Search

Local resistance to proposed developments can be divisive, costly in time and delays, and damage reputations. We use typologies of process sheriff and enlightened resistance to explore community opposition to a proposed beachfront development in South East Queensland, Australia. Content analysis of protest signs, submissions to government, and interviews with community leaders uncovered community values and coherent themes of concern for transparent governance, environment, lifestyle, and identity. Our research reinforces the importance of genuine public consultation, demonstrates legitimate concerns often dismissed as NIMBYism, and contributes practical ways to acknowledge community values in planning decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is an author index from the BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, featuring a diverse range of authors and their corresponding presentation codes. Researchers interested in obstetrics and gynaecology can use this index to locate specific authors and their work within the journal. The list includes names from different cultural backgrounds, reflecting a global perspective in research and academia. The authors cover a wide range of topics and research areas, showcasing diverse perspectives and contributions to the field. [Extracted from the article]

To what extent are accused's backgrounds within the criminal justice system considered during the sentencing process, and if they are, how do judges make sense of them? To better understand this aspect of the sentencing process, this article examines data from interviews with, and observations of, 16 Sheriffs in 14 different Scottish Sheriff Courts. The accused persons' backgrounds were indeed considered during the sentencing process. However, how Sheriffs constructed their role as sentencers seemed to directly affect how they acknowledged and took them into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

County sheriffs hold a great deal of discretionary power at the county level; however, little is known about the decision-making of sheriffs. One key role they hold is overseeing county jails. In this role, county sheriffs choose how often to cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) when they make a detainer request of the county. This study investigates the factors influencing sheriffs' decision making, specifically whether sheriffs make discretionary decisions based on the will of the people. Using ICE data about cooperation with county jails, and Cooperative Congregational Election Study (CCES) data, we assess if sheriff cooperation with ICE is politically motivated, in congruence with preferences of the voters countywide, or are other factors potentially influencing sheriffs. We find that sheriffs' decision to cooperate with ICE is influenced by the demographics and economy of their county rather than their own political affiliation or their county's ideological stance on immigration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research summary: This study investigates how information about public opinion and peer practices influences police executives' views on civilian review boards. We applied structural topic modeling in an experimental paradigm, a novel approach diverging from traditional experimental survey methods, to the open‐ended responses of 1331 police executives collected in an original survey experiment. This technique enables the capture of subtle shifts in belief directly from the executives' own words. The experiment systematically varied the information provided to police executives, including state‐level public opinion data from a representative sample of 16,840 U.S. residents, and peer practices in major city police agencies. Our findings reveal that police executives, although generally aligned in their views, demonstrate a readiness to update their beliefs when presented with cohesive local public opinion and information about peer practices in policing. Policy implications: In a democratic society, the core policy beliefs of police executives critically shape the existence and efficacy of civilian oversight mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate the adaptability of police executives in updating their policy positions, reflecting their commitment to informed decision making in response to the dynamic nature of police governance. We find that police executives are willing to update their beliefs related to the public's ability to oversee policing in an unbiased and qualified manner when presented with information about reforms adopted by peer agencies. In contrast, information about public demand for more aggressive forms of oversight can lead to a backlash, increasing the likelihood of police executives to favor existing oversight mechanisms and to doubt the public's qualification. For executives, reformers, and scholars, these findings highlight the limitations of public opinion and benefits of peer influence as mechanisms for policy learning in policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the pivotal role that police encounters play in shaping the experiences of 18- to 25-year-olds who come into contact with the criminal justice system. The study is anchored in an analysis of in-depth narrative interviews with young adults, predominantly young men, in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Their accounts unveil the latent risks of police approaches that may pivot on the 'age and/or lack of maturity' of young adults. Introducing the concept of 'sheriff syndrome', the research sheds light on the detrimental effects of entrenched, antecedent expectations regarding the behaviours, attitudes and (in)capacity for change of those over the age of 18 years. Participants' accounts underscore the need for interactions that recognise and protect subjective elements of maturity, while cultivating opportunities for open, respectful and bidirectional communication between suspect populations of young adults and the police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January of 2023, Illinois signed the Protect Illinois Communities Act into law. The law's passage caused concern for those who were strong proponents of the Second Amendment. The law prohibited the possession, ownership, distribution, and sale of assault weapons. As a result, approximately ninety Illinois county sheriffs issued statements opposing the law as an infringement of one's right to bear arms. Furthermore, many of the county sheriffs stated that they would not enforce the law because it was unconstitutional. In most states, the office of county sheriff is created through the state constitution. A county sheriff's duties, including enforcement of the law, are codified by statute. Those duties do not include declaring a law unconstitutional. The actions taken by the county sheriffs present a concerning situation to the public it is sworn to protect. This Article examines the circumstances in which an elected county sheriff could be removed absent voter approval. The removal of a county sheriff, however, presents some obstacles procedurally and legally. Historically, the removal of a county sheriff is an uncommon practice outside of an election. Regardless, some legal theories, although untested, exist that could hold county sheriffs accountable for exceeding their authority and usurping power away from the courts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various aspects of sheriffs, democracy, and governance in America's early republic era in places such as Boston, Massachusetts, and it mentions authorities granted to sheriffs, as well as the experiences of sheriffs such as Charles P. Sumner and Luke Baldwin. Efforts to limit sheriffs' authorities are assessed, as well as property, the attitudes of citizens and judges, and several lawsuits involving sheriffs.

