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Short-chain fatty acids produced by gut commensal bacteria play an important role in human physiology. Gut Veillonella and the metabolites acetate and propionate, produced by lactate fermentation, are associated with human health.

Professor总结张善忱先生在针灸领域主要临床经验与治学思想。先生注重理论探究，著有《针灸甲乙经腧穴重辑》一书，并发表系列文章考证和阐释腧穴之命名；认为临床之参悟须以理论为指导，强调整体综合辨证，树立人体为一有机整体以及与自然相适应等整体观念，加以综合诊断方能有效施治；主张从简取穴，辨虚实而定补泻，针法精炼而合法度，注重加强针下辨气以应之；同时，亦特别重视灸法在临床中的研究与应用，使之与针法相辅相成，两者相宜以成佳效。.

To explore clinical effect of acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after orthopaedic surgery under general anesthesia.From January 2018 to December 2019, 168 patients who met inclusion criteria and were underwent selective spine surgery, were double-blind divided into two groups according to central random system, 84 patients in each group. In control group, there were 39 males and 45 females aged from 30 to 65 years old with an average of (53.83±9.17) years old, 37 patients were classified to typeⅠand 47 patients were typeⅡ according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grading. In experiment group, there were 39 males and 45 females aged from 30 to 65 years old with an average of (54.08±9.00) years old; 32 patients were classified to typeⅠand 52 patients were typeⅡ according to ASA grading. Both of two groups were obtained acupoint application before anesthesia induction, and acupoint application were put onThere were no statistical differences in incidence of nausea vomiting, VAS of narusea degree at 24 h after operation (The curative effect of acupoint application of traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting is not obvious.

Alkali cations (A+ = Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) were coordinated with 1,2,3-hexamethylcucurbit[5]uril (1,2,3-HMeQ[5]) using different structure directing agents. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of heterometallic molecular capsule-like complexes in the presence of [CdCl4]2− anions as a structure directing agent. One portal of the 1,2,3-HMeQ[5] molecule is covered by a Cd2+ cation, while the other portal is covered by a A+ cation, and a chloride anion occupies the cavity of the Q[5] molecule. In contrast, in the presence of p-nitrophenol, a molecular bowl-like complex is formed, in which only one portal is covered by an A+ cation, and a water molecule occupies the cavity of the Q[5] molecule. The comparative study of these complexes suggest that the structure directing agents play important roles in the self-assembly of coordination complexes.

To explore clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy through two different approaches in treating upper lumbar disc herniation.From March 2015 to August 2019, 32 patients with upper lumbar disc herniation treated by percutaneous endoscopic lumbar dicecromy(PELD) were analyzed retrospectively and divided into percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) and percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) group according to different methods. There were 19 patients in PETD group, including 10 males and 9 females aged from 30 to 65 years old with an average of (44.70±12.08) years old;5 patients on LOperation were successful operated in 32 patients and obtained following up without nerve injury and infection of intervertebral space. One patient in PETD groups occurred dural sac tear in operation, but no adverse reaction afteroperation. PETD group was followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of (15.80±3.48) months, while PEID group was followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of (16.70±4.66) months, while there was no statistical difference between two groups (Both of two surgical approach could achieve satisfactory efficacy in treating upper lumbar disc herniation, PETD is more suitable for central herniation, paracentric herniation and patients with mild displacement, PEID has advantage on prolapse free type protrusion.

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The skin friction degradation was analyzed by using a softening model, and the relationship between unit end resistance and pile end displacement was simulated using a hyperbolic model. Determinations of the parameters related to the softening model of skin friction were presented. As to the bearing behavior of an axially loaded pile, an iterative computer program was developed by using the proposed softening model of skin friction and hyperbolic model of end resistance. Comparisons of the response of an axially loaded pile demonstrate that the proposed method is generally in good agreement with the field-observed behavior, and can assess the failure characteristic of skin friction. For practical purposes, different load transfer functions can be selected in the proposed method to capture the response of an axially loaded pile.

