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Copper-based brazing filler materials are commonly employed in vacuum brazing techniques to achieve joining of plasma-facing components for ITER. In this work, gas-driven permeation (GDP) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) experiments have been performed to study the hydrogen isotopes permeation and retention behavior in two types of brazing filler materials (CuMnNi and CuGeNi metals). Experimental results show that CuMnNi filler exhibits the similar deuterium (D) permeability with CuMnNi filler but lower diffusion coefficients than CuGeNi filler. Three distinct peaks are observed between 380 K and 980 K for CuMnNi filler. However, no evident desorption peak is observed for CuGeNi filler. CuGeNi filler may be considered as a potential brazing filler material for reducing tritium inventory.

Abstract BRISC (BRCC3 isopeptidase complex) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that has been linked with inflammatory processes, but its role in liver diseases and the underlying mechanism are unknown. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological role of BRISC in acute liver failure using a mice model induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that the expression of BRISC components was dramatically increased in kupffer cells (KCs) upon LPS treatment in vitro or by the injection of LPS in D-GalN-sensitized mice. D-GalN plus LPS-induced liver damage and mortality in global BRISC-null mice were markedly attenuated, which was accompanied by impaired hepatocyte death and hepatic inflammation response. Constantly, treatment with thiolutin, a potent BRISC inhibitor, remarkably alleviated D-GalN/LPS-induced liver injury in mice. By using bone marrow-reconstituted chimeric mice and cell-specific BRISC-deficient mice, we demonstrated that KCs are the key effector cells responsible for protection against D-GalN/LPS-induced liver injury in BRISC-deficient mice. Mechanistically, we found that hepatic and circulating levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, and IL-1β, as well as TNF-α- and MCP-1-producing KCs, in BRISC-deleted mice were dramatically decreased as early as 1 h after D-GalN/LPS challenge, which occurred prior to the elevation of the liver injury markers. Moreover, LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines production in KCs was significantly diminished by BRISC deficiency in vitro, which was accompanied by potently attenuated NF-κB activation. Restoration of NF-κB activation by two small molecular activators of NF-κB p65 effectively reversed the suppression of cytokines production in ABRO1-deficient KCs by LPS. In conclusion, BRISC is required for optimal activation of NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory cytokines production in LPS-treated KCs and contributes to acute liver injury. This study opens the possibility to develop new strategies for the inhibition of KCs-driven inflammation in liver diseases.

Ionizing radiation exposure can cause damage to diverse tissues and organs, with the hematopoietic system being the most sensitive. However, limited information is available regarding the radiosensitivity of various hematopoietic cell populations in the bone marrow due to the high heterogeneity of the hematopoietic system. In this study, we observed that granulocyte–macrophage progenitors, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, and B cells within the bone marrow showed the highest sensitivity, exhibiting a rapid decrease in cell numbers following irradiation. Nonetheless, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and dendritic cells demonstrated a certain degree of radioresistance, with neutrophils exhibiting the most pronounced resistance. By employing single-cell transcriptome sequencing, we investigated the early responsive genes in various cell types following irradiation, revealing that distinct gene expression profiles emerged between radiosensitive and radioresistant cells. In B cells, radiation exposure led to a specific upregulation of genes associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, suggesting a connection between these complexes and cell radiosensitivity. In neutrophils, radiation exposure resulted in fewer gene alterations, indicating their potential for distinct mechanisms in radiation resistance. Collectively, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanism for the heterogeneity of radiosensitivity among the various bone marrow hematopoietic cell populations.

