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This paper reports on routes to control the silver oxide phase and morphology in thin films to enhance their antimicrobial efficacy. The Ag:O atomic ratio was tailored during the pulsed laser deposition process by adjusting the O2 environment, and thus, a wide range of silver oxide phases ranging from Ag to AgxO was achieved. Simultaneously, the morphology was controlled from island-like (Volmer–Weber) formations to nanoparticle arrays, ultimately culminating in cauliflower-like dendrite structures. Through this synergistic approach, enhancing the oxygen content while expanding the active surface area yielded optimal enhancement of the antimicrobial properties. Remarkably, films deposited at elevated O2 pressures exhibited heightened inhibitory effects against bacterial biofilms, with films featuring nanoparticle morphology demonstrating notable antistaphylococcal efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To advance the industrialization of flexible strain sensors, an innovative flexible sensing fiber was developed through a sophisticated wet spinning process. Silver trifluoroacetate and graphene oxide (GO) were combined with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to prepare the fibers via wet spinning. Ascorbic acid was used to in situ reduce the silver trifluoroacetate and graphene oxide within the polyurethane, causing the growth of silver nanoparticles to bond with reduced graphene oxide, forming a dual conductive pathway. This resulted in the creation of silver nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide/polyurethane fibers (AgNPs-rGO-TPU sensing fibers). The tensile and sensing properties of AgNPs-rGO-TPU sensing fibers under different parameters were investigated. The results showed that with 25 wt% TPU as the matrix, 30 wt% silver trifluoroacetate, and 1 wt% graphene oxide, the fibers achieved an optimal balance of mechanical and sensing properties. The tensile strength was 7.69 MPa, the elongation at break was 370.75%, and the toughness modulus was 18.45 MJ m−3. The AgNPs-rGO-TPU sensing fibers effectively detect external stimuli, exhibiting high sensitivity over a wide strain range (gauge factor is 4.25 below 5% strain, 24.79 in the 5%–25% strain range, 23.06 in the 25%–80% strain range, and 21.32 in the 80%–110% strain range), with a conductivity of 163.17 ms·cm−1. They can stably recognize movements and physiological signals from various parts of the human body, showing good application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo dyes represent a significant concern to the environmental regulations and proper wastewater treatment is crucial in mitigating its impact on ecosystems. This study investigates the removal of black azo dye from aqueous solution using silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2 O NPs) improved with green-like material. The trumpet vine leaf extracted was used as a capping and reducing agent to formulate the nanomaterial catalyst. A characteristics analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques was performed to examine the features of the catalyst. About 79% removal efficiency of azo black dye was reached using a 1.0 g/L dosage of the Ag2O nanoparticles under visible light exposure in batch mode reactor. The reusability analysis illustrates a stable behavior after five cycles of loading, and the kinetic study revealed that the reaction is compatible with the 1st order kinetic model. These findings suggest an effective, reliable, and bio-friendly photocatalytic candidate for a variety of water treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict and control the behavior of milk enhanced with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles during electromagnetic heating enhances the precision and energy efficiency of pasteurization and sterilization processes. This approach ensures precise temperature management, reducing the risk of overheating and maintaining the milk’s nutritional and sensory integrity. The research examines milk flow dynamics (Ag-ZnO/milk) in a suddenly heated movable electromagnetic channel under sudden pressure variations. It incorporates significant physical phenomena such as radiant heat emission and Darcy drag forces, with Darcy’s model addressing drag within the porous medium. The dynamics of milk flow are thoroughly defined mathematically and physically, with solutions succinctly derived using the Laplace transform (LT) method. The findings, including analyses of shear stress (SS) and rate of heat transfer (RHT), are presented tabularly and graphically. The study indicates an annex in milk momentum with higher modified Hartmann numbers and an enfeeblement with wider electrode widths. Both hybrid nano-milk (HNM) and nano-milk (NM) exhibit thermal degradation, where rising Casson parameters amplify SS, whereas elevated radiation parameters lead to a reduction in RHT. Additionally, the AI-driven artificial neural network (ANN) model demonstrates remarkable predictive precision, achieving 95.175% accuracy during testing and 99.64% during cross-validation for SS predictions, while attaining a perfect 100% accuracy for RHT predictions across both testing and cross-validation phases. This model could lead to the development of advanced pasteurization equipment that utilizes electromagnetic technology for more consistent heating and better preservation of milk’s nutritional and sensory qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring access to pristine water is essential for secure domestic and agricultural purposes. Harmful pathogens, especially bacteria, lurking in natural water sources pose a direct threat to human health. Recent breakthrough indicates that nanoparticles (NPs) serve as effective agents for water treatment, harnessing their significant antibacterial properties to purify and safeguard water resources. The current research focused on the synthesis and characterizations of binary (NiO) 0.6 (Ag 2 O) 0.4 NPs of varying sizes. Their antimicrobial efficacy was also investigated against total coliform and Escherichia coli in natural surface water samples under both indoor daylight and direct solar radiation conditions. These NPs were synthesized by a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly thermal treatment method utilizing variable amounts of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping agent. The characterizations verified that decreasing the PVP concentrations from 0.02 to 0.01 g/mL led to an increase in the size of the generated NPs from 20.8 to 25.0 nm. The band gap energy increased with greater PVP concentrations. In indoor daylight, all synthesized NPs revealed a comparable significant antibacterial activity against total coliform and Escherichia coli. Solar radiation enhanced the antibacterial properties, confirming the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized NPs. Under solar radiation, antibacterial efficacy was very high for all particle sizes. Complete inactivation of total coliform and Escherichia coli was achieved after 2 h of contact time with NPs. This research demonstrates the potential of synthesized NPs for addressing critical water treatment challenges and highlights the importance of ongoing research in this field to safeguard public health and foster sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a silver nanowires (AgNWs)/nano-zinc oxide (ZnO)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) film is fabricated as an alternative to indium tin oxide transparent conductive films (TCFs). AgNWs are prepared by the polyol method with PVP as a dispersant to prevent Ag nanoparticles agglomeration during