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Image super-resolution is an important subject in image processing and recognition. Here, we present an attention-aided convolutional neural network for solar image super-resolution. Our method, named SolarCNN, aims to enhance the quality of line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms of solar active regions (ARs) collected by the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The ground-truth labels used for training SolarCNN are the LOS magnetograms collected by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Solar ARs consist of strong magnetic fields in which magnetic energy can suddenly be released to produce extreme space-weather events, such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar energetic particles. SOHO/MDI covers Solar Cycle 23, which is stronger with more eruptive events than Cycle 24. Enhanced SOHO/MDI magnetograms allow for better understanding and forecasting of violent events of space weather. Experimental results show that SolarCNN improves the quality of SOHO/MDI magnetograms in terms of the structural similarity index measure, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of lymphatic vessels, is tightly linked to the development of the venous vasculature, both at the cellular and molecular levels. Here, we identify a novel role for Sorbs1, the founding member of the SoHo family of cytoskeleton adaptor proteins, in vascular and lymphatic development in the zebrafish. Results: We show that Sorbs1 is required for secondary sprouting and emergence of several vascular structures specifically derived from the axial vein. Most notably, formation of the precursor parachordal lymphatic structures is affected in sorbs1 mutant embryos, severely impacting the establishment of the trunk lymphatic vessel network. Interestingly, we show that Sorbs1 interacts with the BMP pathway and could function outside of Vegfc signaling. Mechanistically, Sorbs1 controls FAK/Src signaling and subsequently impacts on the cytoskeleton processes regulated by Rac1 and RhoA GTPases. Inactivation of Sorbs1 altered cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contacts rearrangement and cytoskeleton dynamics, leading to specific defects in endothelial cell migratory and adhesive properties. Conclusions: Overall, using in vitro and in vivo assays, we identify Sorbs1 as an important regulator of venous and lymphatic angiogenesis independently of the Vegfc signaling axis. These results provide a better understanding of the complexity found within context-specific vascular and lymphatic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. The 11 yr solar cycle is known to affect the global modes of solar acoustic oscillations. In particular, p mode frequencies increase with solar activity. Aims. We propose a new method to detect the solar cycle from the p-mode autocorrelation function, and we validate this method using VIRGO/SPM photometric time series from solar cycles 23 and 24. Methods. The p-mode autocorrelation function shows multiple wavepackets separated by time lags of ∼123 min. Using a one-parameter fitting method (from local helioseismology), we measure the seismic travel times from each wavepacket up to skip number 40. Results. We find that the travel-time variations due to the solar cycle strongly depend on the skip number, with the strongest signature in odd skips from 17 to 31. Taking the noise covariance into account, the travel-time perturbations can be averaged over all skip numbers to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. Conclusions. This method is robust to noise, simpler to implement than peak bagging in the frequency domain, and is promising for asteroseismology. We estimate that the activity cycle of a Sun-like star should be detectable with this new method in Kepler-like observations down to a visual magnitude of mK ∼ 11. However, for fainter stars, activity cycles are easier to detect in the photometric variability on rotational timescales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider variations of the azimuthal magnetic fields of the Sun in the 23 – 25 activity cycles according to observations with SDO/HMI, SOHO/MDI, and Kislovodsk/STOP telescopes. To identify azimuthal magnetic fields, the daily observations of LOS magnetic fields from the regions near the solar limb were analyzed. It is shown that with a sufficiently large averaging of the data, large-scale structures are distinguished, which can be interpreted by horizontal magnetic fields along the east – west direction. Azimuthal magnetic fields are visible at both low and high latitudes. Azimuthal fields at the same latitudes have opposite directions in the northern and southern hemispheres and also change sign in even and odd cycles of activity. The mechanism of formation of global azimuthal magnetic fields and their role in the cycle of solar activity is discussed. The near-surface azimuthal magnetic field is closely related to the activity cycle. Apparently, the azimuthal field is formed from U-shaped flux tubes of active regions (AR). Due to the presence of the tilt angle AR during differential rotation, the subsurface magnetic fields are pulled in the azimuthal direction. The role of azimuthal