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As a sub-system of urban agglomeration ecosystem, the regional transport infrastructure system has the evolvement characteristics similar to the natural ecosystem. It is a nonlinear dissipative structure system. Due to the limitation of the environmental capacity, the evolution and equilibrium of the regional transport infrastructure ecosystem satisfy the Logistic model. This paper analyzes the dynamic mechanism of the regional transportation infrastructure ecosystem evolution, builds the evolution model of the regional transportation infrastructure ecosystem and the model of population symbiosis evolution, and describes the overall evolution process of the system and the evolution path of the system's multiple populations tending to different equilibrium states. Taking Shanghai's external transport system as an example, this paper verifies the accuracy and practicability of the evolvement model of regional transport infrastructure ecosystem, and reverses Logistic equation of Shanghai's external transit system evolution and forecasts its evolution trend. Taking the evolution of three transport types in Shanghai as an example, the multi-population symbiotic evolution model of regional transport infrastructure ecosystem is validated. According to the results of the model, this paper proposes the strategies for the development of regional transport infrastructure that focuses on maintaining existing facilities, developing public transport reasonably, and introducing and promoting green transport, which provide theoretical support for functional optimization and capacity improvement of urban agglomeration transport infrastructure networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]