AgNWs formation. Nano-ZnO is synthesized using sol–gel method. AgNWs/ZnO/PVP TCFs are prepared using the electrostatic spinning and spin coating methods for comparison. It is found that the best PVP/AgNO3 molar ratio is 3.5:1. FTIR and XRD analyses show that 500°C calcination leads to better crystallinity and purity of nano-ZnO. Four-point prober analysis indicates that the higher the AgNWs content, the lower the TCF sheet resistance. The best sheet resistance of AgNWs/ZnO/PVP TCF by the electrostatic spinning method is obtained as 81  Ω /sq, and the light transmittance is 85.3%. Moreover, in the 5-week stability test, the sheet resistance of the electrospun TCF increases by 6.17%, much lower than 24.9% of the spin coated TCF. It is verified that the elecrospun AgNWs/ZnO/PVP composite TCF is a promising alternative to the traditional ITO TCFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Cavendish' banana is cultivated for its flavor and nutritional value, but its climacteric nature leads to rapid ripening and reduced shelf life. Preserving postharvest quality is crucial for minimizing losses and ensuring consumer satisfaction. Nanoparticles such as ZnO and Ag2O have shown promise in extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of perishable fruits. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ZnO- and Ag₂O-enriched edible coatings on the postharvest physicochemical quality of 'Cavendish' bananas stored at ambient temperature. Bananas were treated with five different formulations: (1) moringa extract alone (MG), (2) moringa extract combined with carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol (MG + CMC + GLY), (3) carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol with Ag2O nanoparticles (Ag2O), (4) carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO), and (5) carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol with a combination of Ag2O and ZnO nanoparticles (Ag2O + ZnO). The effects on key quality parameters, including weight loss, color retention, total soluble solids, total acidity, pH, and peel structure, were assessed. At the end of the storage period, the fruits treated with ZnO + Ag₂O nanoparticles demonstrated a significantly lower decay incidence of 44.44% than the control (100%). Similarly, nanoparticle-enriched treatments maintained higher L* (1.46-fold), b*(1.38-fold), and ho (1.11-fold) values than the control treatment. Remarkably, the Ag2O + ZnO composite formulation showed the most significant positive effects on total acidity, pH, and stomatal cell integrity toward improving banana quality. This study highlights the potential of ZnO/Ag2O composites as effective postharvest treatments to enhance banana quality and extend shelf life, providing a promising approach to reduce postharvest losses and ensure fruit quality during storage and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of metal nanoparticles on the anaerobic digestion of sludge and the sludge bacterial community are still not well-understood, and both improvements and inhibitions have been reported. This study investigated the impact of 2, 10, and 30 mg/g TS silver and copper oxide nanoparticles (AgNPs and CuONPs) on the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of sludge and the bacterial community structure. The reactors were monitored for changes in tCOD, sCOD, TS, VS, biogas generation, and cell viability. Also, the relative abundance and taxonomic distribution of the bacterial communities were analyzed at the phylum and genus levels, including the genera involved in anaerobic digestion. Both AgNPs and CuONPs exhibited some inhibition on anaerobic digestion of sludge and biogas generation, and the inhibition was more evident at higher concentrations. CuONPs had a stronger inhibitory effect compared to AgNPs. After the introduction of AgNPs and CuONPs, cell viability initially decreased over the first two weeks but recovered after that. At high concentrations, AgNPs and CuONPs decreased the overall bacterial diversity, and inhibited the dominant bacterial species, allowing those in less abundance to flourish. The relative abundance of the bacteria responsible for hydrolysis and acidogenesis increased and the relative abundance of acetogenic bacteria decreased with higher AgNP and CuONP concentrations. The majority of the parameters measured for monitoring the anaerobic digestion performance and bacterial community were not statistically significant at 2 mg/g TS of AgNPs and CuONPs, which represents naturally present concentrations in wastewater sludge that are below the USEPA ceiling concentration limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the lubrication potential of the combination of Nickel-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO-Ni; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt pct) and Ag (10 wt pct) in Spark Plasma Sintered (SPS) Ni-alloy based composites by carrying out tests at 5N load and 0.5 m/s from room temperature (RT) to 800 °C for realizing low friction and low wear which is hitherto unexplored. The doping of rGO with Nickel has been done to improve its wettability with the matrix. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, 3D optical profilometry and X-ray diffraction analysis have been carried out on the worn surfaces to reveal the operating mechanisms of wear. The results indicate that the coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear rate decreased with increasing amount of rGO in the composites and the one having 2.0 wt pct rGO-Ni exhibited the lowest CoF (~ 0.42–0.47) and wear rate (~ 2.84–73.49 × 10−5 mm3/Nm) from RT to 600 °C due to cooperative synergy between the solid lubricants. However, both CoF and wear rate increased from 600 to 800 °C for the composites containing Ag and rGO-Ni due to the probable loss of assistive action between rGO and other lubricating species (silver molybdates or oxides). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The crude leaf extract of Phragmanthera macrosolen L. has been utilized for the first time as an effective reducing, capping and stabilizing agent to synthesize silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2O NPs) through a green approach. The prepared Ag2O NPs were analyzed by scanning electron-microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), X-ray diffractions (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Ultra-violet visible spectrometry (UV-Vis). The biosynthesized Ag2O NPs applied on gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacterial types. FTIR spectral peaks indicate that the phytochemicals in the extract are responsible for the formation of Ag2O nanoparticles. The XRD result shown, poly-crystalline nanoparticles and the average crystalline size calculated was 45.8 nm. UV-Vis analysis shows absorbance existed at 590.5 nm, and the energy band gap calculated through the Tauc relation was 2.1 eV. The SEM images gave a globular and some rod like morphology with diameter of particle obtained between 20.11 and 46.50 nm with some hollow cubic microstructure of Ag2O NPs which makes it suitable for antimicrobial application. The EDS confirms the elemental composition and existence of Ag and O2. The HR-TEM images, specific area electron diffraction (SAED), and XRD patterns confirmed the morphology of Ag2O NPs mean 45.84 nm and polycrystalline nature of the nanoparticles. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were 15 and 30 µl respectively for the samples tested. In this study, it was observed that Ag2O NPs highly sensitive to E. coli than s. aureus. The present study revealed that the possible use of green synthesized Ag2O NPs as potential antibacterial agent.

