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Copyright of Conjuntura Austral is the property of Conjuntura Austral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Building budget design (RAB) is a way to calculate the costs that will be required from a building and with this cost the building can be realized as planned. In Indonesia, there are methods for planning the unit cost price of project budgets, namely BOW (Burgelijke Openbare Werken) and SNI (Regulation of The Ministry of Public Works and Housing Republic Indonesia Number 1 of 2022 concerning Guidelines for Preparing Estimated Costs of Construction Work in the Field of Public Works and Public Housing) where the SNI method is an adjustment and renewal of the BOW analysis which is an analysis of the legacy of the Dutch Government which contains a labor-intensive and conventional work system. However, the reality in the field is that the BOW method is still widely used for building construction work because the coefficient used is greater than using the SNI method so that it is possible to get a greater profit. This study aims to find out the RAB of the SNI and BOW methods and then find out the difference to be an alternative reference in planning construction costs with the SNI and BOW methods and add insight. In the calculation of the budget plan for concrete work costs for the construction of the UPN Veteran Yogyakarta Integrated Research Laboratory Building using 2 methods, the SNI method was obtained at Rp 9,659,059,280.45 while using the BOW method at Rp 14,474,237,708.85. The difference between the SNI and BOW method budget plans is Rp 4,815,178,428.39. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Special Treatment / Különleges Bánásmód is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El capitalismo académico describe la transformación de las universidades hacia un modelo empresarial. Los efectos que ha traído a las comunidades universitarias son diversos, pero resalta la desigualdad por género. El objetivo es analizar las experiencias compartidas por un grupo de académicas sobre el Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (SNI). Estos son los resultados de un estudio sobre el capitalismo académico en una universidad pública del sur de México, realizado con una metodología fenomenológica y utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas. En general, las académicas coinciden en que pertenecer al SNI es una importante distinción, la cual representa un alto costo para ellas en términos de la productividad y el tiempo que demanda, además de enfrentar dilemas relacionados con el trabajo de cuidados u otras decisiones vitales, como ser madres o tener pareja. El análisis revela que aún hay mucho por hacer en relación con las políticas educativas en México desde una perspectiva de género.

La desigualdad de género caracteriza todos los ámbitos de la vida en México y la academia no es la excepción. No obstante los logros de las últimas décadas en la implementación de políticas públicas sobre el tema queda un gran camino para lograr la igualdad plena. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las trayectorias vitales de académicas de Ciudad Juárez adscritas al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Conacyt), para identificar la influencia de estereotipos de género, techos de cristal, obstáculos, dificultades y oportunidades, para la conciliación entre la vida privada doméstica y la laboral pública, así como explorar autopercepciones de aportes realizados.

