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The influences of ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock on environment recently become a major concern of the worldwide. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on ammonia emission in manure and the release of green-house gases including methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in artificial rumen of cows. Addition of YSE significantly decreased ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration (P

The intestinal tract is one of the important immune organs of the animal body, the intestinal mucosa is the main place of direct contact and communication between the internal environment and the outside world, and is the first line of defense against intestinal antigens. The integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is a prerequisite for the maintenance of normal intestinal function and health. Fucoidan is a macromolecular polysaccharide rich in sulfate groups, which has antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral functions, and can maintain the homeostasis of the intestinal environment by regulating the intestinal epithelial barrier function, bile secretion, intestinal epithelial cell tight junction, intestinal microbiota structure, and immune cell function. This article mainly reviews the effect of fucoidan on the intestinal mucosal barrier of animals and its application in animal production, aiming to provide a reference for the development of new feed additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the seasonal variation of serum biochemical indexes and endocrine indexes of Inner Mongolia cashmere goats, a total of 11 two-year-old ewes were allowed to graze freely throughout the year, and the ambient temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation were recorded over the course of the year. Monthly blood samples were collected from the jugular vein to measure serum biochemical indexes and endocrine indexes. The results showed that in winter, serum total protein and albumin concentrations of cashmere goats were higher compared to other seasons ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), and serum globulin concentration was higher in winter than in spring ( P<0.05). In summer, serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein concentration of cashmere goats was lower than in other seasons ( P<0.01), and serum triglyceride concentration in autumn and winter was higher than in spring and summer ( P<0.01), while lowdensity lipoprotein concentration was higher in autumn than in spring and summer ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Blood glucose concentration of cashmere goats in spring was higher than in autumn ( P<0.05), serum insulin concentration in autumn was higher than in summer ( P<0.05), serum triiodothyronine concentration in winter was higher than in summer ( P<0.05), and serum heat shock protein 90 concentration in summer was higher than in other seasons ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Non-esterified fatty acid concentration of cashmere goats in winter was higher than in other seasons ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The study indicates that seasonal changes can influence serum biochemical indicators and regulate the secretion of related endocrine hormones in Inner Mongolian cashmere goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the differences between synoptophore and triple prism strabismometry and its possible cause. METHODS: There were 347 patients with horizontal concomitant strabismus involved, in which 76 patients were esotropia, 37 patients were male while 39 were female, with average age of 13.27±7.77 years old. There were 271 patients with exotropia, 131 cases were male while 140 were female, with average age of 15.43±8.42 years old. All the patients were examined by synoptophore and prism plus shaded strabismometry in a long distance of 6m. Datas were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: In the exotropia patients, the conversions of circular degree(°)and prism degree(△)were: 1°=0.29△～1.78△, which was statistically significant with intermittent strabismus(P=0.001). While in the esotropia patients, the conversions were: 1°=2.01△～2.15△. CONCLUSION: The diversity between the two methods is enlarged with the increase of squint angle for exotropia patients. While in esotropia patients, the diversity decreased with the increase of squint angle. Synoptophore equipped with +7.00D, defects of the triple prism itself and proximal convergence during exam may be the reasons for the diversity.

With global warming, heat stress has become one of the research hotspots in livestock industry. Heat stress has negative impacts on production performance and body welfare of dairy cattle in varying degrees, which not only reduces the feed intake and milk production performance, but also damages reproductive capacity and body immunity. The paper summarizes the harm of heat stress on dairy cattle in main aspects, and explains the nutritional managements for preventing and alleviating heat stress from the aspects of feed structure, feed additives, etc., as to reduce the negative impact of heat stress on dairy cattle. The article has great significance for improving milk production in high temperature season and improving milk quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To investigate the status of myopia in students from different kinds of schools in Shantou city, China. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 2 418 students from 4 middle and high schools in Shantou were surveyed through randomized cluster sampling. Ophthalmic examination and auto-refraction were performed for all subjects.RESULTS: Among all 2 394 students examined. The myopia rates for students from middle and high school were 48.07% and 68.28%. In normal middle school, students from rural area had lower rate of myopia than students from the urban area(χ2=13.879, Pχ2=175.231, PCONCLUSION:The prevalence of myopia in the middle school of urban area in Shantou was higher than rural area. The increasing rate of myopia in youngsters is correlated with study stress. In order to decrease the myopia rate, it is extremely important to improve study environment in students.