The conventional load-transfer approach can not consider the interaction of piles, and can not be directly used in the analysis of the response of pile groups. The interactive effects among piles can be taken into account in the shear displacement method based on the principle of superposition. In the present analysis, the shaft displacement of a single pile at a given depth is assumed to be composed of the pile-soil relative displacement developed at the disturbed soil around pile and the elastic vertical soil displacement developed in the soil mass. A new load-transfer function which is very similar to a hyperbolic model is then established to describe the relationship between unit skin friction and shaft displacement at a given depth. Furthermore, a hyperbolic model is used to simulate the relationship between unit end resistance and pile end displacement. As to the analysis of the response of pile groups, the interactive effects among piles are considered by using the shear displacement method. For an individual pile in pile groups, new load-transfer functions are established to capture the relationship between unit skin friction and shaft displacement and the relationship between end resistance and pile end displacement. Based on the fourth order Runge-Kutta method, a modified load-transfer method is proposed to analyze the response of pile groups considering the interactive effects among piles. The reliability of the present method is checked by using comparisons of the present calculated results, the measured results and the computed values derived from other methods.

This paper proposes a single exponential model and a double exponential model to simulate the relationship between pile displacement and unit skin friction developed at the pile-soil interface. Based on the proposed two models, two simple analytical approaches were presented for nonlinear analysis of the response of a single tension pile. A highly effective iterative computer program was developed by using the load transfer method. Comparisons of the present computed results, the calculated results derived from other analytical methods, and measured results were made to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed analytical methods.

This work presents a simplified approach for the nonlinear analysis of the load–displacement response of a single pile and pile groups embedded in multilayered soils. A hyperbolic model is used to capture the relationship between the skin friction and the pile–soil relative displacement developing along the pile–soil interface. The shaft displacement is assumed to be composed of the pile–soil relative displacement developing at the disturbed soil around the pile shaft and the elastic vertical soil displacement developing in the soil mass. The relationship between the shaft displacement and the skin friction is then presented. Moreover, a hyperbolic model is also used to capture the relationship between end resistance and pile end displacement. Considering the interactive effect among piles, hyperbolic models of an individual pile in pile groups are proposed. As to the analysis of the response of a single pile and pile groups, considering the progressive deformation of the pile–soil system, a highly effective iterative computer program is developed using the proposed hyperbolic models. Comparisons of the load–settlement responses demonstrate that the proposed method is generally in good agreement with the field-observed behavior and the calculated results derived from other approaches.

Prediction of uplift pile response is an interesting area of research in the field of geotechnical engineering. In the present approach, a hyperbolic model is adopted to simulate the relationship between pile displacement and unit skin friction developed at the pile–soil interface. Based on the hyperbolic model, a simple analytical approach is proposed to analyse the nonlinear response of a single pile subjected to tension load. Furthermore, comparisons of the results derived from the present method, other analytical methods and well-documented field experimental pile loading cases are made to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed analytical methods. The proposed simple analytical approach is economical and efficient, and suitable for the analysis of a tension pile embedded into layered soils using a hyperbolic model.

In a recent paper [Comput. Geotech. 75 (2016) 145–158] the authors proposed a simplified method to describe the nonlinear behaviour of a single pile and a pile group considering the interaction between two-piles. In the present note, some key questions, e.g., the prediction of the settlement at the midpoint of each segment, the effects of parameters on the modulus degradation curve, and the response of a pile group with different conditions of pile cap, are discussed in detail.

To analyze the X-ray characteristics in youth neck type of cervical spondylosis with upper crossed syndrome(UCS).The patients who had a neck type of cervical spondylosis with or without UCS were selected from January to October 2017, 20 cases in each group, and 10 normal volunteers were chosen in the study. X-ray examination of lateral and hyperextension-hyperflexion of cervical spine were performed to observe cervical spine angle, angular displacement and adjacent vertebral body slip.The cervical spine angle was (-0.40±9.64)° in the UCS group, significantly less than (14.35±9.01)° in the normal group and (12.34±5.65)° in the non-UCS group(In young patients who has a neck type of cervical spondylosis with UCS, the cervical curvature prone to straighten or reverse, the upper cervical flexion and extension are limited, while the lower cervical is in a flexion.