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Phosphorylation of the serine 139 of the histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) is a DNA damage marker that regulates DNA damage response and various diseases. However, whether γH2AX is involved in neuropathic pain is still unclear. We found the expression of γH2AX and H2AX decreased in mice dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after spared nerve injury (SNI). Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), which promotes γH2AX, was also down-regulated in DRG after peripheral nerve injury. ATM inhibitor KU55933 decreased the level of γH2AX in ND7/23 cells. The intrathecal injection of KU55933 down-regulated DRG γH2AX expression and significantly induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of ATM by siRNA could also decrease the pain threshold. The inhibition of dephosphorylation of γH2AX by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) siRNA partially suppressed the down-regulation of γH2AX after SNI and relieved pain behavior. Further exploration of the mechanism revealed that inhibiting ATM by KU55933 up-regulated extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and down-regulated potassium ion channel genes, such as potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2 (Kcnq2) and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 (Kcnd2) in vivo, and KU559333 enhanced sensory neuron excitability in vitro. These preliminary findings imply that the down-regulation of γH2AX may contribute to neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of epigenetics in chronic pain at the supraspinal level is yet to be fully characterized. DNA histone methylation is crucially regulated by de novo methyltransferases (DNMT1-3) and ten-eleven translocation dioxygenases (TET1-3). Evidence has shown that methylation markers are altered in different CNS regions related to nociception, namely the dorsal root ganglia, the spinal cord, and different brain areas. Decreased global methylation was found in the DRG, the prefrontal cortex, and the amygdala, which was associated with decreased DNMT1/3a expression. In contrast, increased methylation levels and mRNA levels of TET1 and TET3 were linked to augmented pain hypersensitivity and allodynia in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Since epigenetic mechanisms may be responsible for the regulation and coordination of various transcriptional modifications described in chronic pain states, with this study, we aimed to evaluate the functional role of TET1-3 and DNMT1/3a genes in neuropathic pain in several brain areas. In a spared nerve injury rat model of neuropathic pain, 21 days after surgery, we found increased TET1 expression in the medial prefrontal cortex and decreased expression in the caudate-putamen and the amygdala; TET2 was upregulated in the medial thalamus; TET3 mRNA levels were reduced in the medial prefrontal cortex and the caudate-putamen; and DNMT1 was downregulated in the caudate-putamen and the medial thalamus. No statistically significant changes in expression were observed with DNMT3a. Our results suggest a complex functional role for these genes in different brain areas in the context of neuropathic pain. The notion of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation being cell-type specific and not tissue specific, as well as the possibility of chronologically differential gene expression after the establishment of neuropathic or inflammatory pain models, ought to be addressed in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are anatomically well-defined structures that contain all primary sensory neurons and are distension nodules of the dorsal root in the spinal cord near the medial surface of each foramen. Therefore, DRG is considered to be a desirable target for injection to manage chronic pain. But it presents a limitation in probing deep into it without in vivo injection technology. Methods: Here, we described a technique for administering intraganglionic injections of lumbar DRG under direct vision. We use partial osteotomy rather than laminectomy, which removes more bone, to preserve spinal structures while gaining adequate DRG access. To monitor the intraoperative progress of the DRG injection, a non-toxic dye was utilized. The effectiveness of the injection on the diffusion of AAV (adeno-associated virus) within the ganglion was assessed by histopathology at postoperative day 21. Results: Behavioral tests showed that neither motor nor sensory abilities were affected by saline or AAV injections. Meanwhile, the decreased pain threshold of SNI (spared nerve injury) was considerably restored by pharmacological inhibition of DRG neurons. Discussion: Our research achieved a new minimally invasive and intuitive intraganglionic injection in mice. In addition, the present protocol may serve as a valuable resource for planning preclinical studies of DRG injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nutrition & Feed Technology Journal / Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Setiap Negara bebas untuk melakukan kerjasama dalam bidang perdagangan dengan Negara mana pun guna meningkatkan perekonomiannya yang didasarkan pada kesepakatan World Trade Organization (WTO). Indonesia sebagai Negara anggota WTO juga telah mengikuti berbagai perjanjian perdagangan internasional baik yang bersifat bilateral maupun multilateral, salah satunya adalah Asean-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Banyaknya produk China yang masuk ke pasar Indonesia membuat Pemerintah Indonesia harus menjaga kepentingan nasional dengan memberlakukan standardisasi melalui Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Penelitian ini membahas tentang bagaimana standar internasional atas produk barang dalam kerangka kesepakatan WTO, bagaimana kebijakan pemerintah tentang standardisasi barang dalam menghadapi ACFTA, dan bagaimana harmonisasi SNI dengan standar internasional berdasarkan kesepakatan WTO dalam rangka ACFTA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) yang dianalisis melalui analisis kualitatif. Standar internasional atas barang melalui kesepakatan WTO kaitannya dengan ACFTA mengacu kepada perjanjian internasional yang telah disepakati melalui kesepakatan WTO yakni Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary Measures (SPS) dan Agreement on Technical Barriers To Trade (TBT). Kebijakan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia tentang standardisasi barang dalam menyikapi ACFTA yakni membuat Undang-Undang mengenai Standardisasi dan Penilaian Kesesuaian Nomor 20 Tahun 2014 serta melakukan kerjasama dengan lembaga eksternal. Harmonisasi SNI dengan standar internasional dilakukan dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Technical Barriers to Trade baik melalui adopsi maupun modifikasi.