The influences of ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock on environment recently become a major concern of the worldwide. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) on ammonia emission in manure and the release of green-house gases including methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in artificial rumen of cows. Addition of YSE significantly decreased ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration (P < 0.01) and increased the percentage of total nitrogen (N) (P < 0.005) in manure incubation. The populations of total aerobic bacteria were significantly decreased by the addition of YSE with 1% and 2% (P < 0.05), while the populations of Lactobacilli were significantly increased in dose-dependent manner (P <0.001) in manure. In 1-12 h and 13-24h of ruminal fermentation in vitro, the yields of CH4, CO2 and N2O were dose-dependently reduced by the addition of YSE (P < 0.05). Results showed that YSE inhibit ammonia emission in manure and the release of green-house gases in artificial rumen of cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of different fattening methods on meat physicochemical properties and nutritional value of lambs of Hulun Buir (group HB) and F1 hybrid lambs between Hulun Buir sheep and Dorper sheep (group HDF1). 60 healthy weaned HB and 60 HDF1 with similar weight and physical condition were chosen and then divided into four groups, with 30 replicates in each group and one lamb in each replicate. The first factor was fattening methods (group NP and group PS), and the second factor was breed (group HDF1 and group HB). The trial period lasted for 60 d. The result showed that compared with NP group, the water loss rate and water content of the longissimus dorsi in PS group decreased extremely (P<0.01), CP content increased extremely (P<0.01), the water loss rate of lamb arm triceps in PS group had a increasing trend (P<0.05), the water content of biceps femoris of PS group lambs decreased significantly (P<0.05), P content increased significantly (P<0.05), and CP content increased extremely (P<0.01). Compared with HB group, the meat color of longissimus dorsi of the lambs in the HDF1 group increased significantly (P<0.05), and pH24 value had a decreasing trend (P=0.050) the cooked meat rate of lamb arm triceps in HDF1 group decreased significantly (P<0.05), the shear force of the biceps femoris of the HDF1 lambs increased significantly (P<0.05), the water content and P content decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the water loss rate decreased extremely (P<0.01), CP and cooked meat rate had a increasing and decreasing trend respectively (P>0.05). The experiment indicates that compared with NP group, grazing and supplementary feeding can reduce the moisture of lamb meat, increase the content of CP and P and improve the nutritional value of lamb meat. Compared with HB group, the HDF1 group can reduce the moisture and water loss rate of mutton, improve meat color, shear force and CP content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant alcohol extract is a natural active substance extracted from an alcohol solution. The extraction method is simple and the extraction efficiency is high, plant alcohol extract rich in flavonoids and polyphenols, which plays anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor and antibacterial effects. The paper reviews the extraction process of plant alcohol extract, their biological effects and potential mechanisms, to provide reference for application of plant alcohol extract in animal husbandry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese herbal medicine is green, pollution-free and low-residual, which is one of the substitutes for antibiotics. Artemisia argyi, as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, essential amino acids, fatty acids and minerals, and multiple plant bioactive such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, organic acids, coumarins, terpene and essential oil. Artemisia argyi has many benefits to animal's health, including antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-osteoporosis, neuroprotection and immune regulation. The article summarized the nutrients and bioactive ingredients of Artemisia argyi, and provided references for the development and utilization of Artemisia argyi as a new feed additive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To conduct a preliminary assessment of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment for allergic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC)-associated ocular itch. Background: Current control measures for AKC rely primarily on drugs. IPL is effective for dry eye disease (DED). Furthermore, phototherapy is effective for managing skin inflammation and