magnetic fields in solar activity cycles is considered. A scheme for the generation of a magnetic field different from Babcock – Leighton dynamo models is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the first comprehensive study of the coronal mass ejections (CMEs) associated with ∼ 25 MeV solar energetic-proton (SEP) events in 1980 – 2013 observed in the low/inner corona by the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) Mk3 and Mk4 coronameters. Where possible, these observations are combined with space-based observations from the Solar Maximum Mission C/P, P78-1 SOLWIND, or SOHO/LASCO coronagraphs. The aim of the study is to understand directly measured (rather than inferred from proxies) CME motions in the low to midcorona and their association with SEP acceleration, and hence attempt to identify early signatures that are characteristic of SEP acceleration in ground-based CME observations that may be used to warn of impending SEP events. Although we find that SEP events are associated with CMEs that are on average faster and wider than typical CMEs observed by MLSO, a major challenge turns out to be determining reliable estimates of the CME dynamics in the low corona from the 3-min cadence Mk3/4 observations since different analysis techniques can produce inconsistent results. This complicates the assessment of what early information on a possible SEP event is available from these low-coronal observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We computed the evidence in favour of two models, one based on field-aligned thermal conduction alone and another that includes thermal misbalance as well, to explain the damping of slow magneto-acoustic waves in hot coronal loops. Our analysis is based on the computation of the marginal likelihood and the Bayes factor for the two damping models. We quantified their merit to explain the apparent relationship between slow mode periods and damping times, measured with SOHO/SUMER in a set of hot coronal loops. The results indicate evidence in favour of the model with thermal misbalance in the majority of the sample, with a small population of loops for which thermal conduction alone is more plausible. The apparent possibility of two different regimes of slow-wave damping, if due to differences between the loops of host active regions and/or the photospheric dynamics, may help to reveal the coronal heating mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar activity is often caused by the evolution of solar magnetic fields. Magnetic field parameters derived from photospheric vector magnetograms of solar active regions (ARs) have been used to analyze and forecast eruptive events, such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections. Unfortunately, the most recent Solar Cycle 24 was relatively weak with few large flares, though it is the only solar cycle in which consistent time-sequence vector magnetograms have been available through the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) since its launch in 2010. In this work, we look into another major instrument, namely the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) from 1996 to 2010. The data archive of SOHO/MDI covers a more active Solar Cycle 23 with many large flares. However, SOHO/MDI only has line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms. We propose a new deep learning method, named MagNet, to learn from combined LOS magnetograms, B x and B y , taken by SDO/HMI, along with H α observations collected by the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), and to generate synthetic vector components B x ′ and B y ′ of ARs. These generated vector components, together with observational LOS data, would form vector magnetograms for SOHO/MDI. In this way, we can expand the availability of vector magnetograms to the period from 1996 to present. Experimental results demonstrate the good performance of the MagNet method. To our knowledge, this is the first time that deep learning has been used to generate photospheric vector magnetograms of ARs for SOHO/MDI using SDO/HMI and H α data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), as they can inject a large amounts of mass and magnetic flux into the interplanetary space, are the primary source of space weather phenomena on the Earth. The present review first briefly introduces the solar surface signatures of the origins of CMEs and then focuses on the attempts to understand the kinematic evolution of CMEs from the Sun to the Earth. CMEs have been observed in the solar corona in white-light from a series of space missions over the last five decades. In particular, LASCO/SOHO has provided almost continuous coverage of CMEs for more than two solar cycles until today. However, the observations from LASCO suffered from projection effects and limited field-of-view (within 30 R ⊙ from the Sun). In 2006, the launch of the twin STEREO spacecraft has made possible multiple viewpoints imaging observations, which enabled us to assess the projection effects on CMEs. Moreover, heliospheric imagers (HIs) onboard STEREO continuously observed the large and unexplored distance gap between the Sun and the Earth. Finally, the Earth-directed CMEs that earlier have been routinely identified