Search

While an emphasis is placed on mastery of the IMO’s Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) at Maritime English institutions in Japan, SMCP alone do not lead to the successful acquisition of Maritime English. Various elements constitute proficiency in Maritime English, one of which is reading comprehension ability of nautical publications to ensure the safety of ship navigations. This study is designed to be the cornerstone in identifying the best Maritime English reading comprehension strategy. Participants were 34 university students pursuing to become third-grade maritime officers in navigation. Three learning strategies, namely, the Vocabulary List Method, the Reading Practice Method, and the Vocabulary List and Reading Practice Method, were selected and analyzed with regard to their efficacy, learning time, subjective difficulty, and vocabulary retention level. The results indicated that there were no significant differences among the three learning strategies with regard to their efficacy, learning time, and vocabulary retention level. However, in terms of subjective difficulty, the first method was significantly easier than the other two methods. Moreover, the learning strategies that implemented vocabulary lists have shown more promising results with respect to vocabulary retention level.

口語英語において、文中に生起する定形の連結詞は脱落する傾向にある。この現象は、通常、簡潔さを求める情報伝達上の要請に起因すると考えられている。本論文は、コミュニケーション上の簡潔性が損なわれるような効果を持つ、連結詞脱落に課せられた形式的な制約が存在していることを示す。より具体的に述べると、本論文の主な目的は、文中に生起する定形の連結詞の分布が、口語英語において、少なくとも２種類の制約（すなわち、主語に関する制約と述部に関する制約）により規制されていることを論証することである。さらに、これらの制約をより一般的な原理から導出する可能性が論じられる。, In spoken English, finite copulas at a sentence-medial position tend to be dropped. This phenomenon is usually considered to be due to communicative pressure for brevity. This article shows that there are formal constraints on the copula drop to the effect that communicative succinctness is undermined. More concretely, the main purpose of this article is to argue that the distribution of sentence-medial finite copulas in spoken English is regulated by at least two types of syntactic constraint, one being concerned with the subject and the other concerned with the predicate. Further possibilities are discussed to derive these constraints from more general principles., 東京海洋大学学術研究院海事システム工学部門, Department of Maritime Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT)

The study presented in this paper aims at investigating what safety measures that can be taken to improve the operational safety during icebreaker operations in the Baltic Sea. During icebreaker operations, the icebreaker and the assisted vessel operate in close proximity to each other, a distance which can be even smaller if weather and ice conditions are severe. This poses a severe threat to the operation, since the extremely short distance between the vessels leaves no room for error. The results, which are based on data collected through individual interviews and questionnaires, indicate several possible improvements. Firstly, on a regulatory level, the introduction of an ice navigation certificate for deck officers would set a minimal level of formal competency. Secondly, on a knowledge level, more ice navigation training and better language skills work in favour for the safety. Thirdly, on a technical level, having an electronic chart with target tracking capability increases the efficiency and safety of the passage through ice. In addition to these results, this study shows a need to further research the communication and language situation during icebreaker operations.

El lenguaje utilizado para la comunicación entre buques, buque-estación de tierra o buque-helicóptero es una actividad muy específica que requiere el uso de un compendio de frases normalizadas para las comunicaciones marítimas. En el ámbito académico, el entrenamiento y aprendizaje de este lenguaje queda muy alejado de la experiencia marítima real. Por un lado, difícilmente se puede entrenar por uno mismo y necesitas de otra persona para simular las interacciones que tienen lugar en el contexto marítimo. Por otro lado, al entrenar con otros estudiantes, ni todos tienen el mismo nivel ni llevan el mismo ritmo de aprendizaje. Para abordar estos problemas, en este trabajo se ha desarrollado la herramienta informática SMCP-Training para la formación en Inglés Marítimo. Esta herramienta se ha utilizado en dos asignaturas impartidas en la Escuela de Ingenierías Marina, Náutica y Radioelectrónica de la Universidad de Cádiz. Tanto los resultados recogidos tras su aplicación, como las impresiones de los estudiantes ofrecen evidencias positivas acerca de los beneficios de su uso como recurso primario para el aprendizaje y como refuerzo de lo aprendido., Proyectos de Innovación y Mejora Docente (proyecto sol-201500054563-tra y proyecto sol-201600064916-tra).

This paper is based in part on an earlier publication on SMCP development, but includes new chapters on sociolinguistic and cultural issues arising during pilot’s taking the vessel into/out of harbour with tug assistance. In this case the multinational, multilingual and multicultural bridge team is further extended onto pilot's communicating with the tug master(s). A request has been made by the IFSMA2 to provide shipmasters with a set of phrases for pilots and tug masters in their working language - English - to be used during manoeuvring, since the existing Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) have not been considered elaborate enough for the operation. Maritime English lecturers twinned with maritime professionals have provided a set of appropriate phrases and exercises to help students/ trainees adopt them, as the conclusion of the 2014 seminar organized by G.A.M.E. - Gesellschaft für Ausbildung in Maritimem Englisch (German Association for Maritime English) with the seat at Bremen University of Applied Sciences, Nautical Department, in order to meet the requirements from the maritime industry. A sociolinguistic and cultural issue has arisen as a result of the IFSMA’s invitation to G.A.M.E for a further development of the SMCP Pilotage and Tug Assistance Phrases and for presentation of the newly developed phrases for assessment to the IMO as a most influential safety factor. It would be a great benefit for shipmasters worldwide who regularly find themselves in situations when they cannot follow the pilot’s communication with the tug master(s) because it is carried out in a local language and the pilot, due to being involved in communication with several external parties, is often not in the position to translate the communication for the ship’s master due to the shortage of time. This intention of the IFSMA has met an overt disagreement by the pilot representatives taking part in the activities of the 2014 G.A.M.E. seminar and previously by the EMPA as their association. Therefore, following the approach starting from Roger's Diffusion of innovations theory (1960), revised later byClarke (1999) and Orr (2003), is proposed here to present the stages through which a technological innovation, this extension of SMCP being rightfully considered one, passes on its way to successful adoption.

This paper aims at presenting the activities undertaken since 2012 by the G.A.M.E. – Gesellschaft für Ausbildung in Maritimem Englisch (German Association for Maritime English) with the seat at Bremen University of Applied Sciences, Nautical Department and presided by Capt. Willi Wittig, Head of the Department. The Association gathers Maritime English instructors and maritime professionals who have recently focused on updating the existing Standard Marine Communication Phrases – SMCP – in order to better match the ever growing requirements in maritime aff airs. The emphasis has been put on the pilotage and tug assistance phrases, as the existing body of phrases has not been felt entirely suitable to the activities performed. Thus, Capt. Matthias Meyer, master mariner and lecturer at the Nautical Department of the University of Applied Sciences in Bremen, former elder brother of Port Pilot Society Bremerhaven, was entrusted with the task of proposing a further development of the phrases related to this particular seafaring activity. The other lecturers, including the author of the paper, contributed during the 2014 G.A.M.E. summer seminar to Capt. Meyer’s proposal purely from the linguistic or methodical point of view.

Prijevod izraza za osiguravanje sigurnosti plovidbe i zaštite morskog okoliša