To explore the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic BEIS technology for lumbar lateral recess stenosis in the elderly.From February 2014 to May 2016, 21 patients with lumbar lateral recess stenosis in elderly were treated with percutaneous endoscopic BEIS. There were 13 males and 8 females, aged from 70 to 85 years old with an average of 74.3 years. Preoperative, 1 and 12 months postoperative visual analogue scale(VAS) scores and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) were statistically analyzed. MacNab was used to assess the clinical effects.All the operations were successful. The time ranged from 90 to 130 min with an average of 110 min. All the patients were followed up for 12 to 38 months with an average of 18 months. Preoperative, 1 and 12 months postoperative VAS scores were 8.47±1.23, 1.78±0.72, 0.68±0.32, and ODI scores were 32.48±10.03, 19.53±3.55, and 5.15±1.02, respectively. Postoperative scores of VAS and ODI were obviously improved(Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic BEIS is a safe and effective method for lumbar lateral recess stenosis in the elderly.

In the project of the fill section widening of the cantilever high retaining wall of the old embankment, the construction of the embankment widening is carried out under the condition of allowing cars to drive through. As the stability of the old embankment and the normal and safe car driving shall be guaranteed, the cantilever reinforcement high retaining wall can’t be dismantled once for all or completely during the widening process, and the conventional construction of excavating the steps for joining the new and old embankments. This paper aims to solve the defects of the conventional construction method by introducing a newly-developed construction technology of embankment widening of waterside cantilever high retaining wall, which can effectively solve the anti-floating problem of the light-weight embankment, prevent the differential deformation at the joint of the wall bottom plate and the reinforced concrete continuous slab of the cantilever retaining wall, and improve the bearing capacity of the embankment.

The conventional subgrade slope usually adopts masonry protection. As the wall top is difficult to be provided with water proofing, the construction quality can’t be guaranteed. Thus, during the rainy seasons, rain infiltrates downward along the wall body to make the soil body behind the wall to be soaked to settle, which leads to subsurface erosion and finally damages the facing wall and the slope. The masonry retaining wall needs to consume a large amount of stones, and the wall surface can’t be planted, which doesn’t conform to the national requirements on energy-saving and consumption-reducing and ecological highway development. This paper innovates on the conventional retaining wall technology and introduces a newly-researched construction technology of three-dimensional reinforced rigid-flexible composite ecological retaining wall, which greatly improves the integrity and anti-deformation capability of the soil body behind the wall, reduces the subsidiary stress on the foundation base, improves the bearing capacity of the foundation, and the anti-sliding and anti-overturning stability of the retaining wall.

the construction method of the ordinary cemented soil stiffness core composite pile is that the pile peripheral cemented soil and the core pile are constructed at different time, which might lead to the situations as the pile body is broken due to the forced inserting of the core pile into the cemented soil mixed pile after the initial setting time, the neighboring finished pile is damaged due to the compacting effect caused by the reaming construction of the core pile and the failure of effectively transferring the load due to the loose joining of stiffness core pile and the cemented soil whose construction is completed after the initial setting time. This paper aims to overcome the defects of the conventional construction method by introducing a new construction technology, and the construction technology is verified to be reliable through the application in the actual engineering projects and has the advantages that the peripheral soil body is significantly strengthened, the composite pile foundation can effectively overcome the harm as uneven settlement of buildings, so as to ensure the normal usage of the buildings, and the construction technology has excellent economic benefits and is significant for the later construction technology for treating the soft soil foundation.