only near the Earth at 1 AU in in situ observations from ACE and WIND, could also be identified at longitudes away from the Sun–Earth line using the in situ instruments onboard STEREO. We describe the key signatures for the identification of CMEs using in situ observations. Our review presents the frequently used methods for estimation of the kinematics of CMEs and their arrival time at 1 AU using primarily SOHO and STEREO observations. We emphasize the need of deriving the three-dimensional (3D) properties of Earth-directed CMEs from the locations away from the Sun–Earth line. The results improving the CME arrival time prediction at Earth and the open issues holding back progress are also discussed. Finally, we summarize the importance of heliospheric imaging and discuss the path forward to achieve improved space weather forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key lesson of the Wooster Group's production of Bertolt Brecht's learning play The Mother concerns the meaning of ownership in capitalism. Unlike other businesses that moved into SoHo during the wave of deindustrialization that began in the late 1960s, the group of actors that owns a former metal stamping factory at 33 Wooster Street shows that their relationship towards their means of production is not only economic, but also ethical. This is at the foundation of their distinct theatrical aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review summarizes our current understanding of the outer heliosphere and local interstellar medium (LISM) inferred from observations and modeling of interplanetary Lyman- α emission. The emission is produced by solar Lyman- α photons (121.567 nm) backscattered by interstellar H atoms inflowing to the heliosphere from the LISM. Studies of Lyman- α radiation determined the parameters of interstellar hydrogen within a few astronomical units from the Sun. The interstellar hydrogen atoms appeared to be decelerated, heated, and shifted compared to the helium atoms. The detected deceleration and heating proved the existence of secondary hydrogen atoms created near the heliopause. This finding supports the discovery of a Hydrogen Wall beyond the heliosphere consisting of heated hydrogen observed in HST/GHRS Lyman- α absorption spectra toward nearby stars. The shift of the interstellar hydrogen bulk velocity was the first observational evidence of the global heliosphere asymmetry confirmed later by Voyager in situ measurements. SOHO/SWAN all-sky maps of the backscattered Lyman- α intensity identified variations of the solar wind mass flux with heliolatitude and time. In particular, two maxima at mid-latitudes were discovered during solar activity maximum, which Ulysses missed due to its specific trajectory. Finally, Voyager/UVS and New Horizons/Alice UV spectrographs discovered extraheliospheric Lyman- α emission. We review these scientific breakthroughs, outline open science questions, and discuss potential future heliospheric Lyman- α experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diversification of blood collection agencies' (BCAs) core business requires donors to donate substances of human origin (SoHO) beyond whole‐blood. Whole‐blood donors are assumed to be willing to convert to donate other SoHO as well as whole‐blood. However, no reviews consider the evidence on conversion (i.e., willingness/intention, behaviour, retention, attrition). This rapid review provides a narrative synthesis of whole‐blood donors' conversion to another SoHO, characteristics contributing to conversion, motives and deterrents, and interventions encouraging conversion. Sixty‐five studies were reviewed. Most were cross‐sectional and examined whole‐blood donor conversion to organ (willingness/pledge for deceased donation), plasma or stem cell donation. Most examined conversion rather than characteristics contributing to conversion, motives, deterrents or interventions. Whole‐blood donors appear willing to donate another SoHO, yet conversion rates are unclear. Besides self‐efficacy, there is little consistency in reported characteristics of donors converting, and few theories applied to understand characteristics encouraging conversion. Intrinsic (altruism, self‐esteem, curiosity) and extrinsic (perceived need, service experience, direct requests) motives and barriers (lifestyle, fearing reduced health) appear important and require further research. Interventions encouraging conversion need replication and may include in‐person, in‐centre approaches, raising awareness of the functional benefits of other SoHO (high need, usefulness), and developing promotional materials that pique donors' curiosity, invite questions, and encourage donor‐initiated conversations about conversion. Centralising BCAs as a single business or partnering with other organisations appears mutually beneficial to encourage conversion and sustainable panels/resources. Research is needed to understand the impact of encouraging conversion on donors and organisations, and identify optimal management strategies for multi‐SoHO donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2020, at the 2-m telescope of the Terskol branch of the Institute of Astronomy, we carried out spectrophotometric observations in the range of ~0.36–0.95 μm