UKM Kartifarm Jaya Abadi dengan produk kopi bubuk merk Liber.Co dalam proses pengembangan usahanya mengalami beberapa kendala terkait standar mutu, kemasan, perizinan, sertifikasi produk, serta pasokan produk yang akan dijual. Kualitas adalah aspek terpenting dari pemasaran kopi, salah satunya adalah kualitas fisik dan visual kopi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan karakterisasi mutu fisik kopi bubuk Liber.Co untuk mengetahui kesesuaiannya dengan SNI 01-3542-2004 Syarat Mutu Kopi Bubuk. Hasil menunjukkan kopi bubuk liberika Sambas yang diproduksi CV. KartiFarm Jaya Abadi dengan merk Liber.Co memiliki karakteristik mutu fisik kopi bubuk yang sesuai dengan persyaratan SNI 01-3542-2004: Kopi Bubuk. Mutu fisik berupa keadaan bau atau aroma, warna, dan rasa kopi bubuk liberika Sambas menunjukkan keadaan normal.

The palm sugar center of Banten Province, Indonesia, is in Lebak Regency with a production contribution of approximately 70%. Baduy's palm sugar has the potential to be the best palm sugar in Banten. The quality of palm sugar is based on chemical and organoleptic properties such as water insoluble material, water content, ash content, reducing sugar and saccharose sugar as well as sensory tests. The distribution of variance and deviation of its standard was analyzed by statistical means, such as, histogram, control chart and Pareto chart. The results of this study are expected to increase the confidence of the domestic and foreign people to consume it so that it becomes one of the food tourism destinations in Banten. This study aims to determine: the characteristics of product quality, the diversity and the deviation of chemical characteristic compared to Indonesian National Standard (abbreviated SNI) Palm Sugar. The average value of Baduy's palm sugar chemical characteristic, namely water content, ash content, water insoluble content, reducing sugar content and saccharose sugar content, respectively were 8.3749 %bb, 1.6773%bb, 0.5946%bb, 0,5625 %bb and 85.78%bb. The percentage of discrepancy from the chemical characteristics analysis of Baduy palm sugar with SNI, namely the sugar content as saccharose reached 63%, ash content reached 15% and water content reached 12%. While the results of reducing sugar content and water insoluble content analysis were in accordance with SNI. Based on the Pareto diagram, the results of the chemical characteristic analysis of Baduy palm sugar that most do not comply with SNI were the sugar content as saccharose. The average saccharose sugar content reached 85.78% bb, did not meet the SNI at 77% bb. In the sensory analysis, Baduy palm sugar had characteristics that were close to ideal compared to other commercial palm sugar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic Capitalism describes the transformation of the university towards a business model. The effects that it has brought to the university community are diverse, but gender inequality stands out. The objective is to analyze the experiences shared by a group of academics on the National System of Researchers (SNI). These are the results of a study on Academic Capitalism at a public university in southern Mexico, carried out with a phenomenological methodology and using semi-structured interviews. In general, the academics agree that belonging to the SNI is an important distinction that represents a high cost for them in terms of productivity and the time it takes, but they also face dilemmas related to care work or other vital decisions such as being mothers or having a partner. The analysis reveals that there is still work to be done regarding policies in Mexico from a gender perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's economic condition, which is experiencing a weakening due to the pandemic, has created a competitive climate among businesses. Jago Jaya Shuttlecock is one of the SMEs in the city of Surakarta that has been producing shuttlecocks since 1971. Jago Jaya Shuttlecock wants its products to be SNI certified for the expansion of the marketing network and to increase the class of the products it produces. Therefore, this research was conducted to assess the readiness of SMEs to obtain SNI certificates. This was done by examining quality control using a control chart and the process capability in accordance with the quality requirements in SNI 0036-2014. This research also examined the readiness of SMEs in the SNI certification process from the aspects of administration, technical quality assurance, and economic capability. The problem was analyzed using the Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and obtained suggestions for improvements according to the priority of action if the specification is out of control and the Cpk indicator <1.5. In the preparation of SMEs in the SNI certification process, it was found that the readiness in the administrative, technical aspects of quality assurance and economic aspects were 100%, 17%, and 100% respectively. Based on the results, recommendations were given to improve the quality assurance system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Following surgical repair after peripheral nerve injury, neuropathic pain diminishes in most patients but can persist in a small proportion of cases, the mechanism of which remains poorly understood. Based on the spared nerve injury (SNI), we developed a rat nerve repair (NR) model, where a delayed reconstruction of the SNI-injured nerves resulted in alleviating chronic pain-like behavior only in a subpopulation of rats. Multiple behavioral measures were assayed over 11-week presurgery and postsurgery periods (tactile allodynia, pain prick responses, sucrose preference, motor coordination, and cold allodynia) in SNI (n = 10), sham (n = 8), and NR (n = 12) rats. All rats also underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging under anesthesia at multiple time points postsurgery, and at 10 weeks, histology and retrograde labeling were used to calculate peripheral reinnervation. Behavioral measures indicated that at approximately 5 weeks postsurgery, the NR group separated to pain persisting (NR persisting, n = 5) and recovering (NR recovering, n = 7) groups. Counts of afferent nerves and dorsal root ganglion cells were not different between NR groups. Therefore, NR group differences could not be explained by peripheral reorganization. By contrast, large brain functional connectivity differences were observed between NR groups, where corticolimbic reorganization paralleled with pain recovery (repeated-measures analysis of variance, false discovery rate, P < 0.05), and functional connectivity between accumbens and medial frontal cortex was related both to tactile allodynia (nociception) and to sucrose preference (anhedonia) in the NR group. Our study highlights the importance of brain circuitry in the reversal of neuropathic pain as a natural pain-relieving mechanism. Further studies regarding the therapeutic potentials of these processes are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kesadaran masyarakat terhadap produk yang ber-SNI masih sangat minim. Disisi lain, Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN) dan Masyarakat Standardisasi (MASTAN) sudah cukup gencar melakukan sosialisasi SNI kepada masyarakat. Namun pada hasil analisis, diketahui bahwa media sosialisasi yang digunakan masih terbatas sehingga mengakibatkan rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap produk ber-SNI. Maka dari itu, perlu dirancang suatu media yang dapat membantu dalam menyosialisasikan SNI secara menarik dan efektif. Untuk itu, dikembangkan aplikasi dari dokumen SNI yang menggunakan teknologi augmented reality. Output dari aplikasi augmented reality ini berupa 3D objek dari produk yang ber-SNI, parameter mutu dari tiap komponen, dan syarat uji untuk lulus uji SNI. Setelah dilakukan uji coba, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pemahaman masyarakat atas produk yang ber-SNI meningkat sebanyak 73,5% sehingga aplikasi yang dibuat dapat menjadi media alternatif untuk menyosialisasikan SNI.