By adopting the conventional pile foundation to treat the area of thick overburden on soft soil, the reinforcing effect can’t meet the use requirement: by adopting the bulk material pile, the lower pile body strength can’t be ensured, and by adopting the cemented soil mixing pile for reinforcing, the pile is difficult to form and the reinforcing depth can’t meet the requirement. This paper aims to overcome the defects of the conventional construction method by adopting different materials to treat, namely, the concrete rigid pile is adopted for reinforcing the soft soil layer with poor soil body quality and the cement mortar flexible pile is adopted for reinforcing the overburden with excellent soil body quality, therefore not only the reinforcing effect is ensured, but also the construction cost is saved.

A simplified approach for nonlinear analysis of the load-displacement response of pile groups embedded in multilayered soils is presented in this work. A hyperbolic model is used to capture the relationship between unit skin friction and pile-soil relative displacement developed along the pile-soil interface and the stress-displacement relationship developed at the pile end. Considering interactive effect among piles, the parameters related to the hyperbolic model of an individual pile in a group can be computed. As to the analysis of the response of pile groups, a highly effective iterative computer program is developed using the hyperbolic model of an individual pile in a group. The efficiency and accuracy of the present method is verified using a well-documented field test. Furthermore, a parametric study is conducted to capture the influence of pile spacing and number of piles on the load-settlement response of the pile groups connected to a rigid cap. The pile-group settlement ratio and the pile-group resistance ratio are analyzed to assess the interaction effect among individual piles.

Four activated carbons (ACs) with different properties were heat-treated at 600 °Cfor 3 h and the ACs before and after the treatment were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and XPS. The relationship between pore texture, surface chemistry and dibenzothiophene adsorption capacity was investigated. It is found that pore volume for the pore below 1nm and between 1.1-1.6 nm decreases and increases respectively, and mesopore volume increases after the heat treatment. The Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of the four samples remain almost the same after the treatment. The surface oxygen content decreases after the treatment. The adsorption isotherms can be better fitted by Freundlich equation than Langmuir equation, indicating that the adsorption sites on surface of the ACs is inhomogeneous. The dibenzothiophene adsorption capacity has a linear relationship with the pore volume of the pores in the range of 0.536-1.179 nm, indicating that micropore filling of dibenzothiophene is the dominant mechanism for dibenzothiophene adsorption. The adsorption capacity of dibenzothiophene for the pristine ACs is larger than that of the heat-treated ACs under the same pore volume for the pores in the range of 0.536-1.179 nm, indicating that surface oxygen functional groups favors the adsorption for dibenzothiophene.

Cu-doped carbon aerogels were prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde in aqueous solution to produce organic gels that are supercritically dried in n-hexane and subsequently pyrolyzed in an inert atmosphere, using sodium carbonate as catalyst and copper acetate as copper source. The addition amount of the copper acetate in the initial reaction mixture has a profound effect on the surface morphology and pore texture of the resulting aerogel. It is shown that the introduction of copper lead to generation of ultrafine micropores. The desulfurization performance of the as-obtained carbon aerogels was evaluated by selective adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a model sulfur compound and benzene as a competitive aromatic compound. It is found that the adsorption capacity for DBT is related to the volume of micropores. And the selectivity is improved with the increase of copper content, indicating the presence of copper is favorable to DBT retention on the surface via its π-complexation effect.

The carbon aerogels doped with nickel were produced by sol-gel, supercritical ethanol drying, and high-temperature carbonization, using resorcinol-furfural as carbon source, nickel nitrate as nickel source, absolute ethanol as dispersion medium, 1,2-epoxypropane as gel initiator, polyacrylic acid as the chelating agent. The carbon aerogels were characterized by nitrogen adsorption and XRD. The effects of the molar ratio of 1,2-epoxypropane to nickel on porosity of the Ni-doped carbon aerogels were investigated. It is found that the Ni-doped carbon aerogels have abundant mesopores and the doped nickel is dispersed in samples in metallic state and oxide or pure metal depending on the preparation conditions. The mesopore volume and average mesopore size all increase with the ratio of 1,2-epoxypropane to nickel.