of nine asteroids of the Main Belt (19 Fortuna, 52 Europa, 102 Miriam, 177 Irma, 203 Pompeja, 250 Bettina, 266 Aline, 379 Huenna, and 383 Janina), which were near perihelia of their orbits with significant eccentricities, in order to determine the effect of maximum subsolar temperatures on them. The study of the reflecance spectra of asteroids showed that the mineralogy of their matter is low-temperature and basically corresponds to the previously established classification (Tholen, 1989; Bus and Binzel, 2002). But in the spectra of eight asteroids (with the exception of 102 Miriam), for the first time, significant deviations were found that go beyond the spectral boundaries of their taxonomic types in the absence of noticeable changes in the spectral transparency of the Earth's atmosphere at time intervals shorter and longer than the exposure time. Such features can be interpreted as light scattering by a mobile (or inhomogeneous) dusty exosphere that forms near these asteroids near perihelion in the process of ice sublimation at the highest subsolar temperatures. In addition, as follows from the data obtained from the GOES-16 and SOHO satellites, the considered asteroids at the end of November 2020 (10 days before the start of our observations) were affected by a strong solar flare in the X-ray range, and then by a shock wave in solar wind caused by a coronal mass ejection on the Sun, which was quasi-synchronous with the X-ray flare. This probably led to an additional increase in the sublimation activity of the asteroids and manifestations of a derivative dusty exosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to show the varying asymmetries during the decay of sunspot groups. The source of input data is the SOHO/MDI-Debrecen Database sunspot catalog that contains the magnetic polarity data for time interval 1996â€"2010. Several types of asymmetries were examined on the selected sample of 142 sunspot groups. The leadingâ€"following asymmetry increases in three phases during the decay and exhibits anticorrelation with size. It is also related to a hemispheric asymmetry: during the decay, the area asymmetry index has higher values in the southern hemisphere, which may be due to the higher activity level in the southern hemisphere in cycle 23. The total umbral area is inversely proportional to the umbra/penumbra ratio, but it is directly proportional to the umbral decay rate. During the decay, the umbra/penumbra (U/P) ratio decreases unambiguously in the trailing parts but in most cases in the leading parts as well. The U/P variation is a consequence of the different depths of umbral and penumbral fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: A donor health questionnaire (DHQ) aims to ensure the safety of donors and recipients of transfusions or transplantations with blood components, plasma‐derived medicinal products, tissues, haematopoietic stem cells and medically assisted reproduction (in short substances of human origin; SoHO). Currently, many different DHQs exist across countries and SoHO. TRANSPOSE (TRANSfusion and transplantation PrOtection and SElection of donors) developed and validated a standardized DHQ to use across countries and SoHO. We tested whether participants understand the questions and provide honest answers. Methods: For the validation of the standardized DHQ, two demographically representative online surveys were conducted in Germany (N = 3329) and Austria (N = 3432). We surveyed whether participants understood each DHQ question and would answer the questions truthfully. We used experimental settings to test whether there is a difference between mode of administration (print vs. online), the order of the questions (subject vs. chronological order), and the positioning of the general state of health question (beginning vs. end) in the DHQ. Using regression models, we tested the DHQ's impact on participant mood after completion and on socially desirable response behaviour. Results: Participants understood the DHQ questions well and would answer them honestly. Nevertheless, the data show different levels of understanding and honesty when responding. Administration mode was the only characteristic that had a significant influence on mood, with the online version resulting in a more favourable mood in comparison to the printed version. Conclusion: The DHQ was well understood and had a low dishonest tendency. Our findings can serve as an impulse for further research on DHQ criteria across other SoHO and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate the formation and disruption of a coronal sigmoid from the active region (AR) NOAA 11909 on 07 December 2013, by analyzing multi-wavelength and multi-instrument observations. Our analysis suggests that the formation of the sigmoid initiated ≈ 1 hour before its eruption through a coupling between two twisted coronal loop systems. This sigmoid can be well regarded as of 'transient' class due to its short lifetime as the eruptive activities started just after ≈ 20 min of its formation. A comparison between coronal and photospheric images suggests that the coronal sigmoid was formed over a simple β -type AR which also possessed dispersed magnetic field structure in the photosphere. The line-of-sight photospheric