Abstract In present study the green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles has been effectively achieved using novel plant extract Phragmanthera Macrosolen. This method provides sustainable alternative for nanoparticle synthesis, demonstrating the potential of Phragmanthera Macrosolen as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the production of Ag2O NPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their structural, morphological, and optical properties, confirming their successful formation and potential applications in various fields. The effects of different pH values and annealing temperature of the samples on the properties of Ag2O NPs formations, as well as photo-catalytic activities towards Toluidine Blue dye degradations, were studied. Powder XRD reveals that the crystallite natures of Ag2O NPs a long with crystalline size ranges from 25.85 to 35.90 nm. FIB-SEM and HR-TEM images displayed that the Ag2O NPs as spherical shapes. UV-vis spectroscopy displayed that Ag2O NPs belong to a direct-band gap of 2.1–2.6 eV. FTIR- study shown that the green synthesized Ag2O NPs may be steadied via the interfaces of –OH as well as C = O groups in the carbohydrate, flavonoid, tannin, as well as phenolic acid existing in P. macrosolen L. leaf. The chemical states, electron-hole recombinations and purity of Ag and O in the synthesized Ag2O NPs were confirmed through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and PL analysis respectively. Fascinatingly, the synthesized Ag2O NPs at pH 12 displayed high photo-catalytic degradations for TB dyes. The photo-catalytic degradations of the TB dyes were monitored spectro-photo-metrically in wave-length ranges of 200–900 nm, as well as high efficiency (98.50%) with half-life of 9.5798 min and kinetic rate constant of 0.07234 min−1, was obtained after 45 min of reactions. From this study, it can be concluded that Ag2O NPs synthesized from Phragmanthera Macrosolen aqueous extract are promising in the remediation of environmental pollution and water treatment. In this light, the study reports that Phragmanthera Macrosolen green synthesis of Ag2O NPs can effectively address environmental pollution in cost-effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable ways.

An energy material has been developed using a one-step chemical reduction method, incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that encapsulate micro-sized silicon (mSi) flakes. SEM investigation revealed complete encapsulation of silicon flakes by AgNP's dendritic structure, EDX confirmed the deposition of Ag on Si flakes. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of silver and silicon oxides. In a three-cell configuration, the low equivalent series resistance and charge transfer resistance indicated that Ag served as the conductive channel for charge transfer. The CV curves displayed a 1.7 V voltage window attributed to amorphous SiO2, which offered a significant specific capacitance of 330.6 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. The pseudocapacitive nature of the developed material, in comparison to other Ag-based composites and pseudocapacitive materials, achieved an energy density of 37.83 Wh kg−1 and a power density of 6374 W kg−1 at a current density of 7.5 A g−1 in a three-cell configuration. The nanostructured Ag combined with mSi is suitable as a renewable charge storage material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the need to reduce the use of antibiotics call for the development of safe alternatives, such as silver nanoparticles. However, their potential cytotoxic effect needs to be addressed. Graphene oxide provides a large platform that can increase the effectiveness and safety of silver nanoparticles. Graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles complex applied as a part of an innovative material might have direct contact with human tissues, such as skin, or might be inhaled from aerosol or exfoliated pieces of the complex. Thereby, the safety of the prepared complex has to be evaluated carefully, employing a range of methods. We demonstrated the high cytocompatibility of graphene oxide and the graphene oxide–silver nanoparticles complex toward human cell lines, fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2), and lung epithelial cells (A549). The supporting platform of graphene oxide also neutralized the slight toxicity of bare silver nanoparticles. Finally, in studies on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the number of bacteria reduction was observed after incubation with silver nanoparticles and the graphene oxide–silver nanoparticles complex. Our findings confirm the possibility of employing a graphene oxide–silver nanoparticles complex as a safe agent with reduced silver nanoparticles' cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The healing of wounds is still a difficult clinical issue, and effective wound management is necessary to promote wound healing. Fabrication of highly developed dressings for wounds exhibiting biologically active properties and possessing favorable mechanical characteristics to accelerate the period of healing to avoid sideways bacterial infection. Hyaluronic acid (HA) inserted with loaded metal oxides such as silver phosphate (Ag3(PO4)), CNT and samarium oxide (Sm2O3) by film casting technique. The prepared films were examined by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and TGA. The surface topography showed a rough surface with low porosity for pure HA, while the addition of nanoparticles caused an incredible increase in the roughness with pores in diameter of 4–15 µm. The smooth surface appeared due to the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and the mixing of the HA with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The contact angle was determined with water drops to determine the wettability of the prepared films, and it showed different changes varying between 67.72° for pure HA and then increased to 73.33° with the addition of Ag3(PO4), while the addition of Sm2O3 reduced the angle to 54.76° and 46.59° with mixing the ratios of nanoparticles. On the other hand, the Ag3(PO4)/Sm2O3/CNT@PVA/HA film represented a slight increase in the angle to 53.77° which has a hydrophilic tendency. The antibacterial test was done, and it was shown that the inhibition zone reached 20.5 ± 1.5 and 17.5 ± 1.5 against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, for Ag3(PO4)@HA. The generated data display that the biological behavior of the mentioned nanocomposites (NCs) is promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we studied the effect of silver nanoparticles on the IR absorption mechanism in Ag/Ag2O composites. Ag/Ag2O composites were prepared by exposing silver films prepared by thermal evaporation to oxygen plasma afterglow. The infrared spectra of these samples were analysed. The results obtained showed that, the individual silver nanoparticles affect the vibrations of chemical bonds in Ag/Ag2O composites, and this is inferred from the gradual decrease in intensity when moving towards lower wavenumbers. In addition, it was found that the effect of individual silver nanoparticles is greatest in the frequency range of Ag–O bond vibrations and becomes weaker in the case of bonds with higher vibration energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive cancers affecting people