Copyright of Iskolakultúra is the property of University of Szeged, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to manage shell and shell waste from fishery products into chitosan. The processing was carried out by isolating and characterizing chitosan from the shells of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vanname), the shells of the coral crab (Charybdis ferryatus) and the shells of the freshwater lobster (Cherax quadricarinatus). The isolation method was carried out in several stages starting with demineralization, deproteination, depigmentation, deacetylation and then the characterization of the isolated chitosan. Characterization includes determining the degree of deacetylation, yield percentage, and absorption analysis of the isolated chitosan functional group using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry. The isolation results obtained chitosan from vaname shrimp shell waste, coral crab shells and freshwater crayfish shells with a degree of deacetylation (%) of 82.84±0.13; 82.84±0.13; and 67.84±0.05. Chitosan from the isolation of vaname shrimp shell waste, coral crab shells is in accordance with the Standard National Indonesian (SNI) quality, while chitosan from freshwater crayfish shell waste is not suitable [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Peripheral nerve injuries result in pronounced alterations in dorsal root ganglia, which can lead to the development of neuropathic pain. Although the polymodal mechanosensitive transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel is emerging as a relevant target for potential analgesic therapies, preclinical studies do not provide unequivocal mechanistic insight into its relevance for neuropathic pain pathogenesis. By using a transgenic mouse model with a conditional depletion of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) signal transducer gp130 in Nav1.8 expressing neurons (SNS-gp130-/-), we provide a mechanistic regulatory link between IL-6/gp130 and TRPA1 in the spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Spared nerve injury mice developed profound mechanical hypersensitivity as indicated by decreased withdrawal thresholds in the von Frey behavioral test in vivo, as well as a significant increase in mechanosensitivity of unmyelinated nociceptive primary afferents in ex vivo skin-nerve recordings. In contrast to wild type and control gp130fl/fl animals, SNS-gp130-/- mice did not develop mechanical hypersensitivity after SNI and exhibited low levels of Trpa1 mRNA in sensory neurons, which were partially restored by adenoviral gp130 re-expression in vitro. Importantly, uninjured but not injured neurons developed increased responsiveness to the TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde, and neurons derived from SNS-gp130-/- mice after SNI were significantly less responsive to cinnamaldehyde. Our study shows for the first time that TRPA1 upregulation is attributed specifically to uninjured neurons in the SNI model, and this depended on the IL-6 signal transducer gp130. We provide a solution to the enigma of TRPA1 regulation after nerve injury and stress its significance as an important target for neuropathic pain disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classroom light intensity is one of the essential factors in the learning process. Several factors affect light intensity in the classroom, i.e., determination of classroom design, position of objects in the classroom, window design, shading devices, type of lamp, and type of lamp armature. The research aims to determine the effect of armature lamp type. The results of this research are expected to increase the efficiency of electricity costs and use the classroom optimal lighting system according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Two types of lamp armature used in this research i.e. LED tube armature and LED bulb armature. This research used E11-210 classroom in E11 Building of Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang with the size of 12m x 9m x 3.5m. Simulation in this research used Dialux Evo 9 software. The results of observations and simulations show that E11-210 classroom had not followed SNI yet, in 350 lux. Based on simulation results, it shows that using LED tube armature and LED bulb armature will get light intensity of E11-210 classroom that follow SNI 6197:2011. Simulation results show that the use of LED tube armature (Powerbalance Gen2 RC463B) in E11-210 classroom will increase efficiency of electricity costs by 27.81%. Meanwhile, the use of LED bulb armature (Luxspace Ace Acccent RS750B) in E11-210 classroom will increase efficiency of electricity costs by 33.96%.