magnetograms also reveal small-scale flux cancellation events near the polarity inversion line, and overall flux cancellation during the extended pre-eruption phase which suggest the role of tether-cutting reconnection toward the build-up of the flux rope. The disruption of the sigmoid proceeded with a two-ribbon eruptive M1.2 flare (SOL2013-12-07T07:29). In radio frequencies, we observe type III and type II bursts in meter wavelengths during the impulsive phase of the flare. The successful eruption of the flux rope leads to a fast coronal mass ejection (with a linear speed of ≈ 1085 km s−1) in SOHO/LASCO field-of-view. During the evolution of the flare, we clearly observe typical "sigmoid-to-arcade" transformation. Prior to the onset of the impulsive phase of the flare, flux rope undergoes a slow rise (≈ 15 km s−1) which subsequently transitions into a fast eruption (≈ 110 km s−1). The two-phase evolution of the flux rope shows temporal associations with the soft X-ray precursor and impulsive phase emissions of the M-class flare, respectively, thus pointing toward a feedback relationship between magnetic reconnection and early CME dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a photometrically accurate restoration of the K- and F-coronae from white-light images obtained over 24 years [1996 – 2019] by the Large-Angle Spectrometric COronagraph (LASCO-C2) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The procedure starts with the data set of unpolarized images of 512 × 512 pixels produced by the polarimetric analysis of the routine C2 polarization sequences (Lamy et al., Solar Phys. 295, 89, 2020) in which the F-corona, the instrumental stray light, and possible remnants of the K-corona due to the imperfect polarimetric separation are entangled. Disentangling these components requires a complex procedure organized in three stages, each composed of several steps. Stage 1 establishes the distinct variations of the radiance of these components with the Sun–SOHO distance, and generate a new data set of median images calculated for each Carrington rotation. Stage 2 achieves the restoration of a set of 36 stray-light images that account for the temporal variation of the stray-light pattern, in particular those associated with the periodic roll maneuvers of SOHO, which started in 2003. Stage 3 achieves the restoration of the F-corona, and a time series of daily images is generated. Combining these images with the set of stray-light images allowed us to process the whole set of routine LASCO-C2 images of 1024 × 1024 pixels (approximately 626,000 images) and to produce calibrated, high-resolution images of the K-corona. The two sets of images of the K-corona, that produced by polarimetric separation of 512 × 512 pixels images and that presently produced by subtraction, are in excellent photometric agreement. We extend our past conclusions that the temporal variation of the integrated radiance of the K-corona tracks the solar activity over Solar Cycles 23 and 24, and that it is highly correlated with the temporal variation of the total magnetic field. The behaviors of the integrated radiance during the last few years of the declining phases of Solar Cycles 23 and 24 are remarkably similar, reaching the same base level and leading to a duration of 11.0 years for the latter cycle, in agreement with that derived from sunspots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapidly decaying long-period oscillations often occur in hot coronal loops of active regions associated with small (or micro-) flares. This kind of wave activity was first discovered with the SOHO/SUMER spectrometer from Doppler velocity measurements of hot emission lines, thus also often called "SUMER" oscillations. They were mainly interpreted as global (or fundamental mode) standing slow magnetoacoustic waves. In addition, increasing evidence has suggested that the decaying harmonic type of pulsations detected in light curves of solar and stellar flares are likely caused by standing slow-mode waves. The study of slow magnetoacoustic waves in coronal loops has become a topic of particular interest in connection with coronal seismology. We review recent results from SDO/AIA and Hinode/XRT observations that have detected both standing and reflected intensity oscillations in hot flaring loops showing the physical properties (e.g., oscillation periods, decay times, and triggers) in accord with the SUMER oscillations. We also review recent advances in theory and numerical modeling of slow-mode waves focusing on the wave excitation and damping mechanisms. MHD simulations in 1D, 2D and 3D have been dedicated to understanding the physical conditions for the generation of a reflected propagating or a standing wave by impulsive heating. Various damping mechanisms and their analysis methods are summarized. Calculations based on linear theory suggest that the non-ideal MHD effects such as thermal conduction, compressive viscosity, and optically thin radiation may dominate in damping of slow-mode waves in coronal loops of different physical conditions. Finally, an overview is given of several important seismological applications such as determination of transport coefficients and heating function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article