Based on boundary surface elastoplastic theory, a boundary surface elastoplastic constitutive model is established which is considered both structural property and rheological behavior of soft clay with the method of taking Cam-Clay yield surface as boundary surface. The structural parameters are introduced to calculate structure-damage strain. Plastic volumetric strain is regarded as a function timetso that a rheological parameter is introduced. The constitutive model is validated by numerical analysis of triaxial rheological tests.

As injector injects coiled tubing into well to a certain depth, the coiled tubing is unable to be injected continuously because of the increasing friction between the coiled tubing and the wellbore. With the core technology being an effective role in the Coanda Effect control switch, the Water Hammer Vibrator may extend the depth of the coiled tubing into the wellbore. Firstly, the paper verifies the effectiveness of the Coanda Effect control switch in Water Hammer Vibrator. Secondly, it optimizes the structure of the Coanda Effect control switch and improves the driving force of the piston of the water hammer vibrator without changing the injection flow rate, pressure and the other boundary conditions. Finally, it obtains varying patterns of the hydraulic cylinder pressure at both ends in the process of the Coanda feedback and trigger action by the experiment of the Coanda Effect control switch to measure pressure at both ends of hydraulic cylinder with the NI data acquisition unit. The results confirm the validity of the optimized Coanda Effect control switch in water hammer vibrator, so as to ensure the implementation and improvement in the water hammer effect of Water Hammer Vibrator.

In order to control and monitor downhole equipment, it is needed to inject cable into coiled tubing. Being directly against the drawback of the traditional injecting method, a new method of adding pressurized water has been put forward. By using Workbench software, this paper researched the regular pattern that water flow’s pressureaffects cable in coiled tubing after it has various deformations in both entrance and main part of coiled tubing, taking 25mm diameter coiled tubing with 3mm diameter cable as an example. It also simulated the effects of water flow toward cable in coiled tubing as well as how the different diverging distances of entrance for injection affects the speed of cable during injection, taking 50.8mm diameter coiled tubing with 5.6 mm diameter cable as an example. It determined the optimal position of cable entrance and provided the theoretic foundation for the possibility and practical manipulation of the new method for injecting cable into coiled tubing.

To explore the clinical effects of percataneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.The clinical data of 46 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion underwent percataneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy were retrospectively analyzed. There were 21 males and 25 females, aged from 23 to 65 years old with an average of 42 years. The course of disease was from 5 to 87 months with an average of 13.4 months. Protrusion located in L₂,₃ of 2 cases, L₃,₄ of 3 cases, L₄,₅ of 28 cases, L₅S₁ of 13 cases. There were 5 patients with central type, 34 with para-side type, 7 with extreme lateral type. VAS, ODI and JOA scores were used to analyze the condition of pain releasing and lumbar functional improvement. According to MacNab standard to evaluate the clinical effect at final follow-up.All the operations were successful, operative time was 125 to 210 min with a mean of 153.6 min; and all the patients were follow-up for 6 to 12 months with an average of 8 months; no injuries of nerve and blood vessel, infection were found. Postoperative 3 days and final follow-up, VAS score was 3.1±0.7, 2.2±0.6 respectively, and was obviously lower than preoperative 7.3±1.2(Percataneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is a minimally invasive technique, with advantage of safety and effectiveness, and apply to treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion.

