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OBJECTIVE To find out the effectiveness of different strategies of behavior modification techniques on children having intellectual disability in specific time period under controlled setting and compare pre and post scores. STUDY DESIGN ABA research design, Pre and post intervention research design was used in the current study. PLACE AND DURATION OF THE STUDY The study was conducted in center of children having special needs at Faisalabad (private sector) in duration of 1 year (January 2014 to December 2014). SUBJECTS AND METHODS 36 children diagnosed with intellectual disability were included in current studies, comprised of 20 boys and 16 girls. A diagnostic criterion of DSM-V for intellectual disability was applied to diagnose the children. Portage Guide to Early Education (PGEE) was selected and then find out the developmental age of children and in some of the cases to find out the functional level of intellectually impaired children. For diagnostic point of view intelligence test includes Slosson Intelligence test was administered for screening children and Colored Progressive Matrices was used to find out the level of mental maturity. Behavior modification techniques that were selected for administration of IEP's in specific areas were reinforcement techniques, shaping, chaining, prompt-fading and negative punishment. The training program consists of five days per week and four hours per day by the help of team of trained professionals; specifically all were trained clinical psychologists. RESULTS Repeated measure t-test has shown significant statistical difference between pre and post ratings of the Intellectually Disabled children on all the domains including Self Help, motor, cognitive, language and socialization of PGEE, results shows the difference respectively; t (35)= - 8.82, -8. 393, -7.496. -7.541 & -7.4295, p=.000 two tailed on above mentioned domains. Intellectually disabled children scored higher in post ratings (M=52.25, SD= 15.39); (M=54.58, SD= 12.46); (M=37.25, SD= 18.13) ; (M=43.44, SD= 19.00) ; (M=52.56, SD= 17.33) on Self Help, motor, cognitive. Language and socialization domains of PGEE then pre test rating (m=44.67, SD= 16.44); (m=44.78, SD= 13.52); (M=29.53, SD= 18.13); (M=36.47, SD= 19.74); (M=43.75, SD= 16.83). CONCLUSION IEP's do work effectively in dealing with children having special needs with use of behavioral intervention as it was found in our research that drastic change in post rating of each adaptive area like Self help, Motor, Cognitive, Language and Socialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To assess quality of sleep and associated health issues in psychiatric patients. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional design. PLACE AND DURATION OF THE STUDY The study was conducted in the department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, D.H.Q Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan over the period of six months. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Through purposive consecutive sampling, 108 psychiatric patients participated in the study. Data were collected on Demographic variable Performa and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS Results demonstrated that more than half of the sample was females and married. One sample t-test confirmed thai majority of sample had poor quality of sleep (M = 11.57, SD = 4.14), t (107) = 13.89, p - 0.00. Further Analysis of Variance showed that psychiatric patients with lung disease and obesity had poor quality of sleep, similarly negative correlation was found between pain andquality of sleep. CONCLUSION Research findings concluded that most of the psychiatric patients were females suffering from different types of physical health issues and had poor quality of sleep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To Measure Immediate and long term complications of Electro Convulsive Therapy (ECT) on the patients who received it. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF THE STUDY The study was conducted in the Department of psychiatry and BS DHQ teaching hospital, Faisalabad Medical University from 01.07.2019 to 30.06.2020. SUBJECTS AND METHODS 443 electro convulsive treatment were included in the study using convenience sampling technique. Patients who received these ECTs were between 18-65 years of age, of both genders, presenting to Department of psychiatry and BS DHQ teaching hospital, Faisalabad Medical University with Resistant Depression, Bipolar Depression, resistant Schizophrenia, Resistant Mania, Major Depression with Suicide, Catatonia, Postpartum Psychosis and depression as per the criteria of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10. Immediate complications were measured after each ECT while long term complications were measured at the end of ECT treatment. A pre designed check list was used to measure complications. RESULTS Out of 443 ECTs, 127 (27.3%) were given to male patients and 316 (71%) to female patients. Out of them 83.9% patients did not show any immediate complication. 8.9% showed headache, 4.9% has body aches and 2.4% had transient Amnesia. None of the patient reported any long term complications like Anterograde Amnesia, Retrograde Amnesia, Denture Disturbance, Burn or any other. CONCLUSION Conventional ECT has not been found associated with any long term complications. It implies that where needed ECT may not be avoided only because of unavailability of anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE The study was designed to see the frequency of co morbid anxiety, depression and mixed anxiety and depressive disorder among patients having dissociative disorder. The second objective is to see the relationship of gender, education, marital status, availability of social support, family system, and socioeconomic status with dissociative disorder patients co morbid with psychiatric disorders. STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional study design. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was conducted in the inpatient department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad from June 2010 to May 2011. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred patients with dissociative disorder participated in this study through purposive convenient sampling technique. Diagnostic and research criteria of ICD-10 was employed to diagnose dissociative disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, depression (Mild. Moderate, Severe) and mixed anxiety and depressive disorder. SPSS 17 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Out of 100 dissociative patients 51 (51 %} had a psychiatric co morbidity. 16 (31.37 %) had Generalized Anxiety, 19 (37.25 %) had mild depression. 10 (19.61 %) had moderate depression and 06 (11.76 %) had mixed anxiety and depressive disorder. Most of the patients were females (93 %), single (67 %), with low education (most of patients were educated till 8th grade i-e- 35 %), having no family history of mental illness {72%) and no past psychiatric history (79%). 