pays tribute to the life and work of Mary Overlie, the performer, choreographer, teacher and originator of The Viewpoints theory and practice. Developed in the downtown interdisciplinary experimental arts scene of the SoHo district in 1970s, The Viewpoints has become a staple of actor training programs. Here, I consider the legacy of Overlie's work through three memories of her teaching and an explication of her concept of the 'observer-participant'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses neighbourhood change, its impact on the character of Soho, and to what extent perceptions of change match objective reality. Focusing on three streets (Berwick, Old Compton and Wardour Streets), the research (2008–2018) compares objective evidence of ground floor uses with the perceptions of people living and working in Soho. There was a close match between perceptions and objective measures of change on 4 out of 7 indicators: type of use, business name, locality and business ethnicity. The paper discusses these changes in terms of commercial gentrification that threatens Soho's character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have shown that magnetic fields in the solar corona are strong enough to significantly mix the two 3p43d 4D5/2,7/2 levels in Cl-like Fe x. This mixing gives rise to a magnetically induced transition (MIT) component in the bright Fe x 257.3 Å line, commonly observed by current instrumentation, that can be used for coronal magnetic field diagnostics. This line, commonly observed by the still operational EIS spectrometer on board the Hinode satellite since 2007, opens a new window into the coronal magnetic field. However, the strength of this MIT transition depends on the square of the energy difference ΔE of the two levels, so that an accurate determination of ΔE is of critical importance to accurately measure coronal magnetic field strengths. In the present work we present a new measurement of ΔE obtained determining the separation of the two component of the Fe x doublet close to 1603.3 Å from deep-exposure spectra of a quiescent streamer at the solar limb taken with the SUMER instrument on board SoHO. Our measurement of ΔE = 2.29 ± 0.50 cm−1 agrees with, and improves upon, an earlier measurements by Judge et al. by decreasing its uncertainty from 80% to approximately 20%, improving the attainable accuracy of magnetic field strength measurements obtainable with the Fe x 257.26 Å line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One source of noise for the laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) will be time-varying changes of the space environment in the form of solar wind particles and photon pressure from fluctuating solar irradiance. The approximate magnitude of these effects can be estimated from the average properties of the solar wind and the solar irradiance. We use data taken by the ACE (advanced Compton explorer) satellite and the VIRGO (variability of solar iRradiance and gravity oscillations) instrument on the SOHO satellite over an entire solar cycle to calculate the forces due to solar wind and photon pressure irradiance on the LISA spacecraft. We produce a realistic model of the effects of these environmental noise sources and their variation over the expected course of the LISA mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the solar energetic particle events (SEPs) and their association with solar flares and other activities are very crucial to understand the space weather. Keeping this in view, here we present the study of SEPs (intensity ≥ 10 pfu) during the solar cycles 21–24 (1976–2017) in > 10 MeV energy channels associated with solar flares. For our analysis, we have used the data from different instruments onboard SOHO satellite. We have examined the flare size, source location, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) characteristics of associated SEPs. About 31% and 69% of the SEPs were originated from the eastern and western solar hemisphere, respectively. The average CME speed and width were 1238 km s - 1 and 253 ∘ , respectively. About 58% SEPs were associated with halo CMEs and 42% of SEPs associated with CMEs width varying from 10 ∘ to 250 ∘ , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the American writer Ann Snitow was the most generous friend, mentor, and comrade, the constant host in her SoHo loft of visiting feminists and their conferences. Topics include her teaching and academic work emerged from her life as an activist, and the two fed each other; mentions that social construction is the beginning of being able to be critical, to pull back from one's own belief system; and also mentions that she freely acknowledged that many of the challenges of organizing ourselves and others were basically Freudian.