globally. Numerous studies have demonstrated that nanoparticles possess potential anti-cancer properties. Nanoparticles have shown promising results in delivering drugs to the brain, although they can have side effects. One possible solution to these issues is the development of nanoparticles combined with antioxidants to improve their efficacy. This study aimed to investigate the impact of curcumin, vitamin C, and vitamin E, in combination with silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles, on cytotoxicity and their effects on TFAM and miR-455 expression. In this study, the glioma model was induced in female BALB/C mice by implanted Gl261 cells. After two weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and tumor tissue samples were collected to evaluate apoptosis levels using MTT and flow cytometry. In addition, RNA was extracted to examine the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, miR-455, and TFAM genes in the tumor cells. Our study reveals the positive impact of combining vitamin C, vitamin E, and curcumin with Ag and TiO2 NPs on altering Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression, thereby enhancing apoptosis. The data indicated that using nanoparticles in conjunction with antioxidants decreased the levels of TFAM and miR-455, which could potentially reduce the growth of glioma tumor cells. These results suggest that combining antioxidants with Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles can significantly enhance their apoptosis-inducing effects. This combination therapy can prevent metastasis by reducing the expression of miR-455 and TFAM. Overall, this strategy improves glioma cancer therapy by targeting genes involved in tumorigenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, persistent biofilms, oxidative stress, and cancerous cell proliferation poses significant challenges in healthcare and environmental settings, highlighting the urgent need for innovative and sustainable therapeutic solutions. The exploration of nanotechnology, particularly the use of green-synthesized nanoparticles, offers a promising avenue to address these complex biological challenges due to their multifunctional properties and biocompatibility. Utilizing a green synthesis approach, Mauritia flexuosa Mf-Ag2ONPs were synthesized and characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled with scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Mf-Ag2ONPs exhibited potent antibacterial effects against both non-resistant and MDR bacterial strains, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 11.25 to 45 µg/mL. Mf-Ag2ONPs also demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy, particularly against Candida glabrata, with an MIC of 5.63 µg/mL. Moreover, the nanoparticles showed strong biofilm inhibition capabilities and substantial antioxidant properties, underscoring their potential to combat oxidative stress. Additionally, Mf-Ag2ONPs exhibited pronounced anticancer properties against various cancer cell lines, displaying low IC50 values across various cancer cell lines while maintaining minimal hemolytic activity at therapeutic concentrations. These findings suggest that Mf-Ag2ONPs synthesized via an eco-friendly approach offer a promising alternative for biomedical applications, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer therapies, warranting further in vivo studies to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the CNT/P3HT and CNT/P3HT@Ag2O composite films were prepared to be utilized as the ammonia gas sensor. Moreover, the impact of the synthesized composites on ammonia gas sensing and the effect of Ag2O nanoparticles on the properties of the composites were examined. The layers were analyzed using XRD, AFM, FTIR, and gas sensing analysis, providing insights into their potential for improving ammonia gas sensing. Despite changes in the P3HT to CNT ratios, the XRD analysis of the CNT/P3HT and CNT/P3HT@Ag2O composite films revealed the same structural properties for the carbon nanotubes. In accordance with the data obtained from the FTIR test of the composite films, characteristic P3HT bands and various functional groups were detected. As the gas sensing analysis indicated, the sensitivity increased with the increasing ratio of P3HT to CNT, and the highest sensitivity was achieved by the CNT/P3HT (0.7) sensor. Moreover, the addition of silver oxide further increased the sensitivity. These results suggest that the CNT/P3HT@Ag2O film sensor is highly sensitive to ammonia gas and can be a promising sensor for the detection of ammonia gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of 1-(1,4-dihydroxynaphtalen-2-yl) ketones was synthesized using the photo-Friedel–Crafts acylation of 1,4-naphthoquinone with aldehydes. Subsequent oxidation using silver oxide readily furnished the corresponding 2-acylated 1,4 naphthoquinones. Notably, these naphthoquinone derivatives underwent spontaneous partial reduction upon storage. The synthesized compounds were subjected to antimicrobial screening. High inhibition effects on Staphylococcus aureus were found for the majority of compounds, which makes them interesting for potential future medicinal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, novel anion photo-responsive supramolecular hydrogels based on cysteine–silver sol (CSS) and iodate anions (IO3−) were prepared. The peculiarities of the self-assembly process of gel formation in the dark and under visible-light exposure were studied using a complex of modern physico-chemical methods of analysis, including viscosimetry, UV spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the dark phase, the formation of weak snot-like gels takes place in a quite narrow IO3− ion concentration range. The visible-light exposure of these gels leads to an increase in their viscosity and dramatic change in their color. The morphology of gels alters after light irradiation that is reflected in the formation of a huge number of spherical/elliptical particles and the thickening of the fibers of the gel network. The interaction of CSS with IO3− anions has features of a redox process, which leads to the formation of silver iodide/silver oxide nanoparticles inside and on the surface of CSS particles. CSS possesses selectivity only to IO3− anions compared to many other inorganic ions relevant for humans and the environment. Thus, the CSS/IO3− system is non-trivial and can be considered as a novel low-molecular-weight gelator with photosensitive properties, as another way to produce silver iodide nanoparticles, and as a new approach for IO3− ion detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present study the green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles has been effectively achieved using novel plant extract Phragmanthera Macrosolen. This method provides sustainable alternative for nanoparticle synthesis, demonstrating the potential of Phragmanthera Macrosolen as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the production of Ag2O NPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their structural, morphological, and optical properties, confirming their successful formation and potential applications in various fields. The effects of different pH values and annealing temperature of the samples on the properties of Ag2O NPs formations, as well as photo-catalytic activities towards Toluidine Blue dye degradations, were