pruritus, suggesting that eye itching could decrease in some patients having AKC complicated with DED following IPL treatment to control dry eye symptoms. Methods: Thirty-five patients having DED complicated with mid-to-severe AKC were administered three IPL treatments to the periorbital skin. The eye scores of subjective symptoms and signs of AKC and tear film breakup time (TBUT) were retrospectively assessed before and after each treatment. Results: The scores for AKC-related symptoms and signs were determined four times: on Day 1 (time 0), Day 15 (time 1), Day 45 (time 2), and Day 75 (time 3) before each treatment. The average symptom score significantly decreased with treatments (time 0: 30.97, time 1: 15.03, time 3: 10). The average sign score for both eyes decreased after the first IPL treatment (left eye: 7.97 vs. 11.38; right eye: 8.1 vs. 11.1). There were no further improvements in the signs after the last treatment. The TBUT value in the right eye increased from times 0 to 3 (2.31 vs. 4.66 vs. 7.71 vs. 7.74). The TBUT value in the left eye increased from times 0 to 3 (2.50 vs. 6.97 vs. 7.57 vs. 8.24). Conclusions: Symptoms and signs improved after IPL treatment in patients with AKC. Eye itching was gradually controlled and rarely recurred. IPL may be effective for AKC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between clinical manifestations, blood testing, chest CT, treatment and fever of 457mild cases of COVID-19. Methods: A tatal of 457cases of mild COVID- 19 diagnosed in Wuhan Jianghan module Hospital from February 6,2020 to February 26,2020 were gathered,and the cases with/without fever were retrospectively analyzed in epidemiology, clinical manifestation, blood routing, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), pathogens serological testing, chest CT and drugs treatment. Results: For 312 fever cases, the average age was(47.6±10.9) years old, male was 128 cases(41%), the mean peak fever was 38(36.8,38.6)℃, fever lasting was 2(0,3)days, 131cases(28.7%) had Huanan seafood market exposure history, 90 cases(28.8%) had closely contact with COVID-19 patients, 20cases(6.4%) had hypertension history,10 cases（3.2%） had diabetes,5cases （1.6%）had coronary heart disease. Main symptoms of fever group including dry cough of 260cases(83.3%), of 104cases(33.3%),blood sputum of 9cases(2.9%), chest tightness 20cases(19.6%),shortness of breath of 87cases(27.9%), weak of 105cases(33.7%),diarrhea of 43cases(13.8%),sleep disorders of 61cases(19.6%), among fever cases with sputum and shortness of breath more rather without fever, and two groups were statistically significantly difference (P＜0.05). In fever group,WBC(109/L)[4.34 (3.69, 5.26) than 5.11 (4.22, 6.22), P < 0.001], NEUT (109 / L) [2.67 (2.1, 3.49) than 2.88 (2.37, 3.9), P < 0.05], LYM (109 / L) [0.9 (0.8, 1.1) than 1.36 (1.03, 1.85), P < 0.001), PLT (109 / L)/(106,188) 134-189 (132,224), P < 0.001) were lower than normal group, while WBC < 4.0 伊 109 / L [108 (34.6%) than 24 (16.6%), P < 0.001)], LYM < 1.0 伊 109 / L [189 (60.6%) than 31 (21.4%), P < 0.001)], PLT < 100 伊 109 / L [45 (14.4%) than in 2 (1.4%), P < 0.001) and hs - CRP (mg/L) [14 (6.83, 32) than 3.4 (0.96, 10.75), P < 0.001) were higher than normal group, and pathogens serological examination of 36cases shown influenza I/II virus IgM antibody positive in 3cases (8.3%), respiratory syncytial virus IgM antibody positive in 2 cases (5.6%), mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody positive (11.1%), 4 cases of adenovirus IgM antibody positive (11.1%), but 4 pathogens of fever group and normal group were no statistical difference (P > 0.05). According to early onset of chest CT examination, there were no change of 11cases(2.4%), unilateral lung lesions of 93cases(20.4%), bilateral lung lesions of 353 cases(77.2%), ground glass shadow of 228 cases (73.1%), high density shadow patch of 65 cases (20.8%), consolidation shadow of 6 cases (1.9%), while fever group compared with normal group, there were no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that LYM (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.139 ~ 0.415, P < 0.001), LYM < 1.0 x 109 / L (OR = 5.12, 95% CI = 3.07 ~ 8.65, P < 0.001), PLT < 100 伊 109 / L (OR = 6.1, 95% CI = 1.36 ~ 27.33, P < 0.05), and the hs - CRP (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02 ~ 1.05, P < 0.001) were fever independent impact factors in mild COVID-19. Aiming at COVID-19 treatment, Chinese medicine usage had 416cases (91%),antiviral drugs had 328cases(71.8%),and antibiotics had 172cases(37.6%),furthermore, fever group using antiviral and antibiotic drugs was higher than normal group(P＜0.05),and compared to low fever group, high fever group used more antibiotic drugs(P＜0.05). Conclusions: Mild COVID-19 patients with early