Alterations in the neuro-immune balance play a major role in the pathophysiology of chronic neuropathic pain. MicroRNAs (miRNA) can regulate both immune and neuronal processes and may function as master switches in chronic pain development and maintenance. We set out to analyze the role of miR-132-3p, first in patients with peripheral neuropathies and second in an animal model of neuropathic pain. We initially determined miR-132-3p expression by measuring its levels in white blood cells (WBC) of 30 patients and 30 healthy controls and next in sural nerve biopsies of 81 patients with painful or painless inflammatory or non-inflammatory neuropathies based on clinical diagnosis. We found a 2.6 fold increase in miR-132-3p expression in WBC of neuropathy patients compared to healthy controls (p

Minyak goreng merupakan bahan pangan yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat. Penggunaan minyak goreng berulang kali akan mengakibatkan kerusakan minyak yang terdiri dari kerusakan oksidasi dan hidrolisis. Lele menjadi makanan yang sangat diminati oleh masyarakat Indonesia karena rasanya enak dan harganya juga relatif murah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui angka asam dan peroksida minyak jelantah dari penggorengan lele secara berulang. Metode Penelitian ini adalah sampel diperoleh dari minyak goreng yang telah digunakan untuk menggoreng lele sebanyak tiga kali pada hari pertama dilanjutkan tiga kali pada hari kedua sehingga menjadi enam kali dan dilanjutkan tiga kali pada hari ketiga sehingga menjadi sembilan kali dengan ketentuan setiap menggoreng terdapat 3 ekor lele. Lele yang digunakan yaitu lele dengan berat 100-120 gram dengan penambahan bumbu. Deep frying merupakan metode penggorengan yang digunakan. Cara penggorengan diawali dengan memanaskan minyak goreng hingga mencapai suhu 150-165oC. Sampel diambil sebanyak 50 gram setelah dilakukan penggorengan dan dimasukkan kedalam botol kaca kemudian disimpan dalam suhu kulkas untuk dianalisis angka asam dan angka peroksida. Seluruh jumlah angka asam dan angka peroksida pada penggorengan hari pertama hingga penggorengan hari ketiga masih dalam batas standar SNI 3741:2013 yang telah ditentukan.