studied. Powder XRD reveals that the crystallite natures of Ag2O NPs a long with crystalline size ranges from 25.85 to 35.90 nm. FIB-SEM and HR-TEM images displayed that the Ag2O NPs as spherical shapes. UV-vis spectroscopy displayed that Ag2O NPs belong to a direct-band gap of 2.1–2.6 eV. FTIR- study shown that the green synthesized Ag2O NPs may be steadied via the interfaces of –OH as well as C = O groups in the carbohydrate, flavonoid, tannin, as well as phenolic acid existing in P. macrosolen L. leaf. The chemical states, electron-hole recombinations and purity of Ag and O in the synthesized Ag2O NPs were confirmed through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and PL analysis respectively. Fascinatingly, the synthesized Ag2O NPs at pH 12 displayed high photo-catalytic degradations for TB dyes. The photo-catalytic degradations of the TB dyes were monitored spectro-photo-metrically in wave-length ranges of 200–900 nm, as well as high efficiency (98.50%) with half-life of 9.5798 min and kinetic rate constant of 0.07234 min−1, was obtained after 45 min of reactions. From this study, it can be concluded that Ag2O NPs synthesized from Phragmanthera Macrosolen aqueous extract are promising in the remediation of environmental pollution and water treatment. In this light, the study reports that Phragmanthera Macrosolen green synthesis of Ag2O NPs can effectively address environmental pollution in cost-effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report herein a dual function mesoporous structure of titanium oxide based porous carbon with large surface‐to‐volume ratios for efficient degradation of noxious methylene blue dye (MB) from an aqueous environment. The mesoporous photocatalysts is fabricated via direct template synthesis of highly ordered silica‐titania monolith doped with Ag0/Ag2O starting from a quaternary microemulsion liquid crystalline phase. The produced monoliths are subjected in‐situ to doping by growing silver, in the cubic cavities, and on the silica/titania structure's domain. This study investigated the efficiency of novel composite materials, consisting of silver‐doped silica‐titania (SiO2/TiO2), which is synthesized using the microemulsion templating approach. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized composite in the photodegradation of MB has been studied. The procedure of photodegradation was employed to achieve decolorization of the cationic MB dye using visible light. The catalyst effectively achieved the decolorization of the dyed solution through the processes of adsorption and photodegradation. The composite consisting of SiO2, TiO2, and Ag2O at a ratio of 1 : 1:0.5, which underwent calcination in an air environment (AgOST), exhibited a removal efficiency of 99 % compared to its calcined state under argon (AgSTC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficiently treating wastewater, particularly the elimination of heavy metal ions from water systems, continues to be one of the most pressing and complex challenges in modern environmental management. In this work, reduced graphene oxide coupled silver molybdate binary nanocomposites (RGO-Ag2MoO4 NCs) have been prepared via hydrothermal method. The crystalline nature and surface properties of the developed RGO-Ag2MoO4 NCs were proved by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS techniques. Adsorption experiments demonstrated that the nanocomposites (NCs) effectively removed Pb(II) ions within 120 min, achieving a maximum removal efficiency ranging from 94.96% to 86.37% for Pb(II) concentrations between 20 and 100 mg/L at pH 6. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second order model. Isotherm analysis presented that the Langmuir model provided the greatest fit for the equilibrium data, with a monolayer adsorption capacity of 128.94 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The results of this study highlight RGO-Ag2MoO4 NCs as a highly promising and eco-friendly material for the effective elimination of Pb(II) ions from wastewater. Their strong adsorption capacity, coupled with sustainable properties, makes them an efficient solution for addressing lead contamination, offering significant potential for practical applications in water treatment systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) have been widely used and are eventually been discharged into the natural aquatic ecosystem. The current study examined and correlated the toxicity of AgNPs and ZnONPs on the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Lethal concentration (LC50) was determined with four different concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 mg/L) of AgNPs and ZnONPs; subsequently, the fishes were exposed to sublethal concentrations for a period of 21 days, and the oxidative stress and antioxidant and nonantioxidant parameters were studied. Results revealed oxidative stress evinced by increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) protein carbonyl activity (PCA), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activity, metallothionein (MT) activity, and reduced glutathione in chronic exposure compared with acute exposure. Nonspecific immunological characteristics such as lysozyme (LYZ), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and respiratory burst activity (RBA) were also noticed in the serum. Furthermore, severe histological damages including damages in telangiectasia and epithelial cell hyperplasia were found in the combined treated group with Ag and ZnONPs than in individual treatments. When Ag and ZnONPs were combined, a reduction in the accumulation of Ag was observed in the liver, which increased drastically in individual exposure. The current findings highlight the importance of taking into account the combined exposure and correlation of NPs, their bioavailability, and toxicity in the aquatic ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of electrospun poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PCL/PVP) fibers integrated with a nanocomposite of chitosan, silver nanocrystals, and graphene oxide (ChAgG), aimed at developing advanced wound dressing materials. The ChAgG nanocomposite, recognized for its antimicrobial and biocompatible properties, was incorporated into PCL/PVP fibers through electrospinning techniques. We assessed the resultant fibers' morphological, physicochemical, and mechanical properties, which exhibited significant enhancements in mechanical strength and demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against common bacterial pathogens. The findings suggest that the PCL/PVP-ChAgG fibers maintain biocompatibility and facilitate controlled therapeutic delivery, positioning them as a promising solution for managing chronic and burn-related wounds. This study underscores the potential of these advanced materials to improve healing outcomes cost-effectively, particularly in settings plagued by high incidences of burn injuries. Further clinical investigations are recommended to explore these innovative fibers' full potential and real-world applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prepared novel plasmon-coupled silver (Ag) and silver oxide (Ag2O) nanoparticles using green synthesis and a magnetic stirrer device from lemon juice. Firstly, we prepared six Ag samples from green tea and lemon juice, characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV, and HRTEM. We selected