onset had epidemiological characteristics, and fever,dry cough,expectoration and shortness of breath were main symptoms, and chest CT often involved bilateral lung lesions,ground glass shadow and patch density shadow.The fever patients in WBC, LYM, PLT,hs- CRP index changed significantly and could affect on anti-infective therapy selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To conduct a preliminary assessment of the intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment on the upper eyelid. Background: IPL therapy is an effective therapy for meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). The normal treatment region includes the skin below the lower eyelids and both temporal parts, but not the upper eyelid. Methods: Thirty patients with mid-to-severe dry eye disease caused by MGD were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Fifteen controls in group A received normal IPL treatment. Fifteen patients in Group B underwent additional IPL treatment on the upper eyelid. The change in noninvasive tear breakup time (BUT), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, patient satisfaction, and adverse events were measured and recorded at each visit, before each treatment. Results: The dry eye symptoms of the patients in both groups improved. The patients in group B had better recovery than those in group A: BUT (right eye: 11.6 - 3.67 sec vs. 7.73 - 1.99 sec; left eye: 12.73 - 4.19 sec vs. 7.73 - 1.40 sec), OSDI (8.87 - 4.31 vs. 14.93 - 3.47); patient satisfaction in group B remained good, but decreased in group A with prolonged treatment duration. No serious skin and eye complications were found in any patient. Conclusions: This study showed the patients who received IPL treatment on the upper eyelid experienced improved symptoms of MGD. A further long-term study should be conducted to increase our understanding of the effect of expanded IPL treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to study the growth performance and immunological effects of Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) in broilers. A total of 128 15-day-old broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four treatments: maize-soybean meal as the basal control diet or the basal diet containing either 100, 200 or 300 mg/kg of YSE. Each treatment was consisted of four replicate pens with eight broilers per pen. The experiment lasted 28 days. Body weight gain (BWG) and European broiler index (EBI) were recorded during grower period (d 15-28) and finisher period (d 29-42), respectively. On d 28 and 42, serum was collected to measure interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations and antibody titres against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in broilers. During grower period, growth performance and serum cytokine concentrations were not exhibited differences except the decreased IL-6 concentrations. During finisher period, BWG and EBI were both increased at 100mg/kg group; IL-6 and IFN-γ concentrations were enhanced with 100mg/kg YSE incorporation, while 200 and 300 mg/kg YSE levels reduced IL-4 production. Antibody titres against NDV was improved at 100mg/kg YSE level in both grower and finisher period. We concluded that dietary YSE supplementation could improve growth performance and immunological functions in broilers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For 20 years, intense pulsed light (IPL) technology has been used to treat various medical problems. IPL has since developed rapidly, becoming popular among patients worldwide. Recently, IPL has been used mainly for cosmetic purposes. Researchers are constantly seeking new applications of IPL to meet the increasing needs of patients. Objective: This review summarizes the development of IPL devices, discusses the current literature on the clinical application of IPL to increase our understanding of IPL, and provides guidance for broadening its clinical applications. Materials and methods: We performed a systematic search of electronic databases, including MEDLINE and PubMed and the authors experience on IPL to divide IPL development into three stages: germination, growth, and relative maturity. Results: Studies established the classical indications of IPL, including vascular lesions, pigmented lesions, hair growth, and photo rejuvenation. However, trials showed IPL has limited effects for complicated skin problems. Many studies explored rational combination therapies by IPL and laser or other cosmetic technologies. Conclusions: Based on previous research and the new generation of IPL devices, in the future, we predict wider and more effective clinical applications of IPL through the further improvement of IPL devices and their combined treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]