Mitochondria play an essential role in pathophysiology of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain (NP), but the mechanisms are not yet clear. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is broadly expressed in the central nervous system and plays a role in the induction of mitochondrial fission process. Spared nerve injury (SNI), due to the dysfunction of the neurons within the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), is the most common NP model. We explored the neuroprotective role of Drp1 within SDH in SNI. SNI mice showed pain behavior and anxiety-like behavior, which was associated with elevation of Drp1, as well as increased density of mitochondria in SDH. Ultrastructural analysis showed SNI induced damaged mitochondria into smaller perimeter and area, tending to be circular. Characteristics of vacuole in the mitochondria further showed SNI induced the increased number of vacuole, widened vac-perimeter and vac-area. Stable overexpression of Drp1 via AAV under the control of the Drp1 promoter by intraspinal injection (Drp1 OE) attenuated abnormal gait and alleviated pain hypersensitivity of SNI mice. Mitochondrial ultrastructure analysis showed that the increased density of mitochondria induced by SNI was recovered by Drp1 OE which, however, did not change mitochondrial morphology and vacuole parameters within SDH. Contrary to Drp1 OE, down-regulation of Drp1 in the SDH by AAV-Drp1 shRNA (Drp1 RNAi) did not alter painful behavior induced by SNI. Ultrastructural analysis showed the treatment by combination of SNI and Drp1 RNAi (SNI + Drp1 RNAi) amplified the damages of mitochondria with the decreased distribution density, increased perimeter and area, as well as larger circularity tending to be more circular. Vacuole data showed SNI + Drp1 RNAi increased vacuole density, perimeter and area within the SDH mitochondria. Our results illustrate that mitochondria within the SDH are sensitive to NP, and targeted mitochondrial Drp1 overexpression attenuates pain hypersensitivity. Drp1 offers a novel therapeutic target for pain treatment.

El propósito del presente estudio es medir la actitud hacia la cooperación tecno-científica entre Instituciones de Educación Superior y Empresas del Sector Productivo de profesores-investigadores, así como analizar las diferencias por sexo, edad, y nivel en el Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. Se utilizó una muestra no aleatoria por conveniencia de 182 p-i (50 mujeres y 132 hombres) quienes contestaron el Cuestionario para medir la percepción de la cooperación tecno-científica entre las Instituciones de Educación Superior y el Sector Productivo. Entre los hallazgos, se destacan valores de diferencia no significativa (p > .05), y tamaño de efecto chico (η2 = .01) entre los grupos.

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pemutuan gabah dan beras sangat diperlukan guna mengetahui kualitas gabah dan beras yang dihasilkan serta untuk menentukan nilai jual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis mutu fisik gabah dan beras serta menilai mutu gabah menurut SNI 1987 dan mutu beras menurut SNI 6128-2015. Bahan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah gabah kering giling (GKG) varietas IPB 3S dan beras varietas padi Ciherang. Masing-masing sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 100 gram dengan 4 kali ulangan. Parameter pengukuran mutu fisik gabah meliputi kadar air, gabah hampa, butir rusak (kuning), butir mengapur (gabah muda) serta gabah merah. Sedangkan parameter pengukuran mutu fisik beras meliputi kadar air, persentase beras kepala, butir patah, butir menir, butir merah, butir kuning (rusak), butir kapur, benda asing dan butir gabah. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwagabah varietas IPB 3S memiliki kadar air sebesar 14.55%, gabah hampa 1.64%, butir mengapur (gabah muda) sebesar 3.12%, butir rusak (kuning) sebesar 4.46% dan butir merah sebesar 0%. Sedangkan komponen mutu fisik beras varietas padi Ciherang memiliki kadar air sebesar 14.3%, butir kepala sebesar 66.73%, butir patah sebesar 24.18%, butir menir sebesar 7.21%, butir mengapur sebesar 1.51%, butir kuning (rusak) sebesar 0.21%, butir merah sebesar 0.01%, benda asing 0% serta butir gabah 0%. Pemutuan gabah varietas IPB 3S berada pada kategori gabah Mutu II, sedangkan beras varietas padi Ciherang tidak sesuai dengan SNI beras dikarenakan tingginya persentase beras menir.

