0.7 vs. 4.1 ± 0.9 months, p = 0.58), 148 (71.2%) patients in the BID group and 75 (63.6%) in the QD group underwent follow-up transesophageal echocardiography. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of DRT (1.4% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.60), minor bleeding (8.2% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.39), thromboembolic events (1.0% vs. 0.8%, p = 1.00), major bleeding (0.5% vs. 0.8%, p = 1.00), or death.Conclusion: A short course of twice-daily rivaroxaban following LAAC is a feasible alternative regimen with a low rate of major bleeding events, DRT, and thromboembolic events for patients with AF.

Objective: To solve the problem of low accuracy of tobacco grading. Methods: An improved tobacco leaf grading model based on convolutional neural network was proposed. According to the VGG16 network structure, the network model was built in a custom way. The traditional convolution was replaced by the hole convolution, which increased the image receptive field while avoiding. The loss of image features was changed, and the activation function was changed to Leaky_relu. The data distribution was corrected, and the hard saturation problem of the ReLU function was solved. 41 levels of tobacco leaf pictures were used for testing. Results: The grading accuracy rate of the test algorithm was 95.89%, which was 10.46% higher than the traditional SVM algorithm, and 7.87% higher than the classic VGG16 algorithm. The loss rate finally converged to 0.13. Conclusion: Compared with the original model and traditional feature extraction methods, this algorithm has improved the accuracy of tobacco leaf classification.

Objective: This study aimed to realize the high-value utilization of biological active ingredients and anti-inflammatory peptides from the Pinctada martensii meat. Methods: The hydrolysis process of the P. martensii meat was optimized by single factor test and response surface test with degree of hydrolysis (DH) as the index. The amino acid composition and anti-inflammatory activity of P. martensii meat hydrolysate peptides were evaluated and analyzed. Results: The results showed that neutral protease was the optimal enzyme, and the optimal hydrolysis conditions were solid-liquid ratio 1∶1 (g/mL), temperature 46.3 ℃, hydrolysis time 1.4 h, and substrate ratio 0.3%. The hydrolysis degree was 22.88%, which was not significantly different from the theoretical value, and the regression model was reliable. The hydrolysates including 19.84% of essential amino acids, 21.19% of hydrophobic amino acids and 10.46% of positively charged amino acids. In LPS induced RAW264.7 anti-inflammatory model of mouse macrophages, the hydrolyzed peptide of P. martensii had no cytotoxicity and was beneficial to the proliferation of macrophages in the mass concentration range of 0~4.0 mg/mL. At the mass concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, hydrolyzed peptide could effectively inhibit the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β; the inhibition rate of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β was 70.00%, 83.01%, 85.04% and 83.11%, respectively. Conclusion: Hydrolytic peptide of P. martensii has a complete range of amino acids, which can effectively inhibit the production of NO and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW264.7 macrophages, showing good anti-inflammatory activity.