To evaluate the operative characteristic, safety, clinical effect of percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) in treating displacement-type lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion on L₂-L₅.Form November 2015 to October 2016, 15 patients with displacement-type lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion were treated with percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy. There were 9 males and 6 females, aged from 19 to 63 years old with an average of 42 years. All the patients with single-segment displacement-type lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion were diagnosed by clinical and iconography data, and complicated with low back pain and single lower limbs radioactivity pain. Lesion occurred in L₄,₅ of 8 cases, L₃,₄ of 4 cases, L₂,₃ of 3 cases. The patients were divided into 4 regions according to Lee standard (displaced nucleus pulposus location on spinal canal), I region was 2 cases, II region was 3 cases, III region was 5 cases, IV region was 5 cases.Preoperative, postoperative 3 months, final follow-up, lumbago-leg pain and lumbar function were assessed by VAS, JOA scores;at final follow-up, MacNab was used to evaluate the clinical effect;postoperative 3 months, rechecked lumbar MRI to observe discectomy condition.All the operations were successfully complete under local anesthesia, and no complications such as injuries of nerve root and dural sac, postoperative hemorrhage, local infection were found. Operative time was 45 to 90 min with an average of 54.8 min;and hospitalization time was 3 to 4 days with an average of 3 days. All 15 cases were followed up for 12 to 13 months with an average of 12.2 months, no recurrence was found. Preoperation, postoperative 3, 12 months, VAS scores were 8.2±1.4, 3.0±0.6, 1.7±0.5, JOA scores were 8.76±3.32, 23.61±2.14, 24.82±3.43, respectively. Postoperative VAS, JOA scores were obviously improved(PEID is a micro-trauma surgical method and has advantage of safe and effective in treating displacement-type lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion on L₂-L₅, but requires laminoplasty during operation, and under local anesthesia to operation maybe can induce neurostimulation.

This paper expounds the model pile of various types and different loading measurement method, and introduces the model test of pile foundation; big full scale model test of pile foundation, pile foundation indoor common model test research and its limitations, this paper expounds the advantages and disadvantages of different test methods.

Throughout the history of the development of piles, they play an important role in the progress of humanity. And along with the advance of modern science and technology and social development, pile foundation has been great development. There is a rise of piles called special-shape piles in recent years, which shows strong adaptability of modern construction. Compared with traditional circular pile, emerging pile has developed rapidly, showing extraordinary to adapt to the modern trend of pile foundation construction. Some characteristics of new type of pile has been developed and put into practical use, and good results have been achieved.

Underground continuous wall has received more and more attention in the construction field as the important part in the foundation engineering. Pointing at the deformation characteristic of continuous wall, the factors which influent the deformation of continuous including the intrinsic mechanical characteristic and time effect in the construction area. The main calculation methods and various of calculation models are concluded as well as the construction technology, which concludes the research production in the continuous wall field and pointing the direction for the following research.

Aiming at the defect happened in existing bridges, a side-excitation way is adopted. Here, the mutual interfere phenomenon between transverse-and longitudinal-wave will appear, which certainly will be influence the reflection the information from fault position. Meanwhile, considering the responses of displacement are too lower, the velocities are used as test data so as to reduce the influence of noise. In the paper, the eigencurves with significant distinctions is suggested, the feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated by a concrete item.

Aiming at the defect happened in existing bridges, a side-excitation way is adopted. Here, the mutual interfere phenomenon between P-wave and S-wave will appear, which certainly will be influence the reflection of the information from fault position. In the paper, considering that the multi-resolution and local features within time-frequency of signal can be appeared by wavelet transform, a defect diagnosing method which utilize eigencurves of acceleration responses is presented, a group typical eigencurves which fit for reinforced concrete piles are given.

Precast thin-wall steel and spun concrete composite pile (TSC pile) is a kind of new type of steel-concrete composite pile whose bearing performance is between steel pile and concrete pile. This article adopted FEM software to set up 3D TSC pile model to analyze its performance. Through the comparison with actual pure bending bearing experiment results, the model’s reliability was verified and the results showed that the model was reliable. Then lots of bending bearing capacity contrast calculations were conducted by using different cross section parameters (outside diameter, concrete pipe’s wall thickness and steel pipe’s wall thickness), and the influences of these parameters on bending resistance of TSC pile were discussed. The results showed that: with the increase of outside diameter, concrete pipe’s wall thickness and steel pipe’s wall thickness, TSC pile’s ultimate flexural bearing capacity increased. The influences of different parameters were not the same, outside diameter was the most important parameter, then concrete pipe’s wall thickness, and the last one was steel pipe’s wall thickness.