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses various reports within the journal on topics including local government in the early American republic era, nightwatchmen in Boston, Massachusetts, relationships between local and state governments, and sheriffs in Massachusetts.

This document discusses a study that examines the impact of Department of Justice (DOJ) interventions on policing behavior and crime. Specifically, the study focuses on how neighboring law enforcement agencies in North Carolina responded to a DOJ investigation into civil rights violations by the Alamance County Sheriff's Office, which participated in the 287(g) program. The findings suggest that participating agencies were more likely to target Hispanic motorists at checkpoints once the investigation began. This study sheds light on how federal interventions can influence local policing practices, particularly in relation to racial profiling and immigration policy. [Extracted from the article]

An increasing number of U.S. sheriffs claim that they will not enforce gun safety policies from state and federal governments in their counties. As locally elected law enforcement with a unique institutional position and significant powers, sheriffs play a key role in local policy implementation. To better understand cooperation (or the lack thereof) between levels of government, we look at these sheriffs' contentious relationships over firearm regulation. We argue that sheriffs mobilized to resist state and federal gun safety policies through right-wing extremist efforts, tracing the involvement of sheriffs in gun policy over time. Using two surveys of sheriffs (conducted in 2012 and 2021), we show that sheriffs' preferences against gun safety measures relate to right-wing extremist attitudes, even with controls for political and demographic factors. We demonstrate relationships between sheriffs' right-wing extremism and an expressed reluctance to support or enforce a wide set of gun safety policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the legal and illegal activities of Walter R. Clark who was a sheriff and politician in Broward Country, Florida. It discusses his role in organized crime activities involving illegal gambling, illegal arrests, and racist violence. The difference between U.S. sheriffs and police chiefs, convict leasing, and the circumstances surrounding the election of Clark as sheriff in 1932 are also mentioned.

Local elected sheriffs increasingly have responsibility to implement immigration policies, yet sheriffs are rarely studied in criminal justice. By measuring the attitudes of Texas sheriffs, we seek to understand their important views on immigration in the United States. A census was completed with Texas sheriffs in late 2019 and early 2020. Views were sought on (1) controlling unauthorized immigration, (2) pathways to citizenship, and (3) unauthorized immigration and crime. A strong return rate captured the views of 142 (56%) respondent sheriffs from both rural and urban counties. Findings indicate that a majority of Texas sheriffs see a link between authorized immigrants and crime, see a limited path to citizenship and view the primary enforcement of immigration to be a federal prerogative. Practical implications and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal on Criminology is the property of Policy Studies Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: During the COVID‐19 crisis, sheriffs across the country vocally refused to implement mask mandates. Objectives: In this note, we argue that resistance to mask mandates emerged out of successful efforts to recruit sheriffs into right‐wing extremism (RWE) and its foundations in white supremacy, nativism, and anti‐government extremism. Methods: We draw on upon historical analysis and a national survey of sheriffs Results: We show how RWE movements recruited sheriffs and that a substantial share of sheriffs adopted RWE attitudes. We argue that this radicalization of county sheriffs primes them to resist a core component of federalism: mandates by supra governments. We identify a relationship between sheriffs. RWE attitudes and their resistance to enforcing COVID‐19 mask mandates. Conclusion: Our work demonstrates the importance of considering the implications of violent extremism in the United States, particularly as it aligns with local law enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of En la España Medieval is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)