Abstract: Most cutaneous C fibers, including both peptidergic and nonpeptidergic subtypes, are presumed to be nociceptors and respond to noxious input in a graded manner. However, mechanically sensitive, nonpeptidergic C fibers also respond to mechanical input in the innocuous range, so the degree to which they contribute to nociception remains unclear. To address this gap, we investigated the function of nonpeptidergic afferents using the MrgprdCre allele. In real-time place aversion studies, we found that low-frequency optogenetic activation of MrgrpdCre lineage neurons was not aversive in naive mice but became aversive after spared nerve injury (SNI). To address the underlying mechanisms of this allodynia, we recorded responses from lamina I spinoparabrachial (SPB) neurons using the semi-intact ex vivo preparation. After SNI, innocuous brushing of the skin gave rise to abnormal activity in lamina I SPB neurons, consisting of an increase in the proportion of recorded neurons that responded with excitatory postsynaptic potentials or action potentials. This increase was likely due, at least in part, to an increase in the proportion of lamina I SPB neurons that received input on optogenetic activation of MrgprdCre lineage neurons. Intriguingly, in SPB neurons, there was a significant increase in the excitatory postsynaptic current latency from MrgprdCre lineage input after SNI, consistent with the possibility that the greater activation post-SNI could be due to the recruitment of a new polysynaptic circuit. Together, our findings suggest that MrgprdCre lineage neurons can provide mechanical input to the dorsal horn that is nonnoxious before injury but becomes noxious afterwards because of the engagement of a previously silent polysynaptic circuit in the dorsal horn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Veteriner is the property of Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Udayana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudo visa analisar o Sistema Nacional de Inovação (SNI) das principais economias emergentes na América Latina. Para isso, foram utilizados indicadores focados na ciência, tecnologia e educação, coletados a partir de diferentes fontes. Os resultados analisados demonstram que o Chile é o país que mais gera patentes, a Argentina foi a economia que mais apresentou pesquisadores atuando em P&D, o Brasil se destacou pela parcela do PIB destinada à educação e a Colômbia teve maior aumento geral nos indicadores. Ainda assim, os referidos países se encontram consideravelmente atrasados em relação aos países do Leste Europeu.

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad reflexionar en torno a la perspectiva de género, se dirige a la búsqueda de la deconstrucción de códigos culturales que suscitan la desigualdad de oportunidades entre hombre y mujeres y, en ese tenor, analizar respecto al ingreso y permanencia de las académicas universitarias en el Sistema Nacional de investigadores (SNI), creado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México. El SNI obedece una política pública que busca incrementar la productividad investigativa con calidad. A través del análisis de datos reportados por la Universidad Veracruzana y la Universidad de Quintana Roo, se encontró que la presencia de las mujeres en el SNI es menor que la de los hombres, en ambas Universidades, y que los niveles más altos los han alcanzado los hombres. A partir de este hallazgo, a lo largo del trabajo, se reflexiona sobre varias preguntas: ¿realmente hay igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres para el ingreso y permanencia en el SNI?, ¿las propuestas de incluir la perspectiva de género han sido funcionales?, ¿el SNI logra su cometido de elevar la calidad?, ¿por qué razones las mujeres no logran producir en calidad y en cantidad igual que los hombres?

Copyright of Informacao & Sociedade: Estudos is the property of Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pancreatitis-associated proteins (PAPs) display multiple functions in visceral diseases. Previous studies showed that the expression level of PAP-I was low in the DRG of naive rats but was de novo expressed after peripheral nerve injury. However, its role in neuropathic pain remains unknown. We found that PAP-I expression was continuously upregulated in the DRG neurons from rat spared nerve injury models, and transported toward the spinal dorsal horn to act as a proinflammatory factor. Intrathecal delivery of PAP-I enhanced sensory hyperalgesia, whereas PAP-I deficiency by either gene knockout or antibody application alleviated tactile allodynia at the maintenance phase after spared nerve injury. Furthermore, PAP-I functioned by activating the spinal microglia via C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 that participated in neuropathic pain. Inhibition of either microglial activation or C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 abolished the PAP-I-induced hyperalgesia. Thus, PAP-I mediates the neuron-microglial crosstalk after peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo un sistema de estímulos económicos y de reconocimiento a las actividades de investigación en México ha impactado la productividad científica de las instituciones de educación superior (ies) a nivel nacional. Este análisis emplea una base de datos con información de 27,667 investigadores mexicanos que han formado parte del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores (sni), al menos por un año, en el periodo 1991-2011, e integra 122,406 artículos publicados por dichos científicos en revistas isi. A fin de determinar la cantidad y calidad de la productividad de las ies, se consideraron como unidades de medida los artículos de publicaciones científicas y las citas bibliográficas. Los resultados indican que únicamente el 28% de las ies analizadas emitieron uno o más artículos en el periodo de estudio. Adicionalmente, nuestros resultados muestran que en diez universidades se agrupa tanto la mayor cantidad de artículos publicados, como la mayor cantidad de citas bibliográficas. Por otra parte, se muestra que la edad máxima de productividad es a los 58 años para el caso de las investigadoras y 57 años para los investigadores. Finalmente, una de las contribuciones de este trabajo es que muestra que las actividades de colaboración están en continuo crecimiento entre los investigadores.

