Search

Introduction: Mediastinum is the central portion of the thoracic cavity, compartmentalization of which into anterior, middle, and posterior compartments is useful in understanding the vast diversity of pathological lesions in this space. Cysts, inflammatory lesions, various primary, and metastatic tumors are found in this region, which tend to have a predilection for specific area of mediastinum depending on histopathological type. Objective: The objective was to study the clinicoradiological features and histopathological findings in patients presenting with mediastinal masses in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 10 years. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of cases presenting as mediastinal lesions. Detailed clinical history and radiological findings were noted wherever available. Histopathology and immunohistochemical slides were reviewed. The data were analyzed using mean and percentage. Results: Twenty-four cases of mediastinal lesions were found in this study. It included 4 nonneoplastic lesions, 12 benign, and 8 malignant neoplastic cases. The age ranged from 3 months to 79 years. About 18 cases (64%) were located in the anterior mediastinum, and thymoma (8/18) was the most common lesion. One case each of pericardial cyst, bronchial cyst, and Hodgkin's lymphoma were seen in the middle mediastinum. Three cases of schwannoma and one case of neuroendocrine carcinoma were seen in the posterior mediastinum. Pan-cytokeratin, lymphoma panel, neuroendocrine markers, and placental alkaline phosphatase were done in neoplastic lesions to confirm the diagnosis. Conclusion: This study reflects the varied mediastinal lesions and importance of triad of clinical, radiological, and meticulous immunohistopathological examination for arriving at an appropriate diagnosis.

Introduction: Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer among women in India and accounts for 7% of global burden of BC and one-fifth of all Cancers (CA) among women in India. Aim: This study was conducted for studying the expression of MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC in breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Fifty cases of primary breast carcinoma diagnosed between years 2013 to 2015 were included in the study. Manual tissue array technique was applied for cases subjected to Immunohistochemistry (IHC). An analysis of the expression of IHC markers (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, ER, PR and HER2/neu) was attempted. Results were subjected to statistical analysis. They were considered to be significant when the p-value was less than 0.05. Results: The positivity for MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC in BC was 58%, 8% and 6% and for ER, PR and HER2 was 48%, 36% and 64% respectively. There was a significant correlation between MUC1 expression and ER and PR positivity. There was a significant correlation between MUC2 expression and ER positivity. No significant association was observed between MUC2 and PR expression, MUC5AC expression and ER and PR positivity. There was statistically significant correlation between negative MUC2 and MUC5AC expression and histopathological grade. It was noted that MUC2 and MUC5AC negative tumours were associated with higher tumour stage though not statistically significant. It was noted that MUC5AC negative tumours showed higher frequency of lymphovascular invasion though not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our experience with the present study highlights the role of mucins in the development and progression of BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in women in many developing countries. Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix spreads principally by lymphatics and less commonly through blood vessels. The most frequent sites for those who develop distant metastasis include lungs (21%), lumbar and thoracic spine (16%), and para-aortic lymph nodes (7%). Metastasis to the kidney is extremely rare with <10 previously reported cases. We report a case of renal metastasis from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix detected in end-stage kidney due to hydronephrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Giant Pilomatricoma of the arm: A diagnostic challenge for cytopathologist" by Siddhi Gaurish in the 2015 issue.

Diffuse esophageal leiomyomatosis is a rare hamartomatous disorder characterized by proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the esophageal wall causing circumferential thickening. Its incidence is essentially unknown with very few documented cases. It usually occurs in young adults and is found to be associated with Alport's syndrome. Here, we report this unusual entity in a 22-year-old female presenting with slowly progressive dysphagia with immunopathological study and brief review of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hematological malignancy is a well-known complication following breast carcinoma (BC), but the type of malignancy that occurs and treatment regimens followed are still under evaluation. The literature mostly describes therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome associated with BC. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is extremely rare following BC and is mostly described in patients treated with radiotherapy. Herein, we present a rare case of CLL detected at the time of recurrence in a 61-year-old female patient with a previous history of BC solely treated with surgery. She presented simultaneously with metastatic recurrent carcinoma and CLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In clinical practice, smooth muscle tumors of the vulva are rarely encountered. The histopathological subtype and grading is of utmost importance to the clinician and the patient. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, radiological, cyto-histological examination, and recently by application of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers. Leiomyomas occasionally occur with unusual patterns, making their identification more challenging clinically, radiologically, and cyto-histologically. We encountered a case of lipoleiomyoma of the vulva in a 38-year-old female. To the author's knowledge, this unusual variant of smooth muscle tumor, that is, lipoleiomyoma of the vulvar region has not been mentioned in the literature so far. The detailed clinical, cytomorphological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical study was carried out, which has prompted us to report this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast carcinoma (BCa) is one of the most common cancers among women globally. Increased vimentin expression has been reported in various epithelial cancers., Aim: This study examines the expression of vimentin in BCa and its correlation with various prognostic factors such as tumor size, histological grade, lymph node status, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/neu, and Ki67 status., Materials and Methods: Seventy cases of BCa diagnosed between 2014 and 2015 were included in the study. A technique of manual tissue microarray was employed for the analysis of expression of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers such as vimentin, ER, PR, HER2/neu, and Ki67. Results were subjected to statistical analysis., Results: Vimentin was found positive in 53 (75.7%) cases of BCa, of which 18 cases (25.7%) were triple-negative BCa (TNBC). Positivity for ER, PR, Her2, and Ki67 was 32.8%, 31.4%, 60%, and 99%, respectively. Vimentin expression was significantly associated with ER negativity. All 53 cases expressing vimentin showed positive Ki67 labeling index; however, this was not statistically significant. Maximum vimentin expression was observed in the age group >50 years, postmenopausal women, BCa cases showing lymphovascular invasion (LVI), axillary lymph node metastasis, higher stage and higher grade of tumor, negative PR expression, and positive HER2/neu expression. However, this was not statistically significant. In TNBC, vimentin expression was significantly associated with histological grade and LVI., Conclusion: Vimentin expression was associated with well-established poor prognostic factors of BCa. Vimentin expression if routinely included in histopathology report would aid in better understanding of tumor behavior., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.