It is suggested that the dependency of the global asteroseismic parameters on stellar properties such as magnetic activity is carefully calibrated with a homogenous data sample in stellar parameters in the sense that the empirical scaling relations of the global asteroseismic parameters are used in estimating fundamental stellar properties. As an effort of examining the acoustic oscillations of very close stars in stellar parameters except the magnetic activity level, here, we explore the solar p-mode oscillations over the period from 1996 to 2014 covering the solar cycles 23 and the first half of 24 by analyzing photometric Sun-as-a-star data observed from the GREEN channel of the VIRGO/SPM instrument on board SoHO. By dividing the whole time series of observations into 19 segments of 1-year and calculating the corresponding power spectrum, we calculate the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient with the chance probability between temporal variations of the global asteroseismic parameters and the solar 10.7-cm radio flux. As a result, we have confirmed earlier findings that the envelope amplitude and solar activity are negatively correlated. The envelope width has been found to show a correlation with the solar activity. We also note temporal variations on timescales shorter than ∼ 11 years in the envelope amplitude and width. As for the frequency of the maximum height in the acoustic power spectrum, the speculated correlation with solar activity has been reproduced. We have, finally, attempted to explore temporal variations of the background red-noise using a simple power-law and found that it appears to become steeper at solar minimum than at solar maximum. • We investigate the dependence of the solar oscillation power excess on solar activity over the solar cycle. • We have confirmed previous reports that the A is negatively correlated with solar activity. • Temporal variations in the best-fitting amplitude of the envelope are found to show small but significant variations on timescales shorter than ∼ 11 years, i.e., ∼ 3 and ∼ 4 years. • We find that the δ ν e n v and solar activity are clearly correlated. • We have also explored the temporal variations of the background red-noise by fitting a simple power-law and found that the slope changes with the solar cycles in phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bolometric Oscillation Sensor (BOS) is a broadband radiation measurement instrument onboard the PICARD satellite that was active between 2010 and 2014. The main detector is a thermistor attached black coated surface, which was permanently exposed to space without any optical and aperture accessories. The temperature measurements are used within a transfer function to determine variations in incoming solar irradiance as well as the terrestrial radiation. In the present article, the measurement principle of the BOS and its transfer function are presented. The performance of the instrument is discussed based on laboratory experiments and space observations from the PICARD satellite. The comparison of the short-term variation of total solar irradiance (TSI) with absolute radiometers such as VIRGO/SOHO and TIM/SORCE over the same period of time suggests that the BOS is a relatively much simpler but very effective sensor for monitoring electromagnetic radiation variations from visible to infrared wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We construct Saturn equatorial neutral temperature and density profiles of H, H 2 , He, and CH 4 , between 10−12 and 1 bar using measurements from Cassini's Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) taken during the spacecraft's final plunge into Saturn's atmosphere on 15 September 2017, combined with previous deeper atmospheric measurements from the Cassini Composite InfraRed Spectrometer (CIRS) and from the UltraViolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS). These neutral profiles are fed into an energy deposition model employing soft X-ray and Extreme UltraViolet (EUV) solar fluxes at a range of spectral resolutions (Δ λ = 4 × 1 0 − 3 nm to 1 nm) assembled from TIMED/SEE, from SOHO/SUMER, and from the Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI) quiet Sun campaign. Our energy deposition model calculates ion production rate profiles through photo-ionisation and electron-impact ionisation processes, as well as rates of photo-dissociation of CH 4. The ion reaction rate profiles we determine are important to obtain accurate ion density profiles, meanwhile methane photo-dissociation is key to initiate complex organic chemical processes. We assess the importance of spectral resolution in the energy deposition model by using a high-resolution H 2 photo-absorption cross section, which has the effect of producing additional ionisation peaks near 800 km altitude. We find that these peaks are still formed when using low-resolution (Δ λ = 1 nm) or mid-resolution (Δ λ = 0. 