In this paper, we revisit the security conditions of masked hardware implementations. We describe a new, succinct, information-theoretic condition called d-glitch immunity which is both necessary and sufficient for security in the presence of glitches. We show that this single condition includes, but is not limited to, previous security notions such as those used in higher-order threshold implementations and in abstractions using ideal gates. As opposed to these previously known necessary conditions, our new condition is also sufficient. On the other hand, it excludes avoidable notions such as uniformity. We also treat the notion of (strong) noninterference from an information-theoretic point-of-view in order to unify the different security concepts and pave the way to the verification of composability in the presence of glitches. We conclude the paper by demonstrating how the condition can be used as an efficient and highly generic flaw detection mechanism for a variety of functions and schemes based on different operations.

In this study, change of IGF-I in lactation period was investigated on 11 heads female white goat (6 heads 2 aged and 5 heads 3 aged) raised at the farm of Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Turkey. To determine IGF-I concentrations, the blood samples were regularly taken from jugular vein of goats in every two weeks during lactation period. The blood samples were centrifuged at 4000xg for 5 min. and serum was stored at -20 °C until analysis time. IGF-I analysis in the blood serum were performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) method. Climatic values of the experimental period were obtained from the local meteorological service and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated. In the study, the observed IGF-I concentrations with respect to periods and age groups was analyzed by the repeated measures of ANOVA analysis. Significant differences (P<0.01) were found among the periods for IGF-I concentrations. In conclusion IGF-I concentrations were significantly influenced by photoperiod changes and IGF-I releases were depend on increased length of day during lactation period in White goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons provide connectivity between peripheral tissues and the spinal cord. Transcriptional plasticity within DRG sensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury contributes to nerve repair but also leads to maladaptive plasticity, including the development of neuropathic pain. This study presents tissue and neuron-specific expression profiling of both known and novel long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) in the rodent DRG after nerve injury. We have identified a large number of novel LncRNAs expressed within the rodent DRG, a minority of which were syntenically conserved between the mouse, rat, and human, and including, both intergenic and antisense LncRNAs. We have also identified neuron type-specific LncRNAs in the mouse DRG and LncRNAs that are expressed in human IPS cell-derived sensory neurons. We show significant plasticity in LncRNA expression after nerve injury, which in mice is strain and gender dependent. This resource is publicly available and will aid future studies of DRG neuron identity and the transcriptional landscape in both the naive and injured DRG. We present our work regarding novel antisense and intergenic LncRNAs as an online searchable database, accessible from PainNetworks (http://www.painnetworks.org/). We have also integrated all annotated gene expression data in PainNetworks, so they can be examined in the context of their protein interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My recent publication highlighting the unintended steering influences of publication incentives on the research agenda of Mexican ecological scientists elicited a vehement critique from two renowned Mexican ecologists, Williams and Morrone. The argument I advance is that Mexico's National System of Researchers (SNI) unintentionally steers ecological researchers away from the knowledge needs of local, national, and regional users of scientific knowledge and relinquishes research priority-setting to individuals and institutions disconnected from Mexico's knowledge needs. Rather than engaging with the substance of argument, these critics focus on what they believe to be factual errors. In their response, Williams and Morrone effectively but unintentionally confirm the premise, mechanism, and indeed the key factual claims in my article. I stand behind my analysis as published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]