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Introduction: The quality of Gutta-percha (GP) filling techniques depends on canal dimensions and anatomy. Thermoplasticised GP obturation techniques need to be modified in accordance to the root canal space anatomy. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of continuous wave and modified continuous-wave compaction GP techniques in obturating ovoid canals. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was carried out in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics in MGMDCH, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from October 2019 to December 2019 on 45 single rooted human teeth were selected and mounted in Eppendorf tubes. The canals were cleaned and shaped using the Protaper Next rotary system. The specimens were divided into three groups based on the obturation technique: Group 1-Lateral Compaction (LC), Group 2-Continuous Wave Compaction (CWC), and Group 3-modified continuous-wave compaction. After obturation, the specimens were radiographed in labial and distal views. Subsequently, the specimens were removed from the Eppendorf tubes, and the extrusion of filling materials was assessed. The radiographic images were analysed using image analysis software, and the void area was measured. The obtained data was tabulated and statistically analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Post-hoc Dunn’s test. Results: The warm compaction techniques showed denser obturations compared to LC and were statistically significant (p<0.0001) by the Kruskal-Wallis test in the distal view. Post-Hoc analysis using Dunn’s test for the density of obturation in the distal view showed a statistically significant difference between Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p=0.000002*) and Group 3 (p=0.000204*). Extrusion in Group 3 was comparable to Group 1, while the highest extrusion was observed in Group 2. Conclusion: The modified continuous warm compaction technique showed dense and homogenous obturation comparable to the continuous wave technique and outperformed the LC technique. Additionally, the modified continuous warm compaction technique exhibited less extrusion compared to the continuous warm compaction technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: An aesthetic restorative material that would be suitable to be used in patients who are prescribed saliva substitute (SS) for symptomatic relief from xerostomia. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of SS on the color stability of three different direct tooth-colored restorative materials. Settings and Design: This is an in vitro spectrophotometric study where standard uniform disc-shaped specimens were immersed in a SS for 30 days. Materials and Methods: The materials investigated were resin-modified-glass ionomer cement (RM-GIC), light-cured (LC) resin composite restorative material (Filtek™ Z350 XT), and LC fluoride-releasing restorative material (Ketac™ N100). Sixteen disc-shaped samples of each test material were prepared using a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, making up a total of 48 samples and were assigned to three groups: Group I (RM-GIC), Group II (Filtek™ Z350 XT), and Group III (Ketac™ N100). They were further divided into two subgroups A and B with eight samples each based on the immersion solutions namely distilled water (DW) and SS, respectively. The samples were immersed for 30 days. Baseline and postimmersion color analysis was done with a spectrophotometer. The CIE L*a*b* values were measured and CIE ΔE values obtained were tabulated. Statistical Analysis Used: The data obtained were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test, and the pair-wise significance between groups was obtained using least significant difference test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: All the samples immersed in SS showed greater discoloration (ΔE >3.3) than the samples immersed in DW and was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Ketac™ N100 displayed relatively lesser discoloration when compared to RM-GIC and Filtek™ Z350 XT when immersed in a SS. Conclusions: Among the materials tested, Ketac™ N100 was found to be more color stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Calcium Hydroxide (CH) is one of the most commonly used intracanal medicaments which can be used with various vehicles. Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three CH based intracanal medicaments on the apical sealing ability of AH Plus - guttapercha obturation. Materials and Methods: Crowns of 100 extracted human single rooted teeth were sectioned at the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) to a standardized length. The root canals were instrumented upto ISO size 40 using step back technique and the specimens were randomly divided into two control and four experimental groups. The control groups were not medicated. Specimens in positive control group (Group I) were obturated with guttapercha without placing sealer and in negative control group (Group II) were obturated with guttapercha and AH Plus sealer. Among the experimental groups, specimens of Group III were not medicated while groups IV, V and VI were medicated with CH-saline, CH-2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Vitapex respectively for a period of 14 days. The medicaments were removed from the specimens and the teeth were obturated with AH Plus sealer and guttapercha using lateral compaction technique. The specimens were immersed in India ink dye, demineralized and diphanized. The extent of dye penetration was assessed using a 10X stereomicroscope. Data obtained was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) followed by Post-hoc Tukey test. Results: Amongst the three CH medicaments, CH-2% CHX when used as an intracanal medicament