85 %of the sample had social support available to them. CONCLUSION: There is high psychiatric co morbidity among dissociative disorder patients. The prevalence is high among young, females, single, low educated people. Every dissociative patient must be screened for depression and anxiety. It needs to be communicated to mental health professionals and general practitioners/medical specialists should be sensitized about early diagnosis, management and referral. It will help decrease the stigma and burden of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE The objective of study is to assess the severity of Depression in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type II, and to compare the severity of Depression among those using insulin versus oral hypoglycemic medications. DESIGN Cross sectional study SETTING Outpatient department of District Headquarters Hospital, Faisalabad METHODS 70 patients (Males: 57% and Females: 43%) with diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus type II were recruited. 50 % of the patients were taking insulin and the other 50% oral hypoglycemic agents as part of their treatment regimen. Patients were interviewed according to ICD-10 criteria of Depression to establish the diagnosis as well as severity of Depression. RESULTS According to ICD-10 criteria, Depression was present among 53% of the patients. The severity of Depression was: mild in 20% of the surveyed population, moderate in 23% and severe in 10% of subjects. Among the 35 patients on insulin, 31% had Depression with severity of mild (9%), moderate (11%) and severe (11%) intensity. Among 35 patients on oral hypoglycemic medications, 74% were depressed with severity of mild (31%), moderate (34%), and severe (9%) intensity. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of depression is high among patients with Diabetes Mellitus type II. Patients with DM type II, who were on oral hypoglycemic medications, found to be at a higher risk of developing Depression as compared to patients on insulin (P value<.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES To see the Socio demographic profile among patients who has Depression with current suicide Intent corning to Departments of Psychiatry LUMS, SCJIP, Hyderabad and DHQ Hospital/PMC Faisalabad. DESIGN Cross Sectional Study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was conducted in six months from 1st April 2014 to 30th September 2014 at Psychiatry Departments Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS)& Sir Cowasjee institute of Psychiatry and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faisalabad. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 117 patients have been included in this study having Depression currently having suicidal Intent. They are taken from respective departments who met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Out of 117 depressed patients with suicidal intent, predominantly females 59% approaches to psychiatry ward as compared with males that is 40%. Among patients 56% were married, 28% were housewives and 28% were student Most of them have educational status graduation and masters. Mean age was between 31 -40 years, Higher in middle socioeconomic group and more in nuclear family system (56%) than Joint family system (43%). Most of them have no social support 51.3%. 61 (52%) were taking drug of abuse and 96(82%) patients currently taking treatment for Depression or Anxiety. 66(56.4%) depressed patients with suicidal intent had Past psychiatric history, in which 32 showed medium and 25 patients showed severe suicidal intent. 67(57%) patients had positive family psychiatric history with high current suicide intent. 51.2% patients had past history of suicidal attempt most of them had high suicide intent presently. 59 out of 117 patients had suicidal ideation; among them 24 had medium and 32 had high suicide intent. Although Family history of suicide was positive in 36 (30.7%) cases but it was high in patients with medium and high suicidal intent; 29 and 26 respectively. CONCLUSION Prevalence of depressed population with suicidal intent predominates in students, married females especially housewives belonging from middle socioeconomic background and nuclear family system. Most of patients used drugs of abuse. Past psychiatric history, family psychiatric history, past history of suicide, family history of suicide and suicidal Ideations has direct relationship with current suicide Intent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To find the frequency of suicidal intent among depressed patients coming to out patient Departments of Psychiatry, LUMS & Sir CIIP, Hyderabad and DHQ Hospital/PMC Faisalabad DESIGN: Cross Sectional Study PLACED DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted at Sir Cowasjee institute of Psychiatry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Hyderabad and Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Punjab Medical College, Faisalabad in six months from 1st March 2014 to 31st August 2014, SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 150 patients with depressive disorder diagnosed as per International Classification of diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) (75 each from each department) were recruited for the study. RESULTS In 150 participants, 87 (58%) had moderate level of depression while 56 (37%) were having mild depression. Medium suicidal intent was found to be highest in 41.3% of the sample while high suicidal intent was found in 26.7% participants. Past Psychiatry history of suicide was positive in 48%, family history of suicide was positive in 73%. Availability of social support was 54%.Low self esteem was prevalent (78.7 %) and 93.3 % of participant; showed moderate to severe hopelessness. CONCLUSION: Most of the participants had moderate depression and medium suicidal intent. Married females working as housewives are more susceptible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE The objective of study is to assess the socio-demographic characteristics and measure adaptive functioning profile of children with intellectual impairment at Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, DHQ Hospital, PMC Faisalabad. DESIGN Cross sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was conducted at OPD children in Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, DHQ Hospital, PMC, Faisalabad from January 2011 to December 2013. SUBJECT AND METHODS 170 children with intellectual impairment have been included in study who have intellectual disability. Demographic variables were recorded and Portage guide to early education (PGEE) was administered. The results were obtained by using SPSS-17. RESULTS Out of 170 ID children, mostly were male 105 (60%J and age range 01 -10 years. Most parents have cousin marriages 106 (62.4%). Among mothers majority reported prenatal stress and injury 96 and ID children reported infections 66 postnataly. 98 (57%) shows no physical disability at birth. Among psychiatric co-morbidity %% mostly were epilepsy and movement disorder. 81 % shows behavioural issues and communication disorder. While assessing adaptive functioning of ID children, their developmental ages in different areas are cognitive and language is 2 years, socialization and self help 4 years approximately. CONCLUSION Predominantly parents cousin marriages, pre and postnatal complications, highly associated psychiatric co morbidity are found to be the salient features of intellectually impaired children. It is concluded that deficits in adaptive functioning are highest in cognitive and language development, so they need earlier interventional strategies for better outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]