just two samples to apply to MDA-MB-231 cells. The samples entered the cell through endocytosis, showed moderate cytotoxicity and ROS levels, caused cell growth arrest at the G2M phase, exhibited higher inhibition of Cyclin D1, and induced early apoptosis. β-Catenin is an abundant protein in triple-negative breast cancer TNBC. Both samples showed inhibition of the β-catenin proteins pathway. Plasmon-coupled nanoparticles effectively inhibited β-catenin, physically capturing β-catenin and its pathway proteins, mimicking the action of a degradation protein complex due to their geometric properties. The prepared materials could be considered a promising treatment for TNBC that has not responded to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. As they have low toxicity to normal cells; this paves the way for new material designs without strict size limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a sooner or later risk, antimicrobial resistance due to the overuse of antibiotics is considered a nightmare facing humankind. The visible-light mineralization of antibiotic waste over nanoceramic photocatalysts is an innovative expectant method. Concerning this, nanostructured yttrium orthovanadate (YVO 4) is grown via an adapted sol-gel process tracked by loading of 1.0–4.0 wt% of silver oxide (Ag 2 O) to form heterojunction nanocomposite of Ag 2 O/YVO 4. The as-prepared heterostructures were applied for visible-light photoelimination of ciprofloxacin (CF) in water. The presence of Ag 2 O has enhanced both light absorbance and photogenerated carrier separation of YVO 4. The 3.0 to 4.0 wt% loading of Ag 2 O designated the thinnest bandgap of 2.4 eV regardless of the minor decrease in their specific surface areas from 220 in bare YVO 4 to 168 m2 g−1 for 3.0 % Ag 2 O/YVO 4. The complete mineralization of CF over 3.0 % Ag 2 O/YVO 4 was achieved after 60 min of light illumination at an optimized dose of 1.6 mg mL−1 and a reaction rate constant of 5.41 × 10−2 min−1. This improved photocatalyst has also a recyclable ability of ∼95 % of its initial photoactivity after the fifth experimental run. Therefore, the augmented light harvesting, surface texture, as well as superb carrier separation represent a key role in the performance of Ag 2 O/YVO 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology and nanoscience are due to their numerous uses in medicine, engineering, and water pollution sensors and their expanding research fields. In this study, the essential oil, methanolic extract, and biosynthesized silver/silver oxide nanostructures (Ag/AgO NSs) using the aqueous extract of the plant were prepared. The phytochemical compounds of the extract and essential oil were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), respectively. The GC/MS technique identified 34 compounds in the essential oil of the plant with the major constituents including oleic acid (18.5%), palmitic acid (11.08%), phytone (6.64%), p-vinylguaiacol (6.4%), and phytol (4.23%). After the phytochemical identification, the total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of the extract was determined, too. Prodelphinidin B3 compound in the Malva sylvestris extract was analyzed and detected by high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV), at a retention time of around 10 min. In addition, M. sylvestris extract was used for green synthesis of Ag/AgO NSs. The as-prepared NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption at λmax 320 nm in the UV-vis spectra confirms the formation of Ag/AgO NSs. The crystalline structure of Ag/AgO NSs was confirmed by XRD analysis. The nanoparticles were found to have a small size, measuring 64.16 nm, 44.33 nm, and 50 nm using the Williamson-Hall, Scherrer, and SEM/EDS methods, respectively. Besides, that spherical shape of Ag NPs with good size distribution was observed in the SEM/EDS analysis. The small size, around 50 nm, and spherical shape of Ag/AgO NSs with good size distribution were observed in the SEM/EDS analysis. Besides, the antibacterial activity of the extract was evaluated against three pathogenic bacteria, by disk diffusion method. Significant antibacterial activity was observed for the prepared extracts of M. sylvestris against the bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the results were compared with the known antibiotics such as amoxicillin, cephalexin, erythromycin, and fluconazole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoscale dimensional materials represent a captivating area of research in modern technology, owing to their unique properties and vast potential applications. The distinct advantage of nanosized materials lies in their large surface area to volume ratio, which endows them with enhanced stability and significant functional characteristics. Among these, metal oxide nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their substantial energy bandgaps and high exciton binding energies, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including antimicrobial activity and optoelectronics. This review delves into the synthesis methods of various metal oxides, emphasizing the advantages and drawbacks of physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Specifically, it focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of single metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver oxide (Ag2O), as well as binary or composite metal oxides like ZnO/Ag2O nanocomposites. Through this comprehensive literature review, readers will gain insights into the fabrication techniques and explore the intrinsic properties of both single and composite metal oxide NPs, thereby broadening their understanding of these innovative materials and their potential technological impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to detect the Mucin‐1 (MUC1) breast cancer biomarker using a label‐free impedimetric biosensor of silver molybdate anchored on reduced graphene oxide (Ag2MoO4‐rGO). A hydrothermal method has been employed to synthesize the Ag2MoO4‐rGO nanocomposite. Subsequently, they have been studied through analytical characterization techniques to study the electrocatalytic activity, electroactive surface area, surface functionalities, and morphologies to determine the suitability of the material for biosensor fabrication. Results reveal that the Ag2MoO4‐rGO nanocomposite possesses excellent electroconductivity and surface properties that have significant characteristics for the biosensor's performance. A biosensor has been fabricated by the immobilization of Ag2MoO4‐rGO nanocomposite and anti‐MUC1 antibody on a glassy carbon electrode. The electroanalytical studies revealed that the biosensor has excellent sensitivity and detection performance having a wide linearity of 100 fg mL−1–5 ng mL−1 and a low limit of detection of 2.70 fg mL−1. Moreover, the remarkable selectivity, reproducibility, stability, and detection in serum samples determine the high performance of the biosensor. Therefore, the presented biosensor could be a promising diagnostic tool that shows the remarkable potential to efficiently detect the breast cancer MUC1 biomarker in patient's serum samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of Abroma augusta leaf extract and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgO NPs) in managing hyperglycemia-induced metabolic and biochemical alterations. Using a high-sucrose diet, hyperglycemia