showed a significantly higher microleakage as compared to the other groups with p<0.001. The microleakage values between the remaining groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Under the conditions of this study it was concluded that all groups with or without intracanal medicament showed apical leakage. The vehicle used to carry CH may significantly influence the apical sealing ability of guttapercha - AH Plus obturated canals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The root canal is a hub of numerous microorganisms. Routine endodontic procedures fail to remove the resistant microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis ., Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different vehicles on the antimicrobial efficacy of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) on E. faecalis infected root canals., Materials and Methods: Eighty single-rooted and freshly extracted human teeth were prepared in radicular portion, and pure culture of E. faecalis (ATCC ® 29212™) inoculum was injected into canals of tooth blocks and incubated for 21 days. Tooth blocks were divided into five groups. Each experimental group was then medicated with 0.1 ml of TAP and no medication was added for control groups. After 21 days of incubation at 37°C, colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) were counted for each group., Results: Group II treated with TAP mixed with propylene glycol revealed a maximum reduction in CFU/ml, and that was followed by Group I and Group III, where TAP was mixed with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 0.9% normal saline, respectively. Data were compared and analyzed using statistics software. The results were considered statistically significant for P < 0.05. There was a statistically significant difference in CFU/ml between propylene glycol and positive control group, between CHX and positive control group, between saline and positive control group., Conclusions: The propylene glycol group with TAP was the most effective vehicle for the elimination of E. faecalis from canals of tooth blocks, followed by 2% CHX solution as the second vehicle of choice over 0.9% normal saline., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Contemporary Clinical Dentistry.)

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with simulated invasive cervical resorption cavities, restored with different restorative materials, namely, conventional glass-ionomer cement (CGIC), resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC), flowable composite (FC), and giomer., Methods: Sixty extracted human permanent maxillary central incisor teeth were assigned to six groups,which were, Group 1 (intact teeth, control), Group 2 (teeth with biomechanical preparation and resorption cavity), Group 3 (CGIC), Group 4 (RMGIC), Group 5 (FC), and Group 6 (giomer). Except for Group 1, other groups were subjected to endodontic treatment. Teeth of Group 2 were left unobturated and teeth of Groups 3-6 were obturated. A simulated resorption cavity was prepared labially in the specimens belonging to Groups 2-6 and restored with respective restorative materials. The specimens were subjected to compressive load until failure in an Instron testing machine and the load at failure was recorded in Newtons., Statistical Analysis: The data obtained were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, pair-wise comparison was made with Tukey's multiple comparison test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the fracture resistance of intact teeth and endodontically treated teeth with simulated invasive cervical resorption cavities restored with different adhesive restorative materials. Among the restored teeth, there was no significant difference., Conclusion: Intact teeth were found to have the highest resistance to fracture followed by those restored with giomer, FC, RMGIC, and CGIC in that order., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Journal of Conservative Dentistry.)

Background: Composite resins are choice of restorations due to their lifelike characteristics. Recently "microhybrid" and "nano- hybrid" composites have been introduced. Microhybrids and Nanocomposites have a small particle size and possess better qualities as compared to traditional composite resins. The intake of beverages like black tea, coffee green tea has increased in the community. The beverages cause discoloration with time on the composite restorations making it aesthetically unacceptable., Aim: Aim is to evaluate discoloration of microhybrid and nano- hybrid composite resins by black tea, black coffee, green tea and distilled water at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days., Methodology: 160 samples were fabricated in molds from two nanohybrid composite and two microhybrid composites. They were light cured and allocated into four groups were stored in an incubator throughout the experiment at 37° C. Initial baseline color was recorded by a spectrophotometer. These samples were immersed in vials containing black tea, black coffee, green tea and distilled water for three, six, nine, 12 days. Color analysis was done at each interval., Statistical Analysis: Data was tabulated and the readings after immersion and baseline were compared between four composite resins. Data were analyzed using the appropriate test by testing normality. A p value <0.05 was considered to be significant., Results: Significant discoloration was observed in all four composite resins. Discoloration increased from the third day to 12th day. Maximum discoloration was observed on the 12th day., Conclusion: The order of discoloration in the beverages was: Flash > Tetric n ceram > matrix > tetricceram. The order of discoloration caused by test solutions on composite resin was: Black coffee>black tea>green tea > distilled water.