1 nm) solar spectra, as long as high-resolution cross sections are included in the model. • Neutral temperature and density profiles from the final plunge of Cassini into Saturn's atmosphere • Photoionisation and electron impact production rate profiles of major ions in Saturn's ionosphere • Photodissociation rate profiles of methane in Saturn's upper atmosphere • Importance of using a high-resolution H 2 photoabsorption cross section vs solar spectrum [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organisations can play a decisive role in steering societies towards sustainable, resilient, and regenerative pathways of development. However, little is known empirically about how they do so. Such knowledge is vital as COVID-19 has laid bare the need for a wide range of systemic transformations. We examine the role of Sustainability-Oriented Hybrid Organisations (SOHOs), which use market related practices to solve social and environmental problems, in building foundational transformative capacities for regenerative sustainability. We further develop an existing framework and operationalise transformative capacities as: (1) reconnecting social and ecological systems dynamics in ways that are mutually supportive, healthy, and regenerative of life-support systems; (2) fostering healthy individual and political agency; and (3) contributing to building rich community relationships and enhancing social cohesion. Through this lens we explore the practices, activities, and strategies of nine SOHOs in and around the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona. We show that SOHOs emerge from and are decisive in further building transformative capacities within communities creating contagious virtuous cycles. However, their strategies and associated actions may also harm the development of these capacities at the urban scale. Broader institutional innovations, enabling environments, and continually adaptive and critical learning approaches are needed to avoid unintended negative consequences. • To promote sustainability transformations, agents and institutions need to not only develop capacities to adapt but also capacities to transform. • Three foundational transformative capacities are key: socio-ecological reconnection; healthy individual and political agency; and rich community relationships. • Sustainability-Oriented Hybrid Organisations are decisive in developing transformative capacities within communities. • But their strategies and associated actions can harm the development of these capacities at the urban scale. • Enabling environments, and a adaptive and critical learning approach is needed to avoid unintended negative consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While significant scholarly attention has been paid to retail in gentrified neighborhoods, the origins of this specific form of urban commerce are less clear. The history of New York’s SoHo neighborhood provides a way to explain how and why art galleries, boutiques, and restaurants have come to define the retail landscape of gentrification. It also can help scholars answer two important questions about the arts and city life: how do artists and art galleries spark retail growth? Furthermore, outside of the economic activity created by the sale of art, how do they inspire economic development and gentrification? In the case of SoHo, the art market, government arts funding, and the sweat equity of artists were of central importance in drawing visitors into the neighborhood. These artistic tourists eventually became the customer base for area retail, shaping its distinctive commercial landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We examine New York's SoHo and Chelsea districts for evidence of how art and place interact over time. More specifically, we trace the decline of New York's SoHo as a gallery district and the concomitant rise of nearby Chelsea, concluding that such a transition cannot simply be explained, as it usually is, by rises in property rents that ‘force out’ the art. Of equal significance, and following a different trajectory, is the change in art prices — particularly for the kind of art with which these places have been in reciprocal relation. A final factor in determining neighborhood fates is how difficult or easy it is to reassemble social scenes from one place to another. We show how artifact specifics, including their shape, form and aesthetic appeal, conjoin with property markets and scene sociality to affect urban morphology. Résumé Dans le cadre des recherches consacrées aux liens entre économie créative et processus urbains, cet article s'intéresse à la manière dont art et lieu interagissent sur le long terme dans les quartiers new-yorkais de Soho et Chelsea. Plus précisément, il retrace le déclin de Soho en tant que haut-lieu des galeries et l'ascension simultanée du quartier voisin de Chelsea devenu un marché d'art. On ne peut se contenter de l'explication habituelle de cette transition, selon laquelle l'augmentation des loyers a ‘expulsé’ l'art. Sur un même plan, quoique sur un axe différent, se trouve l'évolution du prix des œuvres – en particulier dans le type d'art auquel ces lieux ont été associés réciproquement –, évolution qui se reflète sur l'occupation des terrains. Ce qui influe également sur le destin de ces quartiers est la plus ou moins grande difficultéà reconstituer les scènes sociales d'un lieu à l'autre. L'article montre comment les spécificités des objets d'art, qu'il s'agisse de leur valeur financière ou de leur forme, se combinent aux marchés immobiliers et à la nature sociale des scènes pour modifier la morphologie urbaine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reviews the exhibition "Here is New York: A Democracy of Photographs" at the Michael Shulan's Soho gallery on September 25, 2001.

Presents information on the art exhibition `Art/Fashion' which was held at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York. Relationship between art and fashion; Features of the exhibition.