Since 2016, community group buying has grown significantly in China, largely driven by its efficient logistics, supply chains, low prices, and convenience. This model has been further popularized during the COVID-19 pandemic due to its effectiveness in meeting daily needs while minimizing human-to-human contact. A key component of this business model are the “group leaders” - influential individuals within a community responsible for managing group buying activities, which include order collection, supplier liaison, and goods distribution. Their primary task is to form and sustain a reliable community group buying consortium, a task that demands excellent organizational and interpersonal skills. This paper examines this phenomenon using the lens of the differential mode of association, a theoretical model explaining interpersonal relationships in traditional Chinese society. The research indicates that group leaders, through regular interaction with consumers, are able to alter their social network position, increase their influence, understand consumer needs, provide satisfying services, and enhance trust, thereby transforming consumers into loyal group buying participants. This transformation not only brings stability to group buying activities but also reinforces the community influence of group leaders, thus fostering the growth of community group buying.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: We enrolled 294 patients with AIS and collected peripheral blood samples for analysis of lymphocyte subsets. Prognosis was assessed at 3 months using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Association between lymphocyte count and poor outcomes (mRS score >2) was assessed using logistic regression. Individualized prediction models were developed to predict poor outcomes. Results: Patients in the mRS score ≤2 group had higher T‐cell percentage (odds ratio [OR] = 0.947; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.899–0.998; p = 0.040), CD3+ T‐cell count (OR = 0.999; 95% CI: 0.998–1.000; p = 0.018), and CD4+ T‐cell count (OR = 0.998; 95% CI: 0.997–1.000; p = 0.030) than those in the mRS score >2 group 1–3 days after stroke. The prediction model for poor prognosis based on the CD4+ T‐cell count showed good discrimination (area under the curve of 0.844), calibration (p > 0.05), and clinical utility. Conclusion: Lower T cell percentage, CD3+, and CD4+ T‐cell counts 1–3 days after stroke were independently associated with increased risk of poor prognosis. Individualized predictive model of poor prognosis based on CD4+ T‐cell count have good accuracy and may predict disease prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The involvement of left-behind children (LBC) in school bullying has raised concern in China. However, the susceptibility of LBC to engage in bullying is controversial, and comprehensive, representative studies covering the entire country are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of school bullying among LBC. The Chinese National Knowledge Network, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and EBSCO databases were searched for literature on being left-behind and bullying before April 2022. The effect size was measured by odds ratio (ORs), standard mean difference (SMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI). Random-effects or fixed-effects models were selected for meta-analysis, and subgroup analysis was used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis included 25 studies of school bullying among LBC and non-LBC (NLBC). The prevalence of bullying perpetration and victimization among LBC were 18.58% (95% CI [3.72%, 33.44%], p <.05) and 40.62% (95% CI [25.47%, 55.78%], p <.05), respectively. Compared with NLBC, the risk of bullying perpetration and victimization among LBC increased 1.97 times (OR = 1.97, 95% CI [1.77, 2.20], p <.05) and 2.17 times (OR = 2.17, 95% CI [1.43, 3.29], p <.05), respectively. The severity of bullying experienced by LBC was higher than that of NLBC (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI [0.20, 0.79], p <.05). The prevalence and severity of school bullying were higher in LBC than in NLBC, and left-behindness was positively associated with school bullying. LBC are a crucial population to protect when developing bullying interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.04.018

C14H12Cl2N4Pd, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 11.990(3) Å, b = 13.027(3) Å, c = 9.730(2) Å, β = 92.163(4)°, V = 1518.7(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0290, wRref(F2) = 0.0856, T = 296(2) K.

In this paper, we propose an image enhancement algorithm combining non-subsampled shearlet transform and gradient-domain guided filtering to address the problems of low resolution, noise amplification, missing details, and weak edge gradient retention in the X-ray image enhancement process. First, we decompose histogram equalization and nonsubsampled shearlet transform to the original image. We get a low-frequency sub-band and several high-frequency sub-bands. Adaptive gamma correction with weighting distribution is used for the low-frequency sub-band to highlight image contour information and improve the overall contrast of the image. The gradient-domain guided filtering is conducted for the high-frequency sub-bands to suppress image noise and highlight detail and edge information. Finally, we reconstruct all the effectively processed sub-bands by the inverse non-subsampled shearlet transform and obtain the final enhanced image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good results in X-ray image enhancement, and its objective index also has evident advantages over some classical algorithms.

The energy characteristics of the main deuterium (D) traps in CuCrZr alloy samples, which were previously annealed at temperatures of 773, 873, 973 and 1073 K and then exposed to D2 gas at a pressure of 2.5 × 104 Pa and a temperature of 723 K for 10 h, were studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy. Samples of oxygen free copper (OFC) were also investigated in the same way. For OFC, annealing at 773 K could reduce D retention appreciably. It indicates the temperature of 773 K is high enough to reduce the total D amount trapped by intrinsic defects (i.e. vacancies, dislocations and grain boundaries). However, for CuCrZr alloy, heat treatment does not reduce the D retention significantly until the annealing temperature is higher than 1073 K. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) observations show that the density of precipitate particles especially the Zr-rich precipitate particles increase for the 1073 K-annealed one. It suggests the dissolved Zr atoms in the substrate are responsible for the D retention in CuCrZr alloy. D detrapping energy from the dissolved Zr atoms in CuCrZr alloy is estimated to be 0.98 eV from the TDS measurements.

The photoperiodic flowering pathway is essential for plant reproduction. As blue and ultraviolet-A light receptors, cryptochromes play an important role in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering. Lilium × formolongi is an important cut flower that flowers within a year after seed propagation. Floral induction is highly sensitive to photoperiod. In this study, we isolated the CRYPTOCHROME2 gene (LfCRY2) from L. × formolongi. The predicted LfCRY2 protein was highly homologous to other CRY2 proteins. The transcription of LfCRY2 was induced by blue light. LfCRY2 exhibits its highest diurnal expression during the floral induction stage under both long-day and short-day photoperiods. Overexpression of LfCRY2 in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted flowering under long days but not short days, and inhibited hypocotyl elongation under blue light. Furthermore, LfCRY2 was located in the nucleus and could interact with L. × formolongi CONSTANS-like 9 (LfCOL9) and A. thaliana CRY-interacting basic-helix-loop-helix 1 (AtCIB1) in both yeast and onion cells, which supports the hypothesis that LfCRY2 hastens the floral transition via the CIB1-CO pathway in a manner similar to AtCRY2. These results provide evidence that LfCRY2 plays a vital role in promoting flowering under long days in L. × formolongi.