was induced in albino rats, followed by treatment with the extract, nanoparticles and Metformin for comparison. Results showed significant reductions in serum cholesterol, triglycerides and liver enzyme levels (AST and ALT) in the treated groups. Renal markers such as creatinine, uric acid and BUN were also markedly improved, indicating protection against kidney damage. Both treatments enhanced serum protein levels and reduced bilirubin, reflecting improved liver function. The findings highlight the efficacy of Abroma augusta and AgO NPs as promising natural and nanotechnology-based approaches for mitigating hyperglycemia’s adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there have been numerous great field emission reports of pure and hybrid carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with ultra‐low turn‐on field and ultra‐high emission stability, practically all of the reports indicate concern about CNT manufacture on a large scale. This is due to the fact that CNT experiments require high pressure, temperature, metal catalysis, and an inert environment, and even after meeting all of these perfect conditions, the yield is quite low. Furthermore, as CNT is relatively inert in nature, it is nearly hard to make it reactive with any other metal without adequate functionalization. Keeping this in mind, this work reports the synthesis of CNT in amorphous form by a simple low‐temperature solid‐state reaction between ammonium chloride and ferrocene. The as‐synthesized CNT is further functionalized by silver oxide nanoparticle without additional functionalization. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the proper phase formation as well as the successful functionalization of the pure and hybrid sample, electron microscopic images confirm the successful functionalization of the as‐prepared CNT whereas Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis gives the ideas about different bonding present in all the samples. It has been found that the hybrid sample gives much better field emission performance compare to the pure CNT with betterment in both turn‐on field and enhancement factor more than 100%. The betterment is believed to be due to the favorable band bending, larger number of emission sites, and sharp curvature of the silver particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the synthesis of silver oxide nano particles (AgO-NPs) was carried out using Laurus nobilis leaves extract as a capping and reducing agent. Characteristics of the AgO-NP included; "XRD", "UV", "FT-IR", "SEM-EDX", and other systems. The UV-visible spectra of the aqueous medium peaked at 443.0 nm, which corresponds to the AgO-NPs' Plasmon absorbance. The XRD pattern shows the formation of AgO-NP with a face-centered cubic crystal structure. The SEM analysis showed that the particles had a spherical form. and roughly 16.9 nm in size. There were no harmful stabilizers or reducers added when the silver nanoparticles were being created. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a composite material between chitosan and silver oxide nanoparticles (Ag2NPs) was developed. The universal force field option in the Materials Studio® software was applied to the modelled Ag2NPs within a sphere of variable radius, being 11 å the most stable. In addition, each of these models was taken to their state of minimum energy to verify their stability, and then, a simulation was carried out using a canonical ensemble at 298 K. The X-ray diffraction pattern of these models was simulated and is according to those reported for Ag2O. Molecular and quantum dynamics simulations for the models of the chitosan chains in interaction with Ag2ONPs were made. Each proposed model was based on the Schrödinger equation, considering the quantum fields for the interaction of the nanoparticle in the chitosan substrate. It was observed that the fields were deformed, demonstrating that the presence of the nanoparticle on the surface produces deformation in the polymeric matrix, which suggests a phenomenon of surface adsorption that was confirmed with the RDF where a chemical interaction between the polymer and the silver oxide nanoparticles was shown. This result supports that is possible to obtain the chitosan–Ag2ONPs experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antimicrobial properties of a series of anionic bis(carbene) silver complexes Na3[Ag(NHCR)2] were investigated (2a–2g and 2c′, where NHCR is a 2,2′-(imidazol-2-ylidene)dicarboxylate-type N-heterocyclic carbene). The complexes were synthesized by the interaction of imidazolium dicarboxylate compounds with silver oxide in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide. Complexes 2f,g were characterized analytically and spectroscopically, and the ligand precursor 1f and complexes 2c and 2g were structurally identified by X-ray diffraction methods. The anions of 2c and 2g, [Ag(NHCR)2]3−, showed a typical linear disposition of Ccarbene-Ag-Ccarbene atoms and an uncommonly eclipsed conformation of carbene ligands. The antimicrobial properties of complexes 2a–g, which contains chiral (2b–2e and 2c′) and non-chiral derivatives (2a,f,g), were evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and a Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. From the observed values of the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration, complexes 2a and 2b showed the best antimicrobial activity against all strains. An interesting chirality–antimicrobial relationship was found, and eutomer 2c′ showed better activity than its enantiomer 2c against the three bacteria. Furthermore, these complexes were investigated experimentally and theoretically by 109Ag nuclear magnetic resonance, and the electronic and steric characteristics of the dianionic carbene ligands were also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, tungsten oxide (WO3), silver oxide (Ag2O), and Ag2O/WO3 nanocomposites were synthesised by precipitation and sonication method, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy were used to confirm the structural, spectral, morphological, and optical properties of as-synthesised samples, respectively. The as-prepared Ag2O/WO3 nanocomposite showed improved photocatalytic degradation activity for rhodamine B and methylene blue under solar light compared to pristine WO3 and Ag2O. The percentage degradation values were 79.6%, 86.1% and 90.8% for WO3, Ag2O and Ag2O/WO3 nanocomposite for methylene blue and 70.9%, 80.7% and 87.25% for rhodamine B. One of the possible reasons behind this improved photocatalytic degradation was decreased recombination of photo-generated holes and electrons due to the formation of nanocomposite between WO3 and Ag2O. Optical band gap values for WO3, Ag2O and Ag2O/WO3 nanocomposite were 2.93 eV, 1.59 eV and 1.38 eV, respectively. The Mott-Schottky plot confirmed the formation of nanocomposite and p-type and n-type behaviour of Ag2O and WO3, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of DNA from Cryptosporidium oocysts is challenging due to the robust oocyst wall. Nanoparticles have been applied to disinfect Cryptosporidium oocysts; here, we demonstrate the utilisation of nanoparticles to disrupt the oocyst wall to enable sporozoite lysis and detection via PCR. Both silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles are investigated under different conditions and compared to existing techniques. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are shown to be as effective as freeze–thaw methods, suggesting that a nanoparticle lysis approach offers a viable alternative to existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The ‘Cavendish’ banana is cultivated for its flavor and nutritional value, but its climacteric nature leads to rapid ripening and reduced shelf life. Preserving postharvest quality is crucial for minimizing losses and ensuring consumer satisfaction. Nanoparticles such as ZnO and Ag2O have shown promise in extending the shelf life and maintaining the quality of perishable fruits. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ZnO- and Ag₂O-enriched edible coatings on the postharvest physicochemical quality of ‘Cavendish’ bananas stored at ambient temperature. Bananas were treated with five different formulations: (1) moringa extract alone (MG), (2) moringa extract combined with carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol (MG + CMC + GLY), (3) carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol with Ag2O nanoparticles (Ag2O), (4) carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO), and (5) carboxymethyl cellulose and glycerol with a combination of Ag2O and ZnO nanoparticles (Ag2O + ZnO). The effects on key quality parameters, including weight loss, color retention, total soluble solids, total acidity, pH, and peel structure, were assessed. At the end of the storage period, the fruits treated with ZnO + Ag₂O nanoparticles demonstrated a significantly lower decay incidence of 44.44% than the control (100%). Similarly, nanoparticle-enriched treatments maintained higher L* (1.46-fold), b*(1.38-fold), and ho (1.11-fold) values than the control treatment. Remarkably, the Ag2O + ZnO composite formulation showed the most significant positive effects on total acidity, pH, and stomatal cell integrity toward improving banana quality. This study highlights the potential of ZnO/Ag2O composites as effective postharvest treatments to enhance banana quality and extend shelf life, providing a promising approach to reduce postharvest losses and ensure fruit quality during storage and transportation.

This article was originally published online on 18 December 2024 with the incorrect affiliation identifier noted for author Jan Lancok. The affiliations and their identifiers are correct as they appear above.All online versions of this article were corrected on 16 January 2025.By Stefan Andrei Irimiciuc; Valentina Grumezescu; Alina Maria Holban; Oana Gherasim; Sergii Chertopalov; Bogdan Stefan Vasile; Petronela Prepelita; Valentin Craciun and Jan LancokReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background Silver nanoparticles are widely used in various fields such as industry, medicine, biotechnology, and agriculture. However, the inevitable release of these nanoparticles into the environment poses potential risks to ecosystems and may affect plant productivity. Coronatine is one of the newly identified compounds known for its beneficial influence on enhancing plant resilience against various stress factors. To evaluate the effectiveness of coronatine pretreatment in mitigating the stress induced by silver nanoparticles on cress plants, the present study was carried out. Results Our findings indicated a decrease in multiple growth parameters, proline content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids in cress plants exposed to silver nanoparticle treatment. This decline could be attributed to the oxidative stress induced by the presence of silver nanoparticles in the plants. Conversely, when coronatine treatment was applied, it effectively mitigated the reduction in growth parameters and pigments induced by the silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, we observed an increase in silver content in both the roots and shoot portions, along with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), anthocyanins, glutathione (GSH), and antioxidant enzyme activities in plants exposed to silver nanoparticles. Concurrently, there was a decrease in total phenolic compounds, ascorbate, anthocyanins, and proline content. Pre-treatment of cress seeds with coronatine resulted in increased levels of GSH, total phenolic compounds, and proline content while reducing the silver content in both the root and shoot parts of the plant. Conclusions Coronatine pre-treatment appeared to enhance both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, thereby alleviating oxidative stress and improving the response to stress induced by silver nanoparticles.

Optoelectronic neuromorphic devices based on oxide semiconductors have been potentially investigated to mimic the functions of human visual synapses. However, the challenge comes from the wide bandgap characteristics of numerous oxide semiconductors, which restricts the response range of the device under ultra‐violet (UV) region. Strategies for widening the response range are mostly focused on artificially generating the defect states, however, most of them results in mimicking the tetrachromatic visual system from UV to visible light range. To be used for industries such as robotics, or autonomous vehicles, mimicking the tetrachromatic vision system should be overcome up to near‐infrared (NIR) region. Here, a facile solution processed indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide and silver oxide structured optoelectronic synaptic transistor is fabricated not only to mimic the function of human synapses, but to overcome the tetrachromatic human visual system up to the NIR region. The device not only showed photoresponse characteristics under the entire 405 to 830 nm wavelength region, but also showed significant synaptic behaviors with over 512 conduction states under a reasonable incident light power density of 4.5 mW cm−2. The results will offer a useful facile method for fabricating optoelectronic synaptic transistors that can overcome the tetrachromatic vision systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the phytosynthesis of silver-based nanoparticles using tomato flower waste extracts for the first time in the literature. The determination of total polyphenolic and flavonoid contents in the extracts showed high gallic acid equivalents (6436–8802 mg GAE/kg dm) and high quercetin equivalents (378–633 mg QE/kg dm), respectively, dependent on the extraction method. By the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography technique, 14 polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the tomato flower waste extracts. The abundant phenolic compounds were caffeic acid (36,902–32,217 mg/kg) and chlorogenic acid (1640–1728 mg/kg), and the abundant flavonoid compounds were catechin (292–251 mg/kg) and luteolin (246–108 mg/kg). Transmission electron microscopy of the nanoparticles revealed a particle size range of 14–40 nm. Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the phytosynthesis of the silver/silver oxide nanoparticles. These findings hold significant results for the antibacterial and antitumoral potential applications of the obtained nanoparticles, opening new areas for research and development and inspiring further exploration. The impact of this research on the field of metallic nanoparticle phytosynthesis is substantial, as it introduces a novel approach and could lead to significant advancements in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]